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Tsuneoki KAJUJI (1396-April 29, 1437) was a court noble, or Kugyo (the top court official), in the Muromachi period. | 勧修寺 経興（かじゅうじ つねおき、応永3年（1396年）- 永享9年3月24日 (旧暦)（1437年4月29日））は、室町時代の公家（公卿）。 |
He was the fifth family head of the Kajuji family which was Tosho-ke (the hereditary lineage of court nobles occupying relatively high ranks), and the main branch of Kanroji of the Takafuji group of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, an important noble family. | 堂上家（家格は名家 (公家)、藤原北家高藤流甘露寺支流）である勧修寺家の5代当主。 |
Its status under the Engishiki (a book of laws and regulation compiled during the Engi era) was Engoku, meaning distant province, in the Kokushi-Kokutokyu-kubun (classification of provinces according to their political and economic situation) category. | 延喜式での格は国司国等級区分、遠国。 |
The province is described as Muzashi Province in the wooden tablets from the site of Fujiwara Palace in Asuka-kyo. Additionally, it has been found that Musashi was represented differently, as the kanji 'Muzashi,' until the seventh century. | 飛鳥京・藤原宮木簡には、无耶志国と表記。 また、7世紀頃までの武蔵は「无射志」（むざし）と表記されていた記録も見つかっている。 |
The muramai system refers to a sake rice dealing system which is concluded between sake rice production areas in Harima region and specific Kuramoto (sake brewer) including Nada gogo (five districts in Nada). | 村米制度（むらまいせいど）は播磨地方の酒米産地と灘五郷をはじめ特定の蔵元との間で結ばれる、酒米取引制度（現酒造業者）のことを言う。 |
In February, 654, OKISOME no Oku became a member of Kentoshi with Oshi (leader of envoy) TAKAMUKO no Kuromaro and Taishi (assistant leader of envoy) KAWABE no Maro. At that time, Oku's rank was Shootsujo. This Kentoshi came back to Japan in August, 655. | 白雉5年（654年）2月、置始大伯は、高向玄理を押使、河辺麻呂を大使とする遣唐使の一員となった。 このとき大伯の位は小乙上であった。 この遣唐使は、斉明天皇元年（655年）8月に帰った。 |
Although the name of OKISOME no Oku isn't mentioned in the description of the Jinshin War in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), the proclamation about his theft explained below proves that he had made achievements supporting Prince Oama. | 『日本書紀』の壬申の乱のくだりに置始大伯の名は現れないが、次に述べる窃盗事件の詔で、大海人皇子側で活躍したことがわかる。 |
"Hikihitomai" is a kind of "sarugaku" (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries). | 侏儒舞（ひきひとまい）は、猿楽の一種である。 |
Summary Hikihitomai is a dancing art performed by people of short stature, belonging to comical acts. | 概要 背の低い人の舞で、滑稽技に属する。 |
Hikihitomai was recorded in "Shinsarugoki" (a kind of textbook about manners and cultures of Kyoto in the Heian era) and categorized into sarugaku in the Heian period. | 『新猿楽記』に記され、平安時代、猿楽に入れられた。 |
The first appearance of Hikihitomai in written records is the description at the section of March, the eighth year of the Emperor Buretsu's era in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), that "the emperor indulges himself in wanton pleasures by gathering many short people and actors to make them play queer performances and barnyard music." | 文献初出は『日本書紀』武烈天皇8年3月の条に、「大に侏儒倡優を進めて爛漫の楽を為す、奇偉之戯を設けて靡靡之声を縦にす」とあるものである。 |
This description is said to quote a Chinese historical event referring to an elbow and if so, it is unknown whether or not hikihitomai was performed in Japan at that time. | これは中国、肘の故事を借りたものであるといい、そうであるならば、当時、日本で侏儒舞が行われたか不明である。 |
Akikuni MATSUDAIRA (January 23, 1849 - January 2, 1864) was a samurai who lived during the Edo period. He was the 14th son of Nariaki TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Mito Domain. He was a younger brother of the 15th Shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA. His childhood name was Yoshimaro. | 松平 昭訓（まつだいら あきくに、嘉永元年12月29日 (旧暦)（1849年1月23日） - 文久3年11月23日 (旧暦)（1864年1月2日））は江戸時代の武士。 水戸藩主徳川斉昭の十四男。 15代将軍徳川慶喜の弟に当たる。 幼名は余四麿。 |
He went up to Kyoto with his eldest brother Yoshiatsu TOKUGAWA, and worked hard to support Yoshiatsu even though he was still young.. However, he became sick during his stay in Kyoto and eventually died on January 2, 1864 (according to 'Mitosama Keifu' [The Genealogical Record of the Mito Family], he died on June 14, 1864.) His graveyard is located in Kyoto. | 長兄の徳川慶篤とともに上洛し、若年ながら慶篤をよく補佐した。 しかし、文久3年（1863年）11月23日、京都滞在中に病気にかかり死去した（没日は「水戸様系譜」では元治元年（1864年）5月11日となっている）。 墓所は京都にある。 |
After Akikuni's death, his younger brother Yohachimaro (who later became Akitake TOKUGAWA), who went up to Kyoto to take care of Akikuni, took over the position of assistant to Yoshiatsu. | 昭訓の死去により、慶篤の補佐役は昭訓の看病の名目で上洛した弟の余八麿（後の徳川昭武）がとってかわった。 |
In 1273, he was appointed to sobugyo for building the Tada-in Temple in Settsu Province. In 1277, he bought the position of betto (the head priest) of Kumeda-dera Temple in Izumi Province. He donated his territories to the temple to restore it as a temple of Ritsu sect, and in 1282, he invited Eison to hold do-kuyo (a memorial service of the temple). | 文永10年（1273年）摂津国多田院造営の惣奉行に就く。 建治 3年（1277年）には和泉国久米田寺の別当職を買得。 所領を寄進し律宗の寺として再興、弘安5年（1282年）には叡尊を請じ堂供養を催行した。 |
In 1284, under the shugo (military governor) Kanetoki HOJO, he was appointed to shugodai (provincial governor) of Settsu Province. In 1302, he refurbished the Fukudomari Port in Harima Province at his own expense of hundreds of kan (obsolete unit of currency). | 弘安7年（1284年）守護北条兼時の元、摂津国守護代に就任。 乾元元年（1302年）には数百貫の私財を投じて播磨国福泊港を修築している。 |
In 1329, he died at his own house in Gojo Ward of Kyoto at the age of 91. Kempon Chakushoku Ando Rensho Zo' that has been handed down in the Kumeda-dera Temple is designated as a national important cultural property. | 嘉暦4年（1329年）、京五条の私邸で91歳で死去した。 久米田寺に伝わっている「絹本著色安東蓮聖像」は国の重要文化財に指定されている。 |
"Maizuru Kamaboko" is a brand of kamaboko (fish minced and steamed) made and sold in Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture. On October 27, 2006, it was certified as the first certification of Regional Organizations' Trademark System (Regional Brand). | 舞鶴かまぼこ（まいづるかまぼこ）は、京都府舞鶴市で製造・販売されている蒲鉾のブランド。 2006年10月27日には地域団体商標制度（地域ブランド）の認定第一弾として認定された。 |
Yanagimoto Domain covered Shikijo, Yamabe and Uda counties of Yamato Province. The seat of government was the Yanagimoto Jinya (present-day Kurozuka Tumulus, Yanagimoto-cho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture). Although the domain government was a jinya, the family status was equivalent to a castle-owning feudal lord. | 柳本藩（やなぎもとはん）は、大和国式上郡・山辺郡・宇陀郡を領有した藩。 藩庁は柳本陣屋（現在の奈良県天理市柳本町黒塚古墳）。 なお、藩庁は陣屋であるが、家格は城主大名であった。 |
Akuru is an evil god in Japanese Methodology. | 悪樓（あくる）は、日本神話に伝わる悪神。 |
The name of TAIMA no Hiromaro is not mentioned in the description of the Jinshin War in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan). It is only known that he made great achievements from a description of conferral of a posthumous rank at his death. | 『日本書紀』が壬申の乱について記すくだりに当麻広麻呂の名は見えない。 死亡時の贈位記事によって功があったことが知られるだけである。 |
On November 16, 684, TAIMA no Kimi was given Mahito as his kabane on the day when Yakusa no Kabane (the eight honorary titles) were established. | 当麻公は、天武天皇13年（684年）10月1日の八色の姓制定の日に、真人の姓を与えられた。 |
On June 29, 685, TAIMA no Mahito Hiromaro died with his rank, Jikikosan. The rank of Jikidaiichi (the ninth grade of jikidai rank for vassals of the forty-eight grades of cap rank, which corresponds to Shoshiinojo, Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade of Taiho Ritsuryo, Taiho Code) was given for the achievements he made in Jinshin War. | 天武天皇14年（685年）5月19日に当麻真人広麻呂は直広参の位で死んだ。 壬申の年の功によって、直大壱の位を贈られた。 |
Manzaburo UMEWAKA the third (1941-) is a Noh actor, of shite-kata (main roles) of Kanze school. | 三世梅若万三郎（さんせい うめわか まんざぶろう、1941年 -）はシテ方観世流能楽師。 |
His eldest son is Norinaga UMEWAKA and the second son is Hisanori UMEWAKA. | 長男が梅若紀長、次男が梅若久紀。 |
Enpa is a school of busshi (sculptor of Buddhist Statues) which started from the mid Heian period and lasted until the Kamakura period. The founder was Chosei, who established Sanjo Bussho and engaged in activities around Kyoto, and was a disciple of Jocho. In the time of Myoen and on, the mainstream of the school was moved to Nara and Kamakura, and the school declined. | 円派（えんぱ）は、 平安時代中期から鎌倉時代の仏師の一派。 祖は定朝の弟子長勢、三条仏所を形成し京都を中心に活躍。 明円以降、奈良、鎌倉に主流が移り衰微。 |
Emperor Sakuramachi (February 8, 1720 - May 28, 1750), the 115th Emperor, reigned during the Edo period (from April 13, 1735 to June 9, 1747). His name from childhood was Wakamiya, and his personal name was Teruhito. | 桜町天皇（さくらまちてんのう、享保5年1月1日（1720年2月8日） - 寛延3年4月23日（1750年5月28日））は、江戸時代の第115代天皇（在位享保20年3月21日（1735年4月13日） - 延享4年5月2日（1747年6月9日））。 幼名を若宮、諱を昭仁（てるひと）という。 |
Maigetsusho (The Monthly Commentary) is a treatise on waka poetry written by a kajin (waka poet) FUJIWARA no Teika in 1219. | 毎月抄（まいげつしょう）とは、1219年（承久元年）歌人藤原定家が著した歌論書。 |
MINAMOTO no Makoto (810 - February 13, 869) was a noble during the first half of the Heian Period. He was the patriarch of the Minamoto clan and the eldest of the first generation Minamoto clan. His father was Emperor Saga, and his mother is said to have come from Hiroi clan, Hirohata clan or Fujii clan. | 源 信（みなもと の まこと、弘仁元年（810年） - 貞観 (日本)10年閏12月28日 (旧暦)（869年2月13日））は平安時代前期の公卿。 源氏の祖で初代源氏長者。 父は嵯峨天皇、母は広井氏または広幡氏、藤井氏ともいう。 |
In 866, during the Affair of Otenmon, he was charged with arson because of a false accusation by Dainagon (chief councilor of state) TOMO no Yoshio, with who he did not get along, and Tomo no Dainagon ekotoba depicts the people in the besieged mansion wailing in desperation. Daijo-daijin FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa defended him and he was declared innocent. | 貞観8年（866年）応天門の変で不仲であった大納言伴善男の誣告により放火の嫌疑を受け、邸を包囲され、絶望した家の人々が嘆き悲しむ様子が伴大納言絵詞に描かれている。 太政大臣藤原良房の弁護により無実となる。 |
This incident gave Makoto a tremendous mental distress, and thereafter, he locked up his gate and confined himself to his mansion. On February 13, 869, he went hunting for a change of air, but he fell off the horse and fell into a deep mud. He was rescued but he died few days later. He was awarded the rank of Shoichii (Senior First Rank) in the following year. | この事件は信に大きな精神的打撃を与え、以後門を閉じて篭居していた。 貞観10年閏12月28日（869年2月13日）、気分転換の為狩猟に出かけるが、その最中に落馬して深泥におちいった。 救い出されたが数日後に没した。 翌年、贈正一位。 |
Imperial Prince Kaneakira (914 - 987) was a member of the Imperial Family during the Heian period. | 兼明親王（かねあきらしんのう、延喜14年（914年） - 永延元年（987年））は平安時代の皇族。 |
Kyoto Cultural Exhibition is an exhibition which is held in Kyoto. | 京都文化博覧会（きょうとぶんかはくらんかい）は、京都市で開催される博覧会。 |
Later in life, he was also involved in reclamation of Nasuno district, and was engaged in establishment of a vineyard and a winery. | 後年、那須野の開墾にも携わり、葡萄園と葡萄酒醸造所の設営に係る。 |
Hajin HAYANO (1676 - July 7, 1742) was a poet of haiku (a Japanese poem in 17 syllables having a 5-7-5 syllabic form and traditionally containing a reference to the seasons) who lived during the Edo period. He was a mentor of Buson YOSA. Later he called himself Soa YAHANTEI. | 早野巴人（はやの はじん、延宝4年（1676年） - 寛保2年6月6日 (旧暦)（1742年7月7日）） 江戸時代の俳人。 与謝蕪村の師。 のち夜半亭宋阿（やはんてい そうあ）と改める。 |
Summary A writing brush, ink, water, a short sword, a ruler and a calendar are sometimes kept in it together with suzuri. | 概要 硯の他に筆、墨、水滴、小刀、尺、暦その他をも納めることがある。 |
There are three kinds of suzuribako, namely hira-suzuribako (flat suzuribako), ju-suzuribako (multitier suzuribako) and asa-suzuribako (shallow suzuribako). Some products are decorated with nashiji (lacquer ware with a flecked effect), makie (Japanese lacquer sprinkled with gold or silver powder), raden (mother-of pearl inlay work) and/or byokin (Chinese name of makie), and first-class products are extremely beautiful. | 種類として、平硯箱、重硯箱、浅硯箱などがある。 また裏梨子地、表蒔絵、螺鈿、描金などが施されることもあり、上手物は美麗をきわめる。 |
Suzuribako and fumidai (a writing desk) were sometimes produced in sets. | 文台と連作になるものもある。 |
Funabashi suzuribako produced by Koetsu HONAMI, which was produced independently, is the most luxurious one that has komori kabusebuta (overlapping lid whose central part is raised) and makie-byokin decoration. | 本阿弥光悦作の船橋硯箱は単独の作で、甲盛り被せ蓋、蒔絵描金の豪奢な代表であるとされる。 |
There used to be a practice under which a person showed a certain article to other persons by putting it on suzuribako or its lid. | 物品を人に見せ示すのに、硯箱に載せて、また蓋に載せて出す慣習もあった。 |
There is a description in 'Utsuho monogatari' (The Tale of Utsuho) saying 'When Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) requested paper, someone handed a piece of yellowish paper and a piece of white paper by putting them on the lid of suzuribako.' | 「宇津保物語」に、「中納言の君、紙もがなとの給へばきばみたる色紙一巻白き色紙一巻硯箱の蓋に入れて出されけり」とある。 |
Famous suzuribako Funabashi makie suzuribako: Japanese national treasure Yatsuhashi makie raden suzuribako: Japanese national treasure Kocho makie kake suzuribako: Japanese national treasure | 著名な硯箱 舟橋蒔絵硯箱 - 日本国宝 八橋蒔絵螺鈿硯箱 ｰ 日本国宝 胡蝶蒔絵掛硯箱 - 日本国宝 |
Tomoyuki KITABATAKE (1290 - July 20, 1332) was a Kugyo (the top court official) in the end of the Kamakura era. He was a son of Moroyuki KITABATAKE, branch family of the Kitabatake family of the Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan). | 北畠 具行（きたばたけ ともゆき、正応3年（1290年） - 正慶元年/元弘2年6月19日 (旧暦)（1332年7月12日））は、鎌倉時代末期の公卿。 北畠師行の子で、村上源氏北畠家の庶流にあたる。 |
Career of job grade Date = Chinese calendar Date unknown, conferred Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade). | 官職位階履歴 ※日付＝旧暦 年月日不詳、従五位下に叙位。 |
On May 1, 1301, he was appointed as Ume no kami (Chief of the Bureau of the Right Stables). On December 3, he was promoted to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade), retained his position as Ume no kami. | 1301年（正安3）、3月14日、右馬頭に任官。 10月24日、従五位上に昇叙し、右馬頭如元。 |
On April 28, 1302, he resigned Ume no kami. On May 23, he was appointed as Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Palace Guards). | 1302年（正安4）、3月22日、右馬頭を止む。 4月17日、左近衛少将に任官。 |
On February 26, 1306, he was promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), resigned Sakone no shosho. | 1306年（嘉元4）、1月5日、正五位下に昇叙し、左近衛少将を去る。 |
On February 13, 1310, he was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade). | 1310年（延慶 (日本)3）、1月5日、従四位下に昇叙。 |
On June 3, 1314, he was appointed as Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Palace Guards). On September 29, he was promoted to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), retained his position as Sakone no shosho. | 1314年（正和3）、4月12日、左近衛少将に任官。 8月11日、従四位上に昇叙し、左近衛少将如元。 |
On December 1, 1316, a leap-year, he resigned Sakone no shosho. | 1316年（正和5）、閏10月19日、左近衛少将を辞任。 |
On April 21, 1318, he was appointed as Ukonoe no chujo (Middle Captain of the Right Palace Guards). On December 22, he was promoted to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), retained his position as Ukonoe no chujo. | 1318年（文保2）、3月12日、右近衛中将に任官。 11月21日、正四位下に昇叙し、右近衛中将如元。 |
On certain month, dated 9 in 1319, he was appointed as Mimasaka no suke (Assistant Provincial Governor of Mimasaka) concurrently. On October 1, 1319, he was moved to Sakonoe no chujo (Middle Captain of the Left Palace Guards). | 1319年（文保3）、某月9日、美作介を兼任。 同年改元して元応元年8月9日、左近衛中将に遷任。 |
On February 5, 1321, Shonagon (Lesser Counselor) concurrently. | 1320年（元応2）、12月29日、少納言を兼任。 |
On September 13, 1321, Uemon no suke (Assistant Captain of the Right Gate Guards) concurrently. | 1321年（元亨元）、8月13日、右衛門佐を兼任。 |
On June 16, 1322, he was moved to Saemon no suke (Assistant Captain of the Left Gate Guards). Retained his position as Shonagon. On February 13, 1323, he resigned Shonagon. | 1322年（元亨2）、5月23日、左衛門佐に遷任。 少納言如元。 12月29日、少納言を辞任。 |
On February 26, 1323, he was moved to Ume no kami (Chief of the Bureau of the Right Stables). He resigned Saemon no suke (Assistant Captain of the Left Gate Guards). On May 12, Shonagon, concurrently. | 1323年（元亨3）、1月13日、右馬頭に遷任。 左衛門佐を去る。 3月29日、少納言を兼任。 |
On September 16, 1324, Settsu gonno kami (Senior Provincial Governor of Settsu) concurrently. On September 28, he was appointed as Kurodo no to (chief of the palace officer). Date unknown, he resigned Ume no kami. | 1324年（正中 (日本)元）、1月13日、摂津権守を兼任。 9月2日、蔵人頭に補任。 月日不詳、右馬頭を辞任。 |
On February 11, 1325, Sakonoe no chujo (Middle Captain of the Left Palace Guards), concurrently. He resigned Shonagon. On October 24, Shonagon concurrently. | 1325年（正中2）、1月19日、左近衛中将を兼任。 少納言を去る。 9月9日、少納言を兼任。 |
On March 31, 1326, he was appointed as Sangi (imperial adviser). Retained his position as Settsu gonno kami. On December 7, he was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and resigned Sangi. Date unknown, he resigned Settsu gonno kami and appointed as Iyo gonno kami (Senior Provincial Governor of Iyo) concurrently. On December 30, he was appointed as Sangi. | 1326年（正中3）、2月19日、参議に補任。 摂津権守如元。 11月4日、従三位に昇叙し、参議を辞す。 月日不詳、摂津権守を去り、伊予権守を兼任。 11月27日、参議に補任。 |
On February 12, 1329, he was promoted to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank), retained his position as Sangi. On February 20, he was appointed as Jiju (chamberlain) and Yamashiro gonno kami (Senior Provincial Governor of Yamashiro) concurrently. | 1329年（正中4）、1月5日、正三位に昇叙し、参議如元。 1月13日、侍従と山城権守を兼任。 |
On September 24, 1330, he was moved to Gon no chunagon (provisional middle councilor). | 1330年（元徳2）、8月4日、権中納言に転任。 |
On February 20, 1331, he was promoted to Junii (Junior Second Rank), retained his position as Gon no chunagon. Date unknown, he resigned Gon no chunagon. | 1331年（元徳3）、1月5日、従二位に昇叙し、権中納言如元。 月日不詳、権中納言を辞任。 |
On July 20, 1333, he was punished by decapitation. He was 43 years old. Burial place: Tokugen-in, Kiyotaki-ji Temple, Reitsu-zan (Kiyotaki, Maibara City, Shiga Prefecture) | 1333年（正慶元/元弘2）、6月19日、斬首。 享年43。 墓所：滋賀県米原市清滝の靈通山清瀧寺德源院 |
Suzuriarai (literally, washing ink stone) is an event carried out on July 6 in the lunar calendar in preparation for welcoming the Tanabata Star festival. It is a seasonal word used in early autumn. | 硯洗い（すずりあらい）とは、七夕を迎える準備として旧暦七月六日に行われる行事。 初秋の季語。 |
This event was intended to use for praying for improvement in study; children wash and purify their lesson materials which they used everyday in order to repay them for their work. | 学問の上達を祈る行事で、子供達が普段の手習いの道具を洗い清めて日ごろの労に報いるもの。 |
Besides the ink stone, things such as brushes and a desk, were included as lesson materials. | 手習いの道具は、硯に限らず筆や机なども含まれる。 |
This event is connected to Michizane SUGAWARA known as the god of learning, and it is assumed that the origin of the event were Shinto rituals of Kitano Tenmangu Shrine (Kyoto); leaves of mulberry paper are offered to an ink stone that had been washed and purified. | 学問の神として知られる菅原道真にまつわる行事であり、洗い清めた硯にカジノキの葉を添えて供えた北野天満宮（京都府）の神事がその原型であるとされる。 |
It is also known as 'Takara-dera Temple' and 'Daikoku Tenpo-ji Temple' as it also houses the 'uchide' and 'kozuchi' magic hammers that Emperor Shomu is said to have received from the dragon god in a dream. | 聖武天皇が夢で竜神から授けられたという「打出」と「小槌」（打出と小槌は別のもの）を祀ることから「宝寺」（たからでら）の別名があり、大黒天宝寺ともいう。 |
Cultural properties | 文化財 |
SOGA no Zentoko (year of birth and death unknown) was a person who was regarded as the eldest son of SOGA no Umako. He was the first official (tera no tsukasa) of Asuka-dera Temple (Hoko-ji Temple). | 蘇我 善徳（そが の ぜんとこ、生没年不詳）は蘇我馬子の長男とされる人物。 飛鳥寺（法興寺）の初代寺司（てらのつかさ、司長）。 |
The volume 22 of "Chronicles of Japan" states '推古四年(596年)冬十一月 法興寺造竟 則以大臣男善徳臣拝寺司 是日恵慈 恵聡二僧 始住於法興寺(冬十一月、法興寺 造り竟(おは)りぬ.則(すなは)ち大臣の男 善徳臣を以て寺司に拝す。是の日に、恵慈、恵聡、二の僧、始めて法興寺に住り。)' | 『日本書紀』巻第二十二には「推古四年（596年）冬十一月 法興寺造竟 則以大臣男善徳臣拝寺司 是日恵慈 恵聡二僧 始住於法興寺（冬十一月、法興寺 造り竟（おは）りぬ。則（すなは）ち大臣の男 善徳臣を以て寺司に拝す。是の日に、恵慈、恵聡、二の僧、始めて法興寺に住り。）」とある。 |
The age of SOGA no Emishi who appeared in the article of the volume 22 in 610 of "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) was 25 according to "Fuso Ryakki" (A Brief History of Japan). Because the age of Emishi in 596 was 11, Zentoko is assumed to have been the elder brother of Emishi. | 『日本書紀』巻第二十二、推古十八年（610年）の記事に現れる蘇我蝦夷の年齢は、『扶桑略記』の記述によると25歳となる。 推古四年における蝦夷の年齢は11歳となることから、善徳が蝦夷の兄と推定されている。 |
Oi-jinja Shrine is a shrine in Oi-cho, Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture. It is a shikinai-sha (shrine listed in the Engishiki (List of Official Shrines)), and its old shrine ranking is designated as a village shrine. | 大井神社（おおいじんじゃ）は、京都府亀岡市大井町にある神社である。 式内社で、旧社格は郷社。 |
It enshrines Kinomata no kami, Ichikishima-hime, and Tsukuyomi. It is worshipped as the god guarding the Oi-gawa River. | 木俣神・イチキシマヒメ・ツクヨミを祀る。 大堰川の鎮護の神として崇められている。 |
The current main building of the shrine was rebuilt in 1584, ordered by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, after it had burnt down in a fire caused by war. | 現在の社殿は、兵火で焼失した後、天正12年（1584年）に豊臣秀吉の命によって再建されたものである。 |
Festivals At the annual festival on October 16, kurabeuma (horse racing) is presented at the horse-riding grounds nearby and the shrine parishioners dress as samurai. | 祭事 10月16日の例祭では、隣接する馬場で武者姿の氏子による競馬（くらべうま）が奉納される。 |
Futodama is a god that appears in Japanese mythology. His name is written as 布刀玉命 (Futodama no Mikoto) in the Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), 太玉命 (Futodama no Mikoto) in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), and 天太玉命 (Ameno Futodama no Mikoto) in Kogoshui (History of the Inbe Clan). He is considered to be the main ancestor of the Inbe clan (忌部氏) (later the Inbe clan (斎部氏)). | フトダマは、日本神話に登場する神。 古事記では布刀玉命、日本書紀では太玉命、古語拾遺では天太玉命（あめのふとだまのみこと）と表記する。 忌部氏（後に斎部氏）の祖の一柱とされる。 |
Description in mythology His birth is not mentioned in the Kiki (the Kojiki and Nihonshoki), but in Kogoshui it is commented that he was a son of Takamimusubi. | 神話などでの記述 出自は記紀には書かれていないが、古語拾遺などではタカミムスビの子と記されている。 |
Explanation Along with Amenokoyane (ancestor, worshipped as a god, of the Nakatomi clan) he is a god of rituals. | 解説 アメノコヤネ（中臣氏の祖神）とともに祭祀を司どる神である。 |
According to the Kiki, Amenokoyane rather than Futodama, played a more important role at Iwatogakure (the hiding of Amaterasu Omikami in the heavenly rock cave). This reflects the power balance between the Inbe clan and the Nakatomi clan when the Kiki was written. According to Kogoshui written by INBE no Hironari of the Inbe clan, Futodama plays a more central role instead. | 岩戸隠れにおいて記紀ではフトダマよりもアメノコヤネの方が重要な役割をしている。 これは記紀が書かれた当時の斎部氏と中臣氏の力関係を反映している。 斎部氏の斎部広成が書いた古語拾遺では、逆にフトダマの方が中心的な役割を果たしている。 |
Worship He is worshipped as a god of divination and Shinto rituals. He is enshrined at Futodamanomikoto-jinja Shrine (Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture), Oasahiko-jinja Shrine (Naruto City, Tokushima Prefecture), Awa-jinja Shrine (Tateyama City, Chiba Prefecture) and Ohara -jinja Shrine (Kimitsu City, Chiba Prefecture). | 信仰 占いの神、神事の神として信仰されている。 太玉命神社（奈良県橿原市）、大麻比古神社（徳島県鳴門市）、安房神社（千葉県館山市）、大原神社（千葉県君津市）などで祀られている。 |
Hatsuni means shipping goods (products) from distribution bases including factories and warehouses to stores for the first time after the new year starts. | 初荷（はつに）とは、年が明けて、最初に工場や倉庫など物流拠点から販売店へ向けて商品（製品）が出荷されること。 |
Originally hatsuni took place on January 2 as well as the first sale of the year. However, today the first cargo of the new year is generally shipped on January 4 when public offices and many companies open for business. | 元々は、初売と同じく1月2日に行われていた。 だが、今日では官公庁や多くの企業で業務が開始される1月4日に、新年の初出荷が行われることが多い。 |
In the old days trucks ran with flags or long banners saying 'Hatsuni' in carrying hatsuni. But they have almost disappeared so far with consideration of the safety on the expressway and so on. | その際、昔は「初荷」と書かれた旗やのぼりをつけた貨物自動車が走っていた。 だが、高速道路などでの安全性の点から、現在ではほとんどなくなっている。 |
The To-ji school of the Shingon sect is a Buddhism school of the Shingon sect in Japan. | 真言宗東寺派は、日本における真言宗系の仏教宗派。 |
In 1963 the To-ji Temple and the To-ji school of the Shingon sect were split, and later the temples which supported the To-ji Temple became independent as the To-ji Shingon sect. | 1963年（昭和38年）に、東寺と真言宗東寺派が分裂したが、後に東寺を中心に活動しようとする寺院が東寺真言宗として独立した。 |
Ibi-no-sho Manor was a shoen (manor in medieval Japan) that existed in Mino Province during the Heian and Muromachi periods. It was an estate of the Sekkan-ke (the family which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor). | 揖斐荘（いびのしょう）は、平安時代～室町時代にかけて美濃国にあった荘園。 摂関家領。 |
Japanese mythology is a collection of myths that have been passed down in Japan. | 日本神話（にほんしんわ）とは日本に伝わる神話のことである。 |
In the early modern age, with an aim to interpret the Kojiki in detail, Norinaga MOTOORI from Ise Province wrote his masterpiece, "Kojikiden" (Commentaries on the Kojiki), and the "Nihon Shoki"-dominated mythology changed to "The Kojiki"-dominated mythology, and the trend continues to this day. | 近世になると、伊勢国出身の本居宣長が、古事記に対して本格的解明を目指し名著『古事記伝』を書き上げ、『日本書紀』優位の神話が一変して、『古事記』優位の神話が主体となり、現在にいたっている。 |
Furthermore, although small in number, myths unique to Japan can be seen in the preachings of Christianity as well as in the non-traditional religions of the end of the Edo period. | また、少数派ではあるものの、キリシタンや幕末の新興宗教の教説にも日本独自の神話がみられる。 |
With the above in mind, this article will include an explanation of Japanese mythology with a focus on 'Takamanohara Mythology' (Kiki mythology) mentioned in "The Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki." | 以上を踏まえた上で、この記事においては『古事記』、『日本書紀』などにより語られる「高天原神話」（記紀神話）に絞り、日本神話として解説を加えていくことにする。 |
With that in mind, 'Takamanohara Mythology' will be mentioned here merely as myth, or alternatively, from the view point of archeology and ethnology. | その上でここでは、あくまでも神話として、或いは民俗学・考古学上の観点から、「高天原神話」について述べることにしたい。 |
A party cabinet is a cabinet organized on the basis of political parties with seats in the parliament. It's also called a parliamentary cabinet system, where the cabinet exercises political power with parliamentary confidence. | 政党内閣（せいとうないかく）とは、議会に議席を保持する政党を基礎に組織された内閣のこと。 議院内閣制ともいい、議会の信任に基づいて政権を運営する。 |
Party cabinets in the world | 各国の政党内閣 |
Tokaido (or Umitsu-Michi) can mean: One of the Goki-Shichido, an ancient administrative area, on the Pacific Ocean side of central Honshu. | 東海道（とうかいどう、うみつみち） 五畿七道の一つで、本州太平洋側の中部を指す行政区分。 |
One of two highways that traverse the above-mentioned Tokaido region. | 五畿七道の東海道を通る幹線道路。 |
A highway that was built during the Ritsuryo period. | 律令制時代に整備されたもの。 |
A highway that was built during the Edo period. This highway was one of the Go-kaido (the collective name given to the five principal routes used during the Edo period). | 江戸時代に整備されたもの。 五街道の一つ。 |
Administrative division | 行政区画としての東海道 |
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