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S0014483520303961 | Integrins mediate adhesion of cells to substrates and maintain tissue integrity by facilitating mechanotransduction between cells the extracellular matrix and gene expression in the nucleus . Changes in integrin expression in corneal epithelial cells and corneal endothelial cells impacts their | Current knowledge on the expression and function of integrins in corneal health and disease is summarized. Integrins mediate adhesion of corneal epithelial and endothelial cells to their respective basement membranes. This is the first review to discuss similarities and differences in the integrins expressed by both ce... |
S0014483520303973 | Corneal dystrophies represent a heterogenous group of genetic diseases . The International Committee of Classification of Corneal Dystrophies distinguishes between 22 distinct forms of corneal dystrophy which are predominantly autosomal dominant although autosomal recessive and X chromosomal dominant and recessive patt... | Early and late clinical landmarks of corneal dystrophies. Classification of corneal dystrophies with regard to their clinical landmarks. Influence of the different penetrances of the gene on the clinical landmarks of corneal dystrophy. Corneal dystrophies with very low clinical progression. Corneal dystrophies with con... |
S0014483520303985 | Eyelid basal cell carcinoma is the most common eyelid malignancy . Metabolic reprogramming is critical in tumorigenesis but the metabolic feature of eyelid BCC remains elusive . In this study we aim to reveal the metabolic profile in eyelid BCC using targeted metabolomics . Eyelid samples were collected from patients w... | Using targeted metabolomics we reveal metabolic features in the most common eyelid malignancy basal cell carcinoma BCC . Eyelid BCC alters NAD metabolism glutathione metabolism polyamine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Metabolites in NAD pathways are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for eyelid BCC. |
S0014483520303997 | Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication of diabetes . Proliferative DR is a more advanced stage of DR which can cause severe impaired vision and even blindness . However the precise pathological mechanisms of PDR remain unknown . DNA methylation serves an important role in the initiation and progression of... | The present study was the first integrative analysis of DNA methylation alterations and gene expression differences in PDR. Numerous aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes were screened between PDR patients and healthy participants. 8 hub genes. were identified as potential diagnosis targets. |
S0014483520304048 | To examine the protective effects of Isoliquiritigenin in angiotensin II induced inflammation and fibrosis on Human Tenon s capsule Fibroblasts and Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages . This study also investigated the potential mechanism of action of ISL . Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to test ISL toxicity . An... | ISL reduced Angiotensin II mediated inflammation in MPMs and HTFs. ISL prevented inflammation by inhibiting NF B PPAR inflammatory pathway. ISL attenuated Angiotensin II induced fibrogenesis in HTFs. NF B PPAR may be a key target in conjunctival fibrosis after trabeculectomy. ISL may be the potential agent to cure conj... |
S001448352030405X | To compare disease severity in detail between patients carrying variants in exons 114 and ORF15 of retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator Systematic next generation sequencing data analysis Sanger sequencing validation and segregation analysis were utilised to identify the pathogenic variants . Detailed ophthalmic exami... | The paper described phenotypic variability in a large cohort of 86 Chinese patients from 77 unrelated families with mutations in. gene. We focused on comparing disease severity between variants in two predominant retinal. isoforms by assessing different retina function parameters in detail. At a given age patients with... |
S0014483520304061 | The central nervous system and the eye are involved in Human immunodeficiency virus related disease . Although optic nerve is considered an extension of the CNS it has not been systematically evaluated to determine if infections of brain can extend into the eye or vice versa . The brain and posterior compartment of eye... | First study to evaluate both ocular and CNS pathology in HIV AIDS for detecting opportunistic infections by multiplex PCR. Ocular manifestations were common in cases of NeuroAIDS even in the absence of clinical symptoms of ocular involvement. CSF PCR was more sensitive than vitreous PCR in detecting posterior chamber p... |
S0014483520304073 | The retina acts as an independent clock informing the central pacemaker the suprachiasmatic nucleus under environmental light conditions with consequences of such inputs for the central and peripheral nervous system . Differences in the behavior of the left and right retinas depending on environmental light conditions ... | The eyes are the only way of entering light information in mammals. Retinal neuropeptidergic function may modulate the information sent to brain hemispheres. Some retinal neuropeptides are regulated by AlaAP activity. Retinal AlaAP activity responds asymmetrically to changes in environmental light. Asymmetry in retinal... |
S0014483520304085 | To avoid negative environmental impacts of escapees and potential inter breeding with wild populations the Atlantic salmon farming industry has and continues to extensively test triploid fish that are sterile . However they often show differences in performance physiology behavior and morphology compared to diploid fis... | Increased prevalence of ocular cataracts in triploid Atlantic salmon. Modest transcriptional differences between diploid and triploid cataractous lenses. Retina associated genes were differentially affected. Ploidy influence ability to handle damaged proteins and protein turnover. Triploid lens may be more prone to oxi... |
S0014483520304097 | Due to the unique anatomical structure of the eye ocular drug delivery is a promising delivery route for the treatment of several ocular diseases such as the ocular neovascularization that contributes to diabetic retinopathy . This disease is triggered by inflammation retinal ischemia and or deposits of advanced glycat... | Surface functionalization improves the pass of gold nanoparticles across eye barriers. Hyaluronan enhances the biodistribution of gold nanoparticles through the retina. Gold nanoparticles show protective and antiangiogenic effects in retinal models. Hyaluronan enhances stability of gold nanoparticles in different media... |
S0014483520304103 | Over the past century corneal transplantation has become the most commonly performed allogeneic solid tissue transplantation . Although more than 80 of the corneal transplantations have favorable outcomes immune mediated rejection continues to be the major cause of failure in well over 50 of graft recipients that have ... | These animal models are essential tools to elucidate the fundamental immunological mechanisms that govern corneal allograft rejection. These animal models are critical for the development of efficacious therapeutic modalities to improve long term graft survival. These models also deeply increase our understanding of th... |
S0014483520304115 | Photoreceptor cells undergo changes with aging . It is unknown if their microtubules are stable or not with aging . This study examined photoreceptor cell ultrastructure from 18 human donor retinas and quantified the photoreceptors with altered microtubules over six to ninth decades in four defined retinal regions . In... | Human photoreceptor microtubules alter with aging. Rod microtubules alter significantly more than cone counterparts. There is sporadic loss of MAP 2 and tau from macular photoreceptors. Hyperphosphorylated tau is expressed widely in aged human retina. |
S0014483520304127 | Astrocytes are critical for the maintenance of retinal ganglion cell axonal function and viability and form a key component of the functional neurovascular unit . Recently we described the quantitative properties of astrocytes in relation to the capillary distributions in optic nerve laminar regions . Here we provide a... | Glia neuron ratios were uniform across the majority of laminar compartments for all animal species studied. Interspecies comparison at the lamina cribrosa yielded strikingly consistent glia neuron ratios. The density of astrocytes correlate with the density of axonal processes in accordance with functional requirements... |
S0014483520304139 | Elevated level of interleukin 17 predominantly produced by T helper 17cells has been implicated in diabetic retinopathy but it remains unclear whether IL 17 is involved in the pathogenesis of DR. Ins2 | Akita GKO mice were established by crossbreeding Ins2. mice with IFN deficient mice. Th17 cell differentiation is promoted in Akita GKO mice more than GKO mice. VEGF production and leukostasis to the retinal vessels are increased in Akita GKO mice compared with Akita mice. Retinal morphological and functional changes a... |
S0014483520304140 | Retinal vessels are at least in part involved in clearing of Fc terminus containing proteins from the vitreous . In vitro the Fc fusion protein aflibercept is transported through a monolayer of unchallenged immortalized bovine retinal endothelial cells mediated by the neonatal Fc receptor but part of the Fc fusion prot... | VEGF A enhances aflibercept s passage through a monolayer of retinal endothelial cells. Passage of aflibercept is not dependent on the FcRn under these conditions. Exogenously added VEGF A is internalized and degraded by retinal endothelial cells. Aflibercept prevents uptake of VEGF A by retinal endothelial cells early... |
S0014483520304152 | Claudin 19 is the major claudin in the tight junctions of the retinal pigment epithelium . Claudin 3 is also uniformly expressed albeit in lesser amounts . Besides modulating transepithelial diffusion claudins modulate gene expression . The absence of claudin 19 and claudin 3 in the RPE cell lines ARPE 19 and hTERT RPE... | We expressed claudin 19 and claudin 3 in two human RPE cell lines that lack it ARPE 19 and hTERT RPE 1. The formation of tight junctions was accelerated in ARPE 19 but tight junctions did not form in hTERT RPE 1. There were distinct effects on gene expression even though there is no apical junctional complex in hTERT R... |
S0014483520304243 | Inherited retinal degenerative disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome are characterized by progressive death of photoreceptor cells . To restore vision to patients blinded by these diseases a stem cell based photoreceptor cell replacement strategy will likely be required . Although retinal stem cell ... | Biomechanical analysis of ARPE 19 and human iPSC derived photoreceptor precursor cells. Microfluidic enrichment of human iPSC derived photoreceptor precursor cells. Label free microfluidic fractionation of human retinal cells to enrich primary photoreceptor cells. |
S0014483520304255 | In age related macular degeneration inflammatory events are presumed to contribute to disease development . A primary suspect of this contribution is the microglia the innate immune cell of the retina . In addition retinal pigment epithelium cells can be inflammatorily activated . In this study we investigate the effec... | Toll like receptor activation does not impede cell viability in retinal pigment epithelial cells and microglia. Toll like receptor agonists induce IL 6 in RPE and IL 1 and TNF in microglia. IL 8 is induced in both cell types. The supernatant of activated RPE cells reduce the secretion of TNF and of IL 8 in microglia. T... |
S0014483520304267 | confocal microscopy allows the evaluation of the living human cornea at the cellular level . The non invasive nature of this technique longitudinal repeated examinations of the same tissue over time . Image analysis of two dimensional time lapse sequences of presumed immune cells with and without visible dendrites at t... | Corneal immune cell dynamics can be assessed in humans using in vivo confocal microscopy. In vivo confocal microscopy can be used for time lapse imaging by using corneal nerves junctions as landmarks. Corneal cells without visible dendrites are highly dynamic in their human natural niche. |
S0014483520304279 | Accumulation of lipofuscin deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium is one of the main events involved in age related macular degeneration and its increase together with RPE dysfunction blood retinal barrier disruption and photoreceptors death progressively leads to blindness . Lipofuscin is the main autofluorescent ... | Acute light damage induces massive autofluorescence deposits accumulation in the rat retina. Preventive treatment with nanoceria inhibits autofluorescence deposits accumulation. Nanoceria promote removal of retinal autofluorescence deposits. |
S0014483520304371 | Tissue plasminogen activator has been shown to prevent steroid induced reduction in aqueous humor outflow facility via an upregulation in matrix metalloproteinase | Intraocular fibrinolytic pathway expression is unchanged in. mice. Outflow facility is not further reduced by steroids in. mice. Tissue plasminogen activator improves outflow facility in. mice. Tissue plasminogen activator enhances intraocular. expression in. mice. |
S0014483520304383 | Previously we developed TAT N24 as a synthetic cell permeable peptide inhibitor of p55PIK signaling and demonstrated its anti inflammatory effects . This study aimed to evaluate the potential of TAT N24 as a new agent for the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases . The endotoxin induced uveitis model was establishe... | TAT N24 is a synthetic cell permeable peptide inhibitor of p55PIK signaling. Topical administration of TAT N24 alleviated acute ocular inflammation in EIU model. Intraperitoneal injection of TAT N24 alleviated chronic ocular inflammation in EAU model. TAT N24 alleviated ocular inflammation by suppressing the production... |
S0014483520304395 | Homeostasis of the corneal epithelium is ultimately maintained by stem cells that reside in a specialized microenvironment within the corneal limbus termed palisades of Vogt . This limbal niche nourishes protects and regulates quiescence self renewal and fate decision of limbal epithelial stem progenitor cells toward c... | Salient features of limbal niche cells. HC HA PTX3 found in amniotic membrane and umbilical cord may serve as a surrogate matrix niche.for regenerative medicine in ophthalmology and beyond. |
S0014483520304401 | Myopia is a prevalent eye disorder especially among children and adolescents in eastern Asian countries . Multiple measures have already been taken to prevent and treat myopia including atropine and dopamine . However the serum metabolic picture of myopia has not yet been studied as a whole and remains largely unclear ... | Serological metabolic lipid changes discovered in myopic children and adolescents. Untargeted mass spectrometry revealed changes in 275 features and 33 pathways. Enriched pathways related with oxidative stress and dopamine receptor D2. |
S0014483520304413 | Mller cells represent a key element for the metabolic and functional regulation of the vertebrate retina . The aim of the present study was to test the feasibility of a new method for the in vivo detection and quantification of extrafoveal MC in human retina . We developed a new approach to isolate and analyse extrafov... | We developed a non invasive quantitative approach to detect and quantify extrafoveal Mller cells in vivo in human retina. The Mller cells imaging morphology disclosed a good matching with histologic analysis. The macular Mller cell density was of 42 000 9mm |
S0014483520304425 | Retinoblastoma is a childhood eye tumor caused by RB1 mutation . Though diagnosing RB is easier prognosticating RB is limited to examining the patient under anesthesia and imaging technique . The aim of the study is to find exosomal miRNA biomarkers to prognosticate RB . Exosomes were isolated from one control MIO M1 a... | Prognosticating RB is limited to examining the patient under anesthesia and imaging technique. Exosomes from the two RB cell lines and the Muller glial cell line were subjected to small RNA sequencing. A total of 9 miRNAs were validated in the cell lines and cell line derived exosomes. Two of the highly expressed RB sp... |
S0014483520304437 | Age related cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment or even blindness among the aged population globally . Long non coding RNA has been proven to be the potential regulator of ARC . The latest study reveals that maternally expressed gene 3 promotes the apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of multiple can... | MEG3 expression was up regulated in the age related cortical cataract ARCC lens capsules and positively correlated with the histological degree of ARCC. TP53INP1 knockdown alleviated H. induced lens turbidity. MEG3 promoted ARC progression by up regulating TP53INP1 expression through suppressing miR 223 and promoting P... |
S0014483520304449 | A significant proportion of research on the visual system focuses on general principles that apply to samples and or populations . Many questions however are more suited to the specific characteristics of an individual . The visual system like most systems of the body is extremely variable with respect to function and ... | All things equal even young healthy adults show large individual variation in visual parameters and function. For example. Peak macular pigment and lens optical density vary by over a factor of ten. Photostress recovery times vary by over a factor of eight. Visual range how far one can see varies by about 30 despite eq... |
S0014483520304450 | The study aimed to evaluate the intraocular pharmacokinetics and efficacy of aflibercept after subconjunctival injection in animal models for treating choroidal neovascularization associated with Age Related Macular Degeneration . New Zealand albino rabbits received aflibercept in one eye and the other eye was used as ... | A delivery system that could release aflibercept in the subconjunctival space for a longer period as well to protect it from the conjunctival clearance to avoid increased systemic exposure would be highly beneficial. The subconjunctival aflibercept could be a less invasive route for treating chorioretinal diseases. |
S0014483520304462 | Collagen fibers organized circumferentially around the canal in the peripapillary sclera are thought to provide biomechanical support to the sensitive tissues within the optic nerve head . Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a family of fibers in the innermost sclera organized radially from the scleral ca... | Radial fibers reduce lamina cribrosa displacement especially at elevated IOP. Radial fibers reduce the maximum tension in peripapillary sclera and retinal tissues. Radial and circumferential fibers together protect the ONH better than either alone. |
S0014483520304474 | Meibomian glands that are embedded in tarsal plates of human eyelids and sebaceous glands found in the skin including that of eyelids are two related types of holocrine glands that produce lipid rich secretions called meibum and sebum . Pervasive ocular disorders such as Meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye have bee... | A severe metabolic disorder affects lipid homeostasis in Meibomian glands and tears. Triglycerides TAG were 20x to 30x over the normal levels. The increase in TAG led to a decline in wax esters WE and cholesteryl esters CE . Free cholesterol in abnormal meibum was increased 3x over the normal levels. The disorder also ... |
S0014483520304486 | To determine whether the CD27 CD70 pathway plays a significant role in corneal allograft rejection by investigating the effect of blocking the CD27 CD70 pathway by anti CD70 antibody on corneal allograft survival . Orthotopic penetrating keratoplasty was performed using C57BL 6 donor grafts and BALB c recipients . Expr... | CD27 and CD70 were expressed in the rejected cornea. Anti CD70 antibody reduced allogeneic T cell reaction and prolonged corneal allograft survival. |
S0014483520304498 | Germinal peptide is being developed to treat corneal injuries . The purpose of this study was to investigate its effect on corneal epithelial cells | We studied the effect of germinal peptide GP on healing of alkali eye damage. Twenty and 40g ml GP significantly alleviated corneal opacity and edema. At 21d corneal neovascularization epithelial layers and inflammation were lower. GP increased rabbit corneal epithelial cell migration. GP may provide a novel topical ap... |
S0014483520304504 | Due to their very poor proliferative capacity the dysfunction of corneal endothelial cells can sometimes lead to incurable eye diseases that require corneal transplantation . Although many studies have been performed to reconstruct corneal endothelial cells corneal transplantation is still considered to be the establis... | We optimized the decellularization protocols for ultra thin and transparent Descemet stripping grafts from porcine eyes. We optimized the recellularization to produce a clear and homogeneously reseeded Descemet stripped endothelial tissue. The stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells were evenly spread and attached ... |
S0014483520304516 | Recent studies have shown that lactate coupled water flux is the underlying mechanism of the corneal endothelial pump which is highly dependent on the presence of bicarbonate . In this study we test the hypothesis that the increased intracellular pH pH | Effect of Bicarbonate free vs Bicarbonate Rich Ringer on Corneal Endothelial Lactate Production. Increased pHi in Bicarbonate. Intracellular Lactate Measurement by Laconic. Bicarbonate Rich Ringer Accelerates Lactate Production. |
S0014483520304528 | A sight threatening pterygium is a common ocular surface disorders identified by fibrovascular growth of the cornea and induced by variety of stress factors like ultraviolet exposure . However the genes involved in the etiopathogenesis of this disease is not well studied . Herein we identified the gene expression patte... | Expressions of KRT24 and MMP 9 are related to the pterygium progression. Extracellular matrix cell migration and angiogenesis induce the pterygium. UVB irradiation induced the upregulation of. and. 9 mRNAs. KRT24 was not expressed in human fibroblast cells. |
S001448352030453X | Increasing evidence points to inflammation as a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy . Choroidal inflammatory changes in diabetes have been reported and | Early Type 1 diabetes alters pericyte cells distribution in the inner choroid. The expression of VEGR2 decreases in the retina. Proliferation and reactivity of microglia occurs in the choroid and the retina. Choroidal thickness and vascular density do not change in early Type 1 diabetes. |
S0014483520304541 | Connectomics has demonstrated that synaptic networks and their topologies are precise and directly correlate with physiology and behavior . The next extension of connectomics is pathoconnectomics to map neural network synaptology and circuit topologies corrupted by neurological disease in order to identify robust targe... | The first ultrastructural pathoconnectome of a degenerating neural network. Rewiring of retinal networks occurs prior to complete loss of afferent input. Neurites extended by retinal neurons synapse with expected and novel partners. Novel gap junctions are formed by rod bipolar cells early retinal degeneration. |
S0014483520304553 | Lowering intraocular pressure is the most effective treatment of glaucoma however most of the current available glaucoma drugs target a single molecule . MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs that target a network of molecules . This study aims to investigate the role of miR 21 5p in regulating IOP and the mechanism of function... | The microRNA miR 21 5p regulates intraocular pressure through targeting conventional outflow pathway. It alters cell junction adhesion cytoskeletal dynamics and extracellular matrix turnover in conventional outflow cells. miR 21 5p potentially represents a new therapeutic strategy for glaucoma and a alternative to exis... |
S0014483520304565 | Retinopathy of prematurity is a potentially blinding condition caused by disruption of retinal vascularization and metabolism . This study aims to identify altered metabolites from plasma in patients with treatment requiring ROP compared with controls . An untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed to reveal the me... | A metabolomics analysis was performed in plasma of treatment requiring ROP. Altered plasma metabolites could be considered as potential biomarkers of treatment requiring ROP patients. Protein digestion and absorption and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis were the most enriched pathways. |
S0014483520304577 | Ultraviolet A light based photoactivation of riboflavin to induce corneal crosslinking and mechanical stiffening is now a well known treatment for corneal ectasia and Keratoconus that is being used in a topographically guided photorefractive intrastromal CXL procedure to treat low degrees of refractive errors . Alterna... | NLO CXL produces a detectable increase in mechanical stiffness in collagen hydrogels. Rapid NLO CXL using an enlarged focal volume produced increased mechanical stiffness and CAF intensity in ex vivo rabbit eyes. A custom built NLO CXL device was able to deliver an adjustable focal volume and produce crosslinking compa... |
S0014483520304589 | Prion diseases are invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorders that have gained much publicity due to their transmissible nature . Sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease is the most common human prion disorder with an incidence of 1 in a million . Inherited prion disorders are relatively rare and associated with mutations... | Prion protein PrP. is expressed in the anterior posterior segment of the eye. Absence of PrP. promotes endothelial to mesenchymal transition in TM cells. PrP. helps to maintain iron homeostasis in the anterior segment. Anterior segment maintains iron homeostasis independent of the retina. TGF2 and hepcidin form a posit... |
S0014483520304590 | Mesenchymal stromal cells with progenitor cell and immunological properties have been cultivated from numerous vascularized tissues including bone marrow adipose tissue and the corneal limbus of the eye . After observing mesenchymal cells as contaminants in primary cultures of vascular endothelial cells derived from th... | There is a resident population of mesenchymal stromal cells in the human choroid. Cultures established from the human choroidal stroma displayed a phenotype consistent with the accepted definition for MSC including the capacity for mesenchymal differentiation. Growth arrested choroidal MSC inhibit the proliferation of ... |
S0014483520304607 | Mechanical insult induced by intraocular pressure is likely a driving force in the disease process of glaucoma . This study aimed to evaluate regional displacements in human optic nerve head and peripapillary tissue in response to acute IOP elevations and their correlations with morphological characteristics of the pos... | ONH PPT displacement difference at IOP elevation was negatively correlated with PPT thickness. Radial displacement decreased in the ONH region anterior to and across LC but plateaued in the region posterior to LC. LC may reduce the posterior displacement of ONH during IOP elevation. |
S0014483520304619 | The involvement of leukocytes in the pathophysiology of DR has mostly examined the role of monocytes and neutrophils with little emphasis on other immune cell types . In this study we determined the systemic alterations in T cell subsets myeloid cell types NK cells and NKT cells in the streptozotocin mouse model of dia... | Retinal inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic retinopathy NKT cell frequency decreases in the peripheral blood. IFN secreting CD8 T cells increases in the bone marrow of diabetic mice. Loss of NKT cells enhances vascular permeability and leukostasis in diabetic retina. |
S0014483520304620 | Single cell RNA sequencing has revolutionized ocular gene expression studies . This technology has enabled researchers to identify expression signatures for rare cell types and characterize how gene expression changes across biological conditions such as topographic region or disease status . However sharing single cel... | Spectacle is a resource for exploring ocular single cell RNA sequencing datasets. Spectacle includes five datasets from the retina RPE and choroid. Spectacle facilitates interactive expression analyses on pre classified cell types. Spectacle is freely available at OcularGeneExpression.org singlecell. |
S0014483520304632 | We had previously found that M to L cone abundancy ratios in the chicken retina are correlated with vitreous chamber depth and refractive state in chickens eyes when they have normal visual exposure but not when they develop deprivation myopia . The finding suggests an interaction between cone abundancies and emmetropi... | The correlation of M to L cone ratios with axial length eyes was highly susceptible to changes in lighting parameters. Cone opsin expression was changed both by deprivation myopia and spectral filtering. Lighting parameters had a larger effect on opsins and deprivation myopia than expected. |
S0014483520304644 | Keratins are the forming units of intermediate filaments that provide mechanical support and formation of desmosomes between cells and hemi desmosomes with basement membranes for epithelium integrity . Keratin IF are polymers of obligate heterodimer consisting one type I keratin and one type II keratin molecules . Ther... | K3 K12 IF is the characteristics of cornea type epithelium differentiation in human. Rodent. allele is a pseudogene thus K5 K12 IF signified the murine corneal type epithelium differentiation. There are two populations of limbal stem cells that express K5 K14 or K8 K18 K19 IF. Missense keratin mutation is autosomal dom... |
S0014483520304656 | Claudin 3 an integral component of tight junction has recently been shown to be expressed in retinal ganglion cells retinal pigment cells and retinal vascular endothelial cells . However the role of claudin 3 in the development of the neural retina and its vessels remains undefined . This study aimed to investigate the... | Claudin h is required for normal development of neural retina and its vessels. Claudin h affects the density and the lumenization of the hyaloid vessels. Claudin h affects the lamination and the thickness of the neural retina. Claudin h affects the expression of atoh7 pcdh17 crx neurod1 insm1a and sox9b. Claudin h affe... |
S0014483520304668 | The processes involved in neurodevelopment and aging have not yet been fully discovered . This is especially challenging in premorbid or borderline situations of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s or glaucoma . The retina as part of the central nervous system can be considered the easiest and most accessibl... | Studies in healthy animals are essential to differentiate from premorbid situations. This study first demonstrates sex and age related influence in healthy rat retina. Different patterns of neuronal development and degeneration by sex. Neuroretinal degeneration by sex is detected from adulthood in Long Evans rat. Male ... |
S001448352030467X | To determine the roles of secretory phospholipase A2 IIa samples and tears were collected from patients with mild to severe non Sjogren s dry eye disease and normal controls . The IC samples were analyzed for transcription of sPLA Transcription of sPLA2 IIa was significantly increased in severe DED patients as compared... | sPLA2 IIa is upregulated in tears and ocular surface cells of DED patients. Upregulation is correlated with signs symptoms and other inflammatory biomarkers. sPLA2 IIa triggers more PGE2 release in compromised conjunctival epithelia cultures. sPLA2 IIa changes transcription of many inflammatory cytokines and chemokines... |
S0014483520304681 | Previously calcitriol has been demonstrated as a potential therapeutic agent for dry eye whilst its role on corneal epithelium death remains unclear . This study aims to investigate the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy on dry eye related scenario as well as the effect of calcitriol and its potential mechani... | Autophagy is highly activated in dry eye model. and. Autophagy plays a protective role in corneal epithelial cells against dry eye related apoptosis. Autophagy flux augmented by calcitriol further protects cornea epithelial cells from apoptosis. Vitamin D Receptor pathway correlates to the therapeutic effect of calcitr... |
S0014483520304693 | The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic role of Toll like receptors 2 and 4 expression in corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells of eyes with pellucid marginal degeneration compared to keratoconus patients and control subjects . A prospective case control study in 29 PMD eyes 109KC eyes and 72 h... | Corneal and conjunctival TLR2 TLR4 are overexpressed in eyes with PMD and KC. Both TLR2 TLR4 constitute important diagnostic biomarkers for eyes with PMD KC. The TLR2 TLR4 overexpression is correlated with the disease severity. TLR2 TLR4 overexpression in PMD KC were maintained in the follow up review. |
S001448352030470X | Cellular therapy with mesenchymal stem cells is emerging as an effective option to treat optic neuropathies . In models of retinal degeneration MSC injected in the vitreous body protects injured retinal ganglion cells and stimulate their regeneration however the mechanism is still unknown . Considering the immunomodula... | MSC protect retinal ganglion cells by paracrine signaling. Microglial degeneration is potentiated by MSC. Paracrine signaling by MSC shifts microglia to an anti inflammatory phenotype. |
S0014483520304711 | Three dimensional in vitro models are excellent tools for studying complex biological systems because of their physiological similarity to in vivo studies cost effectiveness and decreased reliance on animals . The influence of tissue microenvironment on the cells cell cell interaction and the cell matrix interactions c... | Three dimensional 3D in vitro models are excellent tools for studying complex biological systems. 3D organ models typically include relevant cell types and the microenvironment corresponding to that organ. Organotypic cultures organoids and 3D bioprinting are three major technologies commonly used for 3D in vitro model... |
S0014483520304723 | Degenerative ocular disorders like age related macular degeneration are associated with long term pro inflammatory signals on retinal pigment epithelial cells . In this study we investigated the effect of long term treatment of RPE cells with agonists of toll like receptor 3 TLR 4 and the pro inflammatory cytokine TNF ... | Long term activation of TLR 3 may reduce RPE viability. Long term pro inflammatory stimulation favors IL 8 and IL 6 secretion over IL 1 and TNF. TNF impedes RPE barrier function. Long term stimulation with LPS or TNF reduces RPE65 expression in primary RPE. |
S0014483520304759 | In the adult retina ramifying microglia interact with the outer plexiform layer monitoring the synaptic integrity between photoreceptors and post synaptic target cells . Microglia are reactive during photoreceptor diseases but their disease related function are not fully understood . Retinal explant cultures are model ... | Microglial cells are reactive in cultured porcine retina. Reactive Iba1 and CD11b immunolabeled microglia localize close to PSD95 immunolabeled photoreceptor terminals in the OPL. Coculture with ARPE cells increase the density of reactive microglia at the OPL. Microglia with dark cytoplasm localized at the OPL can be i... |
S0014483520304760 | This review details the current understanding of the mechanism of action and corneal effects of mitomycin C for prophylactic prevention of stromal fibrosis after photorefractive keratectomy and includes discussion of available information on dosage and exposure time recommended for MMC during PRK . MMC is an alkylating... | Mitomycin C MMC is an alkylating agent with DNA crosslinking activity. MMC inhibits DNA replication and cellular proliferation. MMC inhibits the development of mature myofibroblasts that cause stromal scarring fibrosis. MMC has been found to produce little if any corneal toxicity when used as adjuvant treatment in PRK. |
S0014483520304772 | Oxidative damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells is considered to be a crucial pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration . Although dysregulation of the DNA repair system has been found in RPE cells of AMD patients the detailed molecular mechanisms of this dysregulation and their relationship with the intrao... | High deacetylation of E2F1 depends on Sirt1 in oxidative stress adapted RPE cells. Deacetylated E2F1 promotes the pentose phosphate pathway through activating the E2F1 HMGA1 G6PD axis. IL 6 induces the phosphorylation of Sirt1 and inhibits its deacetylase activity by activating PI3K AKT mTOR signaling. IL 6 induced ace... |
S0014483520304796 | The causes of vitreous humor liquefaction remain unclear . Diabetes accelerates this process and other ocular diseases . The weakening of the blood retina barrier observed with diabetes could enhance the rate of transfer of relatively small molecules such as glucose and phospholipids from the retina to the VH . Glucose... | The levels of glucose and phospholipids were significantly higher in vitreous humor from diabetics compared to non diabetics. The migration of phospholipids from the lens into the vitreous humor is significant lower relative to that from the retina. Wepropose that the higher abundance species in the posterior VH causes... |
S0014483520304802 | We are reporting for the first time the synthesis and application of an innovative nanometric system for the controlled topic release of melatonin in the retina . The ethylcellulose nanocapsules were characterized by diverse physicochemical techniques and an in vitro release study was done . A complete ex vivo and in v... | Eye neuroprotective effect of melatonin loaded polymeric nanocapsules. New drug delivery of melatonin through topical application. Efficient neuroprotection in a retinal degeneration model. Show efficient permeation and low irritation in an eye regeneration model. |
S0014483520304814 | Retinal signaling under dark adapted conditions is perturbed during early diabetes . Additionally dopamine the main neuromodulator of retinal light adaptation is diminished in diabetic retinas . However it is not known if this dopamine deficiency changes how the retina responds to increased light or dopamine . Here we ... | Early diabetes causes retinal deficits in neuronal signaling. These deficits include decreased bipolar cell inhibition and dopamine release. Diabetes deficits increase dark and light adapted retinal ganglion cell excitation. Neuronal signaling changes are not a result of loss of neurons. These changes could lead to ove... |
S0014483520304838 | The aim of this study was to elucidate the intracellular sources of oxidant species the antioxidant response as well as the main signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the redox balance in the primary visual cortex of rats subjected to an experimental glaucoma model . | The primary visual cortex is target of oxidative damage and both lipids and proteins are vulnerable. NOX4 is a source of ROS in glaucoma contributing to the pro oxidant environment. Glaucoma alters brain GSH GSSG ratio by impairment of GSH synthesis and recycling. iNOS is a source of NO in glaucoma due to NF kB translo... |
S001448352030484X | In chicks the diurnal patterns of retinal dopamine synthesis and release are associated with refractive development . To assess the within day patterns of dopamine release we assayed vitreal levels of DOPAC using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection at 4 h intervals over 24h in eyes wit... | DOPAC is initially reduced under all visual conditions that alter growth rate. The diurnal rhythm in DOPAC is retained under conditions altering eye growth. DOPAC is reduced during the day and the night under visual conditions altering eye growth. |
S0014483520304851 | Elevated intraocular levels of angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor have been implicated the development of diabetic retinopathy . Over a decade of clinical evidence shows intravitreal injection of anti VEGF agents is associated with decreased disease progression and preservation of vision . ... | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF plays a crucial role in retinal disease. Anti VEGF drugs are the mainstay of treatment for retinal vascular disease. The short half life of drugs in the eye requires frequent dosing. A solid porous substrate of hydroxyapatite HAp has a strong binding affinity for VEGF. Hydroxyapa... |
S0014483520304863 | In vivo corneal keratocytes reside within a complex 3D extracellular matrix consisting of highly aligned collagen lamellae growth factors and other extracellular matrix components and are subjected to various mechanical stimuli during developmental morphogenesis fluctuations in intraocular pressure and wound healing . ... | This review highlights how ECM structure and mechanics regulate the behavior of corneal keratocytes. Changes in ECM stiffness regulate myofibroblastic transformation of keratocytes in 2D and 3D culture. Topographical cues can modulate the patterning and differentiation of cultured keratocytes. Rho GTPase activity often... |
S0014483520304875 | Corneal stromal keratocytes contribute to the maintenance of corneal transparency and shape by synthesizing and degrading extracellular matrix . They are quiescent in the healthy cornea but they become activated in response to insults from the external environment that breach the corneal epithelium with such activation... | Activation of keratocytes by insults induces their transformation into fibroblasts. Corneal fibroblasts act as sentinel cells that sense various external stimuli. They selectively recruit inflammatory cells after injury infection or allergy. They interact with microbes and inflammatory cells during corneal infection. T... |
S0014483520304887 | One of the major public health issues is the rising prevalence of cataracts a primary reason for preventable blindness . The causes for the development of age related cataracts and accelerated cataractogenesis in diabetes are multifactorial . Hence this study was designed to examine the status and relationship between ... | Nuclear cataract was more predominant in both diabetic and non diabetic subjects. Lipid peroxidation in age related cataracts is independent of diabetes. Only the presence of diabetes augmented plasma advanced glycation index. Disease free aging and controlled diabetes activated the polyol pathway equally. |
S0014483520304899 | The cornea is a highly specialized transparent tissue located at the anterior most surface of the eye . It consists of three main layers the outer stratified squamous epithelium the inner endothelium and the intermediate stroma . Formation of these layers during development involves a complex interaction between ectode... | Corneal development depends on bi directional signaling between the overlying head ectoderm and the periocular mesenchyme POM . The POM is comprised of neural crest cells NCC and mesoderm derived progenitor cells. Regulation of corneal epithelial cell fate and stratification has been shown to depend on numerous bi dire... |
S0014483520304905 | NADPH oxidases are activated in ischemic conditions leading to increases in reactive oxygen species and neurotoxicity . The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of NOX in the development of retinal pathologies associated with excitotoxicity and the evaluation of NOX inhibitors as putative therapeutic ag... | NADPH oxidases NOX mediate AMPA induced toxicity. NOX1 inhibition reduces AMPA induced macro microglial activation and cell death. NOX4 inhibition reverses AMPA induced oxidative damage macro microglial activation. NOX as therapeutic targets of retinal neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. |
S0014483520304917 | Animal models have demonstrated a link between dysregulation of the retinal dopamine system and the development of experimental myopia . However pharmacological investigations of dopamine in animal models rely heavily on intravitreal or systemic administration which have several limitations for longer term experiments ... | Dopamine eye drops inhibit deprivation myopia in a dose dependent manner in chicks. Drops avoid the risks associated with intravitreal injections in chronic treatment. When dose adjusted eye drops were 312 as effective as intravitreal injections. Dopamine similarly inhibits deprivation myopia when chemically modified d... |
S001448352030498X | Aerobic exercise has been shown to play a crucial role in preventing neurological diseases and improving cognitive function . In the present study we investigated the effect of treadmill training on retinal ganglion cells following optic nerve transection in adult rats . We exercised the rats on a treadmill for 5d week... | Treadmill exercise increases ganglion cell GC survival at 7 days postaxotomy. Treadmill exercise increases BDNF levels in axotomized eyes. Blocking BNDF signaling abolishes the protection of GCs afforded by exercise. Exercise can rescue GCs in axotomized eyes by upregulating BDNF expression. |
S0014483520304991 | The cannabinoid signaling system regulates intraocular pressure in the mouse via a complex system that includes three receptors CB1 GPR18 and GPR119 . In each case activating the receptor lowers IOP but CB1 receptors are found both at sites of aqueous humor inflow and outflow . As such knockout mice for any of these re... | Cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation and antagonism can each lower ocular pressure. CB1 antagonism appears to be dominant in terms of its effects on ocular pressure. Both CB1 antagonists and negative allosteric modulators can lower ocular pressure. Unlike CB1 agonist effects CB1 antagonist action is not sex dependent. |
S0014483520305005 | The photopic negative response of the electroretinogram reflects retinal ganglion cell function and consequently aids diagnosis of optic nerve diseases including glaucoma . In this study we assessed the efficacy of stimulation parameters for electroretinographic recordings of the multifocal photopic negative response f... | Multifocal photopic negative response mfPhNR reflects retinal dysfunction. Fast mfPhNR protocols outperform slower protocols in the glaucoma detection. MfPhNR recordings might serve as surrogate marker of ganglion cell damage. |
S0014483520305017 | The cornea is a highly innervated tissue exhibiting a complex nerve architecture distribution and structural organization . Significant contributions over the years have allowed us to come to the current understanding about the corneal nerves . Mechanical or chemical trauma infections surgical wounds ocular or systemic... | Corneal nerve impairment after disorders or secondary to refractive surgery can lead to nerve dysfunction. There is not necessarily a correspondence between signs and symptoms of corneal nerve injury. The neural remodeling following refractive surgery is complex and can differ according to the laser technique. |
S0014483520305029 | High intraocular pressure is the most common risk factor associated with glaucoma in humans . While lowering IOP is effective at reducing the rate of retinal ganglion cell loss to date no treatment exists to directly preserve these cells affected by damage to the optic nerve . Recently histone deacetylase 3 has become ... | Conditional knockout of. does not protect against RGC death or axon degeneration in the DBA 2J mouse glaucoma model. Selective inhibition of HDAC3 activity confers mild protection against RGC loss in the DBA 2J mouse model of glaucoma. |
S0014483520305078 | It is reported that Ischemia and reperfusion damage can lead to retinal ganglion cell death and neurodegeneration which in turn can lead to irreversible vision loss . In this study we sought to understand the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol the important activator of sirtuin1 on RGC survival in I R damage model a... | Retinal I R injury causes damage to both RGCs and their axons. SIRT1 and JNK protein can interact with each other. Resveratrol protected rat RGC axons damage by inhibiting phosphorylation of JNK proteins through SIRT1. |
S001448352030508X | The meninges not only surround the brain and the spinal cord but also the optic nerve . Meningeal derived extracellular matrix is a crucial component of the pial basement membrane glia limitans and important for maintenance of optic nerve axon integrity homeostasis and retinal ganglion cell health . To get closer insig... | 1273 proteins found in sheep optic nerve subarachnoid space pia arachnoid dura . 1143 matches between sheep and human proteins using bioinformatic analysis. Major proteins found included collagens laminins and hyaluronan binding proteins. Verification in meningothelial cell culture and human optic nerve samples perform... |
S0014483520305091 | Long noncoding RNA potassium voltage gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand antisense transcript 1 takes part in diabetic cataract progression . This research aims to analyze the function and mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 on viability migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition in lens epithelial cells . 20 dia... | KCNQ1OT1 expression was increased in diabetic cataract tissues and high glucose treated SRA01 04 cells. KCNQ1OT1 regulated cell viability migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition by targeting miR 26a 5p. ITGAV promoted cell viability migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition in high glucose treated SRA01 0... |
S0014483520305108 | Choroidal all trans retinoic acid may play a key role in the control of postnatal eye growth in a variety of vertebrates through modulation of scleral extracellular matrix synthesis and may therefore play a crucial role in the development of myopia . In the chick eye choroidal atRA synthesis is exclusively regulated by... | Choroidal retinoic acid synthesis plays a role in postnatal ocular growth control. Retinoic acid synthesis is regulated by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 is expressed by a novel choroidal cell type. Proliferation of this novel cell type regulates choroidal retinoic acid synthesis. |
S001448352030511X | The aim of this study is to analyze the concentrations of cytokines in tear of hospitalized COVID 19 patients compared to healthy controls . Tear samples were obtained from 41 healthy controls and 62 COVID 19 patients . Twenty seven cytokines were assessed interleukin 1b IL 1RA IL 2 IL 4 IL 5 IL 6 IL 7 IL 8 IL9 IL 10 I... | Hyperinduction of proinflammatory cytokine plays an important role in the disease progression of patients infected with SARS CoV 2. Tear levels of cytokines are increased in COVID 19 patients. |
S0014483520305121 | Ongoing research using cell transplantation and viral mediated gene therapy has been making progress to restore vision by retinal repair but targeted delivery and complete cellular integration remain challenging . An alternative approach is to induce endogenous Mller glia to regenerate lost neurons and photoreceptors a... | Intravitreal injection of extracellular vesicles can induce proliferation. In vivo screen identified 12 sources of extracellular vesicles capable of inducing proliferation. Extracellular vesicles from C6 cells promote Mller glia derived proliferation. Extracellular vesicles from C6 cells induce Ascl1a expression. |
S0014483520305133 | Reactive oxygen species normally play an important physiological role in health regulating cellular processes and signal transduction . The amount of ROS is usually kept in fine balance with the generation of ROS largely being offset by the body s antioxidants . A tipping of this balance has increasingly been recognise... | Reactive oxygen species play a major role in the pathogenesis of a variety of retinal diseases. This review summarises our current understanding of oxidative stress and its effect on a variety of retinal diseases. Minimising oxidative stress can prove to be crucial in preventing disease occurrence or progression. |
S0014483520305145 | Bio engineering technologies are currently used to produce biomimetic artificial corneas that should present structural chemical optical and biomechanical properties close to the native tissue . These properties are mainly supported by the corneal stroma which accounts for 90 of corneal thickness and is mainly made of ... | During development mesenchymal cells invade the organized acellular corneal stroma and further produce the cellular stroma. Collagen liquid crystal properties permit producing transparent matrices with collagen I fibrils and plywood organization. Other approaches include recombinant collagen cross linkers compressed co... |
S0014483520305157 | Transient potential receptor vanilloid 4 is an ion channel responsible for sensing osmotic and mechanical signals which in turn regulates calcium signaling across cell membranes . TRPV4 is widely expressed throughout the body and plays an important role in normal physiological function as well as different pathologies ... | TRPV4 is expressed in various cells and tissues of the eye. TRPV4 is mechanosensor and regulates ion and water homeostasis in the eye. TRPV4 modulates intraocular pressure and involved in glaucoma. TRPV4 is implicated in ischemia induced neovascularization and diabetic retinopathy. |
S0014483520305169 | The transforming growth factor beta plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of some ophthalmologic diseases including neovascular age related macular degeneration and proliferative vitreoretinopathy . TGFB activates the transcription factors SMAD2 and SMAD3 via the TGFB receptor which together activate several gene... | miR 302d and miR 93 are capable of inhibiting TGFB mediated VEGFA secretion from ARPE 19 cells by directly targeting TGFBR2 as well as VEGFA. Both miRNAs can prevent TGFBinduced EMT of ARPE 19 cells in vitro mainly by inhibiting TGFBR2 at the transcriptional and translational level. Both miRNAs can revert TGFB induced ... |
S0014483520305236 | The dog is an important animal model for tear dysfunction diseases however to date the electrolyte composition of the dog s tears is unknown . The aim of this study was to analyze the electrolyte content of canine tears and compare it to serum and plasma . Tear samples were collected from 18 eyes of 9 dogs . Blood for ... | The dog is an important animal model for tear dysfunction diseases. This is a first report of electrolyte composition in canine tears and its comparison to serum and plasma. Establishing the electrolyte parameters in canine tears may help with further studies of corneal surface disease |
S0014483520305248 | Cannabinoids are part of an endogenous signaling system found throughout the body including the eye . Hepler and Frank showed in the early 1970s that plant cannabinoids can lower intraocular pressure an effect since shown to occur via cannabinoid CB1 and GPR18 receptors . Endocannabinoids are synthesized and metabolize... | Endocannabinoid metabolizing enzymes and transporters may offer an attractive target to regulate ocular pressure. Blocking either of the hypothesized endocannabinoid transporters lowers ocular pressure. Fatty acid amide hydrolase FAAH appears to play a complex sex and time dependent role in regulating endocannabinoids.... |
S001448352030525X | Neovascularization is a critical process in the pathophysiology of neovascular eye diseases . Although anti VEGF therapy has achieved remarkable curative effects complications limited efficacy and drug resistance remain the prominent problems . DCZ3301 an aryl guanidino compound was reported to have anti tumor activity... | DCZ3301 retards the proliferation migration and tube formation of HUVECs. DCZ3301 inhibits choroid microvascular sprouting. DCZ3301 diminishes the area of corneal neovascularization after alkali burn in mice. DCZ3301 induces spontaneous apoptosis of HUVECs by suppressing the activation of PI3K AKT and ERK1 2 pathways. |
S0014483520305261 | Glaucoma is still a poorly understood disease with a clear need for new biomarkers to help in diagnosis and potentially offer new therapeutic targets . We aimed to determine if the metabolic profile of aqueous humor as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows the distinction between primary open ang... | Aqueous humor metabolomics achieved AUC 0.93 between glaucoma patients and controls. Aqueous humor shows neural protection and damage happen simultaneously in glaucoma. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy distinguishes glaucoma patients and controls. |
S0014483520305273 | Antibiotic resistance is increasing even in ocular pathogens therefore the interest towards antiseptics in Ophthalmology is growing . The aim of this study was to analyze the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy and the in vitro effects of an ophthalmic formulation containing hexamidine diisethionate 0.05 polyhexamethylene ... | Topical antibiotic overuse increases microbial resistance. Therefore the interest towards antiseptics is growing. Keratosept ophthalmic solution showed a good antimicrobial activity in vitro. Keratosept showed low toxicity on corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. |
S0014483520305285 | Corneal opacities affect vision for millions of individuals worldwide . Fibrotic scar tissues accumulate in reaction to inflammatory responses and remain permanently in corneal stroma and conventionally correctable only by donor corneal transplantation . Numerous studies have explored innovative approaches to reverse c... | Corneal scarring of Tg Col3a1 EGFP DJ124Gsat mice was similar as wildtype mice. EGFP expression was aligned with. upregulation after corneal injuries. EGFP expressing cells and fluorescent intensity were correlated to corneal scarring. Tg COL3a1 EGFP DJ124Gsat mice allow real time assessment of corneal scarring. |
S0014483520305297 | Previous studies have reported that endothelial to mesenchymal transition contributes to pathological fibrosis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy . The hypothesis of our study was that exosomes from high glucose treated ARPE19cells reprogram endothelial cell behavior in HG conditions by transferring their genetic co... | ARPE19 cells release exosomes in high glucose condition. Exosomes from high glucose treated ARPE19 cells modulate phenotypes of HUVECs. Exosomal miR 202 5p regulates the TGF signaling pathway by targeting TGFR2. |
S0014483520305303 | Myofibroblasts are alpha smooth muscle actin cells that have a critical role in the corneal stromal response to infections injuries and surgeries and which produce corneal scarring fibrosis when they develop in excess . These contractile and opaque cellsproduce large amounts of disordered extracellular matrix and devel... | Myofibroblasts are the major contributor to corneal fibrosis after injury or infection. Myofibroblasts are dependent on TGF beta 1 or 2 for development and survival. Corneal myofibroblasts are derived from keratocyte and fibrocyte derived precursors. Myofibroblasts derived from different precursors have differential ge... |
S0014483520305327 | The prevalence of nonsense mutations as a class within genetic diseases such as inherited retinal disorders presents an opportunity to develop a singular common therapeutic agent for patients whose treatment options are otherwise limited . We propose a novel approach to addressing IRDs utilizing Eukaryotic Ribosome Sel... | ELX 01 and ELX 06 induce read through of the. nonsense mutation. effects translated to. production of melanin in albino mouse eye. Results establish exposure range for developing a sustained release IVT formulation. |
S0014483520305339 | Retina one of the highest oxygen demanding tissues is vulnerable to vascular insufficiencies and various ocular vascular disorders can cause chronic retinal ischemia . To investigate the pathophysiology rodent models developed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion have been utilized . However mice lack posterior... | A mouse model for retinal hypoperfusion injury was established. Unilateral common carotid artery occlusion induces ischemia in the ipsilateral retina. Delayed perfusion and upregulation of. were persistent 4 weeks after the occlusion. Inner retinal thinning became remarkable 10 weeks after the occlusion. |
S0014483520305352 | The Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy is a rare disease caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations . Beside primary mutations the effect of secondary mtDNA mutations in still unclear . We examined the effect of secondary mtDNA mutations on secondary structure of different mitochondrial RNAs . Whole mitochondrial genome seq... | LHON patients have secondary mutations of mitochondrial RNA genes. Some mutations significantly influence secondary and 3D structure of mitochondrial RNAs. There is a correlation between structural rRNA changes and mutations pathogenicity. Effect of described mutations was modeled for the first time in this study. Clin... |
S0014483520305364 | To describe the location and morphometric characteristics of the human limbal lymphatic vasculature and its relation to the marginal corneal vascular arcades . confocal microscopic imaging and immunofluorescence double staining for CD 31 and D2 40 of histological en face sections using 12 preserved human cadaveric corn... | Confocal microscopy lacks validation to image the limbal lymphvasculature. Correlating confocal and immunofluorescence microscopy validates lymphatic imaging. We describe en face morphological parameters to reliably identify limbal lymphatic vessels using confocal microscopy. |
S0014483520305376 | We aimed to investigate the associations among lens epithelium telomere length cataract types and systemic pro senescence factors in patients with age related cataract . In this prospective study the general demographic factors body mass index smoking history depression hypertension diabetes various psychological measu... | LOCS III nuclear opacity score but not cortical or posterior subcapsular score was influenced by systemic factors. LOCS III scores were positively associated with maximum lens densities. With lens epithelium telomere length reduction average lens density decreased significantly. Association of lens epithelium telomere ... |
S001448352030539X | Glaucoma is characterized by the neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve . Numerous studies have reported that S100A4 participates in the metastasis of tumor cells and nerve protection . This study was intended to explore the role of S100A4 on RGCs under retinal ischemia reperfusion injury in mi... | The neuroprotective effects of S100A4 on RGCs were reported for the first time. Overexpressed S100A4 inhibited the damage of retinal function induced by retinal ischemia reperfusion injury. The neuroprotection of overexpressed S100A4 achieved by activating Akt signaling and then inhibiting the apoptosis of cells. |
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