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3,100 | William Blake drew and painted illustrations for John Milton 's nativity ode On the Morning of Christ 's Nativity between 1803 and 1815 . A total of 16 illustrations are extant two sets of six watercolours each , and an additional four drawings in pencil . The dating of the sets is unknown , as is Blake 's intended sequence for the illustrations . The two sets of watercolours are known as the Butts set and the Thomas set , after their respective patrons , or as the Huntington set and the Whitworth set after the Huntington Library and the Whitworth Art Gallery , which now hold the sets in their collections . Provenance There is little record of the provenance of the Thomas set or the Butts set before 1852 and 1872 , which has led to disputes about the dating . What is known is that the Thomas set was commissioned by the Reverend Joseph Thomas , who had also commissioned illustrations to Milton 's Comus and Paradise Lost from Blake . No contract for the commission is extant , but the commissioning probably took place in 1809 , which is the year in which the illustrations were completed . Blake was eager to accept the commission , according to G. E. Bentley , because Milton illustrations were a kind of work which Blake could not resist . They presumably stayed in the Revd Thomas 's family until they were bought at Sotheby 's from an anonymous seller in 1872 . By 1876 they were in the collection of J.E. Taylor , who gave them to the Whitworth in 1892 . Even less is known about the dates of composition for the Butts set between 1811 and 1820 , Blake created at least thirty three designs for Thomas Butts , which included the illustrations of On the Morning of Christ 's Nativity . Later , they passed from Butts to his son , who sold them at Sotheby 's in 1852 , passed through several more hands , were sold at Christie 's in 1912 , and in 1916 were sold to Henry Huntington . Dating and sequence The illustrations themselves do not make the dating any unk the edges of the Thomas set were trimmed before sale at Sotheby 's , leaving 18 or 180 on most of the sheets . Only The Night of Peace bears the full date of 1809 . The Butts set is entirely unk dates from 1803 to 1817 have been proposed for it . Behrendt argues that the Butts set predates the Thomas set by six years , and Collins Baker and R.R. Wark place it in 1809 , but earlier than the Thomas set . The sequence of the illustrations is also a topic of scholarly dispute the mountings of the Thomas set were inscribed on their backs with numbers 1 6 , but these were added during or after the 1872 Sotheby 's sale , and so are unlikely to follow Blake 's intended order . This original order ran thus The Descent of Peace The Annunciation to the Shepherds The Flight of Moloch The Old Dragon The Overthrow of Apollo and the Pagan Gods The Night of Peace Geoffrey Keynes placed them in 1 6 2 3 4 5 order , so that The Night of Peace followed The Descent of Peace , because of their similar subjects . Butlin , and nearly all subsequent scholars , have rejected this , as much commentary has centered upon Blake 's use of similar images to frame the sequence . Butlin instead rearranges the original sequence as 1 2 4 5 3 6 , moving The Flight of Moloch to second to last , so that it matches the order of corresponding verses in Milton 's poem . Dunbar also follows Butlin 's order . Behrendt adopts a 1 2 5 3 4 6 order , seeing a thematic progression from the destruction of classical aesthetics , to the old testament cruelty of Moloch ( who resembles Blake 's Urizen ) , to Satan himself . This order is followed by Werner in her Blake 's Vision of the Poetry of Milton . Analysis Blake 's literary debt to Milton is key to understanding his illustrations of the earlier poet 's writings . In general , Milton a Poem is a guide to Blake 's idea of Milton that he possessed true spiritual vision , but fell by his adherence to the moralistic and repressive tenets of puritanism and by his preference for the cruel and distant Jehovah of the Old testament over the redemptive figure of Christ . In that regard the Nativity Ode is to Blake the rebirth of Milton 's poetry into the creative imagination of Christ . Blake also sees a return to prophetic , Christian ideals of poetry , rather than the pagan classical aesthetic represented in The Overthrow of Apollo and the Pagan Gods by the figure of Apollo , who is modeled on the Apollo Belvedere . Blake 's prophetic book Europe a Prophecy was especially influenced by On the Morning of Christ 's Nativity . In that poem , the messianic Orc , a symbol of pure creative energy , rises against the repressive institutions of Church and state . Orc is part of a doomed unk his rebellion is inevitably countered by the increased institutional repression of Urizen . Europe in that light is seen as a pessimistic parody of Milton 's poem . Orc is often associated with fire , and the closest parallel with him is found in The Flight of Moloch , where a child is about to be given to the god of sacrifice . The similarity of the orifice that frames the child to the shape of the stable in the other illustrations underscores the purpose of Christ 's birth , and foreshadows the harrowing of hell . The illustrations emphasize the simultaneous occurrence of the events they depict by the presence of the stable in almost every image , and by framing the set with two very similar images that focus on the peaceful victory of Christ over darkness . The Descent of Peace also has neo platonic unk it represents the descent of the soul into the body , which is symbolized by the cramped stable . Table of Illustrations The order followed here is that given by Butlin .
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3,101 | Route 64 is a 0 . 32 mile ( 0 . 51 km ) long state highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey . It is a state maintained bridge over Amtrak and New Jersey Transit 's Northeast Corridor line in West Windsor . Route 64 begins at an intersection with County Route 526 and County Route 571 in West Windsor . It heads along the bridge to an intersection with County Route 615 , where Route 64 ends . County routes 526 and 571 , which are unofficially concurrent with Route 64 , continues to Hightstown . Route 64 was designated originally as an alignment of Route 31A , a spur off of State Highway Route 31 ( currently U.S. Route 206 ) from Princeton eastward to Hightstown , where it met State Highway Route 33 . The state planned on turning the alignment into a full fledged expressway for several decades , including constructing the alignment that Route 64 currently uses in 1939 . The route was amended in 1941 , and was renumbered from Route 31A to Route 64 in the 1953 renumbering . Route 64 was proposed to become part of the Princeton Hightstown Bypass ( later designated New Jersey Route 92 ) , but completion never occurred . Currently , the route remains the bridge over the Northeast Corridor . However , it is not currently planned that Route 64 will receive an extension of sorts from the proposed Penns Neck Bypass to U.S. Route 1 , a proposed realignment of County routes 526 and 571 . Route description Route 64 begins at an intersection with County Route 526 , County Route 571 , and Mercer County Route 615 in the community of West Windsor . From this point , County Routes 526 and 571 continue along the right of way towards U.S. Route 130 . The route heads north crosses over the Amtrak and New Jersey Transit used Northeast Corridor Line and passes to the north of a local bus depot . Route 64 continues westward for a short distance , crossing through a local woodland and behind several local homes . The route makes a gradual curve to the west off the railroad bridge and passes behind a couple of homes before heading to the south slightly at an intersection . Route 64 reaches its northern terminus and County Route 526 and County Route 571 make a right turn to head northwest toward U.S. Route 1 and Princeton . History Route 31A and the original freeway In the late 1920s , the state proposed a bypass along the alignment . In 1938 , the New Jersey State Highway Department and New Jersey General Assembly put forth a proposal detailing that a highway from State Highway Route 31 ( co signed with U.S. Route 206 ) in the city of Princeton eastward through Mercer County onto current day County Route 571 . From there , it would follow an alignment of highway to the intersection with State Highway Route 33 in the community of Hightstown . The original proposal for the highway was to turn the road into a limited access freeway along its entirety . The route was designated as State Highway Route 31A , a suffixed spur of State Highway Route 31 that year . A portion of the highway was constructed in 1939 , when a bridge over the Pennsylvania Railroad was constructed from Washington Road 's former alignment to the current intersection with Route 615 . This new , 104 . 00 feet ( 31 . 70 m ) long bridge replaced the at grade crossing on Washington Road , which is now a dead end . The state highway law was amended just three years later , with the freeway option removed and the extensions remaining . The new bridge remained in place along Route 31A , however , no new portions of the freeway were constructed in terms of creating the Route 31A Freeway , as proposed in 1938 . In 1950 , then governor of New Jersey , Alfred E. Driscoll , cited the need for the expressway as an important truck and passenger car highway from Trenton to the Jersey Shore . Route 31A itself was decommissioned in the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering , and replaced by the designation of Route 64 . The route was truncated from both ends toward Princeton and Hightstown , leaving just the bridge in West Windsor . Route 31A remained in the state highway statutes for several decades after decommissioning , with a bill in 1991 being proposed . The bill passed , and Route 31A was stripped from the statutes on January 18 , 1992 . Route 92 and future changes to CR 571 Route 64 , after designation in 1953 , remained a short bridge along the highway . However , the need for an expressway from Trenton to the Jersey Shore remained , and in the late 1950s , the State Highway Department brought about plans for the Princeton Hightstown Bypass , a four lane freeway that would head for 14 miles ( 23 km ) from U.S. Route 206 in Montgomery Township to New Jersey Route 33 in Hightstown . In the length , the freeway was to interchange with U.S. Route 1 , U.S. Route 130 and New Jersey Route 27 . The route was re designated as Route 92 , and remained a high priority project for several decades . Even after changes in alignment , Route 64 was still an alternative . However , Route 92 was shelved on December 1 , 2006 in favor of widening the New Jersey Turnpike mainline , and only New Jersey Route 133 was constructed for the proposal . As part of the proposed Penns Neck Bypass on U.S. Route 1 , the New Jersey Department of Transportation plans on realigning County Route 571 and Route 526 from the western terminus of Route 64 to a northerly route to Route 1 . Although Route 571 and Route 526 are proposed to be realigned onto the new alignment , there is no designated change proposed for Route 64 . On the contrary to this , one state figure shows Route 64 running along Washington Road , where the two county routes currently run . Major intersections The entire route is in West Windsor , Mercer County .
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3,102 | New York State Route 376 ( NY 376 ) is a state highway located entirely within Dutchess County in the Hudson Valley region of New York in the United States . The route begins at an intersection with NY 52 in East Fishkill and passes north through Hopewell Junction and Red Oaks Mill on its way to the city of Poughkeepsie . It ends at a junction with U.S. Route 44 ( US 44 ) and NY 55 east of the city limits in Arlington , a hamlet in the town of Poughkeepsie . NY 376 was originally designated as part of NY 39 in the mid 1920s . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , the East Fishkill Poughkeepsie portion of NY 39 was renumbered to New York State Route 202 . NY 202 was renumbered to NY 376 in 1934 to avoid numerical duplication with the new US 202 . Route description NY 376 begins at an intersection with NY 52 in the hamlet of East Fishkill . It proceeds north about 1 . 5 miles ( 2 . 4 km ) , crossing over Fishkill Creek and continuing into the hamlet of Hopewell Junction , where it overlaps with NY 82 for 450 feet ( 140 m ) . NY 376 leaves NY 82 and continues northwest , crossing railroad tracks and following a sharp 90 S curve with a 5 mile per hour ( 8 . 0 km h ) advisory speed . Soon after , the route traverses another curve , but at 20 miles per hour ( 32 km h ) . After this , the speed limit returns to 45 miles per hour ( 72 km h ) . NY 376 passes by the Dogwood Knolls Country Club before meeting County Route 29 ( CR 29 ) in the hamlet of Fishkill Plains , at which point NY 376 proceeds west . Immediately after crossing from the town of East Fishkill into the town of Wappinger , NY 376 turns north at an intersection with CR 93 . It continues north for about 1 . 2 miles ( 1 . 9 km ) through the hamlet of unk , where it turns west again towards the hamlet of New Hackensack . Here , the route meets CR 94 and CR 104 . NY 376 turns north at this intersection , running along the eastern perimeter of and providing access to the passenger terminal of Dutchess County Airport . North of the airport , NY 376 runs closely parallel to Wappinger Creek , briefly entering the town limits of La Grange before crossing the Wappinger Creek into the town of Poughkeepsie . In the Poughkeepsie hamlet of Red Oaks Mill , NY 376 meets the eastern end of NY 113 ( unk Road ) and the northern end of CR 77 ( Vassar Road ) at the center of the community . NY 376 approaches the intersection at a 45 degree angle , resulting in a series of sharp traffic movements between the three roads the sharpest being the 135 degree turn between NY 376 northbound and Vassar Road southbound . Past the junction , NY 376 continues north on New Hackensack Road , the northward continuation of Vassar Road . After heading north and northwest for 2 . 3 miles ( 3 . 7 km ) , NY 376 turns right onto Raymond Avenue at Vassar College . Its continuation on New Hackensack Road is known as Hooker Avenue and is designated NY unk , an unsigned reference route , to the Poughkeepsie town city line about 100 feet ( 30 m ) from its junction with Cedar Avenue ( known as CR 74 south of the city limits ) . NY 376 follows Raymond Avenue for about a mile ( 1 . 6 km ) to the hamlet of Arlington . Here , it meets US 44 and NY 55 , both of which follow a one way couplet along Haight Street ( eastbound ) and Maple Street ( westbound ) through the city of Poughkeepsie . In between the two streets , NY 376 intersects Main Street ( CR 114 ) . The route ends upon intersecting westbound US 44 and NY 55 , at which point the routing of NY 376 becomes an unnumbered town road named Van Wagner Road . History Route designation NY 376 was originally designated as part of NY 39 , a route extending from Patterson to Poughkeepsie by way of West Patterson and East Fishkill , in the mid 1920s . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , NY 39 was reassigned to another highway in western New York while its former routing in the Hudson Valley was broken up into several routes . One of these was NY 202 , a new route that began in East Fishkill and ended in Poughkeepsie . The rest of NY 39 became part of NY 52 from East Fishkill to the western fringe of Patterson , and NY 311 for the rest of the routing . In 1934 , US 202 was designated by AASHO . In order to avoid a numbering conflict , NY 202 was renumbered to NY 376 . Roundabouts In 2006 , the New York State Department of Transportation ( NYSDOT ) converted NY 376 's intersections with the main gate of Vassar College and College Avenue into roundabouts . Both of the roundabouts replaced traffic lights . A traffic signal used to control traffic for a pedestrian crosswalk was also removed as part of their construction . Another roundabout was constructed in 2008 at Fulton and unk Avenues . NYSDOT has called the installation of roundabouts a success , stating that it has significantly calmed traffic , decreased congestion and increased traffic flow . The construction of the roundabouts was controversial from the outset . The first two roundabouts were installed by NYSDOT even though both the town and city of Poughkeepsie declared that they were opposed to the roundabouts . Additionally , the roundabouts have drawn much controversy from local residents because they remove a lane of traffic in each direction , reducing Raymond Avenue ( NY 376 ) from a four lane road to a divided two lane boulevard and significantly altering pre existing traffic patterns . A moderate amount of traffic has diverted onto alternate local routes as a result . In response , NYSDOT installed traffic calming measures on these parallel roads prior to the construction of the Fulton Avenue roundabout . Major intersections The entire route is in Dutchess County .
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3,103 | All I Want Is You is the debut studio album by American R B recording artist Miguel . After signing a record deal with the Jive Records label ByStorm Entertainment in 2007 , Miguel recorded the album with producers Dre Vidal , unk , Happy Perez , State of Emergency , and Salaam Remi . It was shelved by Jive for two years after legal issues with Miguel 's former production company . All I Want Is You was eventually released on November 30 , 2010 , selling poorly at first . With the help of its subsequent singles , the album became sleeper hit on the Billboard 200 and sold 404 , 000 copies by September 2012 . It also received positive reviews critics found some of the music inconsistent but praised Miguel 's singing songwriting abilities while drawing comparisons to American recording artist Prince . Miguel toured in promotion of the album as a supporting act for the singers Usher and Trey Songz . Background and music In 2007 , Miguel was signed Jive Records imprint label ByStorm Entertainment . He subsequently recorded All I Want Is You , but legal issues with his former production company prevented the album from being released for two years . Miguel continued working with various underground acts and writing songs for mainstream recording artists , including Johnson Jonson , Asher Roth , unk , and Usher . Recording sessions for the album took place at Black Mango Studios in Van Nuys , California , Germano Studios in New York City , Glenwood Studios and Instrument Zoo in Miami , Florida , Studio 609 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and The Gym in Los Angeles , California . According to Jason Newman from MTV Buzzworthy , All I Want Is You is a diverse album rooted in R B and hip hop , thoughtfully laced with elements of classic rock , funk and electro . Marc Hogan from Spin said it featured neo soul music , while AllMusic critic David Jeffries described it as a slick and sexy synthesis of influences from Prince , Kanye West , and electro . Girl Like You and Hard Way feature aggressive hip hop beats , while Pay Me and To the Moon explore European electronic music and EDM , respectively . The album 's first half features two romantic songs , an interlude , a song about a prostitute , and another about a quickie . The closing track My Piece uses a piece peace homonym . Jeffries said the album featured Miguel 's sly sense of humor . On Sure Thing , Miguel sang about loyalty in a passionate committed relationship . Release and reception All I Want Is You was released by unk Entertainment and Jive , on November 30 , 2010 . It sold poorly at first in its first week , the album charted at number 109 on the Billboard 200 and sold 11 , 000 copies in the United States . After falling off the chart for three weeks , it re entered and climbed the chart for 22 weeks , before peaking at number 37 on May 14 , 2011 . The album became a sleeper hit , and by September 2012 , it had sold 404 , 000 copies , according to Nielsen SoundScan . According to Miguel , Jive marketed him as a typical R B artist during their promotion of All I Want Is You That album was a huge learning experience . I left the marketing of my album and me as an artist up to the discretion of the label ... I can 't really blame them for that , because that 's what they know . But that 's not what my lifestyle was . Four singles were released from the album the title track All I Want Is You , Sure Thing , Quickie , and Girls Like You . As the title track gradually received radio airplay , Miguel began touring as a supporting act for Usher and Trey Songz . By May 2011 , All I Want Is You and Sure Thing had reached a combined digital mobile sales of over 825 , 000 units . In a review for About.com , Mark Edward Nero gave All I Want Is You three and a half out of five stars and said Miguel somehow managed to vocally glide across each of the different styles he explored in music that was nonetheless rooted in R B. He deemed the record imperfect but devoid of a poor song . B. Wright from Vibe found the music inconsistent and schizophrenic but praised Miguel 's singing and songwriting abilities while determining the record was worth the purchase price . In a three and a half star review , Slant Magazine 's Matthew Cole said the second half of songs was less stimulating on an album that blends slick , radio friendly R B with Prince aping theatrics , both refracted around a sense of humor that , surreal and sexually unsubtle , would have to make Prince proud . Cole also compared Miguel to singer Kelis , whose work has an undeniably commercial cunning to it , but who never fails to imbue her pop confections with real personality . Reviewing All I Want Is You for MSN Music in 2012 , Christgau gave it a B and believed Miguel front loaded his Prince channeling debut with five hooky tracks that were followed by six pleasant tracks and capped by two hooky novelties . He viewed the song Teach Me as a treasure hidden in the middle and supplicant 's song , unprecedented in a genre that makes its nut promising untold pleasures . He credited Miguel for laying out the truth that , as Norman Mailer put it in one of the few useful sex tips in his orgasm mad canon , ' the man as lover is dependent upon the bounty of the woman . ' Who knows what pleases her She does , she alone , and Miguel craves to be let in on that shifting and enthralling secret . He nonetheless critiqued that the song lacked a first rate hook that would have made it an R B classic in the vein of Marvin Gaye 's Sexual Healing and Use Me by Bill Withers . Track listing Credits are adapted from the album 's liner notes . Personnel Charts
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3,104 | St James ' Church , Stretham , is an active Anglican church in the village of Stretham , Cambridgeshire , England . Founded in the 12th century , it was heavily restored by the architect J. P. St Aubyn in 1876 . English Heritage , a body responsible for preserving historical sites in the United Kingdom , assessed the church a Grade II listed building . The turret clock on the east face of the tower was also made in 1876 , by JB Joyce Co of Whitchurch , Shropshire , and still keeps good time . The church has a ring of six bells hung for change ringing . Regular ringing resumed at the church in June 2011 after several years ' silence . St James ' is one of eight churches in the Ely Team Ministry . History St James ' Church stands in the centre of the small village of Stretham , which has a population of 1 , 685 . The village lies 6 kilometres ( 4 mi ) south south west of Ely in Cambridgeshire , England , about 119 kilometres ( 74 mi ) by road from London . The earliest written record of this still active church is in the Liber Eliensis , a 12th century history of the Isle of Ely . In 1137 , during Bishop Nigel 's ( c . 1100 1169 ) time , Anglo Saxon conspirators were said to have met in Stretham church . Fragments of the east chancel are known to be from about the 12th century , corroborating the record of the church 's existence in that period . Lancelot Ridley ( d . 1576 ) , appointed one of the first Six Preachers of Canterbury Cathedral in 1541 and a rector of Stretham from 1560 , was buried in the parish . Mark Ridley ( 1560 1624 ) , one of Lancelot 's sons , became the physician to the Tsar of Russia . In 1751 , Francis unk , in his Collectanea unk , recorded St James ' as having a square tower , with four bells and a clock . The north aisle was leaded and there was a chantry chapel at the east end with a screen . He concludes this to be the Chancel of the Resurrection . At this time , the south aisle , nave and chancel were also recorded as leaded . The church was restored very heavily in 1876 by the architect J. P. St Aubyn at a cost of 4 , 400 ( equivalent to 373 , 274 in 2016 ) . The north and south transepts were added at this time as well as the whole south aisle of the nave , the chancel , a clerestory and a new porch . St James ' Church , Stretham , is an historic building protected by Acts of Parliament . Originally , the church was listed Grade A in a publicly available register on 5 February 1952 until a resurvey and regrading by the English Heritage on 19 August 1988 . Since then , it is listed as a Grade II building , which makes the church particularly important to the country 's heritage and warrants every effort to preserve it . The church records are kept in the County Records Office , Cambridge . Since 1990 , St James ' Church has had an ecumenical agreement with the Stretham Methodists . St James ' is part of the Ely Team Ministry , a group of eight churches St Mary 's , Ely St Peter 's , Ely St Leonard 's , Little Downham St Michael and All Angels , unk St George 's , Little Thetford St James , Stretham Holy Cross , unk St Peter 's , Prickwillow . The Prickwillow church was closed for worship in 2008 it is part of the parish of St Mary 's , Ely . Architecture Exterior The building is mainly 14th century although the east wall of the chancel contains remnants of 12th century material , including two clamped buttresses . The ashlar faced tower is 14th century with angled buttresses north and south . The west window has three lights with flowing tracery . The clock on the east face of the tower , dated 1876 , is by JB Joyce Co of Whitchurch , Shropshire , the oldest firm of tower clockmakers in the world it is wound weekly by the churchwardens . The east wall of the chancery has one window with five lights ( stained glass panels ) with tracery above in a Gothic style . The church floodlighting is supported by funds from the National Lottery church floodlighting trust Interior There is a lowered sill on the southeast window of the chancel for a three seat ( sedilia ) a cabinet ( aumbry ) is along the east of the north wall with an arched tomb recess to the west of it with an inscribed tomb lid which commemorates Nicholas de unk , late 13th century rector . A 1440 oak screen to the chancel is very finely carved . Lying in the chancel is a black marble slab that dates back to 1667 it is a memorial , commemorating Anne unk , sister of Sir Christopher Wren and wife of the rector of the time . The pipe rack organ , built in 1886 by J W Walker and sons of London , is in a chamber built onto the south wall of the chancery . Paddy Benson of Norman Beard , carried out a reconstruction and enlargement of the organ in 1907 at a cost of 350 ( equivalent to 33 , 392 in 2016 ) it was converted to electric blowing sometime after 1937 . Bells Until 1952 , the church had a ring of five bells hung for change ringing and at this time , a sixth bell was added and one bell was recast , replacing a 1727 bell by Henry Penn of Peterborough . The oldest bell as of 2010 , is the 840 millimetre ( 33 in ) 360 kilogram ( 790 lb ) number four bell of 1796 by Joseph unk the newest are of 1951 by John Taylor Co of Loughborough . This set of six bells are rung from a first floor ringing chamber above the recently constructed servery and toilets . According to Canon K W H Felstead 's records , now maintained by the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers , there have been 78 peals rung at St James ' Church , Stretham , since 1952 . Rectors Records before 1523 have not been confirmed they have been checked ( other than minor spelling differences ) with the painted board in the south west corner of the nave
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3,105 | Hurricane Florence was a strong , late season hurricane that remained out over the open waters of the Central Atlantic for nearly a week , before being absorbed into a large extratropical cyclone . With peak winds of 110 mph ( 175 km h ) and a minimum pressure of 972 mbar ( hPa 28 . 71 inHg ) , Florence was the strongest storm of the 1994 Atlantic hurricane season . Florence developed out of an area of low pressure associated with a stalled frontal system located 1 , 150 mi ( 1 , 850 km ) east southeast of Bermuda in late October . The system gradually became better organized and was classified a subtropical depression on November 2 . The storm intensified into a subtropical storm shortly thereafter before weakening to a depression the next day . After gaining tropical characteristics throughout most of the day on November 3 , the storm was designated Tropical Depression Eleven . The depression quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Florence , the sixth named storm of the season . The storm briefly underwent rapid intensification , strengthening into a hurricane , before leveling out as a Category 1 hurricane . Florence was subsequently upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane on November 7 . However , a large extratropical cyclone located to the north caused the hurricane to rapidly accelerate , with forward speeds reaching 58 mph ( 93 km h ) . By the next day , Florence lost its identity , while still producing hurricane force winds , as it was absorbed by the extratropical cyclone . Meteorological history The origins of Florence can be traced back to an area of low pressure which developed in late October along a stationary front located 1 , 150 mi ( 1 , 850 km ) east southeast of Bermuda . The low gradually detached from the front and began developing convective banding features . The system was not fully tropical as the strongest winds were recorded a couple hundred miles from the center , leading to the system being classified a subtropical cyclone on the morning of November 2 . Minor intensification followed shortly after and the subtropical depression was upgraded to a subtropical storm . This was based on ship reports of 40 mph ( 65 km h ) sustained winds associated with the system . By November 3 , the storm became slightly disorganized and was downgraded to a subtropical depression . By the afternoon , the subtropical system began to undergo a transition from a subtropical system to tropical system . Later that day , the storm was classified Tropical Depression Eleven while located 875 mi ( 1 , 400 km ) east southeast of Bermuda . The depression was moving towards the northwest at 8 mph ( 13 km h ) and the same general motion was expected as a large upper level low situated over the system was forecast to move towards the northeast , leading to Eleven moving around the periphery of the low . The depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Florence the next morning . However , outflow from the storm remained poor as the upper level low was still interacting with the center of Florence and the storm was still not completely tropical but there was slight improvement . By the afternoon of November 4 , Florence completed its transition into a tropical cyclone and deep convection developed , causing the storm to quickly intensity with winds increasing by 20 mph ( 30 km h ) in a 6 hour time period . The trend in intensification was forecast to continue and Florence was forecast to become the second hurricane of the season within 12 hours . Late on November 4 , Florence was upgraded to a hurricane as a solid area of deep convection developed around the center of circulation . An eye feature also appeared on infrared satellite but was not associated with significant strengthening . Florence slowly intensified as the eye persisted and the structure slightly improved . By the morning of November 6 , the eye became less defined and the cloud tops around it warmed . The storm also shifted its foreword motion northward as the trough located to the southeast began to move towards the east , moving the steering currents with it . As the low moved further to the east , steering currents in the area of Florence weakened , leading to the storm stalling late on November 6 . By the morning of November 7 , the eye began to reappear and the storm turned towards the northwest and the foreword motion began to rapidly increase . Later that morning , Florence had developed a large , 35 to 40 mi ( 55 to 65 km h ) wide eye and the foreword motion continued to increase . The intensification continued and by the afternoon hours , Florence was upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 100 mph ( 155 km h ) . A strong extratropical cyclone located to the north of Florence was causing the storm to move towards the northwest at a rapid pace of 30 mph ( 48 km h ) . Operationally , Florence was reported to have peaked at that intensity , but post season analysis determined that the storm reached its peak intensity just short of major hurricane a storm with winds of 111 mph ( 178 km h ) or higher status late on November 7 . By the morning of November 8 , Florence weakened slightly to Category 1 status . The large system to the north continued to cause Florence to move at 58 mph ( 93 km h ) . Since the storm was very close to a cold front , Florence was expected to rapidly transition into an extratropical cyclone . Later that morning , Florence was absorbed into the extratropical cyclone while still maintaining hurricane force winds . Impact and naming As Florence remained out over the open waters of the central Atlantic , no effects , damages , or fatalities were reported . No tropical storm watches or warnings were issued , and the storm was never forecast to strike land .
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3,106 | State Road 930 ( SR 930 ) is an Indiana State Road that runs between Fort Wayne and New Haven in the US state of Indiana . The 12 . 97 miles ( 20 . 87 km ) of SR 930 serve as a connection with U.S. Route 30 ( US 30 ) through these two cities between the beginning of the concurrency with Interstate 69 ( I 69 ) in Fort Wayne and the end of its concurrency with I 469 in New Haven . All of the highway is listed on the National Highway System . Various sections are urban two lane highway , urbanized four lane divided highway , and urbanized six lane divided highway . The highway passes through industrial and commercial properties . SR 930 was designated in 1998 , and replaced segments of US 30 in Fort Wayne and New Haven that were formerly part of the Lincoln Highway in the 1920s , as well as Coliseum Boulevard , which was designated as part of US 30 in the 1950s . Route description SR 930 's western terminus is at an interchange with I 69 , US 24 , US 30 , and US 33 . The highway heads southeast on Goshen Road from the interchange towards Coliseum Boulevard as a six lane divided highway , passing between commercial properties and woodland . The route turns east onto Coliseum Boulevard as a four lane undivided road with a center turn lane , passing through commercial and industrial properties . The highway has an at grade railroad crossing with a single track rail line . After the railroad crossing , the road has an intersection with US 27 , and continues passing through commercial properties . After US 27 , the highway passes by Glenbrook Square and beings to turns southeast at Clinton Street . The road narrows to a four lane divided highway at Parnell Avenue and passes by the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum . Then , the road crosses the St. Joseph River and has a traffic light at North Anthony Boulevard . The highway passes between the Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne ( IPFW ) and Ivy Tech Community College campuses , before coming to a traffic light at Crescent Avenue . East of Crescent Avenue , the road enters mainly residential areas of town until the route begins to curve due south toward an intersection with Vance Avenue . After this turn , the route becomes a six lane divided highway and passes through mainly commercial properties with some woodland . The highway has a traffic light at East State Boulevard and Lake Avenue , before narrowing back to a four lane divided highway . The road crosses over the Maumee River and the Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks , in a mainly wooded area with some industrial properties . After the railroad tracks , SR 930 leaves Coliseum Boulevard at an interchange with Washington Boulevard . The highway heads east southeast toward New Haven as a four lane divided highway , passing through commercial properties . The road crosses over another set of Norfolk Southern railroad tracks and turns due east at New Haven Avenue . After New Haven Avenue , the highway enters the commercial area of New Haven as a four lane highway with a center turn lane . The route has a traffic light at Lincoln Highway , and SR 930 heads southeast , bypassing downtown New Haven . Southeast of Lincoln Highway , SR 930 is a two lane highway passing through a mix of commercial and residential properties . The road becomes a four lane divided highway at Minnich Road , just west of the I 469 . The eastern terminus of SR 930 is at I 469 , where US 30 's concurrency with I 469 ends , and US 30 continues east along the same road where SR 930 ends . The entire length of SR 930 is included as a part of the National Highway System ( NHS ) , a network of highways that are identified as being important for the economy , mobility and defense of the nation . SR 930 is maintained by the Indiana Department of Transportation ( INDOT ) , like all other state roads in the state . The department tracks the traffic volumes along all state highways as a part of its maintenance responsibilities using a metric called average annual daily traffic ( AADT ) , a calculation of the traffic level along a segment of roadway for any average day of the year . In 2010 , INDOT figured that lowest traffic levels were the 14 , 700 vehicles and 2 , 640 commercial vehicles used the highway daily on a section between Hartzell Road and I 469 in New Haven . The peak traffic volumes were 45 , 210 vehicles and 1 , 630 commercial vehicles AADT along the section of SR 930 between Coldwater Road and North Clinton Street in Fort Wayne . History In 1913 , the Lincoln Highway was planned to pass through some of the areas that later became SR 930 . These sections include the segment of Goshen Road in Fort Wayne now used by SR 930 , and the section of what is now SR 930 between Maumee Road and Lincoln Highway in New Haven . The Lincoln Highway was opened in 1915 and passed through downtown Fort Wayne and New Haven . In 1917 , Main Market route number 2 was the given number to the Lincoln Highway in Indiana . In 1926 , US 30 was commissioned to follow SR 2 through Fort Wayne and New Haven . In addition , US 24 was concurrent with US 30 from Washington Boulevard in Fort Wayne and Lincoln Highway in New Haven . Then , in the 1950s , Coliseum Boulevard was built as a unk highway , and US 30 was rerouted onto it to bypass the downtown area of Fort Wayne . In 1998 , US 24 and US 30 were rerouted onto I 69 and I 469 and the route that became SR 930 , including Coliseum Boulevard , was to be decommissioned . INDOT tried to give the route to local control , but Allen County , the city of Fort Wayne , and the City of New Haven did not have funds for the roadway . This led INDOT to commission the route as SR 930 . Major intersections The entire highway is in Allen County .
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3,107 | Estoy Aqu ( English I 'm Here ) is a song by Colombian singer songwriter Shakira , taken from her debut studio album Pies Descalzos . It was released in 1995 by Sony Music and Columbia Records as the lead single from the album . The song was written and produced by Shakira and Luis Fernando Ochoa . Estoy Aqu is a Latin pop song that lyrically discusses a willingness to correct a failed relationship . Upon its release , Estoy Aqu received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who recognized it as a stand out track from Pies Descalzos . Additionally , it became Shakira 's first recording to attain commercial success . The song peaked at numbers 1 and 2 on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs and Latin Songs component charts . Its performance aided its parent album in becoming her breakthrough record , which eventually attained platinum certifications in Brazil , Colombia , and the United States . Its accompanying music video depicts Shakira performing the track , where she is often pictured with her guitar . A Portuguese language translation of the track titled unk Aqui appeared on Shakira 's first remix album The Remixes in 1997 . An English language version was leaked to the internet in 2011 . The song has additionally been performed during six of the seven concert tours Shakira has held to date . Background and composition Shakira released her first major label studio album Pies Descalzos in 1995 by Sony Music and Columbia Records . Assuming a prominent position in its production , she co wrote and co produced each of the eleven tracks included on the record . unk as the lead single from the project in 1996 , Estoy Aqu saw additional songwriting and production from Luis Fernando Ochoa . The track is heavily influenced by Latin pop elements , and makes use of prominent guitar instrumentation . Lyrically , it states a desire to amend a failed relationship . In English , the lyrics lo que nos unk no unk unk and Estoy unk unk , unk translate to what happened to us will never be repeated and I 'm here wanting you , drowning , respectively . After attaining success with the original Spanish language version , Estoy Aqu was re recorded in Portuguese as unk Aqui for Shakira 's 1997 remix album The Remixes . An English language version I 'm Here was leaked in early 2011 , but was not made available for digital download . Reception Upon its release , Estoy Aqu received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who recognized it as a stand out track from Pies Descalzos . Carlos Quintana of About.com complimented the track for featuring a vibrant dancing flavor , and placed it among his personal favorites from the record . Similarly , Jose F. Promis from Allmusic praised it for serving as an infectious and melodic opening track , going on to select the song as an album highlight . The song received a nomination for Pop Song of the Year at the 1997 Lo Nuestro Awards , but lost to unk Religiosa by Enrique Iglesias . Estoy Aqu became Shakira 's first recording to attain commercial success . The song peaked at numbers 1 and 2 on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs and Latin Songs component charts . Its commercial performance aided its parent album in becoming her breakthrough record , which eventually attained platinum certifications in Brazil , and the United States . Pies Descalzos was also awarded the Diamond Prism award in Colombia . In 1996 , Estoy Aqu was included in the reissue of Pies Descalzos , titled Coleccin de Oro . In 2005 , it was featured as the opening track for Shakira 's first greatest hits album Grandes xitos . Music video Estoy Aqu became the first track by Shakira to receive an accompanying music video , which was directed by Simon Brand . The setting depicts a barn during the various weather seasons , and shows Shakira performing the song , accompanied with a guitar in most scenes . The clip was met with a favorable response from her label Sony Music , and was also met with commercial success . Consequentially , executives decided to place additional emphasis on promoting Pies Descalzos if it were to exceed sales of 50 , 000 copies . John Lannert from Billboard positively noted that her voice and appearance jumps out at you . In Colombia , it was recognized as the Best Video at the Asociacin Colombiana de unk del Espectculo ( unk ) Awards . Live performances Shakira has performed Estoy Aqu during six of her seven concert tours thus far . She first performed the track in Mexico City during her Tour Pies Descalzos , which ran from 1996 through 1997 . It was also included during the Tour unk and Tour of the Mongoose , held in support of her second and third studio albums Dnde Estn los Ladrones and Laundry Service , respectively . The song was additionally performed during the Oral Fixation Tour , which became her largest tour to date . In place of its inclusion in The Sun Comes Out World Tour , Estoy Aqu was performed in Rio de Janeiro as part of Rock in Rio in 2011 . In August 1999 , Shakira sang Estoy Aqu during an episode of MTV Unplugged in New York City . In February 2000 , the performance was included in the live album of the event . At the 12th Latin Grammy Awards ceremony in 2011 , Mexican singer songwriter Aleks Syntek performed a live cover of the song as part of the Latin Grammys tribute to Shakira , where she was honored Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year . Track listings CD single Estoy Aqu Te Espero unk Remix EP Estoy Aqu ( The Love House Mix ) Estoy Aqu ( The Love House Radio Edit ) Estoy Aqu ( Extended Club Mix ) Estoy Aqu ( The Radio Edit ) Estoy Aqu ( Meme 's unk Dub ) Estoy Aqu ( The Love Tears Mix ) Charts
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3,108 | The Egyptian dog Abuwtiyuw , ( IPA unk unk ) also transcribed as unk ( died before 2280 BC ) , was one of the earliest documented domestic animals whose name is known . He is believed to have been a royal guard dog who lived in the Sixth Dynasty ( 2345 2181 BC ) , and received an elaborate ceremonial burial in the Giza Necropolis at the behest of a pharaoh whose name is unknown . An inscribed stone listing the gifts donated by the pharaoh for Abuwtiyuw 's funeral was discovered by Egyptologist George A. Reisner in October 1935 . It was apparently part of the spoil material incorporated into the structure of a Sixth Dynasty mastaba ( pharaonic era tomb ) after the demolition of the funerary chapel belonging to Abuwtiyuw 's owner , where the stone likely had originally been installed . The white limestone tablet measures 54 . 2 28 . 2 23 . 2 cm ( 21 . 3 11 . 1 9 . 1 in ) . The inscription is composed of ten vertical rows of hieroglyphs , separated by vertical lines . Abuwtiyuw appears to have been a sighthound , a lightly built hunting dog similar to a greyhound , with erect ears and a curly tail . The tomb in which his tablet was discovered is in Cemetery G 2100 in Giza West Field , close to the western side of the Great Pyramid of Giza ( Pyramid of Khufu Kheops ) . Background Herodotus documents that in ancient Persia dogs were protected animals , held in the highest esteem during their lifetime . According to the ancient Greeks , dogs in ancient Egypt were treated with the same respect as they were in Persia , and were commonly mummified after death before being buried in family tombs . The ancient Egyptians and others of the Near East believed that dogs were spiritual beings , similar to humans , and they were often associated with particular deities and the powers they wield . A number of the early dynastic royal burial grounds contain the graves of dogs , along with women and servants of the royal household . Ashkelon cemetery in the South District of Israel is perhaps the best documented dog cemetery in the ancient world , but dog mummies have been unearthed en masse in sites across Egypt including Rhoda in Upper Egypt , Thebes , Abydos , and near unk . The ancient Egyptians mummified many animal species , from cats and gazelles to crocodiles , baboons , and birds . Typically , many animal species were consumed as meat after death , but it is highly unlikely that dogs would have been eaten . Radiographs of exhumed dogs in the ancient world have revealed that the mummification process involved wrapping the embalmed bones together with bandages and placing them within a wooden statue of Anubis , the jackal headed deity associated with mummification and the afterlife in ancient Egyptian religion . Discovery The only source from which Abuwtiyuw is known is a stone inscription tablet that may have come from the funerary chapel of the dog 's owner . The tablet was apparently among spolia used to build another grave in approximately 2280 BC , a sixth Dynasty mastaba , after the chapel 's demolition . It was discovered on 13 October 1935 by Egyptologist George A. Reisner during a joint Harvard University Boston Museum of Fine Arts expedition , and removed from the site four days later . The find was recorded by the main expedition photographer , unk Ibrahim , who took more than 9 , 321 large format glass plate images on Reisner 's expeditions . The tablet is now held by the Egyptian Museum in Cairo ( inventory number JE unk ) . Neither the dog 's grave nor mummy have been recovered . The tomb in which the tablet was unearthed is in Cemetery G 2100 in Giza West Field , close to the western side of the Great Pyramid of Giza ( Pyramid of Khufu Kheops ) . The white limestone tablet measures 54 . 2 28 . 2 23 . 2 cm ( 21 . 3 11 . 1 9 . 1 in ) and is inscribed with ten vertical rows of hieroglyphs , separated from each other by vertical lines . Part of a leash is visible on the upper right corner , suggesting that the tablet displayed an image of Abuwtiyuw with his owner . The text of the inscription translated by Reisner describes the gifts offered by the pharaoh in tribute at Abuwtiyuw 's funeral The dog which was the guard of His Majesty , Abuwtiyuw is his name . His Majesty ordered that he be buried ( ceremonially ) , that he be given a coffin from the royal treasury , fine linen in great quantity , ( and ) incense . His Majesty ( also ) gave perfumed ointment , and ( ordered ) that a tomb be built for him by the gangs of masons . His Majesty did this for him in order that he ( the dog ) might be Honoured ( before the great god , Anubis ) . Interpretation Although it was common to bury dogs in ancient Egypt , the funeral of Abuwtiyuw was unusually elaborate , an honour normally reserved for upper class humans . The pharaoh 's gifts suggest that the corpse was mummified , as was commonly done with humans at the time , in the belief that the Ka of the dead would enter into its afterlife through the ceremonial burial . Although no images of Abuwtiyuw have been found , the text characterizes him as unk ( Tesem ) , a lightly built hunting dog similar to a greyhound , with erect ears and a curly tail . The Tesem dog features in predynastic depictions , making it one of the oldest known breeds of dog , and images of it are common throughout Ancient Egyptian history . According to Reisner , the name Abuwtiyuw is not fully translatable , but he surmised that unk ( bu ) is an onomatopoeic representation of a dog 's bark , as this component often is found in Ancient Egyptian dog names . Edward C. Martin Jr. claims that the name , or its variant transliteration of unk , means With Pointed Ears , which would fit the description of the Tesem .
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3,109 | Health Care is the third episode of the first season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's third episode overall . Written by Paul Lieberstein , who also acts in the show as Toby Flenderson , and directed by Ken Whittingham , the episode first aired in the United States on April 5 , 2005 on NBC . In this episode , Michael ( Steve Carell ) is tasked with choosing a new and inexpensive health care plan . He immediately hands it off to enthusiastic volunteer Dwight ( Rainn Wilson ) . Dwight ruthlessly cuts nearly all benefits in the new plan , angering the rest of the office staff . Meanwhile , Pam ( Jenna Fischer ) and Jim ( John Krasinski ) make up fake diseases , much to Dwight 's chagrin . In an attempt to appease them , Michael promises the entire office a surprise and then spends the rest of the day scrambling to come through with his promise . The employees wait for Michael 's surprise , which he awkwardly never delivers . Jenna Fischer later called Health Care her favorite season one episode . During one particular scene , Rainn Wilson kept improvising new fake diseases . The laughter that resulted in his ad libs was not scripted , as they were in fact the cast 's genuine reaction to Wilson 's fake diseases . The episode received a 2 . 9 7 in the Nielsen ratings among people aged 18 49 garnered 5 . 8 million viewers overall . In addition , the episode retained 100 of its lead in 18 49 audience and ranked , along with the other first season episodes of The Office , as NBC 's highest rated Tuesday night program since February 1 , 2005 . The episode received positive reviews . Plot Jan ( Melora Hardin ) tasks Michael ( Steve Carell ) with choosing a healthcare plan for the employees in the office , but as Michael finds it too difficult a task to accomplish , he delegates the authority to Dwight , who makes an enormous mess of it . He requires the entire office to write down their medical conditions , prompting Jim and Pam to invent diseases such as hot dog fingers and Count unk out of thin air , the result being that Dwight cuts benefits , adds an enormous deductible , and inadvertently mocks accountant Kevin Malone for having anal fissures . Meanwhile , Michael feigns a busy work day by searching for a surprise for the office workers after such a frustrating day , including an Atlantic City type getaway , a ride down a coalminer s elevator , and ice cream sandwiches , ultimately unable to come up with anything and further alienating everyone in the process . Production Health Care marked the first episode written by writer actor Paul Lieberstein , who would go on to write several other episodes . It also marked the first episode directed by Ken Whittingham , who would go on to direct several other episodes . Jenna Fischer stated that Health Care was her favorite episode of season one . Fischer went on to say that We laughed a lot while making this episode . Particularly during the scene where Dwight confronts everyone in the office about who has been writing fake diseases on their health forms . Rainn Wilson kept improvising new fake diseases , and we didn 't know what he would say next . Fischer notes that several of the scenes that involved laughing were not scripted and were in fact the casts genuine reaction to Wilson 's fake diseases . The episode was rebroadcast on March 29 , 2007 as part of an Human resources Nightmares marathon hosted by Paul Lieberstein . Lieberstein 's character Toby Flenderson is the Human Resources Representative for the Scranton , Pennsylvania branch of the Dunder Mifflin Paper Company , where The Office is set . Health Care was one of two first season episodes , the other being Hot Girl , to not contain commentary by members of the cast and crew on the season DVD . Reception Ratings Health Care premiered on NBC on April 5 , 2005 . The episode received a 2 . 9 7 in the Nielsen ratings among people aged 18 49 , meaning that 2 . 9 percent of all 18 to 49 year olds viewed the episode and seven percent of all 18 to 49 year olds watching TV viewed it . The episode garnered 5 . 8 million viewers overall . The episode , airing after Scrubs , retained 100 of its lead in 18 49 audience . In addition , Health Care , along with the other first season episodes of The Office helped NBC score its highest rated Tuesday night slot since February 1 , 2005 . Reviews Critical reception to Health Care was largely positive . Erik Adams of The A.V. Club awarded the episode a B , and felt that the episode helped to expand upon Dwight 's character , noting that the pieces are falling into place for Dwight to become the show 's breakout character . Furthermore , he applauded the fact that the episode was based on an episode of the original BBC series , but that it did not create an exact copy , but rather used the concept as a template to create something new and original . In a review by DVD Verdict , Mike Pinsky stated that Turning the third episode over to such a character , when Michael passes off responsibility for picking a corporate health care plan to Dwight , is meant to draw laughs out of his megalomania . But it just is not that funny . Travis Fickett from IGN wrote positively of the episode , giving it a 7 . 9 10 good rating . He noted that there 's something Stephen King about Dwight that creates an underlying layer of menace and that the episode is an early incarnation of the The Office 's early days , its original paradigm and arguably its strongest . IGN later placed Jim and Pam 's prank of creating fake diseases as ninth in its Top Ten Moments from The Office . Television Without Pity awarded the episode an A rating .
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3,110 | Tropical Storm Debra was the second of two tropical storms to hit the United States in the 1978 Atlantic hurricane season . The fourth named storm of the season , Debra developed from the interaction between a high altitude cold low and a lower tropical wave in the Gulf of Mexico . Forming on August 25 , it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Debra based on data from a Hurricane Hunter aircraft . As Debra approached the coast , it attained peak winds of 60 mph ( 95 km h ) . The storm made landfall on the coast of Louisiana , east of the Texas border . Two deaths were caused by the storm . Debra weakened as it moved inland and ultimately dissipated on August 29 over Arkansas . Meteorological history Debra originated in an upper level cold core low pressure system that developed over southwestern Florida in late August 1978 . The low moved southwest towards the Yucatn Peninsula over the next day , as a tropical wave drifted westwards from the Caribbean Sea . The interaction between the upper level system and the wave led to the formation of a tropical depression on August 26 around 460 miles ( 740 km ) south of New Orleans . At first the depression drifted westward but , as the western periphery of a high pressure area weakened , it tracked towards the north and slowly strengthened . After a reconnaissance aircraft found surface winds of 45 mph ( 70 km h ) on August 28 , the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Debra . The aircraft also recorded a minimum pressure of 1002 mbar ( hPa 29 . 59 inHg ) . While Debra approached the coast of Louisiana , an additional flight into the system found a drop in surface pressure to 1000 mbar ( hPa 29 . 53 inHg ) , as well as peak winds of approximately 60 mph ( 100 km h ) at 00 00 GMT on August 29 . Observation stations off the coast recorded sustained winds of 45 50 mph ( 70 80 km h ) on August 28 , as Debra passed 150 miles ( 240 km ) to the west . The storm made landfall between Beaumont , Texas , and Lake Charles , Louisiana , on August 28 . Two stations recorded surface pressures of 1002 mbar ( hPa ( 29 . 59 inHg ) ) . As Debra moved north northeast through Louisiana and Arkansas , the central pressure rose slightly . In south central Arkansas the residual low pressure system merged with a frontal trough on August 29 the frontal wave drifted into southern Illinois and traveled eastbound into the Ohio Valley for the next three days . Five tornadoes were reported from the system in Texas , Louisiana , and Mississippi shortly after Debra 's landfall . Preparations and impact Louisiana A flash flood watch was issued in advance of Debra for the whole of Louisiana . ExxonMobil , Royal Dutch Shell , Chevron , and other oil companies shut down operations and evacuated about 1 , 000 employees from offshore oil rigs in Texas and Louisiana . Despite these evacuations , a 15 foot ( 4 . 6 m ) wave killed a person at a rig 80 miles ( 130 km ) offshore from Cameron . Three evacuation centers in Lake Charles , were set up to help those needing shelter and departing the Cameron area , and the Red Cross opened four shelters at the Calcasieu Parish Public Schools . In Louisiana , more than six thousand people were evacuated from Cameron Parish , as well as an undetermined number from Vermilion Parish . Louisiana had moderate flooding , especially in Rapides Parish . Rainfall amounted to 6 inches ( 15 cm ) at Lake Charles and Lafayette , 3 inches ( 7 . 6 cm ) at Shreveport , and 3 . 5 inches ( 8 . 9 cm ) at Monroe . Flash flood warnings were issued during the storm for Louisiana , Mississippi , Arkansas , Missouri , and Tennessee . By dawn on August 29 , all rainwater had receded from the streets and tides were back to normal levels . A confirmed tornado at the Ike settlement in Vernon Parish , knocked over a trailer . The greatest amount of rainfall caused by Debra , 10 . 81 in ( 275 mm ) , was recorded in Freshwater Bayou Lock . More than 6 in ( 150 mm ) was recorded across Louisiana , and tides between Atchafalaya Bay and Vermilion Bay were 5 . 7 ft ( 1 . 7 m ) above normal . At Grand Chenier , a wind gust of 65 miles per hour ( 105 km h ) to 70 miles per hour ( 110 km h ) was recorded , and there were reports of downed trees and damage to roofs in Lake Charles and New Orleans . Tides at Lake Pontchartrain were 2 feet ( 0 . 61 m ) to 3 feet ( 0 . 91 m ) above normal . Elsewhere Gale warnings were prompted from Galveston , Texas , through to Grand Isle , Louisiana , at 18 00 GMT on August 28 . A confirmed tornado in Hardin County , Texas , damaged a trailer home and power lines . More than 6 inches ( 150 mm ) of rainfall was recorded within Texas and 7 inches ( 180 mm ) in the Beaumont Port Arthur area caused minor street flooding . Tides were 1 ft ( 0 . 30 m ) above normal at Corpus Christi , while tides at Galveston were 2 . 2 ft ( 0 . 67 m ) above normal . A tornado spawned in Turkey Creek , Mississippi , destroyed three mobile homes and a house , killing one person and seriously injuring another this tornado tracked on to Crystal Springs , Mississippi . Many rice stands were knocked over because of the gusts of wind from Tropical Storm Debra . Rainfall of more than 6 in ( 15 cm ) was recorded in locations across Mississippi , Missouri , and Illinois . Tornadoes were reported in Memphis , Tennessee Little Rock , Arkansas Starkville , Springdale , unk and Flora in Mississippi Livingston and Ascension parishes and north Lafayette in Louisiana . One person was hurt in the Memphis tornado . Power was knocked out at four blocks of the Memphis International Airport , gas supplies were cut off in Memphis , and downed trees and power poles blocked many streets . Overall damage caused by Debra was minimal .
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3,111 | Oryzomys albiventer is a rodent in the genus Oryzomys of family Cricetidae from interior western Mexico , in the states of Jalisco , Guanajuato , and Michoacn . First described in 1901 as a separate species , it was later lumped under O. couesi and the marsh rice rat ( O. palustris ) until it was reinstated as a species in 2009 . It differs from neighboring Oryzomys populations in size and measurements and is a large , brightly colored species with a long tail and robust skull and molars . Its range has been much impacted by agricultural development , but isolated populations are thought to persist . Taxonomy Oryzomys albiventer was first described by C.H. Merriam in 1901 on the basis of ten specimens from Ameca , Jalisco . He named the animal albiventer after the white color of its underparts and considered it most closely related to Oryzomys aquaticus ( currently included in Oryzomys couesi ) . Two years later , D.G. Eliot described Oryzomys molestus on the basis of a single individual from unk , Jalisco the name molestus means troublesome , irksome . Eliot considered Oryzomys fulgens , another current synonym of O. couesi , as the closest relative of his new species . In his 1918 review of North American Oryzomys , E.A. Goldman assessed the holotype of O. molestus , an old male , as merely a large example of albiventer , and reduced albiventer to one of many subspecies of O. couesi . He considered it closely related to three other highland Mexican forms . In 1960 , E.R. Hall argued that O. couesi was the same species as the marsh rice rat ( O. palustris ) of the United States , and listed albiventer as a subspecies of the latter . Later , O. couesi was again accepted as separate from the marsh rice rat , but O. albiventer was still classified under O. couesi . In a 2009 revision of the Oryzomys of western Mexico , M.D. Carleton and J. Arroyo Cabrales noted substantial differences in coloration and measurements between highland populations ( albiventer ) and lowland populations ( mexicanus ) in Jalisco . On the basis of these differences , they recognized O. albiventer as a species separate from the lowland populations , which they classified under O. couesi . They confirmed that Eliot 's molestus was based on a large example of O. unk , but left the status of the three forms Goldman had associated with albiventer crinitus , aztecus , and regillus open , noting that there was no convincing evidence that these represented the same species as O. albiventer . The identity and exact provenance of fulgens ( supposed to be from the Valley of Mexico ) , and consequently its relationship to O. albiventer , remain unknown . O. albiventer is part of the genus Oryzomys , which currently includes about eight species distributed from the eastern United States ( O. palustris ) into northwestern South America ( O. gorgasi ) . O. albiventer is further part of the O. couesi section , which is centered on the widespread Central American O. couesi and also includes various other species with more limited and peripheral distributions . Many aspects of the systematics of the O. couesi section remain unclear and it is likely that the current classification underestimates the true diversity of the group . Oryzomys previously included many other species , which were progressively removed in various studies culminating in a contribution by Marcelo Weksler and coworkers in 2006 that removed more than forty species from the genus . All are classified in the tribe Oryzomyini ( rice rats ) , a diverse assemblage of American rodents of over a hundred species , and on higher taxonomic levels in the subfamily Sigmodontinae of family Cricetidae , along with hundreds of other species of mainly small rodents . In 1904 , Eliot used the common name white bellied rice rat for O. albiventer and unk rice rat for O. molestus . In 1918 , Goldman also used white bellied rice rat for O. albiventer . Description Oryzomys albiventer is a large and long tailed Oryzomys . The upperparts are brightly ochraceous , becoming grayer toward the front . The hairs on the underparts are pale gray near the bases and white in the outer half , so that the underparts appear pale grayish according to Carleton and Arroyo Cabrales ( not white as claimed by Merriman ) . The tail is dark above and light below . The skull and molars are relatively robust . O. albiventer has broad zygomatic arches ( cheekbones ) , long incisive foramina ( perforations of the palate between the incisors and the molars ) , and long nasal bones that extend behind the premaxillary bones . Compared to its lowland relative O. couesi mexicanus , O. albiventer is larger and more brightly colored and has larger molars but narrower incisive foramina . In twelve specimens , total length is 245 to 314 mm ( 9 . 6 to 12 . 4 in ) , averaging 285 . 4 mm ( 11 . 24 in ) head and body length is 116 to 142 mm ( 4 . 6 to 5 . 6 in ) , averaging 130 . 0 mm ( 5 . 12 in ) tail length is 129 to 173 mm ( 5 . 1 to 6 . 8 in ) , averaging 155 . 4 mm ( 6 . 12 in ) hindfoot length is 33 to 40 mm ( 1 . 3 to 1 . 6 in ) , averaging 36 . 1 mm ( 1 . 42 in ) and skull length ( occipitonasal length ) is 30 . 0 to 34 . 5 mm ( 1 . 18 to 1 . 36 in ) , averaging 32 . 9 mm ( 1 . 30 in ) . Distribution and conservation O. albiventer occurs at about 1 , 200 to 1 , 800 m ( 3 , 900 to 5 , 900 ft ) elevation in northern Michoacn , southern Guanajuato , and central and eastern Jalisco , mostly in the area around Lake Chapala . Its range has seen massive agricultural development and although populations may survive , the current distribution of the species is certainly highly fragmented . More survey work is needed to assess the distribution and status of O. albiventer .
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3,112 | John P. Daley ( born December 5 , 1946 ) is the 11th Ward Democratic Committeeman in Chicago , Illinois , a member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners ( 11th District ) , and the Chair of the Cook County Board Audit and Finance Committee . He has previously served in both the Illinois State Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives , as well as being employed as a school teacher . He is the son of former Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley and brother of former Mayor Richard M. Daley , as well as William M. Daley , former White House Chief of Staff under President Obama and United States Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton . Unlike his brothers , he continues to live in the neighborhood the family was raised in . Daley is also an insurance broker who earns several hundred thousand dollars a year in this second job . In 2005 , the City of Chicago endured a hired truck corruption scandal involving bribe money . The case involved a federal investigation and criminal charges to Daley associates . Personal Daley was born and raised in the Bridgeport neighborhood on Chicago 's South Side . He is the second youngest child of former six term Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley and Eleanor Sis Daley . Daley is an alumnus of St. Ignatius College Preparatory School and Loyola University . He was about eight years old when his father was first elected mayor and grew up at unk South Lowe with Chicago Police Department patrol cars famously stationed out front at all times , however the Daley children walked to school unescorted . When John 's wedding to Mary Lou unk was announced in the April 24 , 1975 edition of unk Tribune , the headline read Daley 's son to wed hood 's daughter due to his unk ' father , Louis unk , linked to connections with organized crime . Daley is currently the only son of the former mayor who still lives in Bridgeport Political career Daley serves as the Ward Democratic Committeeman for the same 11th Ward that his father and brother served before him in the same capacity . He assumed the position in 1980 from his brother who left the post to become Cook County 's State 's Attorney . Daley oversees the ward 's 50 precincts and their captains as well as assistants year round . Among the duties of the ward committeemen are to determine Democratic endorsed nominees for office in their region . For example , when a United States Congressman such as Bill Lipinski leaves an unexpired term of office , Daley and other Ward unk from affected districts such as Edward M. Burke and Michael Madigan meet to endorse a new candidate such as Dan Lipinski . John Vitek resigned from the Illinois House of Representatives on September 19 , 1985 due to health reasons , which made way for Daley 's appointment . In the Illinois House of Representatives , Daley served the 21st District . In 1989 , when his brother Mayor elect Richard Daley named Tim Degnan to his cabinet , John was able to move from the Illinois House of Representatives into Degnan 's seat in the Illinois Senate that Degnan had assumed when Richard Daley went on to become Cook County states attorney nine years earlier . In 1991 , the Republican Party controlled the decennial redistricting and the Illinois State Senate districts were drawn to place John Daley into an unfavorable majority Black district . In 1991 , Charles Bernardini vacated a seat on the Cook County Board . On February 3 , 1992 , after a few months of political dealings , Daley was voted in as the new 10th Chicago member of the Board by the other nine . Pamela unk was Daley 's successors in both moves from Illinois General Assembly posts . When John Stroger , who was first elected to the Cook County Board of Commissioners in 1970 and who served three terms as President beginning in 1994 , suffered a stroke on March 14 , 2006 , Daley was mentioned as a likely fill in who could be trusted until Stroger 's son , Todd Stroger , could run to replace his father as President and William Beavers could run for his seat in the November 2006 elections . Time described Daley as the second most powerful person on the board at the time . In 2001 , U.S. News World Report felt Daley might rise to the presidency of the board himself on more than an interim basis . On the Cook County Board , he serves as chairman of the Audit and Finance committees . He is a member of the Health Hospital , Information Technology Automation , and Rules Administration committees . Insurance career In 1973 when he was 26 , Daley first met with controversy involving his insurance career . At that time , the press made an issue of his father 's decision to shift some of the city 's insurance business to the Evanston , Illinois insurance firm with which John had business ties . In 2003 , Daley confirmed that he earned US 400 , 000 annually from insurance commissions . In 2005 , a hired truck scandal involved a client of Daley who plead guilty in the bribes for work scandal . Several of Daley 's 11th Ward organization political operatives were charged or accused of being involved in the situation . Daley , however , escaped direct involvement in the ordeal , which was investigated by United States Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald in a federal investigation . Daley 's business causes him many conflicts of interests in the course of business as a Commissioner on the Cook County Board . He frequently recuses himself or abstains from voting on various matters of business because of his extensive insurance network . Several of his clients do millions of dollars of business with the city and some are active in the city 's hired truck program . In addition to his own clients , he is an officer in another insurance company that has no city government business .
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3,113 | Mutinus elegans , commonly known as the elegant stinkhorn , the dog stinkhorn , the headless stinkhorn , or the devil 's dipstick , is a species of fungus in the Phallaceae family . A saprobic species , it is typically found growing on the ground singly or in small groups on woody debris or leaf litter , during summer and autumn in Japan , Europe , and eastern North America . The fruit body begins its development in an egg form , resembling somewhat a puffball partially submerged in the ground . As the fungus matures , a slender orange to pink colored stalk emerges that tapers evenly to a pointed tip . The stalk is covered with a foul smelling slimy green spore mass on the upper third of its length . Flies and other insects feed upon the slime which contains the spores , assisting in their dispersal . Due to their repellent odor , mature specimens are not generally considered edible , although there are reports of the immature eggs being consumed . In the laboratory , Mutinus elegans has been shown to inhibit the growth of several microorganisms that can be pathogenic to humans . Taxonomy Mutinus elegans was first described by British missionary John Banister in 1679 who chronicled the natural history of Virginia this early report is thought to be the first account of a fungus in North America . It was first characterized scientifically by French scientist Jean Pierre Franois Camille Montagne in 1856 , who called it unk elegans . The genus name Mutinus refers to a phallic deity , Mutinus unk , one of the Roman di unk placated by Roman brides . The species is commonly known variously as the elegant stinkhorn , the headless stinkhorn , the dog stinkhorn , or the devil 's dipstick . The specific epithet elegans is derived from the Latin word meaning graceful or elegant . Description The young fruiting bodies are initially white and spherical or egg shaped , partially submerged in the ground , with dimensions of 2 to 3 cm ( 0 . 8 to 1 . 2 in ) by 1 to 2 cm ( 0 . 4 to 0 . 8 in ) . As the fruit body matures , the egg ruptures and the spongy spore bearing stalk emerges fully grown , it may be from 1 to 15 cm ( 0 . 4 to 5 . 9 in ) long and 1 . 5 to 2 cm ( 0 . 6 to 0 . 8 in ) thick . The stalk is hollow and strongly wrinkled overall its shape is cylindrical below , but it gradually tapers to a narrow apex with a small opening at the tip . The upper half of the stalk is bright red to reddish orange , and the color gradually loses intensity transforming into pinkish white below . The stalk may be straight , or slightly curved . A gelatinous greenish brown gleba covers the upper third of the stalk in newly emerged specimens . The remains of the egg forms a volva around the base of the stalk . The odor of the gleba is foul one author describes it as sickly sweet or metallic . The spores are a greenish brown color . Fruit bodies are attached to the substrate by whitish rhizomorphs that resemble plant roots . American mycologist Smith noted that the eggs are often slow to open , sometimes taking up to two weeks before the stalk expands . The spores are 4 7 by 2 3 m , oblong elliptical , smooth , and embedded in the gleba . A 1982 study revealed that spores of species in the Phallaceae family , including Mutinus elegans , have a hilar scar ( 0 . 2 0 . 3 m diameter ) that is observable with scanning electron microscopy . The hilar scar is a circular indentation at one end of the spore , and it most likely results during the separation of the attachment of the spore to the sterigma of the basidium . Edibility The immature egg forms of Mutinus elegans are edible , but not recommended . One field guides notes that the eggs of the stinkhorn fungi taste like the seasonings that are added to them . The fetid odor of mature specimens would probably be repellent to most , although they are not considered poisonous . Similar species The dog stinkhorn ( Mutinus caninus ) is smaller , has a distinct oval or spindle shaped tip on a slender stem and lacks the bright coloring of M. elegans it has less of the stalk covered by gleba . The portion of the stalk below the spore mass is pitted in M. caninus , compared to pebbly in M. elegans . M. caninus is also less common than M. elegans . Mutinus unk is similar in size and shape , except it does not have a distinct color demarcation between the upper and lower parts of the stalk instead , the entire stem shows red pigments . The stalk of M. ravenelii is less tapered than M. elegans , and it has a clearly differentiated swollen head . Habitat and distribution Mutinus elegans is saprobic deriving nutrients by breaking down dead or dying organic matter . It is commonly found in gardens and farm areas enriched with manure , near well decayed stumps and logs , and in wood chips . A Japanese publication mentioned its occurrence in Takatsuki and Osaka fu , where it fruited in November and December on the ground along paths or in open spaces , under or near bamboo ( unk unk ) and hardwoods such as the Sawtooth Oak , the Japanese unk , and the Camphor tree . This common species has been collected in eastern North America , in the area extending from Quebec to Florida and west to the Great Lakes , Iowa , and Texas . In Europe , it has been reported from Netherlands and in Asia , it has been collected in Japan . Antibiotic activity A study of 32 basidiomycete mushrooms showed that Mutinus elegans was the only species to show antibiotic ( both antibacterial and antifungal ) activity against all six microorganisms tested , namely , the human pathogenic unk Bacillus unk , Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Salmonella typhimurium and the yeast Candida albicans .
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3,114 | I Love Bacon is a cookbook with over fifty recipes devoted to bacon and bacon dishes , many of them from celebrity chefs . The book was written by Jayne Rockmill and photography was provided by Ben Fink . Broken down into eight sections , the book covered how to make homemade bacon and moves onto brunch and small bites before covering soups , salads and sides , pasta , fish , meat , and desserts . I Love Bacon was published in October 2010 by Andrews McMeel Publishing and met with favorable reviews for its unique dishes and helpful culinary tips for novices . Background The book 's author , Jayne Rockmill , is a literary agent based in New York City whose clients include Tony Caputo , Franois unk , and the professional photographer and storm chaser , Jim Reed . Rockmill had also become involved in producing charity food and wine events , and is a longtime supporter of the New York City Food Bank and Share Our Strength , which focuses on ending childhood hunger . She conceived the book as a way to help raise money for their work , and a portion of the proceeds from I Love Bacon will be donated to the two charities . Rockmill began by asking chefs she knew personally to donate bacon recipes , and then contacted others across the United States . In some cases , she adapted the original recipes in collaboration with the chefs . The book 's illustrator is the well known food photographer , Ben Fink , whose photographs appear in Food Wine , Bon Apptit , unk and publications of the Culinary Institute of America . A native of Memphis , Tennessee now based in New York , Fink illustrated Jacques Ppin 's , Fast Food My Way ( 2004 ) and Maggie unk 's Artisan Baking Across America ( 2000 ) for which he won a James Beard Foundation Award in 2001 . Some of Fink 's more unusual food photographs are those for Martha Hopkins and Randall unk 's 1997 unk An unk Cookbook , where the food is photographed against the background of a naked human body . Contents I Love Bacon contains over 50 recipes from celebrity chefs including Cat Cora , John unk , Ming Tsai , and Chris Cosentino , as well as brief biographies of the chefs themselves . It presents basic bacon recipes as well as dishes with bacon as one of the chief ingredients . The recipes are grouped into eight sections beginning with Make Your Own Bacon which has recipes for Classic Cured Bacon , Spicy Braised Bacon , Soy Ginger Braised Bacon , Crispy Pork Belly , and Chinese Style Pork Belly . The remaining seven sections ( Brunch Small Bites Soups , Salads and Sides , Pasta , Fish , Meat and Desserts ) contain recipes for dishes using bacon as one of the main ingredients . The Brunch section begins with a recipe from Seattle based Black Rock Spirits for unk Bloody Mary , a variant on the traditional Bloody Mary cocktail using bacon infused vodka with the glass rim dipped in lime juice and finely crumbled grilled bacon . Although the majority of recipes in this section feature bacon with its traditional brunch partner , eggs , there is also a recipe for Mediterranean unk . This version of the classic BLT sandwich pairs the bacon , lettuce and tomato with toasted focaccia bread and red pepper aioli in place of mayonnaise . Another version of the BLT using toasted brioche and sun dried tomatoes cut into mini sandwiches appears in the Small Bites section which is devoted to bacon based hors d unk . Among the recipes in Soups , Salads and Sides are Egg Chowder with Bacon and New Potatoes , Grilled Bacon and Cucumber Salad with Chili Caramel Dressing , and Spicy Braised Bacon with unk Beans and Treviso unk which uses thickly sliced pork belly bacon . The Pasta section has a recipe for Bacon Mac and Cheese from Julie Taras Wallach , the chef and co owner of the unk Parson and Little Giant restaurants in New York City . Her variant on the traditional macaroni and cheese uses unk pasta seasoned with unk mustard , thyme , rosemary , garlic , and nutmeg and incorporates sauteed onion and pieces of grilled bacon . One of the recipes in the Meat section , Veal and Foie Gras Meatloaf Wrapped in Bacon , comes from Mark Allen , who in 1997 became the youngest chef , and the first American , to have headed The Dining Room at the Ritz Carlton in Boston . Allen also contributed a recipe for the Fish section , Whole Roasted unk with Carrots and Bacon . Other dishes in that section include unk Wrapped unk with Cauliflower unk and Bluefish with Corn , Avocado , and Bacon Salad . Like its somewhat lengthier predecessors , Sara Perry 's Everything Tastes Better with Bacon ( 2002 ) , Pruess and Lape 's Seduced by Bacon ( 2006 ) , and James Villas 's The Bacon Cookbook ( 2007 ) , Rockmill 's I Love Bacon includes sweet dishes using bacon . Among the recipes in the Desserts section are Bacon Panna Cotta with unk , Cane Sugar and Bacon Iced unk , and Cat Cora 's Pig Candy Ice Cream . Cora 's recipe uses a pound ( .454 kilograms ) of chopped unk smoked bacon per quart ( unk litres ) of brown sugar sweetened vanilla ice cream . Reception Carol Johnson writing in the Kansas City Star described I Love Bacon as both a cookbook with inventive recipes and a mini course in some of the country 's top restaurants . Johnson noted that not all recipes were for beginners , but found the accompanying notes for many of the recipes with information about techniques and ingredients to be helpful . She described Ben Fink 's photography as vivid and mouth watering , if a little spare . The Republic of Bacon website favorably reviewed the cookbook for its ability to go beyond the standard classic cured bacon dishes and the added biographies of the leading industry chefs which contributed recipes to the book .
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3,115 | SMS Erzherzog Karl ( German His Majesty 's ship Archduke Karl ) was a pre dreadnought battleship built by the Austro Hungarian navy in 1902 . The lead ship of the Erzherzog Karl class , she was launched on 3 October 1903 . They were assigned to the III Battleship Division . For most of World War I , Erzherzog Karl remained in her home port of Pula , in present day Croatia , except for four engagements . In 1914 , she formed part of the Austro Hungarian flotilla sent to protect the escape of the German ships SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau from the British held Mediterranean she advanced as far as Brindisi before being recalled to her home port . Her sole combat engagement occurred in late May 1915 , when she participated in the bombardment of the Italian port city of Ancona . She also took part in suppressing a major mutiny among the crew members of several armored cruisers stationed in Cattaro between 1 3 February 1918 . She also attempted to break through the Otranto Barrage in June of that year , but had to retreat when the dreadnought SMS Szent Istvn was sunk . After the war , Erzherzog Karl was awarded to the French as a war prize , but ran aground at Bizerte . She was scrapped in Italy in 1921 . Design Erzherzog Karl displaced 10 , 472 long tons ( 10 , 640 t ) . She was 414 feet 2 inches ( 126 . 2 m ) long , had a beam of 71 feet 5 inches ( 21 . 8 m ) and a draft of 24 feet 7 inches ( 7 . 5 m ) . She was manned by 700 men . She and her sisters were the last and largest pre dreadnought class built by the Austro Hungarian Navy , surpassing the Habsburg class by approximately 2 , 000 tonnes ( 1 , 968 long tons ) . The ships were propelled by two two shaft , four cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines . On trials , they developed 18 , 000 ihp ( 13 , 423 kW ) , which propelled the ship at a speed of 20 . 5 knots ( 38 . 0 km h 23 . 6 mph ) . On trials , Erzherzog Karl 's engines managed to produce a knot more speed than was originally planned . Erzherzog Karl carried a primary armament of four 24 centimeter ( 9 . 4 in ) 40 caliber guns in two twin turrets on the centerline . These guns were an Austro Hungarian replica of the British 24 cm 40 ( 9 . 4 ) Krupp C 94 , which was used on the Habsburgs . Her secondary armament consisted of twelve 19 centimeter ( 7 . 5 in ) 42 caliber guns , also made by koda , mounted in eight single casemates on either wing of the ship and two single midships turrets on the either wing of the ship . They could fire a 97 kilograms ( 214 lb ) armor piercing shell 20 , 000 metres ( 22 , 000 yd ) at maximum elevation with a muzzle velocity of 800 metres per second ( 2 , 600 ft s ) . The gun weighed 12 . 1 tons and could fire three rounds per minute . The ships had a tertiary armament for protection against torpedo boats in the form of the 6 . 6 centimetres ( 2 . 6 in ) 45 caliber gun , also manufactured by koda . Anti aircraft and airship protection was covered by the four 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) Vickers anti aircraft guns on the ship bought from Britain in 1910 and mounted onto Erzherzog Karl . Erzherzog Karl was also fitted with two above water 45 centimeter ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes , although they were rarely used . Service history At the outbreak of World War I , Erzherzog Karl was in the III division of the Austrian Hungarian battle fleet . She was mobilized on the eve of the war along with the remainder of the fleet to support the flight of SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau . The two German ships were attempting to break out of Messina , which was surrounded by British troops , and make their way to Turkey . The breakout succeeded . When the flotilla had advanced as far south as Brindisi in south eastern Italy , the Austro Hungarian ships were recalled . In company with other units of the Austro Hungarian navy , Erzherzog Karl took part in the bombardment of Ancona on 24 May 1915 . There she and her sisters expended 24 rounds of 240 mm armor piercing shells at signal and semaphore stations as well as 74 rounds of 190 mm shells aimed at Italian gun batteries and other port installations . A major mutiny among crews of the armored cruisers stationed in Cattaro , including Sankt Georg and Kaiser Karl VI , began on 1 February 1918 . Two days later , the three Erzherzog Karl class ships arrived in the port and assisted with the suppression of the mutiny . Following the restoration of order in the naval base , the armored cruisers Sankt Georg and Kaiser Karl VI were decommissioned and Erzherzog Karl and her sisters were stationed in Cattaro in their place . For the morning of 11 June , Admiral Miklos Horthy planned a major assault on the Otranto Barrage the three Erzherzog Karls and the four Tegetthoff class battleships were to provide support for the Novara class cruisers . The plan was intended to replicate the success of the raid conducted one year earlier . Horthy 's plan was to destroy the blockading fleet by luring Allied ships to the cruisers and lighter ships , which were protected from the heavier guns of the battleships , including the guns of the Erzherzog Karl class . However , on the morning of 10 June , the dreadnought Szent Istvn was torpedoed and sunk by an Italian torpedo boat . Horthy felt that the element of surprise had been compromised , and therefore called off the operation . This was to be the last military action the Erzherzog Karl class ships were to take part in and they spent the rest of their career at port in Pula . Following the end of World War I in November 1918 , Erzherzog Karl was first taken over by Yugoslavia in 1919 , but was then ceded as a war reparation to France . Erzherzog Karl ran aground at Bizerte on her voyage to Toulon and was eventually broken up in situ .
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3,116 | USS Freedom ( ID 3024 ) was a cargo and transport ship in the United States Navy during World War I. Originally SS Wittekind for the North German Lloyd line , the ship also served as USAT Iroquois and USAT Freedom after being seized by the United States in 1917 . SS Wittekind was built in Germany for the Bremen New York service of the Roland Line service of North German Lloyd , and was the sister ship of SS Willehad . In March 1900 Wittekind was lengthened because her cargo capacity was found lacking . Later that same year , Wittekind was among the first transports to carry German Empire troops as part of the Eight Nation Alliance intended to put down the Boxer Rebellion in China . In August 1914 , at the start of World War I , the ship was interned at Boston in the neutral United States . When the U.S. entered that conflict in April 1917 , Wittekind was seized and turned over to the United States Shipping Board . Renamed Iroquois , the ship was chartered to the United States Army as a cargo ship after a refit , and , in 1918 , was renamed Freedom . In January 1919 the ship was commissioned into the United States Navy , and carried almost 5 , 000 troops home from Europe before her decommissioning in September . Held in reserve for transport duty , the ship was laid up for five years before being scrapped in 1924 . SS Wittekind SS Wittekind was built by Blohm Voss of Hamburg for North German Lloyd s Roland Line , which was a fortnightly steerage and freight service from Bremen to New York . Launched on 3 February 1894 , Wittekind named for Wittekind ( c . 730 808 ) , the Duke of Saxony and sister ship Willehad were the first twin screw steamers expressly built for North German Lloyd . The new liner sailed on her maiden voyage to Hoboken , New Jersey on 14 April . Wittekind and sister ship Willehad were both quickly found to be deficient in cargo space , and plans were made to lengthen both vessels ( though Willehad was never lengthened ) . Wittekind ' s bridge was moved forward and a cargo hatch was installed behind it . After this , the ship was cut into two parts forward of the bridge 's new position , and a new 18 . 29 meter ( 60 . 0 ft ) section was inserted , which greatly increased the cargo capacity . Sources disagree as to where the procedure was performed with one reporting it was performed at the unk Yard in Germany , while another claims it was done by Tyne unk Drydock Co . , at Newcastle . Wherever the work was performed , it was completed by March 1900 . On 3 July 1900 , Wittekind sailed from Bremerhaven with Frankfurt as the initial transport ships to depart with troops of Germany s contribution to the Eight Nation Alliance intended to put down the Boxer Rebellion in China . Wittekind remained in naval service as a transport and hospital ship through late October 1901 . After her naval service ended , Wittekind sailed variously to Baltimore , Maryland Galveston , Texas Montreal and ports in South America through mid 1914 . At sea and headed for Montreal when the United Kingdom declared war on the German Empire , Wittekind instead headed for Boston and safety in the then neutral United States . The steamer carrying a cargo of lead and coal tar products reportedly worth 1 , 000 , 000 slipped past British cruiser Essex in a dense fog near Sable Island . Wittekind ' s wireless operator calculated that the ship passed fewer than 10 nautical miles ( 19 km ) from Essex . The steamer was interned by the U.S. and her Canadian bound passengers 18 unk , and 305 steerage class who were not allowed to remain in the United States were greeted by the Canadian Commissioner of Immigration who was stationed at Boston . Wittekind was joined in Boston by sister ship Willehad North German Lloyd line mates Kronprinzessin Cecilie and Kln the Hamburg America Line steamers SS Amerika and Cincinnati and Hansa Line freighter Ockenfels . In March 1916 , all except Kronprinzessin Cecilie and Ockenfels were moved from their waterfront piers to an anchorage across the harbor from the Boston Navy Yard . Daily neutrality duty by United States Coast Guard harbor tug unk kept a watchful eye on the ships . Many crew members of the ships eventually went ashore , were processed through immigration , and found employment , while a contingent of musicians from the vessels toured New England , frequently playing at department stores and restaurants , and drawing the ire of the local musicians ' union . After the U.S. declared war on Germany , Wittekind and the other interned ships were seized on 6 April 1917 and handed over to the United States Shipping Board ( USSB ) . United States service in World War I After her seizure and refitting , the former liner was chartered to the United States Army as USAT Iroquois . In 1918 , her name was again changed , this time to Freedom . On 24 January 1919 , Freedom was acquired by the United States Navy and commissioned the same day , with Lieutenant J. C. C. Holier , USNRF , in command . Freedom was assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force , and after overhaul at New York , sailed on a voyage to Saint Nazaire , France , and embarked troops for return to the United States . The cargo ship made two more voyages to France , each to Brest , with a visit to Norfolk , Virginia , between trips . She returned a total of 4 , 983 troops on her voyages from France . She arrived at Hoboken on 5 September 1919 and was assigned to duty in the 3rd Naval District . Freedom was decommissioned at New York on 23 September and returned to the USSB the same day . The veteran ship was transferred to the United States Army transport reserve , and was laid up for five years . On 24 February 1924 , Freedom arrived at Baltimore for scrapping .
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3,117 | Why Does It Hurt So Bad is a song recorded by American singer Whitney Houston for the 1995 film Waiting to Exhale . It was released on July 7 , 1996 , by Arista Records as the seventh and final single from the accompanying soundtrack . The song was written and produced solely by Babyface . Musically , it is an R B ballad , and the lyrics chronicle a lovelorn lament . The song garnered positive reviews from critics , who commended Houston 's vocal effort . It charted in the United States on the Billboard Hot 100 , peaking at number twenty six . It also reached a peak position of number twenty two in the Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart and number six on the Adult Contemporary chart . In Canada , the song reached a peak of number forty five on the RPM Singles chart . Although there is no official music video for the song , a performance of the song at the 1996 MTV Movie Awards was taped and is used as a promotional clip . The song was later included as a medley , in her My Love Is Your Love World Tour ( 1999 ) , along with a few other songs . Background Houston starred in the 1995 romance film Waiting to Exhale , directed by Forest Whittaker . Although Houston did not intend to contribute to the film 's soundtrack , when Whittaker hired Babyface to score the soundtrack , she opted in . Babyface , Houston and some other African American female singers recorded songs for the album . The song was one of the final additions to the soundtrack . Why Does It Hurt So Bad was originally written by Babyface for Houston , two years prior to the release of Waiting to Exhale , but Houston refused to record it at that time . I wasn 't really in the mood for singing about why it hurts so bad , said Houston . Two years later , according to Chris Willman of Entertainment Weekly , the emotions of the movie merged with the real life circumstances of Houston 's troubled marriage to Bobby Brown . Now , I 'm ready to sing not only the joys of things , but the pains of things , also , Houston explained . Composition Why Does It Hurt So Bad is an R B ballad . The song was written and produced by Kenneth Brian Edmonds , popularly known as Babyface . According to the sheet music book for The Greatest Hits at Sheetmusicplus.com , the song is written in the key of B major , and moves at a tempo of 69 beats per minute . It is set in time signature of common time and features a basic chord progression of B E Em C m G 7 . Houston 's vocals span from the note of Am7 to the note of D5 . According to Stephen Holden of New York Times , the song is a lovelorn lament with a realistic twist . He noted that , through the verses , the singer congratulates herself for breaking up with an abusive boyfriend and admits that she is still in love . Reception The song garnered mainly positive reviews from critics . Craig Lytle of Allmusic noted that Houston 's voice sailed through the song . Christopher John Farley of TIME commented Houston particularly held her own , with a masterly balance of pop , zip , and soulful melancholy . Steve Knopper of Newsday wrote It 's lower key and the singer , who also stars in the film , doesn 't feel compelled to perform constant vocal feats . A writer for Boston Herald noted that the song was understated . Similarly , Larry Flick of Billboard commented that the song should have been released as the follow up to Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) . Paired with Babyface , Houston is positively luminous on this heartbreak ballad , performing with a perfect blend of theatrical melodrama and guttural soul , he added . Deborah Wilker of South Florida Sun Sentinel was mixed in her review commenting that the song was a predictably histrionic follow up to Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) . But , Nick Krewen of The Spectator was even less enthusiastic , writing ... the two guaranteed Whitney Houston hits ' Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) ' and ' Why Does It Hurt So Bad ' don 't really offer anything new . Similarly , Cary Darling of Rome News Tribune gave a negative review . She noted that the ballad ' Why Does It Hurt So Bad ' is more standard Whitney fare . Released as the seventh and final single from the Waiting to Exhale Original Soundtrack Album , the song debuted at number 60 on the Billboard Hot 100 , on the issue dated August 3 , 1996 . On the same issue , the song debuted at number 34 on the Hot R B Hip Hop Singles chart . The song later reached a peak of number 26 on the Hot 100 , and 22 on the R B Hip Hop Singles chart . It also reached number six on the Adult Contemporary chart , while reaching a peak of 39 on the Adult Pop Songs chart . In Canada , the song debuted at number 98 on the RPM Singles chart , on the July 22 , 1996 issue . Later , on the September 15 , 1996 issue , it reached a peak of number 45 . Music video and live performances The song was not promoted through an official music video , although Houston appeared at the 1996 MTV Movie Awards held at Walt Disney Studios , Burbank and performed Why Does It Hurt So Bad . The performance was directed and taped by Bruce Gowers and was later used as a promotional clip to accompany the song . The performance features Houston sitting on a chair , wearing a white outfit , and singing the song . Houston performed the song on her My Love Is Your Love World Tour , in 1999 . The song was performed as a part of the Movie Medley , along with I Believe in You and Me , It Hurts Like Hell , originally performed by Aretha Franklin , and I Will Always Love You . This performance was taped in Sopot , Poland , on August 22 , 1999 and broadcast on Polish television channel , unk . Track listing Credits and personnel Retrieved from CD liner notes Charts
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3,118 | Savaric fitzGeldewin ( sometimes Savaric unk or Savaric de Bohun died 8 August 1205 ) was an Englishman who became Bishop of Bath and Glastonbury in England . Related to his predecessor as well as to the German Emperor Henry VI , he was elected bishop on the urging of his predecessor , who urged his election on the cathedral chapter of Bath . While bishop , Savaric spent many years attempting to annexe Glastonbury Abbey as part of his bishopric . Savaric also worked to secure the release of King Richard I of England from captivity , when the king was held by Emperor Henry VI . Early life Savaric 's date of birth is unknown . His father was unk , who was a member of the Bohun family and was probably a second cousin of Reginald fitzJocelin , Bishop of Bath . unk 's father was Savaric unk , who held Midhurst in Sussex . The elder Savaric 's wife was Muriel , who was a granddaughter of Humphrey de Bohun . The younger Savaric 's mother unk was a Burgundian and related to the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI . Savaric 's elder brother was Franco . Thus the younger Savaric was a cousin of Emperor Henry VI and also of Reginald fitzJocelin , his predecessor as Bishop of Bath . Savaric first appears in the historical record in 1157 when he is named as a canon of Coutances Cathedral in Normandy . He then was archdeacon of Countances from 1162 to 1174 . He was Treasurer of Salisbury in 1174 and archdeacon of Northampton from 1175 to 1187 . The medieval chronicler Ralph Diceto says that a Savaric was appointed as Archdeacon of Canterbury , but whether this was the same Savaric is unclear . He incurred large debts to King Henry II of England , which caused the king to complain to Pope Urban III . During the years 1182 1184 , Savaric was deprived of his archdeaconries , which may have been connected to the debt issue with the king . Bishop Savaric went with Henry 's son and successor King Richard I on crusade , and it was while they both were in Sicily that Savaric obtained his bishopric . In December 1191 he was elected Bishop of Bath . Savaric 's election was held under controversial conditions , for Savaric had obtained from Richard I letters allowing Savaric to be elected to the next available bishopric . When Savaric 's cousin Reginald was elected to Canterbury in 1191 , Reginald went to Bath and pressed the clergy there to select Savaric as Reginald 's successor . On the strength of the letters from Richard , the justiciar Walter de Coutances ratified the election of Savaric . The canons of Wells objected because they had not been consulted , but Savaric was ordained a priest on 19 September 1192 at Rome . He was consecrated bishop there on 20 September 1192 by the Bishop of Albano . He went on the Third Crusade with Richard . When Richard was held for ransom in Germany while returning from crusade , Savaric met with his cousin the Emperor Henry VI in an attempt to secure Richard 's release . He remained in Germany throughout 1193 and continued to be involved in the negotiations , until he returned to England at the end of the year . Once Richard was released , Savaric was one of the hostages left behind in Germany to ensure the payment of the remainder of the ransom . It may have been while he was in Germany negotiating about Richard 's ransom that he was named imperial chancellor of Burgundy , but as he was not named by that title until 1197 , the exact date of his occupation of the office is unclear . Controversy with Glastonbury After his consecration , Savaric traded the city of Bath to the king in return for the monastery of Glastonbury . Savaric secured the support of Pope Celestine III for the takeover the abbey as the seat of his bishopric , replacing Bath . The plan was that Savaric would be bishop of Bath as well as abbot of Glastonbury . In his support , Savaric obtained letters from various ecclesiastics , including the Archbishop of Canterbury , Hubert Walter , that claimed that this arrangement would settle longstanding disputes between the abbey and the bishops . The monks of Glastonbury objected to Savaric 's plan , and sent an appeal to Rome , which was dismissed in 1196 . But King Richard , no longer imprisoned in Germany , sided with the monks , and allowed them to elect an abbot , William Pica , in place of Savaric , who responded by excommunicating the new abbot . With the succession of John as king in place of his brother Richard in 1199 , Savaric managed to force his way into the monastery and set up his episcopal see within the abbey . The monks appealed to Innocent III , the new pope . At first , Innocent took the side of the monks , and lifted Pica 's excommunication . While the newest appeal was taking place , Pica and a number of his supporters , who had traveled to Rome to appeal in person , died in Rome in 1200 , and some of the monks alleged this was by poison administered on the orders of Savaric . Meanwhile , Innocent had changed his mind , and reinstalled Savaric as abbot , ordering some English clergy to judge the specifics of the case , and allot the revenues of the abbey between Savaric and the monks . Savaric then attempted to secure more control over other monasteries in his diocese , but died before he could set the plans in motion . Death and legacy Savaric died at Civitavecchia or Siena on 8 August 1205 while visiting the papacy in Rome on business for Peter des Roches , Bishop elect of Winchester . He was there to support Roches election which had been contested . Roches also supported Savaric in his struggles with Glastonbury , loaning the bishop money and being appointed to a papal commission to deal with Savaric 's petitions , which went nowhere because Savaric died before the commission first met . He was buried at Bath .
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3,119 | The Winslow Ames House is a prefabricated modular International Style house in New London , Connecticut , United States . It was designed by Robert W. McLaughlin , Jr. and was built in 1933 . Winslow Ames , a professor of art history at Connecticut College and the art director of the Lyman Allyn Museum , had the home built after attending the Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago . Constructed for 7 , 500 , the prefabricated house is one of two surviving unk produced by McLaughlin 's company American Houses Inc . The modular house , comprising three rectangles and a flat roof , was constructed on a concrete slab with a welded steel framework . It was made with asbestos panels and features a core component that provides the heating and plumbing functions for the house . The other two modules feature two bedrooms and a one car garage . Ames and his family resided in the house briefly , the Connecticut College acquired the house in 1949 and used it for faculty housing until 1986 . The house was in a state of disrepair by 1989 and was a hazard due to its construction with asbestos panels . It was slated to be demolished , but Ms. Hendrickson rallied supporter to the save the house after uncovering its history . A restoration and rehabilitation project was completed in 1994 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 . The other prefabricated house built by Ames , House at 130 Mohegan Avenue , was also added the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 . Construction The Winslow Ames House was unlike other homes of the 1930s , it is a modular home that was constructed on a concrete slab and constructed with a welded steel framework . The designer of the house was John B. McLaughlin Jr . , who co founded American Houses Inc. in 1932 . McLaughlin 's designs focused on inexpensive housing through mass production and new materials and technology . The International Style house was modular and intended to allow easy enlargement , dismantling and relocation of the structure if needed . The houses , termed unk , featured modular unk that contained heating and plumbing equipment . The use of steel in the prefabricated homes would later be limited by World War II , which made steel unavailable for civilian use . After the war , prefabricated homes were typically made of wood and offices were normally constructed of steel and concrete . The house bears the name of Winslow Ames , a professor of art history at Connecticut College and the art director of the Lyman Allyn Museum . In 1933 , Ames decided to construct two houses on the museum owned property after seeing prefabricated homes at the Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago . Ames had a strong interest in the Modernism movement and believed such houses would become predominant . The Ames house cost 7 , 500 , similar to other McLaughlin houses from 1933 and 1934 , which ranged from 3 , 500 to 7 , 500 each . Later , Ames and his family would briefly take up residence in the house . The other house , known as the House at 130 Mohegan Avenue would be added the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 . The Winslow Ames house rests on a concrete foundation and has a welded steel skeleton . The walls were made of 4 feet ( 1 . 2 m ) white painted panels that were constructed of asbestos board over an insulating core . The two story house is composed of three rectangular modules , offset to create an irregular plan , with a flat roof structure . The largest block in the middle contains the service core with the kitchen and bathroom . The left block contains the main entry , stair hall and two bedrooms . The right block consists of the one car garage and its second story only covers its overlap with the middle block . Use The house was ready for occupancy in 1934 and was used by many tenants , but the Ames sold the house to the Connecticut College in 1949 . Sometime after its completion , Winslow Ames and his family lived in the house for a brief period . From 1949 to 1987 , the college used it for faculty housing . One of the tenets , Mary Kent , lived in the house with her husband and three children from 1958 through 1961 . Throughout its life the original furnace , kitchen cabinets , plumbing fixtures were replaced , but the core module has retained its purpose . The house fell into a state of disrepair , becoming an eyesore . By 1989 , the college was concerned with the asbestos in the building and obtained a permit to demolish the house the college intended to use the land for a boathouse . After its restoration was completed , the Connecticut College uses the house as an office and for meeting rooms . Restoration The house was saved through the efforts of Ms. Hendrickson , who uncovered the history surrounding the house and its designer . The house was a deemed a rare survivor because only one other unk remained in White Plains , New York . Hendrickson gathered supporters , including from the students and faculty of the college and New London Landmarks to save the house . The demolition was delayed and in May 1990 , the Connecticut Historical Commission gave the college 24 , 000 . The college matched the funds , which were originally planned for its demolition . During the restoration , the asbestos board panels were covered over non asbestos panels that mimic the appearance of the original . A new roof was installed and the windows were replaced with vertical casement windows which were originally used . The interior and exterior of the house was coated with white paint , but the restoration did not revert the flooring to the original unk rectangles . The restoration project was completed in 1994 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 .
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3,120 | New York State Route 18F ( NY 18F ) is a 9 . 80 mile ( 15 . 77 km ) long state highway in northwestern Niagara County , New York , in the United States . The southern terminus of the route is at an interchange with NY 104 and the Niagara Scenic State Parkway just east of the village of Lewiston . The northern terminus is at an intersection with NY 18 near Four Mile Creek State Park in Porter . NY 18F parallels NY 18 for most of its alignment , taking a more westerly course than its parent . NY 18F is the only remaining suffixed route of NY 18 . The portion of modern NY 18F south of Youngstown was originally designated as part of NY 34 in 1924 however , NY 34 was absorbed into NY 18 as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York . The change was part of a larger extension of NY 18 east to Rochester . NY 18 was realigned in 1949 to follow its modern alignment between Lewiston and Lake Ontario , at which time its former routing alongside the Niagara River became NY 18F . Route description Officially , NY 18F begins at the eastern edge of the village of Lewiston at an interchange between NY 104 and the Niagara Scenic Parkway . Signage for NY 18F , however , exists as far south as the interchange between NY 104 and NY 18 south of the village . According to signage , NY 18F is concurrent to NY 104 from NY 18 north to the interchange between NY 104 and the Moses Parkway , where NY 18F and NY 104 split at the western extent of the interchange . The Seaway Trail , routed along NY 104 from Niagara Falls north to Lewiston , follows NY 18F west into Lewiston along the path of Ridge Road , here named Center Street . At 4th Street , NY 18F turns northward , following 4th Street for four blocks to Oneida Street . NY 18F cuts west on Oneida for two blocks before continuing northward out of the village on 2nd Street . North of the Lewiston village limits , NY 18F is the closest roadway to the Niagara River , a trait reflected in its name of Lower River Road . As it progresses northward along the eastern bank of the river , NY 18F parallels both the Niagara Scenic State Parkway and NY 18 . At Stella Niagara , NY 18F meets Pletcher Road , the first road north of Lewiston that provides a connection to all three roadways . NY 18F continues on , passing through the western extent of Joseph Davis State Park south of the village of Youngstown in the town of Lewiston . In Youngstown , NY 18F becomes Main Street and intersects the western terminus of NY 93 in the village center . At the northern fringe of the community , NY 18F intersects the southern entrance to the Fort Niagara State Park . NY 18F bypasses the park , turning east onto Jackson Street , then north onto Lake Road as it follows the perimeter of the park . Near the Lake Ontario shoreline , NY 18F connects to the Fort Niagara spur of the Niagara Scenic State Parkway via a partial diamond interchange . Only westbound access is permitted at the location access to the eastbound spur , and thus the parkway mainline , is provided via NY 93 in Youngstown or by NY 18 farther east . Past the exit , NY 18F turns east and begins to parallel the lakeshore . The route also parallels the mainline Moses Parkway for a short distance before curving south to cross over the parkway and terminate at NY 18 in the vicinity of Four Mile Creek State Park in Porter . Ownership and maintenance of NY 18F is split between three different entities . The section of NY 18F from Center Street in Lewiston to the northern village line of Youngstown is maintained by Niagara County . From Main Street in Youngstown to the northern village line , NY 18F is concurrent to the unsigned County Route 138 ( CR 138 ) the remainder of the county maintained segment is co designated as CR 907 . All of NY 18F north of Youngstown is maintained by the town of Porter while the rest Center Street between NY 104 and 4th Street is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation . History All of what is now NY 18F south of Youngstown was originally designated as part of NY 34 in 1924 . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , NY 34 became part of NY 18 , which was extended north to Youngstown and east to Rochester as part of the renumbering . NY 18 was originally state maintained from the village of Lewiston to Youngstown however , the state of New York relinquished ownership and maintenance of NY 18 between Center Street in Lewiston and the village of Youngstown on July 24 , 1947 . The section within the village of Lewiston was transferred to village control , while the remainder of the route was given to Niagara County . In December 1947 , Lewiston petitioned the county to also assume maintenance of the portion of NY 18 within the village the request was eventually granted . On January 1 , 1949 , NY 18 was realigned to follow a more inland routing between the village of Lewiston and what is now Four Mile Creek State Park . The former riverside and lakeside routing of NY 18 between the two locations was redesignated as NY 18F . At the time , NY 18F was one of five spur routes of NY 18 , which at the time extended southward to the Pennsylvania state line . NY 18A , NY 18B , and NY 18D were assigned to spurs of NY 18 south of Lewiston , while NY 18E was assigned to a spur of NY 18 in the village of Lewiston that connected the village to the second Queenston Lewiston Bridge . When NY 18 was truncated to Lewiston c . 1962 , NY 18A , NY 18B , and NY 18D were either renumbered or absorbed by pre existing routes . NY 18E also ceased to exist around this time as the Queenston Lewiston Bridge was removed and replaced with the modern Lewiston Queenston Bridge just upstream . Major intersections The entire route is in Niagara County .
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3,121 | Fame Kills Starring Kanye West and Lady Gaga was a planned co headlining concert tour by American rapper Kanye West and singer Lady Gaga . For the tour , which would have supported West 's fourth album 808s Heartbreak ( 2008 ) and Gaga 's The Fame Monster EP ( 2009 ) , the pair conceived a production that would unite their different musical audiences . The tour was scheduled to run from November 2009 to January 2010 , but was canceled after public controversy regarding West 's interruption of Taylor Swift 's Best Female Video speech at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards . Shortly after the cancellation , Gaga embarked on her own tour , The Monster Ball Tour , while West took a break from his career . Background and development In June 2009 , West announced on The View he would be touring with Gaga , but she would not perform as an opening act . She 's talented and so incredible that she 's not an opening act , he said . We 're doing it together , with no opening act . In August , Gaga expressed her belief that the tour would be one of the most groundbreaking moments in touring history . Before the singer agreed to collaborate with West , she demanded that the tour would remain accessible to her gay fans . I 'm gay , she recalled telling West in an interview with Out magazine , my music is gay . My show is gay . And I love that it 's gay . And I love my gay fans and they 're all going to be coming to our show . And it 's going to remain gay . The tour 's stage was designed by Gaga and West as a traverse Instead of being on just one end of the arena , the stage traverses the entire arena , Gaga noted . It 's not really in the round it 's more of a runway . The concept of the tour was to feature the performers on opposite ends of the stage , with Gaga 's end representing home and humble beginnings and West 's end representing the fame , with the two fighting for each other 's positions throughout the show . West would perform his singles , Gaga would perform hers , and then the duo would perform several duets . Gaga said she enjoyed designing Fame Kills with West , calling themselves creative kindreds . She explained that they did not plan to tour for themselves , but rather for everybody else the goal of the tour would have been to bring two different groups of fans and music enthusiasts together . I make pop music and Kanye 's fans love pop music because he has changed what hip hop means , she said . For me , the tour is more about just bringing people together and having a big dance party . The show is a celebration of creativity , art , fashion and choreography . She also noted that West showed her a lot during the creative planning of the show , such as one instance where Gaga wanted to put side panels on the stage that would have obstructed the view for some fans . He was like , ' I 'm not selling a ticket to a fan who can 't see the show , ' and he 's right , she said . A promotional video for the tour was released in September 2009 . West posted the video on his blog accompanied by the text , What happened to all the rock stars The fame killed them The 30 second clip features slow motion footage of a topless Gaga being carried by a man presumed to be West . Daniel Kreps from Rolling Stone described it as soft 70s porn , while adding that he had no idea what the text in the video has to do with the 30 second clip , but we 're sure it 'll start to make more sense as more promos roll out as we approach the tour 's launch . Cancellation Following singer Taylor Swift 's win for the music video You Belong with Me at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Female Video , West stormed the stage , grabbed Swift 's microphone , and declared that singer Beyonc deserved the award for her Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) video . He declared , Yo , Taylor , I 'm really happy for you , and I 'm going to let you finish , but Beyonc had one of the best videos of all time . West was profusely criticized from celebrities and fans alike over the incident . Following the interruption , the status of Fame Kills was rumored to be in question . A representative from an US urban radio station commented I think this could potentially affect his upcoming tour with Lady Gaga . This isn 't an urban tour urban audiences can be a bit more forgiving than mainstream audiences are . I can see him going on stage and people booing him . It 's unfortunate . Less than a week after the ticket sales began , the tour was canceled but no reason was given . Various reasons circulated as to why the tour was canceled . It was suspected that it was canceled due to extremely poor ticket sales , feuding between Gaga and West 's management teams , and Gaga 's desire to play in smaller venues . Gaga 's choreographer , Laurieann Gibson , said the tour was terminated due to creative differences between Gaga and West . West said that , among other consequences , the VMA incident led him to cancel a tour with the number one pop star in the world . Gaga claimed that the cancellation was a mutual decision , and added that she would soon embark on her own headlining tour , The Monster Ball Tour in the coming weeks , while West would be taking a break . In 2016 , West claimed that Gaga had been solely responsible for canceling the tour . Gaga was scheduled to begin The Monster Ball Tour in March 2010 , but following the cancellation of Fame Kills , The Monster Ball Tour began in November 2009 . Gaga said that while she was inspired by what she and West had planned to do with the Fame Kills tour , she decided not to use any of the ideas and concepts they created together , citing integrity as her reason . Scheduled tour dates All tour dates were canceled .
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3,122 | M 81 is a state trunkline highway in the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan . The trunkline travels from the city of Saginaw at the junction with M 13 to the junction with M 53 east of Cass City over the county line in Greenleaf Township in northwestern Sanilac County in The Thumb area of the state . Outside of the cities and villages along its route , M 81 passes through mostly rural farm country . Near Saginaw it intersects the freeway that carries both Interstate 75 ( I 75 ) and US Highway 23 ( US 23 ) in an industrial area . A road bearing the M 81 designation has existed since at least July 1 , 1919 , when the state initially numbered its trunkline highways . Since that time , it has been extended , rerouted or shortened several times . These changes resulted in essentially the modern highway routing by 1926 the highway was fully paved in the 1940s . A change made in 1929 was reversed in 1933 , and an extension through downtown Saginaw in the 1960s was overturned in the 1970s . The last change was the construction of a pair of roundabouts at the I 75 US 23 interchange in 2006 . Route description M 81 starts at a junction with M 13 , with the two directions of each highway separated by a median . This central feature ends for M 81 immediately east of the intersection as the highway runs east out of Saginaw . The trunkline follows Washington Road easterly through residential subdivisions to an interchange with I 75 US 23 in an industrial area of Buena Vista Township . This interchange , exit 151 along the freeway , is built with roundabouts on either side of the bridge that carries Washington Road over the freeway in a variant of the diamond interchange design called a dumbbell interchange . After leaving the industrial properties on the east side of I 75 US 23 , M 81 follows Washington Road through a mixture of farm fields and residential subdivisions . North of the community of Arthur , the highway intersects M 15 ( Vassar Road ) . Further east , M 81 crosses out of Saginaw County across the border in Tuscola County , the highway follows Saginaw Road . In the village of Reese , M 81 crosses the Huron and Eastern Railway twice . East of town , the highway follows Caro Road through more farm fields through the community of unk . Near the south side of the Tuscola Area Airport , M 81 turns to the northeast running along the Cass River to Caro . In the city , the trunkline follows State Street past the fairgrounds . At the intersection with Ellington Street , M 81 crosses M 24 . The highway continues northeasterly out of town and through the community of Ellington . Northeast of Elmwood , M 81 turns due east along Cass City Road . The trunkline runs to the village of Cass City where it follows Main Street through residential neighborhoods and the central business district . East of Cass City , the highway crosses the Cass River before crossing the county line into Sanilac County . Approximately one mile ( 1 . 6 km ) into the county , M 81 ends at the intersection with M 53 ( Van Dyke Road ) . M 81 is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation ( MDOT ) like other state highways in Michigan . As a part of these maintenance responsibilities , the department tracks the volume of traffic that uses the roadways under its jurisdiction . These volumes are expressed using a metric called annual average daily traffic , which is a statistical calculation of the average daily number of vehicles on a segment of roadway . MDOT 's surveys in 2010 showed that the highest traffic levels along M 81 were the 17 , 839 vehicles daily between Van unk Road and Frank Street in Caro the lowest counts were the 3 , 527 vehicles per day east of Cass City to the M 53 intersection . No sections of M 81 have been listed on the National Highway System , a network of roads important to the country 's economy , defense , and mobility . History When originally signed around July 1 , 1919 , M 81 ran from Bay City southeast and east to the Munger area from there it ran south concurrently with M 31 to the Reese area before running northeasterly to the east of Cass City to M 53 . By 1921 , the eastern end was extended southerly from Caro to Mayville along a highway that is now part of M 24 . In late 1926 , the western end was changed so that M 81 followed the former M 31 from Reese into Saginaw and the eastern end was rerouted from Caro northeasterly to the Cass City area . With the exception of the routing through downtown Saginaw , the highway followed the approximate routing of the current highway . In the latter half of 1929 , the highway was rerouted between Saginaw and Reese , using a set of parallel roadways to the south of the previous routing this change was reversed in 1933 . M 81 was fully paved when the last section between Ellington and Elmwood in Tuscola County was finished in late 1946 or early 1947 . Starting in 1953 , the westernmost approximately one mile ( 1 . 6 km ) of M 81 was also used for a US 23 concurrency . When the bypass of Saginaw was completed in late 1961 , M 81 was extended along M 13 southwesterly into downtown Saginaw where it turned west across the Saginaw River to Midland Road west of the city . This routing across the city was removed in 1971 when I 675 was completed west of that freeway the highway became M 58 , the rest was either removed from the highway system and turned back to local control , or it had the M 81 designation removed . Since this truncation , M 81 has ended at its junction with M 13 north of downtown Saginaw . In 2006 , MDOT completed the reconstruction of the interchange between M 81 and I 75 US to incorporate a pair of roundabouts along Washington Road . Major intersections
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3,123 | Madame Tussauds Hong Kong , part of the renowned chain of wax museums founded by Marie Tussaud of France , is located at the Peak Tower on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong . It is the first Madame Tussauds museums in Asia , the other being the Shanghai branch , which opened in 2006 and the third branch at Singapore which opened in 2014 . The Hong Kong branch houses nearly 100 wax figures of internationally known personalities , with Asian figures taking up more than a third of the total , of which sixteen were Hong Kongers . The wax figures are featured in a range of themed settings such as Hong Kong Glamour , Music Icons , Historical and National Heroes , The Champions and World Premiere . History In the late 1990s , Madame Tussauds had outlets spanning worldwide in major cities such as London , Amsterdam and Las Vegas , but none was in the Asia Pacific region . When the Madame Tussaud 's Touring Attraction ran in Asian cities of Singapore and Australia , proving to be highly popular , the Tussauds Group decided to open a permanent outlet in Asia to cater to such demand , and Hong Kong was chosen for its proximity to the Asian markets . Madame Tussauds Hong Kong opens at The Peak in 2000 , and features nearly 100 wax figures of internationally known personalities and local celebrities to date with Asian figures taking up more than a third of the total , of which sixteen were Hong Kongers . Asian celebrities and superstars have often graced the unveiling of their wax likenesses with sizeable groups of their fans tagging along . In September 2005 , it began its renovation in its effort to bring an interactive and immersive entertainment experience to visitors . It re opened at a cost of HK 20 million ( US 2 . 6 million ) on 18 May 2006 , adding a further 700 square metres ( 7 , 500 sq ft ) of exhibition space on three floors and five themed areas . Visitors can journey through the attraction , stopping to mingle with the ' stars ' in a range of themed settings including Hong Kong Glamour , Music Icons , Historical and National Heroes , The Champions and World Premiere . As of 2008 , the museum is headed by Bret Pidgeon , who is currently the general manager of Madame Tussauds Hong Kong and Shanghai . He has worked for eight years for Madame Tussauds in New York previously . The museum is accessible from Central via minibus , taxi or Peak Tram and opens all year round from 10 am to 10 pm daily . Admission fee is HK 140 ( US 18 ) for adults and HK 70 for children aged between 3 and 11 years old . Wax figure making process In over one or more sittings , a highly skilled sculptor from Madame Tussauds Studios who is given direct access to the celebrity will record the colours of the hair and eyes , and over 500 precise body measurements are referenced . Most important is to capture the look of the celebrity to reflect the personality of each unique individual . The next task is to make a clay model of the head and body which is used to create a mould . Wax cast of the head and hands are made from the mould , and the eyes are inserted . Each eye is hand painted to achieve a perfect match of the original . Real human hair is then inserted painstakingly strand by strand . The head and hands are coloured using a blend of oil , water and acrylic colour . From the mould , the body is cast in fibreglass , and the head and hands are fitted to the fiberglass body and dressed in clothes that are often donated by the celebrity . The pose , clothes and expression on the face all contribute to making the figure as realistic as possible . The whole process usually takes up to six months by a team of 20 people to create and cost about HK 1 million each . Unique figures The figure of Miriam Yeung , unveiled on November 2006 , is the first in the world designed to giggle via in built sensors . Miriam is well known for her fun loving and bubbly personality , and Madame Tussauds want to capture that essence in her figure . The figure of Connie Chan , unveiled on August 2006 , was the first figure to appear in full Chinese regalia . The model 's costume was inspired by the musical Only You , set in the Yuan Dynasty , in which Chan formerly starred . The figure of Bae Yong joon , unveiled on May 2006 , is the first Korean star to be included in a Madame Tussauds exhibition . The figure of Andy Lau , unveiled on April 2005 , was the outlet first animatronic model that was crafted out of silicone rather than wax . Lau 's animatronic heartbeat was modelled on a similar system installed in a replica of Brad Pitt at Madame Tussauds Amsterdam . Featured personalities The list of featured celebrities sorted according to on site themes are Madame Tussauds Shanghai The second Asian outlet is located in the Chinese city of Shanghai . Attracted by Shanghai 's growing reputation and tourism volume in East Asia , the Tussauds Group approached Shanghai authorities to discuss the possibility of opening its second Asian location in early 2004 . The Shanghai authorities agreed with the proposal and Madame Tussauds Shanghai ( unk ) was opened on 1 May 2006 on the 10th floor of the New World Department Store at West Nanjing Road . The Shanghai outlet houses nearly 75 wax figures of local and internationally known celebrities to date , and will add more in its second and third phases . The museum opens all year round from 10 am to 10 pm daily and it is divided up into seven themed sections Glamour , Behind the Scenes , History and Heroes , Music , Film , Speed and Sport . Admission fee is RMB 135 ( US 20 ) for adults and RMB 100 for students . Madame Tussauds Shanghai is the Tussauds Group 's sixth waxwork museum after London , Amsterdam , Las Vegas , New York City and Hong Kong .
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3,124 | Kevin E. Lowe is a finance executive and retired professional lacrosse player who played professional box lacrosse in the National Lacrosse League and professional field lacrosse in Major League Lacrosse from 1995 to 2006 . He starred as a member of the Princeton Tigers men 's lacrosse team from 1991 through 1994 and was inducted into the Lacrosse Museum and National Hall of Fame in 2009 , joining his brother and father . He was a high school and college lacrosse United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association ( USILA ) All American . Lowe has the distinction of being the only player in lacrosse history to score an overtime goal in an NCAA Men 's Lacrosse Championship game and a Major League Lacrosse Steinfeld Cup championship game . He holds numerous Princeton scoring records and formerly held the Ivy League single season assists record . As a college senior , he was honored as the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's best lacrosse attackman and the Ivy League 's best player . In his four year college career , Princeton won its first two NCAA tournament Championship , two Ivy League Championships and earned four NCAA Men 's Lacrosse Championship tournament invitations . Background He is the brother of 1992 Division I Player of the Year and Hall of Famer Darren Lowe and son of Hall of Famer Alan Lowe . Alan , who was the longtime Manhasset High School coach , had won both a World Lacrosse Championship and NCAA Men 's Lacrosse Championship . Lowe was a high school All American from Mineola , New York who received numerous prep accolades National High School North South Lacrosse All Star Game ( 1990 ) , Nassau County All Star Game ( 1990 ) and Empire State Games ( 1989 ) . Lowe is currently married with three children . As a youth he played soccer , the quarterback position in American football and the point guard position in basketball . He is currently a stockbroker on Wall Street . College career Including the 2009 season , Lowe holds the 5th highest career total in NCAA Division I with 174 assists . Lowe holds numerous Princeton University scoring records ( career points , career assists , single game assists , consecutive games with a point , and points by a freshman ) . He formerly held the school records for single season points and single season assists . Lowe formerly held the Ivy League career assists record . However , since the Ivy League uses conference games only , Ryan Boyle now holds the career assists record although Lowe holds the school record . Lowe is the only Tiger to have scored a point in all of Princeton 's games during his career ( Boyle scored in all games he played but missed 4 games ) . His final career goal clinched the 1994 NCAA Division I Men 's Lacrosse Championship for the Tigers in overtime . Princeton was 52 8 during Lowe 's career , including a 7 2 record in four NCAA tournaments . The 1992 and 1993 teams were undefeated 6 0 outright Ivy League champions , As a freshman , on April 6 , 1991 , he led number three ranked Princeton to a 17 9 victory over Yale . It was Princeton 's first victory over Yale since 1986 . Lowe had nine assists , which set a school single game record . As of 2010 , this continues to be a Princeton single game record . After the tenth game of the season , Lowe continued to lead the nation in assists . He was the leading scorer on Princeton 's team that won the 1992 NCAA Division I Men 's Lacrosse Championship to win its first NCAA tournament . As a senior in 1994 , his 73 assists in league games broke his brother Darren 's 1992 Ivy League single season record and earned him Ivy League Player of the Year honors . In the 1994 NCAA Division I Men 's Lacrosse Championship game , he scored the game winning goal in sudden death overtime against Virginia . After Princeton won the face off , the goal came on the first shot on goal of overtime . When his collegiate eligibility ended , he had the four highest single season assist totals in school history . Lowe was the Jack Turnbull Award and Men 's Ivy League Player of the Year Award winner for 1994 . He was a first team USILA All American Team selection in 1994 and a second team selection in 1992 and 1993 . He was a four time All Ivy League selection and three time first team All Ivy League selection ( 1992 , 1993 , 1994 ) Professional career Lowe played in the indoor National Lacrosse League from 1995 to 2001 and the outdoor Major League Lacrosse from 2003 to 2006 . He played with the New York Saints of the NLL in 1995 , 1996 , 2000 and 2001 . Then he played in the MLL with the Long Island Lizards in 2003 and 2004 and the Philadelphia Barrage in 2006 . In 2003 , he was selected to his first MLL All Star Game , he was injured and instead served as an assistant coach during the game . He was leading the league in assists and had tied the league single game assists record ( 6 ) prior to injury . He and his brother were teammates for the United States at the 2002 World Lacrosse Championship , where they won the championship . In the semifinal match against the Iroquois Nation , he scored four goals and had an assist . His overtime goal in the 2003 MLL Championship game earned the Long Island Lizards the Steinfeld Cup . It occurred only 22 seconds into the overtime period to give the Lizards the victory over the Baltimore Bayhawks whom they had met in each of the first three MLL championships . Lowe scored four goals and added an assist in the 15 14 victory to earn the MLL Championship MVP award . Lowe , who was second in the MLL with 20 assists , injured his knee during the 2004 season and missed the rest of the year . NLL stats The following are his NLL career stats MLL stats The following are his MLL career stats
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3,125 | Claudius of Turin ( or Claude ) ( fl . 810 827 ) was the Catholic bishop of Turin from 817 until his death . He was a courtier of Louis the Pious and was a writer during the Carolingian Renaissance . He is most noted for teaching iconoclasm , a radical idea at that time in Latin Church , and for some teachings that prefigured those of the Protestant Reformation . He was attacked as a heretic in written works by Saint Dungal and Jonas of Orlans . Early career and the imperial court ( until 817 ) Claudius is thought to have been from Spain . This belief may have its origins in the accusations of Jonas of Orlans , who claimed Claudius was a disciple of Felix of unk . Felix was a bishop in the foothills of the Spanish Pyrenees whom Claudius may have known personally . The bishop had been condemned by Alcuin at the Council of Frankfurt in 794 for teaching unk . It is now certain that Claudius was not a disciple of Felix . If he was from Spain , it is uncertain whether or not he received his education there or in Lyon under the archbishop unk . It was probably unk and , as Claudius himself tells it , his schoolmates and the future emperor Louis the Pious who convinced Claudius to study exegesis and concentrate on certain portions of Scripture . Claudius also studied the Church Fathers . When Louis the Pious was still King of Aquitaine , he called Claudius to his court at unk sometime before 811 . In 813 , Emperor Charlemagne called Louis , his only surviving legitimate son , to his court . There he crowned him as his heir . The following year , Charlemagne died and Louis was made ruler of the Holy Roman Empire . He brought Claudius to Aachen , the empire 's capital city . There Claudius gave exegetical lectures to the emperor and the court and was even urged to put his lectures in writing by the emperor himself . Claudius was a member of an elite circle of secular and ecclesiastic politicians and authorities and a unk della corte di unk ( creature of the court of Aachen ) . In 817 , he was sent by Louis to Turin to act as bishop . It has been suggested that the appointment of a theologian and scholar to a post such as Turin , which had attendant military duties due to the threat of Saracen raids , was largely based on the need for an imperial supporter in Italy in light of the rebellion of Bernard . Bernard was the illegitimate son of King Pepin , the third son of Charlemagne . Louis gave Italy to his eldest son Lothair when the empire was partitioned among his three sons in 817 . Bernard rebelled against his uncle with the support of Bishop unk of Orlans . The rebellion was put down , but the event reduced the emperor 's prestige amongst the Frankish nobility and it became important that the bishop of Turin be a man who was loyal to the emperor . Episcopate ( 817 827 ) As bishop of Turin , Claudius found that men were often directed to go on pilgrimage to Rome for penance and that worshippers were accustomed to venerate Christ and the saints by bowing before images and relics . Claudius , coming from an educated background , was not greatly exposed to such provincial modes of worship . He made attacks on the use of images , relics , and crosses , he opposed pilgrimages to obtain absolution , and he had little regard for the authority of the pope due to his belief that all bishops were equal . Claudius was a heretic in the view of Dungal and Jonas of Orlans , who later wrote to refute some of his teachings at the request of the emperor . The last recorded act of Claudius is in a charter of the monastery of St Peter at unk in May 827 . He was dead by the time Dungal finished his Responsa contra unk Claudii unk episcopi unk late in 827 , so it can be presumed that he died that year . Writings Claudius was both an author and a copyist . Although most of his extant works are simple biblical commentaries , his writings are very personal . He had a penchant for divulging detail in an age when brevity and anonymity were more common . Around 811 , Claudius prepared an exhaustive and encyclopaedic commentary on the Book of Genesis at the request of the emperor . This commentary was edited by Johann Alexander unk in Vienna before it was first printed in Basel by Hieronymus Froben in 1531 . Claudius also wrote commentaries on the books of Leviticus , the historical books of the Old Testament , the Gospel of Matthew , and all Pauline epistles , of which the commentary on the Epistle to Galatians shows some of his views prefigure those expressed by both the Waldensians and Protestants centuries later . It was once thought that he had in fact founded the Waldensians , however this was disproved in the 19th century . His epistles on 1 and 2 Corinthians , however , dedicated to Theodemir , Abbot of Psalmody , and a possible student of his , were sent to Aachen by the dedicatee to be condemned by the assembled bishops of the realm . The Corinthian commentaries were unpublished , though it was these commentaries that sparked the controversy concerning icons and pilgrimages . Claudius introduced the organic metaphor of the state in his commentary on 1 Corinthians . He proposed that , as the church was the body of Christ , so the state was the body of the emperor . The imperial court would have been familiar with the work because Claudius later wrote that it had been well received despite the attempts of his former friend , Theodemir of unk , to have it condemned as heretical . None of Claudius ' works were ever condemned and he tried unsuccessfully to regain Theodemir 's approval , but eventually had to pen a well known apology directed against Theodemir 's persistent attacks . In 1950 , Claudius was identified by P. unk as the author of some works previously attributed to Pseudo unk .
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3,126 | The Girl Reporter is a 1910 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Company . The film follows two sweethearts , May and Will , who are reporters for the Daily Wave newspaper . Will leaves the newspaper to work as a secretary to Blake , the commissioner of public works . Blake takes a bribe and blames Will and fires him . May sets out to clear his name and becomes Blake 's new secretary . May investigates and clears Will 's name while proving Blake 's corruption . The film was released on August 16 , 1910 and saw a wide national release . The film received mixed responses from critics who liked the acting , but found issues with the staging and the plausibility of the plot . The film is presumed lost . Plot Though the film is presumed lost , a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from August 20 , 1910 . It states May Merrill and Will Marshall are sweethearts and both reporters on the Daily Wave . Will leaves the paper to accept a position of private secretary to Blake , commissioner of public works . Shortly after Will takes up his new work Blake is threatened with exposure and punishment on his charge of accepting a bribe . In order to save himself , Blake makes it appear that Will is the guilty party . May is sent to investigate the matter for the Wave . When she discovers that Will is accused , she determines to devote all of her time to clearing him , and with this end in view , she applies for the vacant position of private secretary to Blake . Assisted by Pete , faithful office boy from the Wave , who follows her to her new position , May does some clever detective work and , clearing Will , manages to fix the guilt where it belongs , on the shoulders of Blake . Production The writer of the scenario is unknown , but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . He was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . The film director is unknown , but it may have been Barry O 'Neil . Film historian Q. David Bowers does not attribute a cameraman for this production , but at least two possible candidates exist . Blair Smith was the first cameraman of the Thanhouser company , but he was soon joined by Carl Louis Gregory who had years of experience as a still and motion picture photographer . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions . Though the roles of the actors are unknown , it is likely that numerous other character roles and persons appeared in the film . Bowers states that most of the credits are fragmentary for 1910 Thanhouser productions . The cast could include either or both leading ladies of the company , Anna Rosemond and Violet Heming . One of the more prominent leading male actors was Frank H. Crane . Though critics would reveal that the plot strained plausibility , the little known production details surrounding the film show that the Thanhouser staging was effective to one reviewer . Recently , the quality of the Thanhouser films were commended in an editorial by The Spectator in The New York Dramatic Mirror contained specific praise for Thanhouser productions by stating , ... practically all other Independent American companies , excepting Thanhouser , show haste and lack of thought in their production . Crude stories are crudely handled , giving the impression that they are rushed through in a hurry anything to get a thousand feet of negative ready for the market . Such pictures , of course , do not cost much to produce , but they are not of a class to make reputation . The Thanhouser company , alone of the Independents , shows a consistent effort to do things worthwhile ... Bowers would note that the plot focusing on a female reporter would prove to be a popular subject and referred to The Girl Reporter 's Big Scoop by the Kalem Company and Perils of Our Girl Reporter by Niagara Film Studios Mutual . Bowers also included another production bearing the same name The Girl Reporter by the Crystal Film Company in 1913 . Another girl reporter would be featured A Columbus Day Conspiracy by the Thanhouser Company . Release and reception The one reel drama , approximately 970 feet long , was released on August 16 , 1910 . The film saw a wide national release , with theater advertisements in Arizona , Missouri , Indiana , Nebraska , Washington state , and Illinois . The film was also shown by the Province Theatre of Vancouver , British Columbia in Canada within days of its release . The film received positive attention by film critics and seems to have been well staged because a reviewer of The Moving Picture News states , This film points a moral and adorns a tale . Clean as a hound 's tooth , sweet as a nut . Full of life . The tale of the triumph of a courageous girl , backed by an inimitable office boy , and the downfall of the unk are well planned and well rendered . The copy room set our mind flying back to our own ' cub ' days . By the way , the paper on the wall of the traction company office is somewhat weird . A good , healthy , vigorous production in every sense . The New York Dramatic Mirror reviewer said the acting was good , but found fault with the plot itself . The reviewer states , This film story has melodramatic interest , and the acting is good , but the means by which some of the incidents are brought about will not stand the acid test . For instance , if a political boss wants to ' shake down ' a traction company for 5 , 000 , would he submit the proposition in writing ... The scenes in the newspaper reporters ' room would have been more convincing in the first scene if the staff had been more busy in writing copy instead of waving their arms and moving about . The term traction company refers to a streetcar company .
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3,127 | Move Like This is the seventh , and , to date , final studio album by American rock band The Cars , released on May 10 , 2011 . The album is their first since 1987 's Door to Door and features all of the original band members except for bassist and vocalist Benjamin Orr , who died of pancreatic cancer in 2000 . The album reached the top ten of the Billboard 200 and peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Top Rock Albums chart a single from the album , Sad Song , reached number 33 on the Billboard Rock Songs chart . Following the release of the album , the band launched an eleven city tour of North America . Background Move Like This is the first reunion of The Cars to feature original lead singer , songwriter , rhythm guitarist , and co producer Ric Ocasek since their 1988 split . In 1997 , Ocasek told a journalist that the band would never reunite I 'm saying never and you can count on that . A partial reunion of the band occurred in 2005 when keyboardist Greg Hawkes and lead guitarist Elliot Easton toured with singer Todd Rundgren , drummer Prairie Prince and bassist Kasim Sulton as The New Cars neither Ocasek nor Cars drummer David Robinson participated , and the Rundgren lineup split following two years of touring . According to Paste magazine , Ocasek said that he was amazed at how we clicked when we got back together . Exclaim has noted that The Cars ' Facebook page featured a picture of producer Jacknife Lee , which suggests that he will be producing the new album . According to Rolling Stone , Lee produced five of the songs from the album The Cars themselves produced the others . The Cars did not add a new bassist to the lineup to replace Orr instead , the album 's bass parts were programmed or performed by Hawkes and Lee , with Hawkes playing a bass once owned by Orr . While Ocasek and Orr split vocal duties on past albums , Ocasek sings lead on all the tracks from Move Like This . In a Rolling Stone interview , Ocasek said , I was aware that on half of the new songs , Ben would have done better than I did . But we never wanted anybody from the outside . Orr was given special thanks in the liner notes Ben , your spirit was with us on this one . According to Billboard , the album was recorded in engineer Paul Orofino 's studio in Millbrook , New York . Additional recording sessions were held in Los Angeles . The title of the album comes from a line in the song Too Late one of the working titles for the album was Sharp Subtle Flavor . Ocasek decided to title the album Move Like This as a reference to the band 's reputation for not moving around very much onstage . Release and reception In October 2010 , the band released a one minute clip of Sad Song and a 73 second sample of another track from the album , Blue Tip , on their Facebook page a snippet from a third track , Free , was later posted on the band 's page . FMQB described Free as a return to the classic Cars sound that fans know and love . On February 17 , 2011 , the band posted the full video for Blue Tip on their Facebook page . The first single , released in March , was the track Sad Song . Exclaim magazine comments that d espite the title and lyrics , it doesn 't sound particularly sad , as it contains a cheery beat and a catchy mix of synths and guitars . Move Like This was released on May 10 , 2011 , and debuted at 7 on the Billboard 200 albums chart . The album received generally positive reviews from critics in a three and a half star review , Rolling Stone praised the skillful restraint of the band and Lee 's production work , describing the album as taut , sleek , seamless , and efficient . The A.V. Club awarded the album a B rating , praising the catchy Blue Tip and Sad Song , and noting the latter song 's similarity to My Best Friend 's Girl from the band 's 1978 debut . Allmusic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine rated the album four out of five stars , describing the album as as bright , infectious , and tuneful as the Cars at their prime . Spin , however , granted the album a 5 out of 10 rating , criticizing the clunkiness of Ocasek 's lyrics . NPR 's Elizabeth Nelson called Move Like This a fine new album and singled out Blue Tip as an incandescent pop gem with a brilliant musical structure and an absolutely relentless sing along chorus . North American tour In April 2011 , the band announced a North American tour to support the album . The eleven city tour began May 10 in Seattle and concluded May 26 at the House of Blues in Boston . The performances and set lists were met with mixed reviews Hollywood Reporter reviewer Erik Pedersen found Move Like This to be a surprisingly good album but described the May 12 Hollywood Palladium show as icy and unenthusiastic . San Jose Mercury News reviewer Jim Harrington described the band 's performance at Oakland 's Fox Theater as incredibly flat and dispassionate , but praised the band 's solid musicianship . Songs performed on the tour include Move Like This tracks Blue Tip , Keep on Knocking , Sad Song , Free , Drag on Forever and Hits Me , as well as material from the band 's 1970s and 1980s albums . On the tour , Orr 's bass parts were performed by Hawkes on keyboard and bass the vocals on songs originally sung by Orr ( Just What I Needed , Let 's Go and Moving in Stereo ) were performed by Ocasek . Track listing All songs written and composed by Ric Ocasek , except where noted . Best Buy edition This enhanced CD also has videos for Sad Song and Blue Tip . Rocket USA is a cover of a 1977 song by the American band Suicide , from their self titled debut . iTunes edition Personnel Chart performance
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3,128 | MILF Island is the eleventh episode of NBC 's second season of 30 Rock and thirty second episode overall . It was written by the series ' creator , executive producer and lead actress Tina Fey and producer Matt Hubbard . The director of the episode was Kevin Rodney Sullivan . It aired on April 10 , 2008 on the NBC network in the United States . Guest stars in this episode include Timothy Adams , Tim Conway , unk Francesca , Deidre Goodwin , Rob Huebel , Christina unk , John Lutz and Maulik Pancholy . The episode revolves around the season finale of Jack Donaghy 's ( Alec Baldwin ) reality television show hit , MILF Island , which parallels the real world incidents happening in the office . Someone tells a reporter for The New York Post that Jack is a Class A Moron and that he can eat my poo . The writers of TGS with Tracy Jordan argue as they suspect one of them made the comment . Plot The cast and crew of TGS with Tracy Jordan gather to watch the season finale of Jack 's summer reality show hit MILF Island , a series the plot of which is described as 25 Super Hot Moms , 50 eighth grade boys , no rules . The staff soon discover that one of them told a reporter for The New York Post that Jack was a Class A Moron and that He can eat my poo . They then spiral into an argument as they try to find out who made the statement . Kenneth Parcell ( Jack McBrayer ) later recalls that he heard Liz , in an elevator , making the statement to the journalist . Liz makes a false promise that she will tell Jack that it was her to avoid him hearing the truth from Kenneth . Liz finally reveals the truth to Jack only to find out that he already knew it was she who said it , and he 's not going to fire her instead , she has to put together a new TV series for MILF Island 's manipulative competitor Deborah . Meanwhile , as he is planning to watch the season finale of MILF Island alone in his office , Pete Hornberger ( Scott Adsit ) gets stuck in a vending machine while trying to steal a candy bar . Pete 's many attempts to break free from the machine end in failure when the machine ends up falling on him . Production MILF Island was filmed in early March 2008 . The episode of 30 Rock which aired the following week , Subway Hero , was originally expected to air on April 10 , 2008 in place of this episode , but for unknown reasons MILF Island aired on that date instead . This marked the only time in the series ' first four seasons that completed episodes were not broadcast in the same order as they were produced . Confusion was caused prior to the broadcast of this episode when many critics speculated about how the episode would tackle the use of the word MILF without actually explaining that it is an acronym for Mother I 'd Like to Fuck , as that would have broken Federal Communications Commission rules . The situation was compared to the episode of Seinfeld called The Contest which features the subject of masturbation but the characters could never actually say the word masturbation and did so via metaphors . MILF Island was the first episode of 30 Rock to be broadcast since Episode 210 , on January 10 , 2008 , due to the 2007 2008 Writers Guild of America strike . The Writers Guild of America ( WGA ) went on strike at 12 01AM Eastern Standard Time on November 5 , 2007 . Filming of 30 Rock 's final written episode concluded on November 9 , 2007 . Members of Writers Guild of America , East and Writers Guild of America , West voted to end the 100 day strike on February 12 , 2008 . Writers were allowed to return to work on the same day . The WGA allowed for show runners to return to work on February 11 , in preparation for the conclusion of the strike . The show runner for 30 Rock is executive producer Robert Carlock . The writers returned to work on February 13 . During the strike , executive producer , writer and star of 30 Rock Tina Fey had to balance her duties in order not to breach WGA strike rules . Fey took to the picket lines along with co star Jack McBrayer , while Alec Baldwin also blogged on The Huffington Post website in support of the WGA writers . Reception MILF Island brought in an average of 5 . 7 million American viewers , performing similarly to previous episodes of the second season . This episode achieved a 2 . 7 7 in the key 18 49 demographic the 2 . 7 refers to 2 . 7 of all 18 to 49 year olds in the U.S. while the 7 refers to 7 of all 18 to 49 year olds watching television at the time of the broadcast in the U.S. Jeff Labrecque of Entertainment Weekly wrote that after three months of strike enforced exile , this episode of 30 Rock generated the expectations and excitement normally reserved for a season premiere , also saying that the show is in midseason form . Matt Webb Mitovich of TV Guide said that he would be lying if he said this was a super great episode . Webb Mitovich went on to say that He did like , though and thought they should have done a lot more with the parallels between the MILF events and the strategizing staff . Bob Sassone of AOL 's TV Squad thought that It 's almost as if this was the season opener and that this episode was ambitious . Michael N of Television Without Pity awarded the episode a grade of B. Robert Canning of IGN said that the overall story arc was less than what we had anticipated from this critical favorite making its post writers strike return , the episode was still pretty damn funny . Canning also said that this was an episode that was divided between a less than average story and many hilarious moments . Canning criticized how 30 Rock has never really given Pete Hornberger and Scott Adsit ( the character or the actor ) the showcase that he deserves .
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3,129 | Gate ( Sore wa Akatsuki no you ni ) ( Japanese GATE ( unk ) , Gate ( It Looks Like the Dawn ) ) is a song recorded by Japanese group Kisida Kyoudan The unk Rockets . It was released as the group 's first single in two years by Warner Bros. Entertainment and their subsidiary label Warner Home Video on July 29 , 2015 . The lyrics were written by Kisida and the music and arrangement were created by the band . Musically , Gate ( Sore wa Akatsuki no you ni ) is a rock song that features guitars , drums , and bass guitars in its instrumentation . An alternative version with different lyrics and slightly edited composition was released in January 2016 , under the title Gate II ( Sekai o Koete ) . Upon its release , it received positive reviews from music critics . Some complimented the composition , whilst the rest praised the production and commercial appeal . Commercially , the song was moderately successful in Japan , peaking at number 17 on the Oricon Singles Chart and made it their third consecutive top 20 entry . An accompanying music video featured the band singing in a warehouse , surrounded with construction tape and ornaments . To promote the single , it was used as the opening theme song for the first season of Japanese anime television series , Gate Jieitai Kanochi nite , Kaku Tatakaeri . Background and release On June 13 , 2015 it was confirmed through Anime News Network that Japanese group Kisida Kyoudan The unk Rockets would release a new song titled Gate ( Sore wa Akatsuki no you ni ) , and would serve as the opening theme song to the first season of Japanese anime television series , Gate Jieitai Kanochi nite , Kaku Tatakaeri . The lyrics were written by Kisida and the music and arrangement were created by the band . Musically , it is a rock song that features guitars , drums , and bass guitars in its instrumentation . According to Japanese music magazine CD Journal , they described the rock composition as loud and sharp . It was released as the group 's first single in two years by Warner Bros. Entertainment and their subsidiary label Warner Home Video on July 29 , 2015 . It was first released on a CD single in Japan , which included the track , a B side song titled unk Hero , and both their respective instrumental versions . The second format was the CD and DVD single , which included the same audio track list , but also featured the full music video on the second disc . The final physical format was a special anime CD that included the track , a shortened version dubbed TV size , and the instrumental . The digital EP included the four recordings , released only in Japan . Each format , apart from the digital release , includes three different artworks with all promotional images taken from the television series . Reception Upon its release , it received positive reviews from music critics . A staff member at CD Journal was positive , complimenting the songwriting on how it holds a sharp message for listeners to understand . The review concluded with the reviewer labeling it exhilarating . In a similar review , The News Hub 's Can Hoang Tran said that There are times that you may have rewound the anime to the very beginning just to listen to the theme song . I consider myself part of that group of anime let alone Gate fans . He called it one of 2015 's catchy and energetic anime theme songs . Josh Piedra from The unk enjoyed the song as a Kyoudan fan , but stated that The opening song is a catchy one ... but it still sounds like your typical mainstream J Rock with female lead vocals . Commercially , the song was moderately successful in Japan . It debuted at number 17 on the Oricon Singles Chart , the group 's lowest entry at the time . Despite falling outside of the top 50 the following week , it lasted 10 weeks inside the top 200 . As of June 2016 , Gate ( Sore wa Akatsuki no you ni ) is the group 's third best selling single according to Oricon Style . It was success on Japan 's Billboard competent charts , peaking at number 15 on the Japan Hot 100 chart , two on the Hot Anime chart , and number 15 on the Hot Single Sales chart . Music video and promotion An accompanying music video for the single was released on July 29 , 2015 through the official Japanese Warner Bros. channel on YouTube . It opens with a blurred long shot of the band sitting on a couch , and as the music starts , it has them performing in a warehouse surrounded with music gear and ornaments . Intercut shots of vocalist Ichigo surrounded with construction tape appears during the songs verses , whilst Kyoudan is seen performing the guitar during instrumental breaks on a tank . The video ends with a long shot of the group standing in the warehouse . The singles only promotion in Japan was its inclusion as the opening theme song for the first season of Japanese anime television series , Gate Jieitai Kanochi nite , Kaku Tatakaeri . An alternative version with different lyrics and slightly edited composition was released in January 2016 , under the title Gate II ( Sekai o Koete ) This version was used for the second season of the series . Track listings and formats Personnel Credits adapted from the CD liner notes of Gate ( Sore wa Akatsuki no you ni ) . Recording and management Recorded in 2015 . Management and record label Warner Bros. Entertainment and Warner Home Video . Credits Kishida Kyoudan background vocals , composing , songwriting , producing , arranging Ichigo vocals , background vocals , arranging , producing unk guitar , background vocals , arranging , producing unk drums , background vocals , arranging , producing T Tsu guitar , background vocals , arranging , producing Charts Release history
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3,130 | For the ironclad present at the Battle of Lissa of the same name , see SMS Erzherzog Ferdinand Max ( 1865 ) . SMS Erzherzog Ferdinand Max ( German His Majesty 's ship Archduke Ferdinand Max ) was a pre dreadnought battleship built by the Austro Hungarian Navy in 1902 . The second ship of the Erzherzog Karl class , she was launched on 3 October 1903 . She was assigned to the III Battleship Division . For most of World War I , Erzherzog Ferdinand Max remained in her home port of Pola , in present day Croatia , except for four engagements . In 1914 , she formed part of the Austro Hungarian flotilla sent to protect the escape of the German ships SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau from the British held Mediterranean she advanced as far as Brindisi before being recalled to her home port . Her sole combat engagement occurred in late May 1915 , when she participated in the bombardment of the Italian port city of Ancona . She also took part in suppressing a major mutiny among the crew members of several armored cruisers stationed in Cattaro between 1 3 February 1918 . She also attempted to break through the Otranto Barrage in June of that year , but had to retreat when the dreadnought SMS Szent Istvn was sunk . After the war , Erzherzog Ferdinand Max was awarded to the United Kingdom as a war prize in 1920 . Design Erzherzog Ferdinand Max displaced 10 , 472 long tons ( 10 , 640 t ) . She was 414 feet 2 inches ( 126 . 2 m ) long , had a beam of 71 feet 5 inches ( 21 . 8 m ) and a draft of 24 feet 7 inches ( 7 . 5 m ) . She was manned by 700 men . She and her sisters were the last and largest pre dreadnought class built by the Austro Hungarian Navy , surpassing the Habsburg class by approximately 2 , 000 tonnes ( 1 , 968 long tons ) . She was propelled by two two shaft , four cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines . On trials , they developed 18 , 000 ihp ( 13 , 423 kW ) , which propelled the ship at a speed of 20 . 5 knots ( 38 . 0 km h 23 . 6 mph ) . Erzherzog Ferdinand Max carried a primary armament of four 24 centimeter ( 9 . 4 in ) 40 caliber guns in two twin turrets on the centerline . These guns were an Austro Hungarian replica of the British 24 cm 40 ( 9 . 4 ) Krupp C 94 , which was used on the Habsburgs . Her secondary armament consisted of twelve 19 centimeter ( 7 . 5 in ) 42 caliber guns , also made by koda , mounted in eight single casemates on either wing of the ship and two twin turrets on the unk shell 20 , 000 metres ( 22 , 000 yd ) at maximum elevation with a muzzle velocity of 800 metres per second ( 2 , 600 ft s ) . The gun weighed 12 . 1 tons and could fire three rounds per unk ships had a tertiary armament for protection against torpedo boats in the form of the 6 . 6 centimetres ( 2 . 6 in ) 45 caliber gun , also manufactured by koda . Anti aircraft and airship protection was covered by the four 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) Vickers anti aircraft guns on the ship bought from Britain in 1910 and mounted onto Erzherzog Karl . Erzherzog Ferdinand Max was also fitted with two above water 45 centimeter ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes , although rarely used . Service history At the outbreak of World War I , Erzherzog Ferdinand Max was in the III division of the Austrian Hungarian battle fleet . She was mobilized on the eve of the war along with the remainder of the fleet to support the flight of SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau . The two German ships were attempting to break out of Messina , which was surrounded by British troops , and make their way to Turkey . The breakout succeeded . When the flotilla had advanced as far south as Brindisi in south eastern Italy , the Austro Hungarian ships were recalled . In company with other units of the Austro Hungarian navy , Erzherzog Ferdinand Max took a minor part in the bombardment of Ancona on 24 May 1915 . There she and her sisters expended 24 rounds of 240 mm armor piercing shells at signal and semaphore stations as well as 74 rounds of 190 mm shells aimed at Italian gun batteries and other port installations . A major mutiny among crews of the armored cruisers stationed in Cattaro , including Sankt Georg and Kaiser Karl VI , began on 1 February 1918 . Two days later , Erzherzog Ferdinand Max and her sisters arrived in the port and assisted with the suppression of the mutiny . Following the restoration of order in the naval base , the armored cruisers Sankt Georg and Kaiser Karl VI were decommissioned and Erzherzog Ferdinand Max and her sisters were stationed in Cattaro in their place . On the morning of 11 June , Admiral Miklos Horthy planned a major assault on the Otranto Barrage the three Erzherzog Karls and the four Tegetthoff class battleships were to provide support for the Novara class cruisers on an assault on the Allied defenses at the Strait of Otranto . The plan was intended to replicate the success of the raid conducted one year earlier . Horthy 's plan was to destroy the blockading fleet by luring Allied ships to the cruisers and lighter ships , which were protected from the heavier guns of the battleships , including the guns of the Erzherzog Karl class . However , on the morning of 10 June , the dreadnought Szent Istvn was torpedoed and sunk by an Italian torpedo boat . Horthy felt that the element of surprise had been compromised , and therefore called off the operation . This was to be the last military action Erzherzog Ferdinand Max was to take part in , and she and her sisters spent the rest of their career in port . Near the end of World War I , the Erzherzog Karl class battleships were handed over to the newly formed State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs but Erzherzog Ferdinand Max was later transferred to Great Britain as a war reparation . She was later broken up for scrap in 1921 .
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3,131 | Umar ibn unk ibn unk or Amr ibn unk ibn unk , surnamed al unk , the one handed ( unk , unk , in Greek ) , and found as Amer or Ambros ( Greek unk or unk ) in Byzantine sources , was the semi independent Arab emir of Malatya ( Melitene ) from the 830s until his death in the Battle of Lalakaon on September 3 , 863 . During this time , he was one of the greatest enemies of the Byzantine Empire on its eastern frontier , and became a prominent figure in later Arabic and Turkish epic literature . Biography Umar belonged to the Banu Sulaym tribe , which was established in the western Jazira at the time of the Muslim conquests and played an important role in the affairs of Malatya and the Jaziran frontier zone ( thughur ) with the Byzantine Empire as well as the Caucasian frontier with the Khazars . His father , unk or unk , is little known , except that he was also emir of Malatya , and that ca . 810 he surrendered to the Byzantines the fortress of unk to obtain the release of his son , who was held captive . Umar himself probably became emir of Malatya in the 830s , and first appears in 838 , in the Amorium campaign of the Caliph al Mu 'tasim ( r . 833 842 ) . The campaign was waged in retaliation for a large scale raid in the previous year by the Byzantine emperor Theophilos ( r . 829 842 ) against the Arab border emirates , including Malatya , whose territory was laid waste and depopulated . During the Amorium campaign , Umar took part with his men in the great Arab victory over Theophilos himself at the Battle of Dazimon in July 838 . In the 840s , he provided refuge to the surviving members of the Paulicians , who were fleeing persecution in Byzantium , and allocated them the area around the fortresses of Tephrike , Amara and unk . The Paulician leader Karbeas turned this into a separate Paulician principality , allied with Umar and launching frequent expeditions against Byzantium , either in conjunction with Umar or independently . In 844 , Umar 's forces participated in a major raid that inflicted a heavy defeat upon an army led by the Byzantine chief minister , Theoktistos , at the Battle of Mauropotamos . In the late 840s , he was also engaged in warfare against a neighbouring Armenian lord named Skleros , whom he finally vanquished after a protracted and bloody conflict . In the 850s , Umar is recorded as having defeated an expedition led by the Byzantine emperor Michael III ( r . 842 867 ) against Samosata , and to have carried out a number of successful raids into Byzantium . One of them swept through the themes of unk and Opsikion and reached up to the great Byzantine army base of Malagina in Bithynia . He was unable , however , to stop a retaliatory expedition launched in 856 by Petronas against Melitene and Tephrike , which raided all the way to Amida , taking many prisoners before returning home . In 860 , along with Karbeas , Umar launched a major raid into Anatolia which reached the Black Sea port of Sinope , returning with over 12 , 000 head of captured livestock . Three years later , he was part of a major Abbasid force that invaded Anatolia through the Cilician Gates . After splitting off from the main force and repulsing a Byzantine army under Emperor Michael III at unk al unk ( Bishop 's Meadow ) in Cappadocia , Umar with his men headed north to sack the port city of Amisos . On his return , however , he was encircled by the Byzantines and killed at the Battle of Lalakaon on September 3 , 863 . Only a splinter of his army escaped under his son , but was then defeated and captured by the commander of the Charsianon district . According to al Tabari , when the news of Umar 's death , along with that of another celebrated leader , Ali ibn Yahya al Armani , arrived in Iraq , they provoked riots among the populace of Baghdad , Samarra , and other cities , angry at the Abbasid government 's perceived incompetence . Indeed , Umar 's death marked the end of Malatya as a military threat to Byzantium , although the city itself would remain in Muslim hands for 70 more years . Umar himself was succeeded by his son , Abu Abdallah , and grandson , Abu Hafs , who was forced to surrender the city to the Byzantine general John Kourkouas in 934 . Cultural legacy Like many other protagonists of the Arab Byzantine Wars , Umar figures in both Arab and Byzantine legend . In the Arab epic romance Tale of Delhemma and al Battal ( Srat unk al Himma wa l Bal ) , he is a major figure , although his role has been diminished and he is often cast as almost a villain , due to the tale 's bias in favour of the Banu Sulaym 's rivals , the Banu Kilab , who furnish most of the heroic characters . Traditions about Umar seem also to have influenced the story cycle around Umar ibn al Numan and his sons which became included in the One Thousand and One Nights , while Umar himself features in later Turkish epic literature centred around the heroic figure of Battal Ghazi ( inspired by the real life Umayyad general Abdallah al Battal ) , who is also one of the main heroes of the Delhemma . In Byzantine literature , Umar is regarded as the probable prototype for the emir unk , the grandfather of the eponymous hero in the epic poem Digenes Akritas , while the Greek scholar G. unk suggested him as the origin of the eponymous hero of the Song of Armouris . The German scholar Hans Georg Beck finds this identification unlikely , but points out to the reference to a short armed Arab leader in the same tale , which may reflect a folk tradition based on Umar . Finally , the 10th century scholar al Mas 'udi reports ( The Meadows of Gold , VIII , 74 75 ) that Umar was among the illustrious Muslims whose portraits were displayed in Byzantine churches in recognition of their valour .
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3,132 | Petar Parchevich ( Bulgarian unk , pronounced unk unk Croatian Petar unk ) or Petar unk unk ( unk unk ) ( c . 1612 23 July 1674 ) was a Bulgarian Roman Catholic archbishop , diplomat , scholar , baron of Austria and one of the architects behind the anti Ottoman Chiprovtsi Uprising . A native of Chiprovtsi and one of Bulgaria 's most educated people of the 17th century , Parchevich was among the leaders of the Bulgarian Roman Catholics . His numerous diplomatic visits to the royal courts of Europe were mostly in an attempt to garner support for an anti Ottoman uprising in Bulgaria , which he did not live to witness . Nevertheless , his efforts in defending Christianity earned him a noble title from the Austrian emperors , and he took up several important positions within the Roman Catholic ecclesiastical hierarchy . Education and early diplomacy Petar Parchevich was born circa 1612 in Chiprovtsi to an influential Parchevich ( unk ) family , having Croatian roots and being the ancestral house of the House of Pejaevi , a notable and distinguished Croatian noble family in the 18th and 19th century . Chiprovtsi was then a Catholic populated town in the northwestern Bulgarian lands under the rule of the Ottoman Empire . In the 17th century , Chiprovtsi was a rich merchant town in its cultural heyday . Like many Bulgarians from Chiprovtsi at the time , Parchevich was sent to be educated in Italy . Having studied in Rome and Loreto , he returned to Bulgaria in 1643 as a doctor of theology and canon law , which made him one of the most educated Bulgarians of his age . Upon his return , Parchevich engaged in diplomacy with the ultimate goal of ensuring the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule . Receiving papal support , Parchevich visited the royal courts of Europe and advocated the formation of an anti Ottoman alliance which would drive out the Ottoman Turks from the Balkans . Parchevich was received by the courts of the Austrian Empire , the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth , the Republic of Venice , the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia , and Pope Innocent X himself . There , he requested backing for an anti Ottoman campaign which would lead to the liberation of the Balkans , and most of all , of the great Bulgarian Empire . Parchevich made several visits to Poland , such as once in 1647 , when he was met by Wadysaw IV Vasa , and once in late 1649 , when he was received by the new king John II Casimir Vasa . In his speech before the Senate of Venice from 1650 , Parchevich referred to the unbearable Ottoman yoke and told of the Bulgarian people 's long struggle against the Ottomans . After meeting with Innocent and persuading the pope that Bulgaria could collect an army of 20 , 000 for an anti Ottoman campaign , Parchevich remained in Rome until the spring of 1651 . Archbishop , major diplomat and baron In 1658 , Parchevich was appointed head of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marcianopolis ( named after an Ancient Roman city near modern unk , northeastern Bulgaria ) . Along with the Diocese of unk headed by Filip unk , Marcianopolis was one of the two sees which succeeded the Bulgarian Custody as the governing body of Catholicism in Bulgaria . Parchevich also held the position of Bulgarian unk to the Viennese court . In 1661 , Parchevich had to step down as Archbishop of Marcianopolis due to pressure from Rome , which condemned his clerical inactivity , though in 1668 he became apostolic vicar to Moldavia despite continuing suspicion . By the mid 1650s , Parchevich had entered major European politics and was the central figure of a significant anti Ottoman plot . In 1656 , Parchevich arranged a meeting in Trgovite between the members of the plot , which included the rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia and high ranking clerics , including the Serbian Patriarch . After the meeting , Parchevich sent revolutionary messages to Bulgaria , Serbia , Albania and Greece , hoping to incite a rebellion . His plans were backed by the rulers of the Romanian lands which border Bulgaria north of the Danube Gheorghe tefan of Moldavia and Constantin erban of Wallachia . However , the lack of clear support by key accomplice Austria meant an eventual uprising had to be delayed . In 1657 , Parchevich was received by Cossack hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky , whom he visited on a special mission . In the same year , he was granted the noble title of baron by the Habsburgs owing to his merits in defending Christianity . As an Austrian noble , he was styled Peter Freiherr von Parchevich . In spite of Parchevich 's efforts , conditions would not be favourable to a Bulgarian anti Ottoman uprising until well after his death . While on a diplomatic mission to Pope Clement X , he died of illness in Rome in the summer of 1674 and was buried at the Sant 'Andrea delle unk basilica in the city . Parchevich 's letters and reports have been preserved and are an important source of information regarding his activities . Honours Various institutions around Bulgaria have been named after Petar Parchevich , including streets in the capital Sofia and Shumen . A Catholic football club known as SK Parchevich was founded in Plovdiv in 1923 and later merged into what is today PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv . One of the neighbourhoods of the mostly Catholic populated town of Rakovski in Plovdiv Province is also known as Parchevich . In addition , three schools , in Plovdiv , Rakovski and Chiprovtsi , are named after him , as is a community centre ( chitalishte ) in the Banat Bulgarian village of unk , Pleven Province . Parchevich Ridge in the unk Heights on Greenwich Island of the South Shetland Islands , Antarctica , also bears his name thanks to the efforts of the Antarctic Place names Commission of Bulgaria .
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3,133 | Tjioeng Wanara ( unk unk Perfected Spelling unk Wanara ) is a 1941 film from the Dutch East Indies ( modern day Indonesia ) directed and produced by Jo Eng Sek . Starring R Sukran , Elly Joenara , and AB Djoenaedi , it featured more than 500 people in supporting roles . The film follows a young prince named Tjioeng Wanara who must reclaim his throne from the cruel King of Galuh it is adapted from the Sundanese legend of the same name . The second production by Star Film , Tjioeng Wanara was released on 18 August 1941 . It was advertised heavily , emphasising the fact that the scholar Poerbatjaraka had served as the historical adviser and that the film was based on Balai Pustaka 's version of the legend . It premiered to commercial success , but received mixed reviews . This black and white production , which was screened until at least 1948 , is now thought lost . Plot In 1255 Saka , unk unk is the King of Galuh , beloved by his people and his wife Naganingroem . The minister Aria Kebonan wants power for himself , and persuades the king to surrender the crown to him . unk unk warns Aria Kebonan to respect him always and not to bother his wife . He then abdicates to meditate , ultimately ascending to a higher plane of existence . Aria Kebonan , meanwhile , magically gains the king 's appearance , ensuring that the people of Galuh are unaware that they have a new king . Aria Kebonan proves to be an unpopular ruler . One day , he hears that both Naganingroem and the king 's former concubine , Dewi Pangrenjep , are pregnant . With Dewi Pangrenjep , Aria Kebonan plans to eliminate Naganingroem 's son . During childbirth the son is replaced with a dog , while Dewi Pangrenjep takes the newborn and throws him into a river . He is later found and rescued by farmers , who name him Tjioeng Wanara . Dewi Pangrenjep , meanwhile , gives birth to a son , Aria Banga . Years pass , and Tjioeng Wanara grows to be a strong young man . Aria Banga , meanwhile , has taken over the throne and rules with an iron fist , hated and feared by his people . Tjioeng Wanara returns to Galuh and overthrows the king , arresting Aria Kebonan and Dewi Pangrenjep Aria Banga , however , is able to escape and establish the kingdom of Majapahit . Tjioeng Wanara rules kindly over his people and later moves his capital to Pajajaran . Production Tjioeng Wanara was directed and produced by Jo Eng Sek for Star Film . It was the second production by both Jo and the company , following Pah Wongso Pendekar Boediman in 1941 . Poerbatjaraka , a scholar of traditional literature , served as the historical adviser to the production . Cinematography for the black and white film was handled by Chok Chin Hsien . By June 1941 production was almost complete . The film starred R Sukran , Elly Joenara , AB Djoenaedi , unk Arief , and S Waldy . Waldy had made his film debut in 1940 's Zoebaida for Oriental Film Company , later joining Star for Pah Wongso Joenara and Arief had begun their cinema careers in the latter film . Tjioeng Wanara featured the first on screen performances by Djoenaedi and Sukran . The stars were supported by over 500 extras and actors in bit parts . As such , JB Kristanto 's Katalog Film Indonesia records the production as the first colossal film in the Indies , in terms of scale . Tjioeng Wanara was based on a Sundanese legend of the same name , retold by M. A. Salmoen in a 1938 Balai Pustaka published edition which was then adapted by Rd Ariffien as such , a review in the Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad found that the film contained little of the original tale except for the characters ' names . The film featured traditional arts such as the unk dance . Release and reception Though initially slated for a July 1941 release , Tjioeng Wanara ultimately premiered at the Orion Theatre in Batavia ( now Jakarta ) on 18 August 1941 . It was publicised extensively , often emphasising the role of Poerbatjaraka and using the name of Balai Pustaka , the official publishing house of the Dutch East Indies government known for its printed versions of traditional tales , in advertisements . The film was rated for all ages . The premiere of Tjioeng Wanara was shown to a packed theatre . Reception of the film , however , was mixed . An anonymous review in the Soerabaijasch Handelsblad was positive , considering the film to be successful in its adaptation of the legend , while another , in the same newspaper , recommended it . Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran , however , writes that some viewers considered the film nothing more than a stage play brought to the silver screen . Legacy Star made four further films before it was closed in 1942 , when the Japanese occupied the Indies Jo Eng Sek did not direct again . After writing Tjioeng Wanara , Ariffien left Star Film to work at a circus Biran writes that he was disappointed over the work 's poor reception . Joenara , Arief , and Waldy remained in the film industry Joenara went on to be a producer , while Arief and Waldy later took up directing . Neither Djoenaedi nor Sukran are recorded as making another film . Tjioeng Wanara was screened as late as June 1948 , though it is now likely lost . Movies in the Indies were recorded on highly flammable nitrate film , and after a fire destroyed much of Produksi Film Negara 's warehouse in 1952 , old films shot on nitrate were deliberately destroyed . As such , American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider suggests that all Indonesian films from before 1950 are lost . However , Kristanto records several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia 's archives , and Biran writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands Government Information Service . Explanatory notes
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3,134 | Fun Run is the first and second episode of the fourth season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's fifty fourth and fifty fifth episode overall . Written and directed by executive producer and showrunner Greg Daniels , the episode first aired on NBC in the United States on September 27 , 2007 . In the episode , Michael Scott believes the office is cursed after he accidentally hits Meredith Palmer with his car . After being taken to the hospital , Meredith is found to have rabies . In an attempt to make amends with Meredith , Michael sponsors a fun run for rabies . Meanwhile , it is revealed that Jim Halpert and Pam Beesly are dating , while Angela Martin is mad at Dwight Schrute for killing her cat Sprinkles . The episode received mixed reviews from the varying critics , while most praised the episode for Jim and Pam 's relationship . However , critics had differing opinions when it came to how Michael behaved throughout the episode . Plot Over the summer , Jan Levinson ( Melora Hardin ) moved in with Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) , Ryan Howard ( B.J. Novak ) started his new job at Corporate and Jim Halpert ( John Krasinski ) broke up with Karen Filippelli ( Rashida Jones ) , who left Dunder Mifflin Scranton . Jim and Pam Beesly ( Jenna Fischer ) claim that they see each other socially but only as friends . The documentary crew catches Pam picking up Jim in her car . They kiss and drive away . When faced with the footage of them kissing , Jim and Pam admit to the documentary crew that they are secretly dating . As he arrives at work , Michael accidentally hits Meredith Palmer ( Kate Flannery ) with his car , sending her to the hospital for a fractured pelvis . Forced to join a group visit to Meredith in the hospital , Angela Martin ( Angela Kinsey ) leaves Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) with complicated instructions on the care of her ailing cat Sprinkles . During the hospital visit , Michael fails to obtain forgiveness from Meredith . When Angela returns to the office , Dwight informs her that her cat is dead . Dwight explains to Angela that he killed her cat because it was suffering , and that this is normal on the farm . Angela is furious , because being euthanized prevents Sprinkles from being in cat heaven . The combination of Meredith 's accident , Sprinkles ' death , and a virus on Pam 's computer ( which is cleaned by the company 's tech support employee , Sadiq , portrayed by Omi Vaidya ) convinces Michael that the office is cursed . He insists that he is not superstitious , but rather a little unk . Dwight discovers that Meredith has had a precautionary rabies shot due to several animal bites . Michael immediately takes credit for saving Meredith 's life by sending her to the hospital and declares the curse over . But , still feeling guilty about hurting Meredith , Michael organizes a charity five kilometer fun run to raise awareness of the dangers of rabies . Over half of the money raised is spent on the check presentation ceremony . Few take the race seriously ( Creed , Oscar and Stanley sneak off to a bar while Jim and Pam visit a garage sale ) and while Toby Flenderson ( Paul Lieberstein ) finishes first and Michael becomes ill , having carbo loaded ( he ate unk unk before the race ) and abstained from water . In the hospital for dehydration , Michael is visited by Meredith . In recognition of his efforts , she forgives him . Production Fun Run was the eighth episode of the series written by Greg Daniels and ninth episode directed by him . The episode was the second of the series in which Daniels was both the writer and director . Daniels also wrote and directed the first season episode Basketball . After initially reading the script , Kate Flannery asked producer Kent Zbornak if Meredith was going to live , to which he replied This isn 't All My Children . Flannery was nervous about doing her own stunt , so Zbornak did it first to show her that she would be fine . Flannery recalls I kind of got competitive with him , and I thought , ' I can do that . I can do that better than he can . ' At first , Flannery would flinch before hitting the glass , until director Greg Daniels was able to get her to not think about it . Flannery 's arms were bruised , due to having to film the scene multiple times . During the hospital scenes , Flannery and Steve Carell improvised a few times . Reception Pam and Jim finally getting together went over well with most critics . Zap2It 's Rick Porter thought the show handled the PB J ( Pam Beesly and Jim ) stuff as well as it always has , underplaying the romance as much as the NBC marketing folks overplay it . Although , Christine Fenno from Entertainment Weekly was happy about Pam and Jim finally dating , she was critical of them being secret about it , reasoning I mean , nobody 's cheating . Can 't the Pam and Jim plotline have a bigger obstacle than self imposed , weakly enforced secrecy TV Guide 's Jack Rodgers was glad the writers aren t jerking us around anymore , and the pair are finally busted when Jim hops a ride home with Pam after work . Reviews for Michael in this episode were a little bit more mixed . Rick Porter said that there was a little too much Bad Michael in the hour for my taste . Travis Fickett , of IGN , disagreed , saying that the best stuff in the episode comes from Steve Carell . There 's his reaction to hitting Meredith , how he breaks it to the office , and his fear that the office is cursed . Will Leitch , a writer for New York Magazine , said that Michael hitting Meredith with his car was one of the most shocking moments in the show s history and nothing that came afterwards could quite top what happened in the first 25 seconds .
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3,135 | New York State Route 129 ( NY 129 ) is a 7 . 75 mile ( 12 . 47 km ) long state highway in the western part of Westchester County , New York . The route begins at New York State Route 9A ( South Riverside Avenue ) in the village of Croton on Hudson at the Hudson River . NY 129 then travels through the towns of Cortlandt and Yorktown , running along the northern edge of the New Croton Reservoir . It passes under ( southbound ) and over ( northbound ) the Taconic State Parkway in Yorktown with no direct interchange . NY 129 ends in Yorktown at an intersection with NY 118 . NY 129 was designated in 1908 as a section of Route 2 , a legislative route designated by the New York State Legislature . However , in 1921 , the route was realigned off the route that would become NY 129 in favor of NY 9A . Nine years later , the state designated the route as NY 129 during the state highway renumbering . The route originally followed a route used by NY 131 once the routes were swapped in the 1940s , with NY 131 being decommissioned soon after . NY 129 was extended to end at a traffic circle with NY 100 in the hamlet of Pines Bridge . This lasted up to at least 1969 , when the designation was truncated back to NY 118 , which was extended to the traffic circle instead . The traffic circle in Pines Bridge was removed by 1991 . Originally , NY 129 had an interchange with the Taconic , but the ramps were removed in 1969 and a new interchange was built on nearby Underhill Road . Route description NY 129 begins at an intersection with NY 9A ( South Riverside Avenue ) in the village of Croton on Hudson , next to U.S. Route 9 ( US 9 ) . NY 129 proceeds northward from NY 9A along Maple Street , a two lane commercial street through the village . At Van Cortlandt Park , NY 129 becomes residential , passing Croton Harmon High School as it bends to the northeast . At the junction with Grand Street , NY 129 continues northeast on Grand Street , which is a two lane residential street . The route continues northeast through the village , crossing an intersection with Quaker Bridge Road before becoming a wooded lane in the town of Cortlandt . In Cortlandt , NY 129 continues north as Grand Street , paralleling a local creek and entering Croton Dam Plaza . Running along the western edge of the plaza , NY 129 bends north at a view of the New Croton Dam , continuing its way north alongside the New Croton Reservoir . NY 129 soon changes names to Croton Dam Road , passing east of the Croton Harman School District headquarters . At an intersection with East Mount Airy Road , NY 129 runs eastward along the reservoir , changing names to Yorktown Road . On a short stint away from the reservoir , NY 129 intersects with Croton Road before crossing over the Hunters Brook Bridge , where it crosses into the historic community of Huntersville . Continuing northeast from Huntersville , NY 129 , now known as Croton Lake Road , bends through the town of Yorktown . Through Yorktown , NY 129 is a two lane residential street alongside the reservoir , soon making a gradual bend to the southeast into an intersection with County Route 131 ( CR 131 Underhill Avenue ) , a former alignment of NY 131 . At the junction with CR 131 , NY 129 turns southward , soon winding its way southeast under the lanes of the Taconic State Parkway , and back alongside the New Croton Reservoir . After crossing under the Taconic , the route then drops back down to the reservoir and passing a house reported to have been moved from Huntersville before it was flooded . Making several winds to the southeast , NY 129 connects to the Gate House Bridge , soon running eastward through Yorktown . NY 129 intersects with NY 118 ( Saw Mill River Road ) . This intersection serves as the eastern terminus of NY 129 , as NY 118 continues east along the reservoir . History What is now NY 129 was developed in the early 20th century as part of a general project to improve access and transportation across the reservoirs . In 1908 , the New York State Legislature created Route 2 , an unsigned legislative route ( an unsigned internal route ) extending from the New York City line at Yonkers to the Columbia County village of Valatie . Route 2 initially followed modern NY 129 , Croton Avenue , and NY 35 between Croton on Hudson and Peekskill however , it was realigned on March 1 , 1921 , to use what is now NY 9A instead . NY 129 was designated to most of its current alignment as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York . It originally followed Croton Dam Road , the southern perimeter road around the New Croton Reservoir , while Croton Lake Road , the northern route , was designated as NY 131 by the following year . The alignments of NY 129 and NY 131 in the vicinity of the reservoir were swapped c . 1941 and the NY 131 designation ceased to exist by the mid 1940s . With the route changes , NY 129 was extended to terminate at NY 100 at a traffic circle in Pines Bridge while NY 118 terminated near Croton Lake . This extension lasted for over two decades until NY 118 was extended over the alignment of NY 129 to the traffic circle by 1969 . Ramps from NY 129 to the Taconic State Parkway were removed by the East Hudson Parkway Authority in November 1969 , to be replaced with a bridge . This required a shutdown of NY 129 and required drivers going north to Underhill Road . In fall 1988 , the original Hunter Brook Bridge ( less than 19 feet ( 5 . 8 m ) wide ) was replaced , as it was never designed to take heavy traffic such as concrete mixing trucks . Between 1988 and 1991 , the traffic circle between NY 118 and NY 100 was removed in favor of a three way intersection between the two highways . Major intersections The entire route is in Westchester County .
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3,136 | The Governor 's Daughter is a 1910 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Company . The story details a convict who is being sent to prison when the train is wrecked and the sheriff escorting him is killed . The convict frees himself , but halts his escape to save the life of a little girl . As he returns the girl to her nurse , a policeman identifies and recaptures him . Later the little girl accompanies her father , the governor , on a tour of the prison and the father pardons the hero convict . The film included scenes of a real train wreck and the scenario was written around the filming of the disaster . The film received praise for the before and after scenes which were described as shocking to The Moving Picture World 's reviewer . The film was released on June 24 , 1910 , and was shown as far away as Australia . The film is presumed lost . Plot Though the film is presumed lost , a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from June 25 , 1910 . It states Bill Raymond , a convict , sentenced to a long term , is on his way to prison , in custody of the sheriff . A little girl Nell is a passenger in the same train . She shows that she feels sorry for the man . He in turn appreciates her sympathy . The train is wrecked , and the sheriff , who is handcuffed to Bill , is killed . Bill takes the key of the handcuffs from the pocket of the dead man , frees himself , and is about to escape , when he notices that the little girl , abandoned by her nurse , is lying unconscious in the car , which is now on fire . The convict risks his life to save the child , and carries her out in his arms . He takes her to her nurse and is recognized by a policeman and taken in custody , his chance for freedom lost . The child , who is the daughter of the governor , although Bill does not know it , is restored to her parent . The nurse fears to mention the incident , and the governor does not know how his darling 's life was saved . Later the governor goes to the state prison on a tour of inspection , and Nell accompanies him . She has some flowers which she wants to give to the prisoners . In her tour of the prison , she recognizes Bill . She tells her father about it , and he pardons the hero convict on the spot .... Production The impetus to produce this film appears to have been the ability of the Thanhouser crew to capture a disaster on film . Film historian Q. David Bowers writes , What was one company 's misfortune was another 's gain , and from time to time during the next few years Thanhouser cameramen hurried to film scenes of disasters so that they could be featured as film episodes in scenarios which were written after the fact . It is unknown what particular rail disaster was filmed , but a possible that the accident depicted was in the Bronx on the night of June 1 , 1910 . That night one stalled train , concealed in smoke from a fire , was struck by another train near the Mott Avenue subway station . One of the composite cars was shredded by the steel cars behind it there were no fatalities in the accident . Other accidents prior to the film debut occurred in January and February . The writer of the scenario is unknown , but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . Lonergan was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . He was the most important script writer for Thanhouser , averaging 200 scripts a year from 1910 to 1915 . The film director is unknown , but it may have been Barry O 'Neil . Bowers does not attribute a cameraman for this production , but two possible candidates exist . Blair Smith was the first cameraman of the Thanhouser company , but he was soon joined by Carl Louis Gregory who had years of experience as a still and motion picture photographer . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions . The only credit known for the cast is that of Marie Eline as Nell . Other members cast may have included the leading players of the Thanhouser productions , Anna Rosemond and Frank H. Crane . Rosemond was one of two leading ladies for the first year of the company . Crane was also involved in the very beginnings of the Thanhouser Company and acted in numerous productions before becoming a director at Thanhouser . Release and reception The single reel drama , approximately 985 feet long , was released on June 24 , 1910 . Advertisements played up the wreck of the 40 , 000 train car while a positive review in The Moving Picture World praised the well managed production 's prison and track wreck scenes , but remarked that the improbable story was purely fantastical . One of the more dramatic articles to appear in The Moving Picture World included reference to the film while playing up the dramatic element describe the footage and the filming of the wreck . It states ... The scenes were portrayals of a train crash and they give you startling before and after wreck views . They made you shiver when they showed you the fate that came to a car full of passengers sudden , cruel and without warning . They made you shiver ... And you thanked God that the thing before you was only a picture on the screen Known advertisements for the film included theaters in Rhode Island and Indiana . Records show that film made it to Australia , with one Launceston , Tasmania newspaper showing an advertisement on January 30 , 1911 . The film was still in circulation years after its production , with the Pennsylvania State Board of Censors of Moving Pictures approving this film for viewing without censorship in a May 21 , 1915 decision . This list also records the existence of two films bearing the same name , one from Selig Polyscope and the other from the clair American Company .
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3,137 | Dyspanopeus sayi is a species of mud crab that is native to the Atlantic coast of North America . It has also become established outside its native range , living in Swansea Docks since 1960 , the Mediterranean Sea since the 1970s , the North Sea since 2007 and the Black Sea since 2010 . It can reach a carapace width of 20 mm ( 0 . 8 in ) , and has black tips to its unequal claws . It feeds on bivalves and barnacles , and is in turn eaten by predators including the Atlantic blue crab , Callinectes sapidus . Eggs are produced from spring to autumn , the offspring reach sexual maturity the following summer , and individuals can live for up to two years . The closest relative of D. sayi is D. texanus , which lives in the Gulf of Mexico the two species differ in subtle features of the genitalia and the last pair of walking legs . Description Dyspanopeus sayi is a small crab , similar in appearance to unk unk . It reaches a maximum carapace width of 20 millimetres ( 0 . 8 in ) , with sexually mature females having a carapace 6 . 1 millimetres ( 0 . 24 in ) or more across . The carapace is roughly hexagonal , about 1 . 3 1 . 4 times as wide as long and strongly convex . It has a finely granular surface , and has a light covering of hair , especially towards the front and sides . The chelae ( claws ) are unequal the right claw is stouter , and the left claw is narrower . The carapace is olive green to brown , but the tips of the claws are black . Distribution The natural range of D. sayi extends from the Baie des unk ( eastern Canada ) to the Florida Keys ( south eastern United States ) , where it lives from the intertidal zone down to depths of 46 metres ( 151 ft ) . It tolerates a wide range of temperatures and salinities . D. sayi has also been recorded from a number of locations in Europe . The first sighting was in Swansea Docks , South Wales ( United Kingdom ) in 1960 , and the scientist who reported it , E. Naylor , believed there was no doubt that the species had arrived through trans Atlantic shipping . The first record from the Mediterranean Sea was made in 1993 , when the species was discovered in the Venetian Lagoon ( north eastern Italy ) , although it is thought to have been living there since the late 1970s . In 2007 , D. sayi was recorded from the North Sea coast of the Netherlands . It was discovered in the Black Sea in 2010 , living in Constana harbour ( Romania ) , and in the Ebro delta of the Balearic Sea ( western Mediterranean Sea ) in 2012 . Ecology Dyspanopeus sayi lives predominantly on muddy bottoms , where it is a predator of bivalve molluscs . In its native environment , it hides among colonies of polychaetes to avoid being preyed on by the Atlantic blue crab , Callinectes sapidus . It is an important predator of the quahog , Mercenaria mercenaria , in Narragansett Bay , and of the barnacle Balanus unk in Delaware Bay . In the Adriatic Sea , it has been observed to feed on the striped unk clam , Chamelea unk , and the introduced Asian date mussel , unk unk . Life cycle The life cycle of D. sayi begins with copulation , which normally takes place shortly after the female has moulted , while her exoskeleton is still soft . Spawning occurs within hours or days of copulation , and the eggs are brooded on the female 's pleopods ( unk ) until they are ready to hatch . Females have been found carrying eggs from April to October in a study of crabs caught at Gloucester Point , Virginia in 1978 , females were observed to carry between 686 and 14 , 735 eggs . The number of eggs increases with carapace width according to a power law extrapolation of the power law suggests that the largest D. sayi females are capable of carrying over 32 , 000 eggs each . At 29 C ( 84 F ) , the eggs can take only 9 or 10 days to develop , and this increases to 16 days at temperatures of 20 C ( 68 F ) . The young crabs hatch as zoea larvae , and pass through three further unk stages and one megalopa before becoming juveniles . Juveniles are thought to reach maturity in the summer after they hatch . The total lifespan of an individual can be up to 2 years . Taxonomy The species had been noticed by the American zoologist Thomas Say , and formed part of the species he called Cancer unk a junior homonym of Cancer unk Herbst , 1801 , which is itself a junior synonym of unk scaber ( Fabricius , 1798 ) . In 1869 , Sidney Irving Smith described seven new species in the genus Panopeus , including P. sayi , in addition to the twelve species already placed in the genus at that time . Common names for the species include Say 's mud crab and Say mud crab . Smith noted the similarity of the species to Panopeus texanus , which had been described ten years earlier by William Stimpson , and Smith considered that the two might be the same species . In 1880 , John Sterling Kingsley and Alphonse Milne Edwards independently synonymised P. sayi with P. texana , which remained until Mary J. Rathbun moved both taxa to the genus unk and re established Smith 's taxon as a subspecies of N. texana . She argued that the two taxa should be considered subspecies , as hybrids between them occurred , although the specimens she saw are now thought to be D. sayi . In 1972 , Lawrence G. Abele re examined N. texanus texanus , N. texanus sayi and N. unk , and concluded that they were all good species , and so re elevated N. sayi to the rank of species . In 1986 , Joel W. Martin and Abele placed N. texanus and N. sayi in a separate genus , Dyspanopeus , reaffirming their close relationship . However , P. texana only occurs in the Gulf of Mexico , and can be distinguished from P. sayi by the form of the fifth pereiopod ( last walking leg ) and that of the male gonopod .
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3,138 | The Field Spaniel is a medium sized breed dog of the spaniel type . They were originally developed to be all black show dogs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and were unpopular for work as a hunting dog . However , during the mid 20th century they were redeveloped as a longer legged dog that was more suitable to be used for field work . They are now considered to be a rare breed , and are registered as a Vulnerable Native Breed by The Kennel Club . Their fur is darker than other spaniels and have no undercoat . Their coats come mostly in solid colours with some occasional markings on the chest . They can make good family dogs and are patient with children , but can require some sort of purpose , be it hunting or agility work in order to prevent them from becoming bored and destructive . History The Field Spaniel was originally developed for the show ring by competitors who were attempting to develop an all black Spaniel . Some of the breeding methods of those early developers were criticised one of the first breeders of the Field Spaniel , Thomas Jacobs , said of the origin Much has been written and said on the purity of the breed deprecating the means I have adopted to produce them as calculated to alter a presumed type , and frequent missiles have at me and my dogs from behind the hedge . But where is the pure bred black spaniel we hear so much about Proof of the existence of the pure bred one ( if there ever was one ) has not been forthcoming . Like most sporting dogs , they are the result of different crosses . They were unpopular with sportsmen as the dark colours of the breed did not show up in hunting conditions , and the elongated and short shape of the early breed was not very practical for moving easily through cover . The low slung variety of Field Spaniel were developed by Phineas Bullock from dogs previously owned by Sir Francis Burdett , the secretary of the Birmingham Dog Show . Burdett was said to have owned a variety of black Cocker Spaniels . Bullock crossed the Field Spaniel with the Sussex Spaniel and the English Water Spaniel . In the 1870s he was very successful in the show ring with his variety of Field Spaniel however , it resulted in a dog that was almost exactly like a Sussex Spaniel with the exception of the head itself . The dog who is considered to be the father of the modern English Cocker Spaniel is Ch . Obo , who was born in 1879 to a Sussex Spaniel father and a Field Spaniel mother . Obo 's son Ch . Obo II is considered to be the father of the modern American Cocker Spaniel , who was described as being only ten inches high with quite a long body . By 1909 , the average weight of a Field Spaniel was 35 45 pounds ( 16 20 kg ) . Further mixing of the breed occurred with elements of the Basset Hound introduced . Various genetic health issues arose and action was taken in order to correct the problems within the breed . English Springer Spaniels were used to introduce healthier elements into the breed and resulted in the longer legged spaniel that we know today . Most of the modern breed can be traced to four dogs from the 1950s Colombina of unk , unk unk of unk , unk Teal , and Ronayne Regal . The Field Spaniel remains a rare breed , even in the UK . In 2009 , a total of 51 dogs were registered with The Kennel Club and has been in steady decline since 2000 . Out of all the Spaniel breeds registered with The Kennel Club , the Field Spaniel has the lowest numbered registered year on year , with only the Sussex Spaniel coming a close second with 60 registrations in 2009 . This is compared to the English Springer Spaniel with 12 , 700 and the English Cocker Spaniel with 22 , 211 registrations in 2009 alone . In order to promote the breed , they have been registered as a Vulnerable Native Breed by The Kennel Club . Description Appearance The standard size for a Field Spaniel is 17 18 inches ( 43 46 cm ) tall at the withers , and a weight of between 40 55 pounds ( 18 25 kg ) . This places it roughly between the English Cocker Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel in size . Its long , silky coat comes in solid colours of black , liver , or roan . Tan points , white markings on the throat and the chest can be ticked or the same colour as the rest of the body . They have a moderately long single coat with no undercoat . unk of the fur appears on the chest , belly , ears and on the back of the legs . The coat is not as heavy as that of a Cocker Spaniel but will require grooming in order to prevent mats from appearing in the fur . Docked tails were often used in working dogs , as poor blood flow left healing of the non docked tail difficult . Temperament The Field Spaniel can be a good family dog while it has a job to do . They are suitable for dog agility and hunting . Without some sort of purpose , the dog can often try to amuse itself and cause mischief . However , they are patient with children and like to stay close to their family . When socialised , they are good with other dogs . They are generally docile and independent , and are not as excitable as Cocker Spaniels . Stanley Coren 's The Intelligence of Dogs lists the breed as being above average in working intelligence . Health There are a few ocular conditions to which the Field Spaniel has a predisposition . These include cataracts , retinal atrophy and retinal dysplasia . Hip dysplasia has appeared in British lines of Field Spaniels . In a health survey conducted by the Kennel Club ( UK ) , the primary cause of death in Field Spaniels was cancer , with the second most frequent cause being old age . The median lifespan for the breed was found to be eleven years and eight months , which is five months higher than the median age for all dog breeds .
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3,139 | Does Anybody Hear Her is a song recorded by Christian rock band Casting Crowns , released by Beach Street Records , Reunion Records , and Provident Label Group . Written by Mark Hall and produced by Mark A. Miller , it was released on September 23 , 2006 as the third single from the band 's 2005 album Lifesong . An alternative CCM and adult contemporary song , Does Anybody Hear Her relates the story of a girl who is being pushed away by the Christian church as well as the message that condemning other people is wrong . Does Anybody Hear Her received positive reviews from most music critics , many of whom praised the song 's lyrical theme . It was successful on Christian radio , peaking at number one on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs and Hot Christian AC charts it also topped the Radio Records Christian AC and Soft AC Inspirational charts . It ranked at number thirty three on the 2000s decade end Hot Christian AC chart and number forty six on the 2000s decade end Hot Christian Songs chart . Background and production According to lead vocalist Mark Hall , Does Anybody Hear Her is about a girl who is making all the wrong decisions and about how and how the Christian church is not there for her . Hall began writing the song around 2000 about a girl in his youth group it ultimately encompassed around 15 20 girls who due to their father not being there for them tried to find intimacy elsewhere , ultimate giving themselves away to the first person who loves them . Hall said that We the Christian church attach identities to people , saying , ' It s too late to reach this person , ' or ' This person here , there s still some good there , so we should try on this one , ' or ' This one s a lost cause , we just need to get him out of here ' . That s a scary place to live if you re that person if you didn t make the church s ' list ' . Does Anybody Hear Her was written by Mark Hall . It was produced by Mark A. Miller and recorded and mixed by Sam Hewitt at Zoo Studio in Franklin , Tennessee . Additional recording was done at Lifesong Studio in McDonough , Georgia . The song was mastered by Richard Dodd and engineered by Dale Oliver and John Lewis Lee III . The strings on the song were arranged by Bobby Huff and were recorded at Little Big Studio by Boeho Shin and Daewoo Kim . Composition Does Anybody Hear Her is a song with a length of four minutes and twenty eight seconds . According to the sheet music published by Musicnotes.com , it is set in common time in the key of F major ( although the band usually performs the song live in the key of E major ) and has a tempo of 77 beats per minute . Mark Hall 's vocal range in the song spans from the low note of C4 to the high note of F5 . A ballad , Does Anybody Hear Her is an alternative CCM and adult contemporary song . Lyrically , the song relates the story of a young woman who is being pushed away by the Christian church . It delivers the message that condemning other people is wrong and that the Christian church is being too judgmental of pregnant teenagers . Critical reception Does Anybody Hear Her received positive reviews from most music critics . Kim Jones of About.com called the song her favorite off of Lifesong . Jared Johnson of Allmusic praised the song as an example of Mark Hall 's artistic balladry . Deborah Evans Price of Billboard described it as potent . David McCreary of CCM Magazine felt that the song 's softer cadence didn 't diminish its hard hitting message . Although describing it as poignant , Russ Breimeier of Christianity Today felt the song was too broad in scope . John DiBiase of Jesus Freak Hideout described Does Anybody Hear Her as a step backwards from the opening tracks of Lifesong but felt that its musical tone still works in the grand scheme of the song 's message . Release and chart performance Does Anybody Hear Her was released to Christian AC and Soft AC Inspirational radio on September 23 , 2006 . It debuted at number twenty four on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs for the chart week of November 4 , 2006 . It advanced to number five in its seventh chart week and to number four in its twelfth chart week . In its fifteenth chart week , Does Anybody Hear Her hit the number one position , which it held for six consecutive weeks . In total , it spent thirty three weeks on the Hot Christian Songs chart . It also peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot Christian AC and Radio Records Christian AC and Soft AC Inspirational charts . Does Anybody Hear Her ranked at number eighty nine on the 2006 year end Radio Records Christian AC chart . It ranked at number eight on the 2007 year end Billboard Hot Christian AC chart and at number ten on the 2007 year end Hot Christian Songs chart , as well as at number eight on the 2007 year end Radio Records Christian AC chart and number thirteen on the 2007 year end Soft AC Inspirational chart . On the decade end Billboard charts , Does Anybody Hear Her ranked at number thirty three on the Hot Christian AC chart and number forty six on the Hot Christian Songs chart . Live performances Casting Crowns performed Does Anybody Hear Her as the fourth song on their set list at a concert on November 12 , 2005 at the Stabler Arena in Bethlehem , Pennsylvania . They performed it as the eleventh song on their setlist at a concert on February 4 , 2010 at the Sprint Center in Kansas City , Missouri . As part of an acoustic set at a concert on February 28 , 2010 in Hershey , Pennsylvania . Track listing Digital download Does Anybody Hear Her 4 28 Credits and personnel Credits lifted from the album liner notes of Lifesong . Charts Release and radio history
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3,140 | SMS Hansa was a protected cruiser of the Victoria Louise class , built for the German Imperial Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine ) in the 1890s , along with her sister ships Victoria Louise , Hertha , Vineta , and Freya . Hansa was laid down at the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin in 1896 , launched in March 1898 , and commissioned into the Navy in April 1899 . The ship was armed with a battery of two 21 cm guns and eight 15 cm guns and had a top speed of 19 knots ( 35 km h 22 mph ) . Hansa served abroad in the German East Asia Squadron for the first six years of her career . She contributed a landing party to the force that captured the Taku Forts during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 . In August 1904 , she participated in the internment of the Russian battleship Tsesarevich after the Battle of the Yellow Sea during the Russo Japanese War . After returning to Germany in 1906 , she was modernized and used as a training ship in 1909 , following the completion of the refit . At the outbreak of World War I , Hansa was mobilized into the 5th Scouting Group , but served in front line duty only briefly . She was used as a barracks ship after 1915 , and ultimately sold for scrapping in 1920 . Design Hansa was ordered under the contract name N and was laid down at the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin in 1896 . She was launched on 12 March 1898 , after which fitting out work commenced . She was commissioned into the German navy on 20 April 1899 . The ship was 110 . 6 meters ( 363 ft ) long overall and had a beam of 17 . 4 m ( 57 ft ) and a draft of 6 . 58 m ( 21 . 6 ft ) forward . She displaced 6 , 491 t ( 6 , 388 long tons 7 , 155 short tons ) at full combat load . Her propulsion system consisted of three vertical 4 cylinder triple expansion engines powered by twelve coal fired Drr boilers . Her engines provided a top speed of 19 kn ( 35 km h 22 mph ) and a range of approximately 3 , 412 nautical miles ( 6 , 319 km 3 , 926 mi ) at 12 kn ( 22 km h 14 mph ) . She had a crew of 31 officers and 446 enlisted men . The ship was armed with two 21 cm SK L 40 guns in single turrets , one forward and one aft . The guns were supplied with 58 rounds of ammunition each . They had a range of 16 , 300 m ( 53 , 500 ft ) . Hansa also carried eight 15 cm SK L 40 guns . Four were mounted in turrets amidships and the other four were placed in casemates . These guns had a range of 13 , 700 m ( 44 , 900 ft ) . She also carried ten 8 . 8 cm SK L 35 guns . The gun armament was rounded out by machine guns . She was also equipped with three 45 cm ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes with eight torpedoes , two launchers were mounted on the broadside and the third was in the bow , all below the waterline . Service history Following her commissioning in 1899 , Hansa was deployed to Germany 's overseas possessions . Hansa 's first commander on the China station was Hugo von Pohl , who went on to command the High Seas Fleet during World War I. As part of the East Asia Squadron during the Boxer Rebellion , the ship made a noteworthy contribution in the Battle of the Taku Forts . In June 1900 , Hansa , along with Hertha , Gefion , and Irene landed detachments of unk ( marines ) to seize the Taku Forts . The marines joined detachments sent from warships of several other countries . A total of around 450 German troops were contributed to the multi national force , which totaled around 2 , 200 officers and men . On 11 July 1903 , the ship steamed into the British naval base at Weihaiwei , along with the Chinese cruiser Hai Chi . Hansa left the port two days later . On 16 January 1904 , Hansa visited unk Bay outside of Hong Kong and departed after two days in the harbor . In February , the Russo Japanese War broke out Hansa was sent from Che Foo for Port Arthur , which was under attack by Japanese forces . Hansa evacuated the German civilians in the port . In early March , she was again in Hong Kong , and was joined there by the flagship of the East Asia Squadron , Frst Bismarck on the 8th . In August , the badly damaged Russian battleship Tsesarevich and three destroyers sought refuge in the German naval base at Tsingtao following the Russian defeat in the Battle of the Yellow Sea . As Germany was neutral , the East Asia Squadron interned Tsesarevich and the destroyers . On 13 August , the Russian ships restocked their coal supplies from three British steamers , but Hansa and Frst Bismarck cleared for action to prevent them from leaving the port . The two cruisers were joined by Hertha , Geier , and the gunboats Luchs and Tiger . Hansa returned to Germany in 1906 . The following year , she went to dry dock at the Imperial Dockyard in Danzig for a refit , during which she was re boilered . Hertha originally had three stacks , and during the modernization they were trunked into two funnels . The refit was finished by 1909 , at which point Hansa became a cadet training ship . From 1911 to 1912 , Gnther Ltjens served aboard Hansa as commander of the naval cadets that trained on the ship . Ltjens went on to command the task force composed of Bismarck and Prinz Eugen in World War II . In early January , Hansa cruised into the Atlantic and visited Bermuda . Hansa had a short career during World War I. At the outbreak of hostilities , she was briefly mobilized into the 5th Scouting Group , which was tasked with training cadets in the Baltic Sea . By the end of 1914 , however , the ships were again removed from service . She was then put into service as a coastal defense ship . After 1915 , she was withdrawn from front line duty again and employed as a barracks ship for the Imperial Dockyard in Kiel . She was stricken from the naval register on 6 December 1919 and sold to ship breakers in Audorf Rendsburg . She was scrapped the following year .
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3,141 | Route 90 is a 3 . 22 mile ( 5 . 18 km ) state highway in New Jersey in the United States ( U.S. ) . The western terminus is at the Betsy Ross Bridge over the Delaware River in Pennsauken Township , Camden County , where the road continues into Philadelphia , Pennsylvania as an unnumbered road that provides access to Interstate 95 . The eastern terminus is an interchange with Route 73 in Cinnaminson Township , Burlington County . It is a four to six lane freeway its entire length , interchanging with U.S. Route 130 and Camden County Route 644 . Route 90 was first proposed in 1964 a year after plans were made to build the Betsy Ross Bridge and was legislated in 1965 to run from the bridge to Route 73 . The portion of the route between the Betsy Ross Bridge and U.S. Route 130 was opened in 1976 while the portion from U.S. Route 130 to Route 73 opened in 1988 . When first proposed , Route 90 was planned to extend farther south to Route 73 in Mount Laurel , intersecting Interstate 295 and the New Jersey Turnpike . There were other proposals that would have taken the freeway farther south to a planned Route 38 freeway , a planned U.S. Route 30 freeway in Berlin , and possibly the Atlantic City Expressway . However , financial and environmental obstacles prevented any southern extension of Route 90 . Across the Delaware River in Philadelphia , a freeway which was to be called the Pulaski Expressway and be designated Pennsylvania Route 90 was to have run from Interstate 95 northwest to U.S. Route 1 . This freeway was not built either due to opposition from residents and financial limitations . Route description Route 90 begins at the Pennsylvania New Jersey border on the Betsy Ross Bridge over the Delaware River , where the road continues into Philadelphia as an unnumbered freeway that heads to an interchange with Interstate 95 . Signs for the interchange along Interstate 95 refer to New Jersey Route 90 . From the Betsy Ross Bridge , Route 90 heads to the southeast into Pennsauken Township , Camden County as a six lane , 45 mph ( 72 km h ) freeway maintained by the Delaware River Port Authority , passing over residential areas as well as County Route 543 ( River Road ) and then featuring a toll plaza in the westbound direction . Route 90 passes over County Route 615 ( Union Avenue ) before coming to an interchange with U.S. Route 130 , where maintenance is transferred to the New Jersey Department of Transportation . From here , the speed limit is increased to 50 mph ( 80 km h ) . Shortly past the U.S. Route 130 interchange , the freeway narrows to four lanes before coming to a partial interchange with County Route 644 ( Haddonfield Road ) , where there is a westbound on ramp and an eastbound off ramp . The route crosses into Cinnaminson Township , Burlington County and passes over the Pennsauken Creek . A short distance later , the Route 90 freeway merges into Route 73 . History Plans for the Route 90 freeway were first made in 1964 , a year after the Betsy Ross Bridge over the Delaware River was proposed . In 1965 , Route 90 was legislated to run from the proposed bridge in Pennsauken east to Route 73 . In 1969 , construction began on the Betsy Ross Bridge and its approach roads . A 1970 proposal to include the planned Route 90 freeway as a part of the Interstate Highway System was denied . The Betsy Ross Bridge itself was finished in 1974 , but did not open to traffic until April 30 , 1976 due to controversies concerning the approach roads . At this time , Route 90 was completed between the Betsy Ross Bridge and U.S. Route 130 . In March 1986 , construction began on Route 90 between U.S. Route 130 and Route 73 in Cinnaminson . This section of the route , which cost 23 million ( 40 million today ) , was opened on October 25 , 1988 . Originally , the Route 90 was intended to be a much longer freeway than it is today . When first proposed , it was to extend to Interstate 295 , the New Jersey Turnpike and Route 73 in Mount Laurel . There were two proposed routes of this freeway . The first proposal would have run south of Route 73 through built up areas of Cherry Hill , Maple Shade , and Mount Laurel , along the South Branch of the Pennsauken Creek . Due to the route of this proposal , it was dropped in favor of a more northerly route that ran to the north of Route 73 through less developed unk freeway would have cost 42 million ( 180 million today ) and was to be completed in 1975 . There were plans to extend the freeway further south than Route 73 in Mount Laurel . In 1966 , a proposal was made for Route 90 to run south to a proposed Route 38 freeway that was to run from Camden to Monmouth County . Another proposal in 1969 called for a 14 million ( 90 million today ) extension of Route 90 south to a proposed U.S. Route 30 freeway in Berlin and possibly the Atlantic City Expressway . Due to financial limitations and feared environmental impacts , the southern extension of Route 90 to Mount Laurel was canceled by 1980 . Across the Delaware River in Pennsylvania , there were plans of extending the freeway northwest from the Interstate 95 interchange . This limited access highway , which was to be called the Pulaski Expressway and be designated Pennsylvania Route 90 , was to parallel the Frankford Creek and Tacony Creek and connect with U.S. Route 1 , which also was to be a limited access freeway . This proposed freeway , which was to cost from 125 to 150 million ( 300 to 400 million today ) and be completed in 1981 , was canceled by 1980 due to community opposition and financial troubles . Vestiges of this extension can be seen from Interstate 95 in the form of stub ramps and the mainline coming to an abrupt end as a barricaded bridge . Exit list All exits are unnumbered .
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3,142 | In Marge We Trust is the twenty second episode of The Simpsons ' eighth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 27 , 1997 . It was written by Donick Cary and directed by Steven Dean Moore . The episode guest stars Sab Shimono as Mr. Sparkle , Gedde Watanabe as the factory worker , Denice Kumagai and Karen Maruyama as dancers , and Frank Welker as the baboons . In the episode , Marge replaces Reverend Lovejoy as the town 's moral adviser while Homer explores the mystery of why his face appears on a Japanese language detergent box . Plot Reverend Lovejoy 's sermon on constancy almost sends the entire congregation to sleep . After church Homer takes Bart and Lisa to the Springfield dump to dispose of their old Christmas tree , where they find a box of Japanese dishwasher detergent known as Mr. Sparkle . The face of the character on the box of the detergent strongly resembles Homer . Meanwhile , Marge becomes concerned with Lovejoy 's lack of enthusiasm about helping people . He explains to Marge that he was enthusiastic about the ministry and helping his fellow man when he first arrived in Springfield . However , his passion for helping people gradually degraded as he dealt with Ned Flanders and his constant complaints over trivial and common issues . Marge begins working for the Church as The Listen Lady , listening to people 's problems and helping solve them . Reverend Lovejoy soon realizes his inadequacy and begins to feel depressed . While he is alone in the church the stained glass images of saints appear and chastise him for doing little to inspire his congregation . Homer , disturbed by the box of Mr. Sparkle , contacts the manufacturer in Hokkaid , Japan for information . He is sent a promotional video for Mr. Sparkle , which consists of a TV commercial . At the end of the video , the mascot is shown to be a result of a joint venture between two large Japanese conglomerates , Matsumura unk and unk Heavy Manufacturing Concern . Their mascots , a smiling anime fish and light bulb , merge to form Mr. Sparkle . Thus , Homer discovers the similarity was a mere coincidence . Ned Flanders calls Marge for help . Jimbo , Dolph , and Kearney are hanging around outside the Leftorium , making Ned worried that they will start causing trouble . Marge suggests that he shoo them away . The trio are about to leave , but when he goes and asks them to , they decide to harass him instead . Ned calls Marge again , whilst he is standing on a chair with the three boys circling him on their unk , so she suggests that he lay down the law , and when one of the boys snips the phone cord , Marge assumes that Ned has hung up and that everything is fine . The next morning , Maude informs Marge that Ned is missing , having been chased around by the boys throughout the night . Marge realizes that she may be partially responsible for his disappearance . Marge goes to Reverend Lovejoy for help , and the two of them track Ned to the zoo , where Japanese tourists think Homer is Mr. Sparkle . Jimbo , Dolph , and Kearney have abandoned their pursuit , but now Ned is trapped in the baboon exhibit . While the Simpson family looks on , Reverend Lovejoy rescues Ned in the baboons ' food cart . Now that he feels useful again , Reverend Lovejoy rediscovers his passion for his job , regaling his congregation with the tale of Ned 's rescue . Production By season 8 , the show had begun to explore episodes revolving around secondary characters . Reverend Lovejoy was selected for this episode because , aside from being noted as the priest who didn 't care , he had not had much character development . This was the first episode that Donick Cary wrote for The Simpsons . He was disappointed that his first story was about Marge 's crisis with faith . The trip to the dump was inspired by Donick Cary 's youth , in which he would often go dump picking . This led to the writers deciding to have Homer 's face on a discarded box , which became the Mr. Sparkle subplot . To help create the advertisement , the writers watched videos of many Japanese commercials . An original scene from Lovejoy 's flashback showed that Jasper Beardley preceded him as minister of the First Church of Springfield . The solution for how Mr. Sparkle resembles Homer was written by George Meyer , after hours of time had been spent trying to come up with a realistic ending . Matsumura unk was named after Ichiro Matsumura , a friend of David X. Cohen . Reception In its original broadcast , In Marge We Trust finished 25th in ratings for the week of April 21 27 , 1997 , with a Nielsen rating of 10 . 1 , equivalent to approximately 9 . 8 million viewing households . It was the third highest rated show on the Fox network that week , following The X Files and King of the Hill . The authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide , Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood , said A rare case of both storylines being worthy of full episodes in their own right , this is a cracking episode which highlights the unduly neglected Rev. Lovejoy and makes you realize Homer isn 't the only one ready to kill Ned Flanders Great stuff . In a 2000 Entertainment Weekly article , Matt Groening ranked it as his fifth favorite in the history of the show . Josh Weinstein described it as one of the best of the season , as well as being one of the most underrated episodes of all time . He also described the Mr. Sparkle commercial as his all time favorite sequence . The fake Fruity unk Bar commercial from the film Serenity was partially inspired by the Mr. Sparkle advertisement . Since 2009 , the show 's new opening sequence includes Mr. Sparkle detergent with Marge 's supermarket purchases .
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3,143 | Squab pie is a traditional dish from South West England , with early records showing it was associated with Cornwall , Devon and Gloucestershire . Although the name suggests it contains squab ( young domestic pigeon ) , in fact it contains mutton and apples . The pie was eaten around the world in the 1900s , though outside South West England it generally did contain pigeon . It is no longer a popular dish , with less than 3 of British teenagers surveyed having eaten it . Origins Although it is not known exactly where squab pie was first made , it is clear that it was somewhere in South West England . There are references to it originating in Gloucestershire , Devon and Cornwall . Although it appears that squab pie did originally contain pigeons , mutton and apples have been used as a substitute since at least 1737 using a recipe that has remained in cookbooks for years afterwards . This unk has meant that the pie is considered to be a surprise . Squab is described as tender with a mild berry flavour , and so it is possible that the combination of mutton and apples created a similar flavour . There is also a theory that the name squab pie is short for squabble pie , as it stems from a disagreement over whether to have a meat or apple pie . There are many variations to the squab pie in England , although it traditionally includes mutton , it has come to mean a pie with many ingredients or a scraps pie . Squab pie in Devon can be served with clotted cream . Alternatively , in America , it is cooked with squab , and is synonymous with pigeon pie . Recipe Squab pie is a mutton pie with a shortcrust pastry lid . It should be made with at least one layer of onions , followed by alternating layers of sliced apples and mutton chops . The mixture should be covered with water , though less than in some pies , covered with pastry and baked in the oven for about two hours . Variations Within the UK , the most common variation is to use lamb instead of mutton . Gloucester Squab pie did not require lamb and suggests any leftover meat could be used . Other ingredients can be included , for example Agatha Christie produced a variant which included hard boiled eggs and another recipe took the concept of serving with clotted cream and adds cream to thicken . Outside of England , the concept of squab pie does exist , but in a more literal form actually containing squab . Known as unk All unk , one Italian chef explains that he is aware that the recipe does not match the traditional English version , but he does not care a fig . In America , squab pie still uses squab . It was included in a Cooking for profit book in San Francisco , to make a pie using 18 squabs in a gravy . Reaction In 2009 , less than 3 of British teenagers had tried the dish and it has been listed amongst the at risk British Classics . A prominent critic of squab pie was Charles Dickens ' journal All the Year Round Of all the west country pies , squab pie is , in our humble estimation , the most incongruous and the most detestable . The odious composition is made of fat clumsy mutton chops , embedded in layers of sliced apples , shredded onions , and O unk O mores brown sugar The result is nausea , unsociability , and , in course of time , hatred of the whole human race . The greasy sugary , unk taste is associated , in our mind , with the detested name of Bideford . Using its many ingredients definition , squab pie was used by unk as an analogy for New York City . This is a positive comparison , explaining that New York does not smell bad ... nor look uninviting and that it is a wonder and a success . Poetry Squab pie has been the subject of poetry . In The Squab Pie . A Devonshire Tale published in 1827 , John Taylor uses verse to tell of the captain of a ship in Plymouth who forgot to get meat for his trip . A boy on the ship goes into town to claim a large squab pie from the bakery for a penny , though it was not meant to be his . Set on a Sunday , the family who had commissioned the pie from the baker so that they would not have to cook , try to find it , but to no avail . Taylor explains the moral is that if you believe it is a sin to cook on a Sunday , you should not be still having a big meal by getting a baker to cook for you . The ingredients are given in verse by a Cornishman from Bodmin , during William Sandys ' 1846 tour around Cornwall . Sandys also includes a story of Christmas time in Cornwall which includes the pie served with mashed potatoes and pilchards . In Verses Occasioned by Ben Tyrrell 's Mutton Pies , published in 1772 , Thomas Warton also confirmed that the squab pie was mutton based and came from Cornwall . The Devon author , William Crossing , writing in 1911 , discusses a short folk rhyme about squab pie Mutton , onions , apples and dough , Make a good pie as any I know . He does not say , however , from where he heard it . In the song Glorious Devon written by Sir Edward German in 1905 , several Devonshire dishes receive praise Squab pie , junket and cider brew , Richest cream of the cow , What ' ud Old England without ' em do The Devil in Cornwall Another legend surrounding squab pie , along with the other unusual pies of Cornwall , is that they were the reason that the Devil never came to Cornwall . In his book Popular Romances of the West of England or , The drolls , traditions , and superstitions of old Cornwall , a collection of Cornish traditions , Robert Hunt explains that the Devil crossed the River Tamar to Torpoint . The chapter , entitled The Devil 's unk , etc . , reasons that the Devil discovered the Cornish would put anything in a pie and decided to leave before they took a fancy to a unk pie , returning to Devon .
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3,144 | Fall Down is a song by American recording artist will.i.am featuring Miley Cyrus from his fourth studio album willpower ( 2013 ) . It was released on April 16 , 2013 by Interscope Records as a promotional single from the record it was later serviced to Australian radio stations later that year as the third single from the project . The song was written and produced by will.i.am , Dr. Luke , Benny Blanco , and Cirkut . Fall Down is an electropop and hip hop song it strays from the electronic dance elements displayed in will.i.am 's earlier singles Scream Shout and thatPower , and instead leans towards an urban contemporary style . Fall Down received generally negative reviews from music critics , who were disappointed with its overall production and drew comparisons to the work of American recording artist Kesha . It peaked at number 58 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 , and charted in the lower ends of several record charts worldwide . However , the song reached numbers 14 and 15 on the Australian ARIA Charts and the Official New Zealand Music Chart , respectively , being certified gold in both countries . In the United States , the track was promoted with live performances on Jimmy Kimmel Live and Good Morning America . Background and composition Fall Down marks the first of three collaborations between will.i.am and Cyrus in 2013 . In October , he was credited as a songwriter and producer on the track Do My Thang from her fourth studio album Bangerz , while Cyrus was featured on his track Feelin ' Myself from the reissue of his fourth studio album willpower in unk will.i.am first became interested in collaborating with Cyrus after hearing an earlier version of her single Wrecking Ball , and came in contact with her through producer Mike Will Made It . Fall Down was first released on April 16 , 2013 , preceding the release of willpower in the United States . It served as the follow up to will.i.am 's earlier singles Scream Shout with Britney Spears and thatPower with Justin Bieber , and served as a promotional single from the unk will.i.am and Cyrus promoted the song with live performances on Jimmy Kimmel Live and Good Morning America in June . It was released to Australian radio stations in July 2013 as the third single from the record an Italian release followed on September 6 . In contrast from the electronic dance music elements presented in Scream Shout and thatPower , Fall Down leans towards an urban contemporary musical style . The chorus incorporates electropop elements , while the verses tend towards a hip hop format , while the track itself culminates with an orchestral unk will.i.am mentioned the bridge as his favorite piece of willpower , and described the overall song as if Quincy Jones just sneezed on it . Lyrically , the track describes the positive impact a couple has on each other , as seen in the lines Girl , you 're like an elevator cause you always pick me up Girl , you 're like a doctor when I 'm sick you always stitch me up . Critical reception Fall Down received generally negative reviews from music critics , who were disappointed with its overall production . Writing for AllMusic , Fred Thomas was displeased that featuring big gun Cyrus still resulted in a manufactured disposable pop moment , and further elaborated that the song felt like one of willpower 's interminable 15 tracks that were written in the studio moments before they were recorded . Sam Lansky from Idolator shared a similar sentiment , opining that Cyrus felt mostly phoned in by comparison with the emotional punch Cyrus delivered on her collaboration with American rapper Snoop Lion , unk and Heartbreaks . Andy Peterson of Contactmusic.com criticized the production of the track , stating that listeners are treated to the sort of identikit trance plus autotune sound that 's been annexing American teen culture in the last couple of years . Writing for entertainment.ie , Karen Lawler criticized lyrics like you could be my Coca Cola , let me sip it up for acting as a substitute for the articulate rhymes on which will.i.am built his reputation , Brent Faulkner from PopMatters agreed that the lyrical content was sub par , and called the song itself utterly ridiculous . Mesfin Fekadu from The Huffington Post called Cyrus ' contributions to the song forgettable . Gregory Hicks of The Michigan Daily compared Fall Down to Die Young and Crazy Kids by American recording artist Kesha , all three of which were produced by Dr. Luke , which Hicks felt indicated that Dr. Luke s production and writing continues to dwindle as he copy and pastes his work with Ke ha onto this will.i.am track . Commercial performance In the United States , Fall Down peaked at number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also charted at number four on the Dance Electronic Songs component chart . The track reached number 15 on the Canadian Hot 100 , which is also organized by Billboard . In Europe , the track experienced varying commercial success . Fall Down peaked at number 17 on the Irish Singles Chart , and charted at number 37 on the Swedish Sverigetopplistan . It reached number 45 on the 3 Austria Top 40 and number 48 on the French SNEP . The track respectively peaked at numbers 50 and 52 on the Wallonia Ultratop and the Flanders Ultratip in Belgian , and respectively reached numbers five and 30 on the Dance charts in each region . It also charted at number 59 on the Swiss Hitparade . In Oceania , Fall Down respectively peaked at numbers 14 and 15 on the Australian ARIA Charts and the Official New Zealand Music Chart it was certified platinum in Australia , and gold in New Zealand . Charts and certifications Release history
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3,145 | Selma 's Choice is the thirteenth episode of The Simpsons ' fourth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 21 , 1993 . In the episode , Selma decides to have a baby , inspired by her late aunt 's wish that she would not spend her life alone . She experiences what life with children is like by taking Bart and Lisa to the Duff Gardens amusement park , which does not go as planned . It was written by David M. Stern and directed by Carlos Baeza . Plot After watching an advertisement on television for Duff Gardens , Homer , Bart and Lisa decide to go . As they prepare to leave , Marge tells them that spinster Great Aunt Gladys died and they will be going to her funeral instead . The Simpsons , along with Patty and Selma , drive to unk Falls to attend her funeral and the reading of her will . On the video will , Great Aunt Gladys tells Patty and Selma not to die alone , as she did . Selma hears the ticking of her biological clock , and decides she wants a child . Selma tries video dating , but gets rejected by Groundskeeper Willie . She goes to a psychic who tries to sell her a love potion . The psychic ingests it , blurts out the innocuous ingredients and discovers that she accidentally drank a truth serum . Selma dates Hans Moleman after revoking his license at the DMV . All goes well until Hans tries to kiss her goodnight Selma envisions herself as the mother of several ugly , blind children and kicks Hans out of the car to prevent that future from happening . Lisa then suggests to Selma that she go through artificial insemination . When the day comes for Homer to take Bart and Lisa to Duff Gardens , he falls ill from food poisoning after eating a hoagie that became spoiled days after he took it home from a company picnic . In an attempt to give Selma a taste of motherhood , Marge nominates her to take the kids to Duff Gardens while she stays home to look after Homer . When the trio arrives at Duff Gardens , Bart and Lisa wear Selma out , especially when they go on the Little Land of Duff ride and Bart dares Lisa to drink the toxic water . Lisa is confused , but Bart mocks her until Selma intervenes , shouting at Bart to shut up and ordering Lisa to drink the water . When Lisa takes a sip , she hallucinates , grows violent and paranoid , and wanders away from the ride , tripping out to the parade music . While Selma is looking for Lisa , Bart gets on a roller coaster called The Barrel Roll and ends up having to be rescued after the car stops in the center of one of the inversions . Lisa is soon found swimming nude in the unk , returned to Selma and given pills by an unlicensed doctor . After Bart and Lisa return home , Selma decides she can live without children for now and adopts Jub Jub , Gladys ' pet iguana . Production Writer David Stern said he wanted to go back to a Patty and Selma episode , because it was sustained so well when he wrote Principal Charming . He thought it was important to keep these characters ( Patty and Selma ) alive . The animators had trouble with the size of the characters ' pupils during the season . In this episode , they are noticeably larger . When the family watches the video will , Julie Kavner did five voices in the scene . When Gladys shows off her collection of potato chips , the scene was inspired by an actual guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , who was showing off her collection of chips that looked like famous people . Jub Jub made his debut appearance in this episode the name of the iguana Jub Jub came from Conan O 'Brien . Though research is usually done when real languages are used on the show , the language heard on Selma 's ham radio is fictional . Cultural references Marge 's flashback of her and her sisters swimming in a lake is based on The Prince of Tides . The singers at Duff Gardens , Hooray for Everything , are a tribute to Up with People . The group is seen performing a kid friendly version of the Lou Reed song Walk on the Wild Side . Homer and Bart start to sing Ding Dong The Witch is dead from The Wizard of Oz . The poem that Great Aunt Gladys reads at the start of her video will is The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost . The song and ride that Bart , Lisa , and Selma go on , with animatronic kids from all over the world singing is a parody of the song It 's a Small World . The Duff Gardens parade is a parody of Disneyland 's Main Street Electrical Parade . Lisa 's hallucination where she sees Selma after drinking the water on the ride is based on the work of artist Ralph Steadman , particularly in the novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas . When Lisa says I am the Lizard Queen , it is a tribute to Jim Morrison 's poem Celebration of the Lizard . After acquiring Jub Jub , Selma sings ( You Make Me Feel Like ) A Natural Woman , a reference to the season four finale of the sitcom Murphy Brown , in which reporter Murphy Brown sings the song after giving birth to her baby . Reception Selma 's Choice finished 27th in the weekly ratings for the week of January 18 24 , 1993 with a Nielsen rating of 14 . 2 . The authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide , Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood said , A nice episode for Selma and good for Marge and Homer as well . But it 's the kids who provide the highlights in this one , with their antics at Duff Gardens . The author of Planet Simpson How a Cartoon Masterpiece Documented an Era and Defined a Generation , Chris Turner said it unk in with the usual grab bag of great gags and The episode had some crowd pleasing moments . He went on to say , The last few minutes of the show played out to continuous laughter ( in the pub he was watching it in ) .
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3,146 | Antonn Kinsk ( born 31 May 1975 ) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He played club football in the Czech Republic for nine seasons , winning the national league in 2002 with FC Slovan Liberec . He subsequently moved to Russia , where he played for Saturn Ramenskoye . During his seven years in Russia , he played 200 competitive games and was recognised as the Russian Premier League 's best goalkeeper in the 2007 season . Kinsk played for his country on five occasions . He was part of the Czech Republic squad at UEFA Euro 2004 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup , although he played at neither tournament . Club career Early career Kinsk played for a number of clubs in his early career , including Dukla Prague , after which he moved to Bohemians 1905 . He later spent time on loan at unk Prague and unk unk . Kinsk won promotion with FC Dukla to the Gambrinus Liga , where he played for one season . Liberec Kinsk joined FC Slovan Liberec in 1998 , reaching the final of the 1998 99 Czech Cup in his first season . In the summer of 1999 Kinsk broke his thumb , resultantly not playing for the autumn half of the 1999 2000 season and subsequently sharing goalkeeping duties with unk unk in the spring . Liberec finished the season by winning the 1999 2000 Czech Cup . In July 2000 , Kinsk was diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis , receiving treatment at the unk military hospital in Prague and resultantly being unable to play in the autumn part of the 2000 01 season . The following season , he recorded consecutive clean sheets at the beginning of the campaign . Liberec went on to reach the quarter finals of the 2001 02 UEFA Cup and won the 2001 02 Gambrinus liga . During a UEFA Cup match in the Georgian capital of Tbilisi in October 2002 , Kinsk was targeted by bottles thrown onto the pitch from the crowd as the home team was defeated 1 0 in the match and 4 2 on aggregate . Three policemen were injured in the incident . He played in goal in a 4 0 league defeat against Viktoria ikov in October 2002 , a game he described as probably the worst match in my life . November 2002 was more successful for Kinsk as he saved two penalties in a UEFA Cup penalty shootout , after the second round tie against Ipswich Town had ended level after extra time . Resultantly Liberec qualified for the third round of the competition , although Kinsk missed both matches against Panathinaikos due to injury . Kinsk 's contract at Liberec was due to expire in the summer of 2004 and he failed to agree a contract extension with the club during the 2003 04 season . He left having made a total of 137 appearances in the top division of Czech football . Russia Kinsk joined Russian side Saturn Ramenskoye in January 2004 , initially signing a three year contract . Kinsk joined the team on 6 January in Turkey at their training camp ahead of the 2004 Russian Premier League . He started the first six matches of the 2004 season as a substitute , before becoming the club 's first choice goalkeeper . In 2005 he was vice captain for the team , captaining the side in the absence of captain Viktor unk . Following the 2006 World Cup , Kinsk signed a contract extension to stay at the club for another three years . He was named the best goalkeeper of the Russian Football Premier League in 2007 . He kept his 100th top division clean sheet in a match against Tomsk in September 2008 , becoming the 17th Czech goalkeeper to reach this figure . In October 2008 , Kinsk was offered the chance to move to Chelsea to be the backup goalkeeper for Petr ech , an offer which he rejected . In November 2010 Kinsk played his 200th competitive match for the club . Before the last game of the 2010 season , he was presented with a football shirt with the number 201 on it , intended to represent the number of games he had played for the club . However , due to injury Kinsk was unable to take part in the match , so 200 was his actual number of competitive appearances . He left Saturn upon the expiry of his contract in December 2010 . Post playing career Kinsk became a goalkeeping coach for the youth team of FC Tempo Prague after finishing his playing career , stating his desire to work as a goalkeeping coach in professional football in the future , but not as a head coach . International career Kinsk played for the under 17 team of Czechoslovakia in 1992 , making two appearances . He went on to make three appearances for the Czech Republic national under 21 football team in 1997 . Kinsk was called up to the Czech Republic national team by coach Karel Brckner before their participation in two friendly matches in Cyprus in February 2002 . He was one of three uncapped goalkeepers named in the squad , the others being Petr ech and Martin unk . He made his debut in Cyprus on 13 February , playing the second half of the game against the host country in a 4 3 win . Kinsk was named in the Czech Republic squad for two major tournaments , UEFA Euro 2004 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup , but didn 't play in either competition . He played in a total of five matches for his national team between 2002 and 2004 . He also made one appearance for the A2 team of his country in 2006 , playing the second half of a match against Turkey B on 1 March . Personal life Kinsk studied Russian at school . He and his wife , Martina , have two children , Tonda and Andrea , who both take part in sports . His son played youth football for FC Tempo Prague in 2012 . Career statistics Club Source International Source Honours Club Slovan Liberec Gambrinus Liga 2001 02 Czech Cup 1999 2000 Country Czech Republic UEFA European Championship semi finalist 2004
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3,147 | The Saverne Tunnel ( French Tunnel de Saverne ) , also known as the Ernolsheim ls Saverne Tunnel ( French Tunnel d unk ls Saverne ) , is a twin bore , high speed rail tunnel in western Bas Rhin , France . It carries the LGV Est line of France 's TGV high speed rail network through the narrowest part of the Vosges mountain range , beneath Mont Saint Michel and adjacent to the Saverne Pass . The tunnel consists of two bores , containing one railroad track each , that are connected by passageways every 500 metres ( 1 , 600 ft ) . The LGV Est crosses the 270 m ( 890 ft ) Haspelbaechel viaduct near the western end of the tunnel . The tunnel was excavated by a tunnel boring machine between November 2011 and February 2013 . Civil engineering work on the tunnel ended in April 2014 and it will open with the rest of the second phase of the LGV Est in July 2016 . The total cost of the tunnel was approximately 200 million . Background The Saverne Tunnel was constructed as part of the second phase of the LGV Est unk ( often shortened to LGV Est ) . When completed , the line will connect Paris and Strasbourg the principal city of the Alsace region and home to several European institutions , including the Council of Europe . The first phase across 300 kilometres ( 190 mi ) of relatively flat land from unk sur Marne ( near Paris ) to Baudrecourt ( near Metz and Nancy ) opened in 2007 . The second phase traverses 106 km ( 66 mi ) of rougher terrain from Baudrecourt to Vendenheim ( near Strasbourg ) . When opened , the line will reduce travel time between Paris and Strasbourg from unk to unk and reduce travel time from Luxembourg City to Strasbourg from unk to unk . The Saverne Tunnel crosses the northern Vosges at its narrowest point and is adjacent to the Saverne Pass , which already contains the A4 autoroute , Departmental Route 219 , and remnants of an ancient Roman road . The line was originally built for Rseau Ferr de France ( RFF ) , which owned and operated the infrastructure of the French national railway network . In a government restructuring of the French railroad network , RFF was merged into SNCF on 1 January 2015 and is now a subdivision of SNCF known as SNCF Rseau . Construction The tunnel was part of the Lot 47 segment of the LGV Est for the contracting and construction . Lot 47 consisted of the Saverne Tunnel , the adjacent Haspelbaechel viaduct , and an additional 3 . 3 kilometres ( 2 . 1 mi ) of the LGV line through the communes of unk et Quatre Vents in Moselle and unk , Saint Jean Saverne , and Ernolsheim ls Saverne in Bas Rhin . In September 2010 , RFF awarded a 184 . 3 million design build contract for Lot 47 to a consortium of 13 companies , led by Dodin Campenon Bernard . The Saverne Tunnel was built by unk Batignolles and Dodin Campenon Bernard , at a cost of approximately 200 million . The two bores of the Saverne Tunnel were excavated with a 110 m ( 360 ft ) , 2 , 200 tonne ( 2 , 400 ton ) tunnel boring machine ( TBM ) , manufactured by unk . The TBM was used to excavate 3 , 820 m ( 12 , 530 ft ) of the 4 , 200 m ( 13 , 800 ft ) tunnel , the remainder consisting of false tunnel constructed at both ends . The TBM was christened Charlotte in honor of a girl from a nearby village in a ceremony on 25 October 2011 . It began excavation of the first bore on 10 November 2011 from the eastern side of Mont Saint Michel and completed the first bore over a month ahead of schedule on 19 June 2012 . For the first bore , 1932 rings were installed , using 15 , 456 precast concrete lining segments ( 8 per ring ) . The TBM excavated 307 , 000 cubic metres ( 10 , 800 , 000 cu ft ) of earth at an average speed of 20 m ( 66 ft ) per day . Excavation of the second bore began on 26 September 2012 and finished on 25 February 2013 . The 730 , 000 m3 ( 26 , 000 , 000 cu ft ) of earth excavated during tunneling was used to construct embankments in nearby sections of the LGV Est line . In total , 30 , 960 precast concrete lining segments were used . unk of the final interconnecting passage was completed on 24 June 2013 , marking the end of construction of the tunnel walls . On 14 April 2014 , civil engineering work on the tunnel was completed , but railroad signaling and equipment still needed to be installed . Service on the LGV Est line was originally scheduled to begin on 3 April 2016 however , a fatal accident that occurred elsewhere on the new line in November 2015 during commissioning tests has delayed the scheduled opening of the line until 3 July 2016 . Characteristics The tunnel lies beneath Mont Saint Michel , beside the Col de Saverne , and within the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park , a Natura 2000 site . It is located close to the border with the department of Moselle and within three communes of the department of Bas Rhin unk , Saint Jean Saverne , Ernolsheim ls Saverne . The tunnel is part of the LGV Est high speed rail line , which will connect Paris with Strasbourg . The line is also a part of the Main line for Europe trans European high speed rail line from Paris to Bratislava , Slovakia . The tunnel is 4 , 200 m ( 13 , 800 ft ) in length and consists of two bores , each carrying one rail line flanked by a maintenance walkway and an emergency evacuation walkway . The two bores are connected every 500 m ( 1 , 600 ft ) by an interconnecting passage . The tunnel has been built for a maximum speed of 350 kilometres per hour ( 220 mph ) 320 km h ( 200 mph ) in commercial operation . It will be remotely monitored from the SNCF Rseau command center at unk sur Moselle . Adjacent to the western portal , the LGV Est traverses the 270 m ( 890 ft ) Haspelbaechel viaduct , which travels up to 35 m ( 115 ft ) above the Haspelbaechel valley .
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3,148 | The 96th Boat Race took place on 1 April 1950 . Held annually , the Boat Race is a side by side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames . The Cambridge crew contained three Olympic silver medallists from the 1948 Summer Olympics six of their crew rowed for Lady Margaret Boat Club . In a race umpired by the Olympic medallist and former unk rower Kenneth Payne , Cambridge won by three and a half lengths in a time of 20 minutes 15 seconds , taking the overall record in the event to 52 43 in their favour . Background The Boat Race is a side by side rowing competition between the University of Oxford ( sometimes referred to as the Dark Blues ) and the University of Cambridge ( sometimes referred to as the Light Blues ) . First held in 1829 , the race takes place on the 4 . 2 mile ( 6 . 8 km ) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London . The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and , as of 2014 , broadcast worldwide . Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions , having won the 1949 race by a quarter of a length , with Cambridge leading overall with 51 victories to Oxford 's 43 ( excluding the dead heat of 1877 ) . Cambridge were coached by R. Beesly ( who had rowed for the Light Blues in the 1927 , 1928 and 1929 races ) , Roy Meldrum ( a coach for Lady Margaret Boat Club ) , Mike Nicholson ( non rowing boat club president for the 1947 race ) , Harold Rickett ( who rowed three times between 1930 and 1932 ) and R. H. H. Symonds ( who had rowed in the 1931 race ) . Oxford 's coaches were T. A. Brocklebank ( who had rowed for Cambridge three times between 1929 and 1931 and who had also coached the Light Blues in the 1934 race ) , R. E. Eason ( a Dark Blue in the 1924 race ) , Hugh Jumbo Edwards ( who rowed for Oxford in 1926 and 1930 ) and J. A. MacNabb ( who rowed for Cambridge in the 1924 race ) . The race was umpired for the second time by the former British Olympian Kenneth Payne , who had rowed for Cambridge in the 1932 and 1934 races . The Light Blues were initially considered hot favourites and were described by the rowing correspondent of The Manchester Guardian as full of brilliant promise while Oxford were a collection of competent oarsmen who had to be moulded into a crew . The Observer 's G. I. F. Thomson suggested that it is anyone 's race . Crews The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 12 st 8 . 25 lb ( 79 . 8 kg ) , 4 . 75 pounds ( 2 . 2 kg ) per rower more than their opponents . Oxford saw three rowers return to the boat with experience of the event , including number five G. C. Fisk who was rowing in his third consecutive Boat Race . Cambridge 's crew contained five rowers who had taken part in the Boat Race previously , including Paul Bircher who was also making his third appearance in the race . Four of the participants in the race were registered as non British , two in each crew . Oxford 's Fisk and Calvert came from Australia , as did Cambridge 's Charles Lloyd , while Light Blue W. T. Arthur was South African . The Cambridge crew contained three rowers who had won silver medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics Paul Massey , Bircher and Lloyd were in the crew that came second in the men 's eight in London . Chris Davidge , the Oxford University Boat Club president , was forced to drop out of the race through illness . Five of the Oxford rowers were educated at Eton College six of the Cambridge rowers were studying at St John 's College and so rowed for Lady Margaret Boat Club . Race Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station , handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge . Umpire Payne started the race at 12 30 p.m. , with the Dark Blues making a slightly faster start after a minute they were about a canvas length ahead of their opponents . Although having the outside of the first bend , they had extended their lead to a quarter of a length by Craven Cottage . By the time the crews passed the Mile Post , Cambridge were leading by a quarter length which they extended to half a length by Harrods Furniture Depository . Cambridge 's stroke Crick increased his crew 's rate his opposite number Cavenagh responded to prevent the Light Blues going clear . While the conditions were not too rough , both crews slowed their stroke rate , with Cambridge passing below Hammersmith Bridge still half a length ahead . As they passed The Doves pub , Oxford slowly began to gain , rating marginally higher . Cavenagh pushed on again before Chiswick Eyot but could not prevent the Light Blues extending their lead to nearly a length by the time the crews passed Chiswick Steps . Despite further spurts from Oxford , Cambridge 's better stride saw them pass below Barnes Bridge two and a half lengths ahead . Cambridge passed the finishing post leading by three and a half lengths in a time of 20 minutes 15 seconds , their fourth consecutive win in the slowest time since the 1947 race . The victory took the overall record in the event to 52 43 in their favour . The rowing correspondent for The Times noted that Cambridge rowed far better than they have recently while Oxford surpassed what anyone could reasonably have expected from them . The Manchester Guardian 's rowing correspondent declared that Cambridge 's crew was generally acknowledged to be one of the best seen on the tideway , and that Oxford could not , short of shipwreck or piracy , win the race . Writing in The Observer , G. I. F. Thomson noted of Cambridge that all through practice they had shown more promising form and power , as well as unity while Oxford had made great strides ... and were never out of the running .
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3,149 | Hurricane Fausto was a strong Category 1 hurricane that had only minor effects on land during its life over the eastern Pacific basin . The seventh tropical depression , sixth named storm , and third hurricane of the 2008 Pacific hurricane season , Fausto formed out of a tropical wave on July 16 . The storm gradually strengthened as it moved towards the west northwest , becoming a minimal hurricane two days later . On July 19 , Fausto turned towards the northwest as it continued to strengthen . The next day , while passing between the Mexican islands of Clarion and Socorro , the hurricane reached its peak intensity with winds of 90 mph ( 150 km h ) and a minimum pressure of 977 mbar ( hPa 28 . 85 inHg ) . Fausto steadily weakened throughout the following two days as it moved over progressively cooler waters . By July 21 , the storm was downgraded to a tropical storm and a tropical depression the next day . Early on July 23 , the depression lacked deep convection and degenerated into a remnant low pressure area . The low persisted for another day before dissipating over open waters . Hurricane Fausto had little effect on land , despite passing close to the islands of Clarion and Socorro where high winds , reaching hurricane force on Socorro , were recorded . Moderate rainfall from the outer bands of the storm amounted to 1 . 9 in ( 50 mm ) in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . Meteorological history The origins of Hurricane Fausto were in a westward traveling tropical wave that moved off the eastern coast of Africa on July 4 . Little development occurred as the wave traversed the Atlantic basin . It entered the eastern Pacific basin on July 12 after crossing Central America and began to show signs of development the next day . The system westward movement became slightly erratic on July 14 as development slowed . The following day , the system became increasingly organized and a tropical depression , which was designated 07 E , formed about 550 mi ( 890 km ) southeast of Acapulco , Mexico . The depression maintained an area of deep convection around the center of circulation and was located within an area of moderate wind shear . An area of high pressure located over the southwestern United States was forecast to steer the system towards the northwest for most of its existence . A mid level ridge located to the north of the depression caused it to rapidly travel towards the west at 23 mph ( 37 km h ) for most of July 16 . Shortly after being designated as a depression , 17 E was upgraded to a tropical storm and given the name Fausto . Despite being partially exposed from convection , the system featured several banding features which supported a wind intensity of 40 mph ( 65 km h ) . As a large cyclone , Fausto slowly intensified , with convection consolidating around the center the next day . The combination of relaxing wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures allowed the storm to intensify . Later that day , the center of Fausto became exposed but a large band of deep convection surrounded the exposed low . Early on July 18 , a banding eye feature began to develop in the southern portion of the storm . Around this time , forward motion slowed as it began to turn towards the northeast . Later that day , a partial eyewall began to develop , indicating that Fausto had strengthened into a hurricane with winds reaching 75 mph ( 120 km h ) . Shortly after being declared a hurricane , the eye started to appear on visible satellite imagery . With low wind shear and warm waters , further intensification was anticipated . Very cold cloud tops with temperatures as low as 112 F ( 80 C ) surrounded the developing eye allowing the storm to intensify . Strengthening stopped for most of July 19 and the first half of July 20 . That day , Fausto strengthened slightly as a ragged eye formed while the storm passed between the islands of Clarion and Socorro . At this time , the hurricane reached its peak intensity with winds of 90 mph ( 150 km h ) and a minimum pressure of 977 mbar ( hPa 28 . 85 inHg ) . Operationally , Fausto was assessed to have reached its peak intensity several hours later as a minimal Category 2 hurricane with winds of 100 mph ( 155 km h ) as the eye became better defined . However , the storm was located over 75 F ( 24 C ) waters , causing it to gradually weaken along with diminishing convective activity . Later that day , Fausto was downgraded to a tropical storm and further weakened to a tropical depression the next day . With little or no remaining convection , the system degenerated into a remnant low pressure area as it traveled towards the west northwest . The remnants of Fausto dissipated on July 24 , while located about 1 , 065 mi ( 1 , 715 km ) west of Cabo San Lucas . Preparations and impact The National Hurricane Center did not forecast Fausto to affect any major land areas during its existence . As such , no tropical cyclone advisories were issued . The outer bands of Fausto produced moderate rainfall over portions of Sinaloa , Mexico , peaking at 1 . 9 in ( 50 mm ) . Several hours before the center of Fausto passed between Clarion Island and Socorro Island , sustained winds on Clarion were recorded at 64 mph ( 103 km h ) with gusts to 94 mph ( 151 km h ) . Nearby Socorro recorded sustained winds of 79 mph ( 129 km h ) with gusts to 109 mph ( 175 km h ) . Little or no damage was recorded on the islands . The hurricane force winds reported on Socorro was recorded as Fausto made its closest approach to the island about 115 mi ( 185 km ) to the southwest . However , due to the distance from the center of Fausto , these winds are suspected to be overestimated . Along the coastline of Mexico , waves up to 8 ft ( 2 . 4 m ) were recorded in relation to Fausto .
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3,150 | The Baslica Menor de San Sebastin , better known as San Sebastian Church , is a Roman Catholic minor basilica in Manila , Philippines and the seat of the Parish of San Sebastian . Completed in 1891 , San Sebastian Church is noted for its architectural unk an example of the revival of Gothic architecture in the Philippines , it is the only all steel temple in the Philippines , and is the only prefabricated steel church in the world . In 2006 , San Sebastian Church was included in the Tentative List for possible designation as a World Heritage Site . It was designated as a National Historical Landmark by the Philippine government in 1973 . San Sebastian Church is under the care of The Order of the Augustinian Recollects , who also operate a college adjacent to the basilica . It is located at Plaza del Carmen , at the eastern end of Recto Avenue , in Quiapo , Manila . History In 1621 , Bernardino Castillo , a generous patron and a devotee of the 3rd century Roman martyr Saint Sebastian , donated the land upon which the church stands . The original structure , made of wood , burned in 1651 during a Chinese uprising . Succeeding structures , which were built of brick , were destroyed by fire and earthquakes in 1859 , 1863 , and 1880 . In the 1880s , Esteban Martnez , the parish priest of the ruined church , approached the Spanish architect Genaro Palacios , with a plan to build a fire and earthquake resistant structure made entirely of steel . Palacios completed a design that fused Earthquake Baroque with the Neo Gothic style . His final design was said to have been inspired by the famed Gothic Burgos Cathedral in Burgos , Spain . Construction The prefabricated steel sections that would compose the church were manufactured in Binche , Belgium . According to the historian Ambeth Ocampo , the knockdown steel parts were ordered from the Societe unk des Enterprises de unk unk in Brussels . In all , 52 tonnes ( 51 long tons 57 short tons ) of prefabricated steel sections were transported in eight separate shipments from Belgium to the Philippines , the first shipment arriving in 1888 . Belgian engineers supervised the assembly of the church , the first column of which was erected on September 11 , 1890 . The walls were filled with mixed sand , gravel , and cement . The stained glass windows were imported from the Heinrich unk Company , a German stained glass firm , while local artisans assisted in applying the finishing touches . The church was raised to the status of a minor basilica by Pope Leo XIII on June 24 , 1890 . Upon its completion the following year , on August 16 , 1891 , the Baslica Menor de San Sebastin was consecrated by Bernardino unk y Villa OP , the 25th Archbishop of Manila . According to Jess Pastor Paloma , an unk Recollect priest , the structure was also supposed to have a prefabricated retablo ( reredos ) altar , which was lost at sea when the ship carrying it from Belgium capsized in a storm a wooden altar was made locally in its stead . Paloma also noted that the bottom part of the church was designed to resemble a ship 's hull , so that it would sway during an earthquake . Gustave Eiffel It has long been reputed that Gustave Eiffel , the French engineer behind the Eiffel Tower and the steel structure within the Statue of Liberty , was involved in the design and construction of San Sebastin , but this was never confirmed . Features San Sebastian Church has two openwork towers and steel vaulting . From its floor , the basilica 's nave rises 12 meters ( 39 ft ) to the dome , and 32 meters ( 105 ft ) to the tip of the twin spires . The faux finished interior of the church incorporates groined vaults in the Gothic architecture style permitting very ample illumination from lateral windows . The steel columns , walls and ceiling were painted by Lorenzo Rocha , unk unk and Flix Martnez to give the appearance of marble and jasper . Trompe l 'oeil paintings of saints and martyrs by Rocha were used to decorate the interiors of the church . True to the Gothic revival spirit of the church are its confessionals , pulpit , altars and five retablos designed by Lorenzo Guerrero and Rocha . The sculptor Eusebio Garcia carved the statues of holy men and women . Six holy water fonts were constructed for the church , each crafted from marble obtained from Romblon . Above the main altar is an image of Our Lady of Mount Carmel , given to the church by Carmelite sisters from Mexico City in 1617 . The image withstood all the earthquakes and fires which had destroyed previous incarnations of San Sebastian Church , but its ivory head was stolen in 1975 . Cultural and historical declarations San Sebastian Church was a declared National Historical Landmark by President Ferdinand Marcos through Presidential Decree No. 260 in 1973 . State funding was accorded to the church through the National Historical Institute which undertook restoration in 1982 . The Recollect community has likewise expended funds for the church 's maintenance and restoration . On May 16 , 2006 , San Sebastian Church was included in the Tentative List for possible designation as a World Heritage Site , on account of its architectural and historical heritage . The church was declared a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines on August 15 , 2011 and unveiling of the marker on January 20 , 2012 . Preservation In recent years , San Sebastian Church has encountered threats to its structural integrity . The steel structure has been beset by rust and corrosion due to sea breezes from nearby Manila Bay . In 1998 , it was placed on the biennial watchlist of the 100 Most Endangered Sites by the World Monuments Fund , though it was not retained in the subsequent watchlists .
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3,151 | Route 120 is a state highway located in Bergen County , New Jersey , United States . It extends 2 . 65 mi ( 4 . 26 km ) from an interchange with Route 3 in East Rutherford to another interchange with Route 17 in Carlstadt , where it continues to the west as County Route 120 . NJ 120 serves the Meadowlands Sports Complex , which consists of MetLife Stadium , Meadowlands Racetrack , and the Izod Center . It heads north from Route 3 as a six lane freeway through the sports complex to an interchange with the southern terminus of County Route 503 . From here , Route 120 heads northwest along the northern edge of the sports complex as a four lane divided at grade Paterson Plank Road , passing through industrial and commercial areas . In 1927 , Route 3 was legislated along the Paterson Plank Road portion of present day Route 120 . It was eventually designated along the entire portion of current Route 120 . In 1953 , Route 3 was moved to its current freeway alignment , replacing Route S3 , and a portion of Route 20 was designated to run from current Route 3 north to Paterson Plank Road while Paterson Plank Road was removed from the state highway system . The portion of Paterson Plank Road that lost its state highway status in 1953 gained it back in 1972 , when it became an extension of Route 20 as a result of the construction of the Meadowlands Sports Complex . As this route was not connected to the mainline of Route 20 , it was designated Route 120 by the 1990s . As a result of the construction of American Dream Meadowlands , the interchange between Route 3 and Route 120 was improved . An overpass between eastbound Route 3 and northbound Route 120 was completed in 2009 and a flyover from southbound Route 120 to eastbound Route 3 was completed in 2010 . Route description Route 120 begins at an interchange with Route 3 in East Rutherford , heading to the north on a six lane freeway with a 50 mph ( 80 km h ) speed limit . The freeway heads north northeast into the Meadowlands Sports Complex . Here , MetLife Stadium is on the west side of the road while the Izod Center and the construction site of American Dream Meadowlands are on the east side of the road . Here , the route becomes a 40 mph ( 64 km h ) freeway that has two interchanges that provide access to the sports complex . The route comes to an interchange with the southern terminus of County Route 503 ( Washington Avenue ) and Paterson Plank Road , where Route 120 becomes a four lane divided surface road that merges with Paterson Plank Road as it heads northwest along the border of Carlstadt to the northeast and East Rutherford to the southwest . Meanwhile , County Route 503 continues north northeast to head into the eastern part of Carlstadt . Route 120 passes between the Meadowlands Racetrack and New Jersey Transit 's Meadowlands Rail Line on the East Rutherford side of the road and commercial and industrial areas on the Carlstadt side of the road , intersecting with Gotham Parkway . The route has a southbound exit and entrance to the Meadowlands Sports Complex before it crosses Berrys Creek . Upon crossing the creek , Route 120 continues northwest through industrial and commercial areas , intersecting with Murray Hill Parkway . A short distance past this intersection , the road becomes a four lane undivided road that crosses New Jersey Transit s Pascack Valley Line before coming to an interchange with Route 17 . Here , Route 120 ends and County Route 120 continues to the west as Paterson Avenue . County Route 120 After crossing the Passaic River into Bergen County , the road is called Paterson Avenue and designated as County Route 120 , in Wallington , in a residential and light density commercial area . The road becomes the border between Wallington to the north and East Rutherford to the south . At the end of Wallington , Paterson Avenue is the border between Carlstadt and East Rutherford for a short distance but then the road dips into East Rutherford to avoid a hill ( the bypass , which goes over the hill , is called Hoboken Road ) . The road returns to the Carlstadt East Rutherford border at Route 17 which it crosses over via an overpass , and is then designated as Route 120 and Paterson Plank Road for a distance . History In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering , Route 3 was legislated to run along the Paterson Plank Road portion of today s Route 120 as part of its route between Secaucus and Greenwood Lake . By 1947 , Route 3 had been designated along the entire alignment of current Route 120 . When New Jersey renumbered its state highways in 1953 , Route 3 was moved to a new freeway alignment that was Route S3 . As a result of this realignment , the portion of the route between modern Route 3 and Paterson Plank Road became a portion of Route 20 while the section along Paterson Plank Road was removed from the state highway system . Paterson Plank Road between County Route 503 and Route 17 joined the state highway system again as an extension of this portion of Route 20 in 1972 when the Meadowlands Sports Complex was slated to be built . At this point , Route 20 had consisted of three disconnected segments . Since none of these segments were connected , this portion of road was redesignated Route 120 by the 1990s . With the construction of American Dream Meadowlands , several improvements are taking place to Route 120 . The interchange with Route 3 is being reconstructed with an overpass between eastbound Route 3 and northbound Route 120 that was completed in May 2009 at a cost of 38 . 1 million . Also , a flyover from southbound Route 120 to eastbound Route 3 was completed in early 2010 at a cost of 13 million . Major intersections The entire route is in Bergen County . All exits are unnumbered .
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3,152 | Miracle on Evergreen Terrace is the tenth episode of The Simpsons ' ninth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 21 , 1997 . Bart accidentally ruins Christmas for the Simpson family by burning down the tree and all their presents . It was written by Ron Hauge , directed by Bob Anderson , and guest starred Alex Trebek as himself . Hauge was inspired to write the episode after learning of an orphanage that had been ripped off . The episode was selected , among other Christmas themed episodes of the series , on a 2005 Christmas special DVD boxed set . The authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide criticized the episode as a rehash of older themes , but it was also described as one of The Simpsons more memorable episodes in a review of the 2005 DVD boxed set release . Plot The Simpson family are making their last minute Christmas preparations . At bedtime on Christmas Eve , Marge tells everyone nobody can open presents until 7 AM . However , Bart wakes up early to secretly unwrap his gifts . One of the presents is a remote controlled fire truck . Bart has fun playing with the truck , until it sprays water on an overloaded electrical socket , and the Christmas tree bursts into flames . The flames immediately engulf the plastic Christmas tree and all of the presents . Bart manages to extinguish the fire before it spreads , and hides the burned evidence outside beneath the snow in the front yard . When the family come downstairs , and discover that the Christmas tree and presents are gone , Marge asks Bart what happened . Bart makes up a story about how he caught a burglary in progress . The police investigate , and Kent Brockman decides to do a story on what he believes is the Simpsons ' yuletide misfortune . As a result of Brockman 's report , everyone in Springfield shows their community spirit by giving them 15 , 000 . With the donations , Homer buys a new car . Driving it home , a speeding Homer unintentionally drives the car onto a frozen lake , where the ice cracks , causing the car to sink and explode . The next morning , Bart 's conscience gets to him , and finally he admits the truth when he disobeyed his family , which prompts Homer and Lisa to choke him . Soon , Brockman and the news crew arrive to do a follow up story . After the family go along with the lie , the story quickly unravels when a cameraman , with help from Santa 's Little Helper , finds the burned remains of the Christmas tree . The family is forced to explain , but it is too late for the viewers , who feel they have been scammed . The citizens shun and harass them until the family can pay back the 15 , 000 . Later , when arriving home , the family find that everyone in Springfield is stealing their belongings in order to cover the 15 , 000 debt . In the end , the family playfully fight over a tattered unk , the only item they have left . Production Writer Ron Hauge said he got the idea for the episode one day when he was heading to work . He was listening to the radio and heard of an orphanage getting ripped off , and they were getting back more than they gave . The spectators in the stands during Bart 's dreams are various animators . When Krusty says 15 , 000 Missoulians it is a reference to Ron Hauge having lived in Missoula , Montana . When the Simpsons ' car says I 'll Keell you , this is a reference to a unk bat in the writer 's office that said that . Cultural references The episode has several references to Christmas films . The title is a play on Miracle on 34th Street while the scene where everyone rallies around to support the Simpsons is reminiscent of the last scene of the classic holiday movie It 's a Wonderful Life . The film is further spoofed when Homer tells Lisa to stop playing the piano which parodies a similar scene involving George Bailey . A Charlie Brown Christmas is also parodied when the senior citizens are dancing at the Springfield Retirement Castle their dancing is based on the way the Peanuts characters dance . Marge appears as a contestant on Jeopardy with host Alex Trebek guest starring . One of the stuffed animals Chief Wiggum is carrying is Binky from Matt Groening 's comic strip Life in Hell . Reception In its original broadcast , Miracle on Evergreen Terrace finished 23rd in ratings for the week of December 15 21 , 1997 , with a Nielsen rating of 9 . 8 , equivalent to approximately 9 . 6 million viewing households . It was the second highest rated show on the Fox network that week , following King of the Hill . The episode received mixed to positive reviews from critics . The authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide said A deliberately mawkish Christmas episode that is low on good jokes ( although the Simpsons watching their own fire on TV is a good start ) and a retread of any number of episodes where Bart does wrong , feels guilty and eventually has to fess up . The only real ray of sunshine is the closing moments when the neighbours get their revenge but the Simpsons find the family spirit after all . In its review of a 2005 DVD boxed set of Christmas themed episodes of The Simpsons , The Journal described Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire , Miracle On Evergreen Terrace , Skinner 's Sense of Snow , and Dude , Where 's My Ranch among memorable episodes of the series . In his review of the same DVD , Digitally Obsessed critic Joel Cunningham wrote that Miracle on Evergreen Terrace is a good one ... A nice combo of humor , satire , and heartwarming holiday fuzzies . Andy Dougan wrote in Evening Times that the episode is one of the darkest , blackest Christmas cartoons ever animated .
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3,153 | The New Waveland Caf and New Waveland Clinic together formed a disaster response center consisting of a combination caf , soup kitchen , medical clinic , donation center , and market , that operated free of charge from September 5 to December 1 , 2005 in immediate Post Katrina Mississippi Gulf Coast in Waveland , Hancock County , Mississippi . The cafe and clinic were founded in response to Hurricane Katrina and provided free food and free medical care to hurricane victims for three months . They were located in tents in the parking lot of Fred 's Department Store at 790 Hwy 90 in Waveland , across the street from the destroyed and gutted Waveland Police Department . The New Waveland Cafe served three free meals every day to thousands of residents and volunteers . The New Waveland Clinic provided free health care to over 5 , 500 patient contacts . As well , a group of hippies and Christians came together to form a unique group which worked together to provide emergency relief . Impact of Katrina Hancock County is an ocean side county situated in Southern Mississippi . As such , it has a long history of hurricanes . In 1969 the county was leveled by Hurricane Camille . In 2000 the county had a population of 42 , 967 . A vast majority of this population was exposed to the harsh effects of Hurricane Katrina . Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the US Gulf Coast on August 29 , 2005 as a Category 3 hurricane . The town of Waveland was destroyed and has been described as worst punishment Katrina could mete out . Official reports stated that approximately 50 people died when Waveland was hit directly by the eyewall of Katrina and the 32 foot ( 9 . 8 m ) storm surge . Hurricane Katrina came ashore during the high tide of 8 01AM , 2 . 2 feet more . Hurricane Katrina damaged over 40 Mississippi libraries . The Waveland Public Library was a total loss requiring a complete rebuild . Cafe The cafe originated when friends from the Rainbow Family began to communicate with each other about a possible response to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina . The Rainbow Family are best known for the Rainbow Gathering , a large , primitive type camping event in which up to 20 , 000 people attend . Those who attend these gatherings have become skilled at making and serving food for extremely large groups of people for long periods of time and in very basic situations . The cafe operated free of charge and was supported solely by donations . The cafe served up to 4000 meals three times a day . The volunteers who built and ran the cafe were all attendees of Rainbow Gatherings . As attendees of Rainbow Gatherings , the cafe volunteers often appeared to look like hippies . They were reported to have piercings and dreadlocks . Clinic The New Waveland Clinic was a temporary emergency clinic set up by Brad Baruch Stone on August 28 , 2005 and housed in tents . Stone used his skills as an emergency medical technician ( EMT ) and previous experiences as a volunteer coordinator at the CALM Medical Clinic in order to build and administrate the clinic . The clinic recruited volunteer doctors , medical students , nurses , pharmacists , EMTs and paramedics from different parts of the United States to volunteer for a week at a time . Medications and medical tools were donated by dozens of organizations including Pfizer , which donated the majority of the medications used . During its three months of operation , the clinic had over 5 , 500 documented patient encounters . The clinic was equipped and staffed by physicians specializing in family medicine , internal medicine , pediatrics and psychiatry . The clinic operated primarily as a walk in clinic where patients could see a doctor for all complaints and receive free medication . Due to the lack of a functioning emergency room the clinic was sometimes utilized as a facility to stabilize a patient while an ambulance was en route to transport the patient to an emergency room . The closest hospitals were 42 miles ( 68 km ) to the west at the Louisiana Heart Hospital in Lacombe , Louisiana or the Northshore Medical Center in Slidell , Louisiana , or 35 miles ( 56 km ) to the east at the Gulfport Memorial Hospital in Gulfport , Mississippi . The local hospital , Hancock County Medical Center , was incapacitated due to the hurricane . There were no X ray or blood laboratory available with the exception of urinalysis testing strips and unk . As such physicians were described to be practicing battlefield medicine in a unk unit . Volunteers A unique bond between two very disparate groups was formed as a result of the hurricane . Two groups , the Bastrop Christian Outreach Center ( unk ) and attendees of the counter culture Rainbow Gathering , arrived around the same time in Waveland . The unk efforts were led by Reverend Colonel Pete and Fay Jones who were among some of the first responders . Each group represented very different philosophies and had little common faith , each was able to put aside their differences and focus entirely on their humanitarian efforts . The cooperation between the two groups was described as unlikely , a bunch of hippies and evangelical Christians and the unlikeliest of bedfellows . Facilities As all buildings and structures were destroyed due to the high winds and flooding , the entire relief effort took place under temporary , tent based structures . The cafe was housed in a large geodesic dome , usually found at the Burning Man festival . The clinic originally started with two tents purchased at a supermarket . After 3 weeks of operation a 20 foot long ( 6 . 1 m ) , 10 foot tall ( 3 . 0 m ) tent was donated and erected . A month later an additional 40 foot long ( 12 m ) , 10 foot tall ( 3 . 0 m ) was added on .
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3,154 | Dancehall Queen is a song by Swedish recording artist Robyn , taken from her fifth studio album , Body Talk Pt . 1 ( 2010 ) . The song was written by Klas hlund , who produced it with disc jockey Diplo . The initial writing and production of the song arose from a discussion by Robyn , Diplo and hlund about Ace of Base . The song features a dancehall and reggae infused sound with 1980s synths and subwoofers . It was released as a promotional single before the album was launched in April 2010 . The song received mixed to positive reviews from critics . Some praised its hook and chorus , while others dismissed its overall sound . Dancehall Queen charted at number fifty six on the Sverigetopplistan chart and was listed there for only a week . The accompanying music video , released in November 2010 , was directed by Diplo , Red Foxx and Pomp Clout . It resembles a karaoke tape with sing along lyrics on the bottom of the screen . Robyn herself does not appear in the clip . Background In November 2009 , a video of Robyn and Diplo working on Dancehall Queen in the studio was posted onto YouTube . The song originally leaked onto the Internet in February 2010 , under the title No Hassle . In an interview with music website Stereogum , Robyn spoke of the song 's origin , saying We Robyn , Diplo and Klas hlund were talking about Ace of Base and we were just having fun with that kind of genre music . And the idea of making this song came out of that discussion . It was fun . We really connected on something where music that you might put in one box becomes something else , depending on how you look at it . In an interview with music magazine Pitchfork , she spoke of the song 's musical style , stating Dancehall Queen was released digitally in the US on 13 April 2010 , and on 28 April 2010 in Sweden . It was one of three promotional singles released before the album 's release . Composition Dancehall Queen was written by Klas hlund , who produced the song with Diplo . The piece is a dancehall song , with influences of reggae . The song incorporates 1980s dancehall synths and subwoofer wobbles . Nate Chinen of The New York Times called the song an ode to 1990s Euro dub . Noel Gardner of Drowned in Sound called it a modern equivalent of 10cc 's unk Holiday . The song utilizes electrified Caribbean sounds , influenced by Ace of Base . According to Ben Norman of About.com , Robyn unk her way through a laid back and bouncy electronic atmosphere . The chorus features Robyn singing I still run this thing like a dancehall queen I really don 't want no hassle . The song also includes a shoutout to unk Teng I came to dance , not to socialize . According to Marc Hogan of Pitchfork , the song 's title is a sideways allusion to ABBA . Reception Marc Hogan of Pitchfork called the song a so wrong it 's right collaboration with unk Philadelphia DJ producer Diplo . Hogan wrote that It 's here , dancing , with a chorus that Santigold and Gwen Stefani might kill for , that Robyn is free from all the worries that are killing her at the album 's start . Christopher Muther of The Boston Globe wrote that Robyn 's take on Jamaican music has the potential to reek of day old Ace of Bass , but called it surprisingly solid . Noel Gardner of Drowned in Sound called it frankly peculiar , and wrote , It s evidently laced with irony , and is possibly the most fun tune on here . Luke Lewis of NME wrote a mixed review of the song , stating , It feels less authentic , especially on Dancefloor Queen , a misfiring collaboration with Diplo that features the least convincing patois this side of a George Lamb radio show . Ben Norman of About.com wrote , Nothing against ' Dancehall Queen , ' but it just isn 't the Robyn people have come to love . Robbie Daw of Idolator called it subtle , and wrote that it s hard to imagine this song being worked as a single , but concluded saying that it definitely has an infectious hook . Anthony unk of Consequence of Sound wrote that the song is what you d expect to hear a smooth beat and an international sound , but nothing you ll keep on repeat . It seems like a match made in heaven , but ultimately it s fairly safe . Matthew Horton of BBC Music called the song superfluous . The song entered the Sverigetopplistan chart at its peak position of number fifty six , before dropping out the next week . The song also peaked at number fifty one on the Swedish Digital Chart . Music video The music video for Dancehall Queen was directed by Diplo , Red Foxx and Pomp Clout . It premiered on 29 November 2010 via Robyn 's official YouTube account . Ryan unk of Pomp Clout referred the video to as a really weird VHS karaoke video . The video resembles a faded karaoke tape with occasional sing along lyrics on the bottom of the screen . Robyn does not appear in the video . Larry Fitzmaurice of Pitchfork said that the video is complete with awkward sexy dancing and footage of bustling city life . Erika Brooks Adickman of Idolator wrote a mixed review of the clip , stating , We re guessing Robyn didn t want the hassle of appearing , so instead we re treated to seemingly random grainy footage of the streets of Japan and gyrating women as the words of the chorus appear karaoke style on the screen . We can say one good thing about the flick , if you were confused about the song s lyrics , they re fairly easy to read . The video features dancing Japanese former Jamaican Dancehall Queen Junko Kud . Track listing Digital download Dancehall Queen 3 39 Credits and personnel Klas hlund music , lyrics and production Diplo production , instruments and programming Niklas unk mixing Charts
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3,155 | Chika Ideal ( English Ideal Girl ) is a song by Puerto Rican recording artist Ivy Queen from her fourth studio album Real ( 2004 ) . It was written by Martha Ivelisse Pesante , produced by Rafi Mercenario and released as the lead single from the album in May 2004 on Universal Music Latino and Perfect Image . Lyrically , the song follows the protagonist talking to her lover , assuring him that she is going to be with him . Queen performed the song for the first time on Don Francisco Presenta . Furthermore , the video for the song reached the top of the music video countdown hosted by Terra Networks . Background Queen 's 2003 third studio recording , Diva , was a factor in reggaetn 's mainstream exposure in 2004 ( with Daddy Yankee 's Barrio Fino and Tego Calderon 's El Enemy de los Guasbiri ) , and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . Queen released a platinum edition of the album with extra tracks , including Papi Te Quiero and Tu No Puedes , and began recording her next album . Her fourth studio album was originally planned to be Queen 's debut full length English language album after she received recording contract offerings from multiple record labels including Sony . She said it was a good opportunity to reach and take over the competitive market of English hip hop music after becoming popular in Latin American countries . Queen signed a deal to record an English language album after Sony contacted her and notified her that her albums from when she was with the label six years prior are now being heard in cities like London . This was because of the success of Diva . Despite her concerns over her poor English pronunciation , she continued with the project . She recorded songs with many of hip hop 's biggest MCs including American rapper Fat Joe , who recorded a song in English for her debut English album in support of her . The song was later turned into Qutate Two and included on Real , while American hip hop producer Swizz Beatz handled production of Soldados showcasing her crossover appeal . Composition and recording According to an editor for Rolling Stone , the album contains raspy braggadocio and sexy rhymes which complement Queen 's raspy vocals . Queen said I really think this album is for people to really just sit down and listen to it . She explained that there are times that the songs will make you want to dance but their lyrical content was more meaningful . Queen wanted the overall feeling of the album to express that she is a well rounded artist . Furthermore , describing the album the songs are always going to be real because they are feelings that people have , she asserts . The hits that I have now , the girls love them because they are real . If I am feeling hurt and need to curse to express that , then I will . I am going to be real all the way because that 's what made Ivy Queen . This is prominent on Chika Ideal , where she assures the protagonists ' lover that she wants to be with him and fulfill his fantasies . Ivy Queen appeared on Don Francisco Presenta where she performed Chika Ideal in promotion of the album . Queen performed on the Reggaeton Tour 2004 which also featured other artist including Aldo Ranks and La Factoria in various South American countries including Ecuador where she performed songs such as Papi Te Quiero and Chika Ideal , promoting both Diva and Real . At the end of the month , Queen appeared on a special network television news segment detailing her career and struggle for respect within the genre of reggaetn . This occurred during studio recording sessions for the album . In February 2005 , she performed Chika Ideal , among other songs , at the Festival of Puerto Rican Stars , which was a historic achievement for reggaetn , as no other performer from the genre was invited to attend the event . In June 2005 , she appeared on the Invasion Del Reggaetn Tour with Daddy Yankee , which grossed 817 , 220 for the week of June 18 . She also attended and performed at the Billboard Bash , the night before the 2005 Billboard Latin Music Awards . Reception While reviewing the reggaetn compilation album , Jamz TV Hits , Vol . 3 , an editor for Allmusic listed Chika Ideal as an selected Allmusic Pick . The song was also selected as one of the hits from The Golden Era of Reggaetn which lasted from 2003 until 2007 by Jesus Trivino of Latina magazine . Terra Networks named the music video for Chika Ideal as one of the hottest of the summer and claimed the song to show why she is the queen of reggaetn . Despite not charting in Billboard magazine , the video reached the Top 10 for four consecutive weeks on Terra Networks ' Top Music Video countdown . In the music video for the song , Queen is video taped showing sensual scenes by several cameras from different angles . Scenes alternate between a dance in a darkened room and Queen is a record studio and the cameras . She is surrounded by multiple computers and flat screen television sets which display the feeds from the cameras . Track listing Personnel Adapted from album 's liner notes . Executive Production Goguito Willy Guadalupe , Omar Navarro Co Executive Production La Diva Ivy Queen Audio Production Rafi Mercenario Musical Production Rafi Mercenario Mastering Esteban Piero Mixing Dennis Nieves Engineer Dennis Nieves Arranging Dennis Nieves Vocals Ivy Queen , Noriega Recording Marroneo Studios in Bayamn , Puerto Rico Record Label Universal Music Latino Representation Goguito Willy Guadalupe Publishing Perfect Image Music Publishing EMI 2004 Photography Dr. Mannix Guillaera Footwear Steve Maden from Plaza Las Amricas in San Juan , Puerto Rico Graphic Art unk
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3,156 | Ya Kun Kaya Toast ( Simplified Chinese unk ) is a Singaporean chain of mass market , retro ambience cafes selling toast products ( notably kaya toast ) , soft boiled eggs and coffee . Founded by Loi Ah Koon in 1944 , Ya Kun remained a small family run stall for decades , but have expanded rapidly since Loi 's youngest son headed the business in 1999 . They have over fifty outlets , mostly franchised , across six countries , and are a Singaporean cultural icon , known for their traditional brand identity and conservative , people centric corporate culture . History In 1926 , Loi Ah Koon ( unk ) emigrated from Hainan to Singapore , where he worked as a coffee stall assistant , then started a stall selling coffee , crackers and toast at Telok Ayer Basin , together with two other immigrants , who later dropped out , leaving him to run the stall alone . He married while visiting relatives in Hainan and after his wife settled down with him in Singapore , she suggested cutting each slice of bread into half and combining the toast with her homemade kaya , which created their signature kaya toast . Registered in 1944 as Ya Kun unk ( Ya Kun being Ah Koon in Hanyu Pinyin ) , the stall gradually developed a reputation for delicious kaya toast and friendly service . The couple , their eight children and seven other families lived in a three storey shophouse across the road , where the Hong Leong Building now stands , and as the children grew up , they helped stir the kaya , run errands , charcoal grill the bread and eventually , manage the stall . Ya Kun unk moved to Lau Pa Sat in 1972 , but high rents and renovation of Lau Pa Sat in 1984 sparked a return to the Telok Ayer Market nevertheless , the stall continued to attract customers who came every day , some from as far as Jurong or Woodlands . In 1998 , the market closed down , so the stall relocated to Far East Square and was renamed Ya Kun Kaya Toast the following year , Ah Koon died and his youngest son , Loi Boon Sim Adrin ( unk ) , took over the business , determined to keep his father 's legacy going . Realising that Ya Kun had a lot of goodwill and potential , Adrin decided to expand the business , so the family opened a second store at Tanjong Pagar and , in 2000 , began franchising the brand . Since Ya Kun were incorporated in 2001 , launched their first overseas outlet ( in Indonesia ) in 2002 and expanded their menu ( adding ice cream toast and the unk ) , they have won the 2004 and 2005 unk Award , the 2005 to 2007 unk Product Award and the 2008 unk unk Regional Brands Award . Products and stores Ya Kun Kaya Toast have over forty Singaporean outlets , about half of which are franchised , and over thirty overseas outlets , all franchised , across seven countries ( China , Indonesia , Japan , Myanmar , South Korea , Taiwan and the Philippines ) they plan to expand to Brunei , India , Malaysia , the Maldives , Thailand and the United Arab Emirates in future . The stores have a retro ambience , with wooden tables and stools , Chinese calligraphy of the company name , posters about their history , traditional methods of preparing food and customer service reflecting Chinese family values . Unlike their main competitors , they have a limited menu that revolves around their core product , kaya toast , with cheese , peanut butter and ice cream as alternative spreads for their thin , brown , crispy bread . To appeal to a wider demographic , Ya Kun also sell French toast and unk ( their Asian alternative to sandwiches ) set meals combine any type of toast with soft boiled eggs and a beverage , usually coffee or unk tarik . Prices at local Ya Kun stores are slightly higher than those at unk , but lower than prices of comparable products at Western coffeehouse chains operating in Singapore , while food at overseas Ya Kun outlets is relatively expensive . All outlets obtain their ingredients from the same suppliers and some ingredients , notably the kaya and coffee powder , are made at the Ya Kun factory in Bedok , using recipes that only a few of the Loi family know . The chain are widely regarded as an institution of good kaya toast and a Singaporean cultural icon that the Singapore Tourism Board has promoted as a tourist attraction . A Ming Pao review praised the crispy but not hard , fragrant but not burnt toast and fresh kaya , while a Straits Times review described the toast as evenly sliced and of the right texture , the eggs as cooked to perfection and the unk tarik as not too milky and not overpoweringly sweet either . Management Ya Kun Kaya Toast comprises two companies , Ya Kun Singapore , which manages the Ya Kun factory and two corporate outlets , and Ya Kun International , which oversees the chain of outlets and franchising activities . Adrin has an 80 percent share of Ya Kun Singapore and his younger brother , Algie , has a 20 percent share , with other members of the Loi family actively involved in daily activities , while Ya Kun International is fully owned by Adrin Loi . Their corporate culture is conservative and people centric , with emphasis on preserving their brand identity as their unk ( unk , commitment or promise ) to their customers , sustainable growth over actively pursuing new opportunities , nurturing family like relationships among staff ( they do not fire or unk workers ) and avoiding aggressive conflict with competitors . Although Ya Kun do not publicly disclose their financial figures , a 2009 unk unk article estimated that the company had an annual revenue of S 8 million , while a 2012 article in The Star stated they had 300 employees . Cited literature William Koh ( 2010 ) . The Top Toast Ya Kun and the Singapore Breakfast Tradition . unk Learning Asia . ISBN unk .
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3,157 | Fish in a Drawer is the seventeenth episode of the fifth season of Two and a Half Men and the 113th episode overall . The episode was written by Evan unk , Sarah Goldfinger , Carol Mendelsohn and Naren Shankar , the writers of CSI Crime Scene Investigation , who swapped shows with the writing staff of Two and a Half Men . The episode revolves around Teddy Leopold ( Robert Wagner ) , who is found dead on Charlie ( Charlie Sheen ) ' s bed during his mother 's wedding reception . A crime scene investigation crew searches Charlie 's house , trying to find out who murdered Teddy . Fish in a Drawer aired May 5 , 2008 on CBS , and was watched by approximately 13 million viewers , making it the night 's third most watched show , behind CSI Miami and Dancing with the Stars . Plot At the reception of Evelyn and Teddy 's wedding , Charlie still wants to marry Courtney , his new stepsister , and decides to go up to his room with her . When they lie down on the bed , in the dark , Courtney discovers that she is lying on something , when Charlie turns on the light he finds Teddy lying dead on his bed with his pants around his knees , and lipstick on his Hoo Hoo When Charlie tells Alan , they find out they have an even bigger problem telling their mother . After pulling Evelyn away from the piano , they tell her and she then cashes in their honeymoon tickets for a trip for one to Fiji before calling the police . After the police arrive and examine the crime scene , Charlie , Alan , Evelyn , Berta , Courtney , and Jake are brought to the station for separate questioning . Charlie ends up being more obsessed with his attractive interrogator ( Jamie Rose ) , Alan is afraid of going to jail and can not talk straight , Evelyn spends more time complaining about their coffee , Berta turns out to be a waste of time , and Jake talks about food . It gets clear pretty soon that Evelyn is an easy target , since almost all of her prior husbands had died . Evelyn mentions her first husband died from food poisoning , explaining she was a young bride and didn 't know you couldn 't keep fish in a drawer . After the files of Teddy and his daughter Courtney come back , the crime team discovers that their real names are Nathan Krunk and Sylvia Fishman , and they are not even related . It turns out that Sylvia and Nathan actually were con artists . The crime team thought that Nathan was murdered , because of the bruise on the back of his head , but it was revealed that he died of a heart attack , while attempting to have sex with Sylvia . The bruise had occurred two days earlier , when he bumped his head while having sex with Sylvia . As the police lead Sylvia away , Charlie attempts to tell her off for conning him , but he can only manage to say I 'll wait for you . Production In 2007 , Chuck Lorre , the creator of Two and a Half Men , contacted Carol Mendelsohn , the show runner of CSI Crime Scene Investigation , about a crossover . The first reactions to this were that it was a stupid idea . CSI writer and executive producer Naren Shankar commented that when Mendelsohn first told him about the idea he replied What a nut . However , that same year , the idea resurfaced , when Lorre and Mendelsohn met at the World Television Festival in Banff . Upon hearing this , the cast of both shows were surprised and not interested , but they eventually jumped aboard . In an interview with The New York Post , before the idea was fully worked out , Mendelsohn described the possible crossover as a great challenge . When Mendelsohn was giving a talk , she accidentally mentioned the crossover , as a result Variety was already inquiring about the crossover episodes that same day . Mendelsohn eventually revealed the crossover at the Banff event in Canada . After the episode was taped , Lorre stated The biggest challenge for us was doing a comedy with a murder in it . Generally our stories are a little lighter . Would our audience go with a dead body in it There was a moment where it could have gone either way . I think the results were spectacular . It turned out to be a really funny episode . Fish in a Drawer was written by Carol Mendelsohn and Naren Shankar and directed by Jeff Melman . As an inside joke , George Eads , who plays crime scene investigator Nick Stokes on CSI made a cameo as a guest at the wedding reception . Three days after the initial airing of Fish in a Drawer , Two And a Half Deaths , the corresponding CSI episode , aired on CBS . However , in an early Zap2it interview , both Mendelsohn and Lorre stated that this might be the last time a crossover like this might occur . Reception Fish in a Drawer was broadcast on May 5 , 2008 on CBS , and was watched by 13 . 61 million viewers , making it the night 's third most watched show , behind CSI Miami and Dancing with the Stars . The episode was the fifth most watched program on CBS in the week of May 5 to May 11 , 2008 . Allison Waldman of AOL 's TV Squad , stated that she found the corresponding CSI Crime Scene Investigation episode Emmy Award worthy , while she found Fish in a Drawer , not rip roaring , but still good . Andy unk of Zap2it , said that he was attracted to the episode due to the news about the crossover , he stated he found the Faux Catherine brilliant and that the grainy flashbacks were the best parts . unk Ferrell submitted this episode for consideration for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards , but did not end up being nominated , being nominated the previous year . The director of this episode , Jeff Melman , also submitted this episode for consideration for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series , but was neither nominated as well .
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3,158 | Pluteus nevadensis is a species of fungus in the agaric family Pluteaceae . Described as new to science in 2010 , the species is known only from subtropical and pine forests in Mexico , where it grows on rotting pine and oak wood . Fruit bodies ( mushrooms ) have red orange caps up to 3 . 8 cm ( 1 . 5 in ) in diameter with a shape ranging from conic , convex , or flattened , depending on their age . The silky yellow stems are up to 4 . 5 cm ( 1 . 8 in ) long . It is similar in appearance to Pluteus aurantiorugosus , with which it shares an unk or scarlet colored cap and a yellow stem . P. nevadensis can be distinguished from this and other superficially similar Pluteus species by differences in microscopic characteristics . Taxonomy The species was described by Olivia Rodrguez in 2010 in the journal Mycotaxon , based on collections made in 1991 . The holotype material was collected on the Colima volcano , in the Municipality of unk el Grande , at an elevation of 2 , 100 m ( 6 , 900 ft ) . The species was formerly referred to Pluteus aurantiorugosus , with which it bears a close resemblance . After close examination and comparison of the two species , the authors concluded that the differences in morphology and DNA sequence were sufficient to warrant describing a new species . According to Rolf Singer 's infrageneric classification of the genus Pluteus , the fungus belongs in the section Celluloderma . Species in this section have pleurocystidia that are either absent or non unk . Furthermore , the majority have a cap cuticle comprising short club shaped or spheropedunculate ( somewhat spherical with a stem ) cells , that may or may not be mixed with elongated cystidia like cells . Other species in Celluloderma include P. unk , P. aurantiorugosus , P. unk , P. unk , and P. unk . Molecular analyses of internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences supports the placement of P. nevadensis in Celluloderma , and further suggest that it has a sister relationship with P. unk . The specific epithet nevadensis refers to the mountain , Nevado de Colima , where the type material was collected . Description The cap is 15 38 mm ( 0 . 6 1 . 5 in ) in diameter , conic when young , bell shaped to convex or plano convex when mature , and umbonate . The cap margin is curved downward , even or slightly eroded . The red orange cap surface is dry to moist , and wrinkled towards the margin but smooths out as it approaches the center . Sometimes there is white yellowish flesh underneath the cap cuticle . The gills are free from attachment to the stem , crowded closely together , broad to swollen in the middle , and white or whitish when young to salmon pinkish in age . The edge of the gill is floccose ( with wool like tufts ) or fringed , and whitish . The stem , which is centrally attached to the cap , measures 6 45 mm ( 0 . 24 1 . 77 in ) by 2 6 mm ( 0 . 08 0 . 24 in ) , and is roughly equal in width throughout . It is smooth to slightly fibrillose ( covered in small slender fibers or filaments ) , silky , and hollow . The color is yellow or yellowish near the top , and deep orange or with orange tinges towards the base . The base of the stem is covered with cottony whitish mycelia . The flesh of the cap is 1 mm thick or more at the center and whitish . The stem tissue is yellowish or yellow gold . Fruit bodies of Pluteus nevadensis have no distinctive taste or odor . The color of the spore print is pinkish brown . The smooth spores measure 5 . 5 7 by 4 . 5 6 . 5 m , roughly spherical to broadly ellipsoid in shape . Their walls are thin to slightly thickened , and almost translucent . The basidia ( spore bearing cells in the hymenium ) are 22 29 by 6 . 5 7 . 5 m ( including sterigmata ) , club shaped , and four spored . They have unk contents and are hyaline ( translucent ) . The pleurocystidia ( cystidia on the gill face ) are 41 . 8 75 by 11 . 8 24 m , frequent , scattered , and flask shaped with short or elongated necks . Some pleurocystidia are somewhat fusiform ( tapered on each end ) or somewhat utriform ( shaped like a leather bottle or flask ) , thin walled , and hyaline . Cheilocystidia ( cystidia on the gill edge ) are 32 55 by 10 18 . 5 m , crowded , and club shaped . Some are utriform , roughly cylindrical or egg shaped , thin walled , and hyaline . The gill tissue is convergent , meaning that the hyphae appear to converge toward the center of the tissue . The cap cuticle comprises club shaped or unk cells that measure 25 . 6 60 by 13 . 6 31 . 2 m . These cells typically have a long pedicel ( stalk ) with a thin or slightly thickened wall , and are hyaline . The species lacks oleiferous hyphae ( filled with oil like contents ) and clamp connections . Similar species Pluteus aurantiorugosus is very similar to P. nevadensis in external appearance , and the two can only be reliably distinguished by microscopic characteristics or DNA sequence . In contrast to the latter species , the former has oblong spores , and cystidia that are shorter and less slender . P. aurantiorugosus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere , but rare . The species Pluteus unk shares with P. nevadensis a fragile fruit body , a red cap , and similar unk morphology . It differs in its orange red gill edges , red stem , and cap cuticle cells that contain pigment . Other species with a roughly similar appearance , including P. unk , P. unk , P. unk , P. unk , and P. laetus , can be distinguished by differences in microscopic characteristics . Habitat and distribution Pluteus nevadensis is known only from subtropical and pine forests in the states of Guerrero and Jalisco , Mexico , where it grows on the rotting wood of pine and oak . It is one of 34 Pluteus species known in Mexico .
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3,159 | The Fabyan Windmill is an authentic , working Dutch windmill dating from the 1850s located in Geneva , Kane County , Illinois , just north of Batavia , Illinois , off Illinois Route 25 . The five story wooden smock mill with a stage , which stands 68 feet ( 21 m ) tall , sits upon the onetime estate of Colonel George Fabyan , but is now part of the Kane County Forest Preserve District . In 1979 , the windmill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Dutch Mill . The following year , the windmill was selected to be on a U.S. postage stamp , as part of a series of five windmills in a stamp booklet called Windmills USA . It originally operated as a custom grinding mill . History During the mid 19th century , the Fabyan Windmill was constructed by German craftsmen , Louis unk , and his brother in law unk Brockmann , on a site at Meyers Road near 16th Street in York Township between Elmhurst and Oak Brook , Illinois ( now Lombard , Illinois ) . By the early 20th century , the windmill had fallen into a state of disrepair . In 1914 , George Fabyan purchased the disused windmill for approximately 8 , 000 from Mrs. Fred Runge . He then had it moved to its present location in Geneva Township on the east side of the Fox River , close to Illinois Route 25 in July 1915 . Fabyan spent an estimated 75 , 000 to have it moved , reconstructed , and restored . The Edgar E. Belding Company of West Chicago was contracted by Fabyan to move the windmill from York Center . It was slowly dismantled piece by piece , with Roman numerals carved into the beams and braces to facilitate correct reconstruction . Some of the largest beams had to be hauled by a team of mules . The windmill was reassembled on its present site by a Danish millwright named Rasmussen , with the assistance of John Johnson and six others from the Wilson Bros. Construction Co . After nineteen months , the relocation and reconstruction were completed . The mill was a wonder in its day , because it is thought to be the only fully automatic wind driven mill of its type . George Fabyan died in 1936 , and his wife died two years later . The estate was then sold by the executors of the will to the Kane County Forest Preserve District for 70 , 500 . Structure The giant cypress wood beams , trimmed with black walnut , are all hand joined and unk with wood dowels . In fact , there are no metal nails used inside the structure . Even the original gearing was handmade of hickory and maple , with all five floors containing different mechanisms . The windmill was a functioning mill used by the unk for grinding several types of grain , including corn , wheat , rye , and oats . It also served as a grain mill for Fabyan 's herd of prized Jersey cattle . At the mill 's top , or cap , is a huge cogged wheel called the brake wheel , which was turned by wind blowing against the sails . The sails are covered with canvas unk to help catch the wind . The sails had to be entirely reconstructed by Rasmussen and John Johnson , because they were missing when Fabyan bought the mill . The sails span 74 feet 4 inches . The brake wheel , located in the cap , rotates an upright shaft running the height of the mill . This shaft supplied power to all of the mill 's operations . There is a set of belt driven elevators , remarkable for its time , that moved the grains from chutes to hoppers , and even from floor to floor , making the mill almost fully automatic . Most other mills required workers to hand shovel materials between operations . During its reconstruction , the Colonel had a new foundation poured , which created a basement . In the basement , he had ovens installed whose vents and chimney extended underground beneath Route 25 to a structure that once stood on the other side . In addition to the ovens , marble slabs and cooling racks were also installed . It is thought that at one time , the windmill basement was an operating bakery . During the flour rationing of World War I , the bakery supposedly produced bread for the Fabyan family and even for their two bears , Tom and Jerry . However , the extent of use of the mill 's bakery is debatable due to an inadequate oven draft . Significance The wind powered mill is a type that was rarely built in the United States , where grist mills are usually powered by water . Its wooden gears and nail less construction techniques are of interest both technically and architecturally . The mill is also an example of an America folly , a structure built primarily to enhance the landscape or view . In this case , George Fabyan , a wealthy merchant , purchased and moved the by then inoperative mill to beautify his estate , but maintained it as a private mill with no commercial value . Today Kane County considered the windmill 's demolition as early as 1990 when it became structurally unsafe for public inspection . However , local citizens began fighting to keep the mill intact . In 1997 , the Forest Preserve District contracted third generation Dutch windmill maker Lucas unk to fully restore the windmill for a cost of over 900 , 000 . It made its public debut in June 2005 . The Fabyan Windmill is the best example of an authentic Dutch windmill in the United States , actually it 's a treasure and would be the most popular windmill in the Netherlands ( we currently have 1000 windmills ) . The grinding mechanisms to make flour have been restored and are in use today by mill volunteers who do demonstrations to the public . Even now , the varnish from 1915 is in near perfect condition because the climate inside the mill varies little from season to season due to its superior construction , and the Roman numeral markings carved into the beams used in original reconstruction are still visible .
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3,160 | Delightful Dolly is a 1910 American silent short comedy produced by the Thanhouser Company . The film follows Marie Allen , an orphan girl who lives with her grandfather , who sees a large doll in the window of the shop . At night , she sneaks out to visit the shop with the doll , but finds it gone . She sneaks into the shop and ends up hiding in the box , to prevent from being discovered by the store clerk . She is taken to the home of the rich little girl , Daisy . After taking the doll 's clothes , Marie hides in the box as Daisy approaches . When Daisy opens the box , Marie acts like a doll . When Daisy takes a break for food , Marie secretly takes the food and drink much to Daisy 's bewilderment . Marie 's grandfather arrives at the home and explains the situation and Marie receives the doll from the family . Little is known about the production or cast of the film , but Marie Eline played the role of Marie . The film was released on October 14 , 1910 and was met with some praise in trade publications . The film is presumed lost . Plot Though the film is presumed lost , a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from October 15 , 1910 . It states Little Marie Allen , a penniless orphan , lives with her granddad . Out for a walk she admires a huge doll in a shop window . That night , after her granddad has fallen asleep , she slips out to have another look at the doll . Arriving at the toy shop , she sees that the doll is gone . Unseen by anyone , she enters the store . She finds the wonderful doll and lifts it out of its box to admire it . Hearing a clerk approaching , she becomes frightened and gets into the doll box . The doll rolls under the counter . The clerk sends the errand boy off with the box , thinking it contains the doll , which has been ordered for Daisy Smythe , a rich little girl . Arriving at Daisy 's house , Marie steps out of the box as soon as the room is empty . She removes the doll clothes from the box and admires them greatly . She decides to try them on , and soon a little cap , shoes and garments are on her figure . Then she hears Daisy coming and retreats to the box . Daisy enters and takes the supposed doll from the box , falls in love with it instantly and enthusiastically works its arms and limbs . Marie lives up to her role well , imitating with stiff , jerky movements of the limbs that belong to real dolls . Then Daisy eats , and Marie grows hungry as she watches . When Daisy sets down her bowl of milk , Marie reaches over and drinks it down . Daisy is amazed when she misses the milk . Marie helps herself to all the food and Daisy 's wonderment is amusing to see . Finally Daisy falls asleep in her chair and Marie falls asleep on the floor . Here she is found by her granddad , who managed to trace her from the toy shop , and Daisy and her mother laugh so heartily over Marie 's adventure that they reward her cleverness with the doll itself Cast Marie Eline as Marie Allen The roles of Daisy Smythe and the grandfather were likely played by members of the Thanhouser Company , but the roles were uncredited and apparently not given in trade publications . Production The writer of the scenario is unknown , but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . He was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . The film director is unknown , but it may have been Barry O 'Neil . Film historian Q. David Bowers does not attribute a cameraman for this production , but at least two possible candidates exist . Blair Smith was the first cameraman of the Thanhouser company , but he was soon joined by Carl Louis Gregory who had years of experience as a still and motion picture photographer . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions . The role of Marie was played by Marie Eline , but the other cast credits are unknown . Many 1910 Thanhouser productions have fragmentary cast credits . In late 1910 , the Thanhouser company released a list of the important personalities in their films . The list includes G.W. Abbe , Justus D. Barnes , Frank H. Crane , Irene Crane , Violet Heming , Martin J. Faust , Thomas Fortune , George Middleton , Grace Moore , John W. Noble , Anna Rosemond , Mrs. George Walters . Release and reception The single reel comedy , approximately 1 , 000 feet long , was released on October 14 , 1910 . The film had a wide national release , with known theaters in North Carolina , Washington , Montana , Arizona , Kansas , and Minnesota . The film was also shown in Vancouver , Canada . The review received barely a sentence from Walton of The Moving Picture News who stated it was Good from A to Z. The Moving Picture World offers little more , highlighting that the film would please children and offered a brief summary devoid of criticism or praise . The New York Dramatic Mirror gave a much more substantial treatment of the subject and stated , This film , intended for juvenile patrons , has yet a charm for older spectators as well , because it tells a pretty story in a pretty way . ... The narrative is frankly impossible in plot , but that makes it no less entertaining to the youthful . A little make believe is relished by the best of men . The acting of the wee heroine is really wonderful it is spontaneous , lively , resourceful , graceful , and charming . The part of the rich girl , however , although it is unk played , should have been entrusted to a smaller , if not to a younger , woman . The size of the actress makes the film look bizarre . The scenery is not all that might be desired , still it is passable . The effect and usage of a living doll would be attempted again with The Spoiled Darling 's Doll , apparently with better success than Delightful Dolly .
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3,161 | Regina Margherita was the lead ship of her class of pre dreadnought battleships built for the Italian Regia Marina between 1898 and 1904 . She had one sister ship , Benedetto Brin . Regina Margherita saw action in the Italo Turkish War of 1911 1912 . By the outbreak of World War I in 1914 , the battleship had been reduced to a training ship . She struck two naval mines on the night of 11 12 December 1916 while steaming off Valona . She sank with heavy loss of life 675 men were killed , and only 270 survived . Design Regina Margherita was 138 . 65 meters ( 454 . 9 ft ) long overall and had a beam of 23 . 84 m ( 78 . 2 ft ) and a draft of 8 . 81 m ( 28 . 9 ft ) . She displaced 14 , 093 metric tons ( 13 , 870 long tons 15 , 535 short tons ) at full combat load . Her propulsion system consisted of two triple expansion engines . Steam for the engines was provided by twenty eight coal fired Niclausse boilers . The ship 's propulsion system provided a top speed of 20 . 3 knots ( 37 . 6 km h 23 . 4 mph ) and a range of approximately 10 , 000 nautical miles ( 19 , 000 km 12 , 000 mi ) at 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Regina Margherita had a crew of 812 officers and enlisted men . As built , the ship was armed with four 12 in ( 300 mm ) 40 caliber guns placed in two twin gun turrets , one forward and one aft . The ship was also equipped with four 8 in ( 200 mm ) 40 cal. guns in casemates in the superstructure , and twelve 6 in ( 150 mm ) 40 cal. guns , also in casemates in the side of the hull . Close range defense against torpedo boats was provided by a battery of twenty 3 in ( 76 mm ) 40 cal. guns . The ship also carried a pair of 47 mm ( 1 . 9 in ) guns , two 37 mm ( 1 . 5 in ) guns , and two 10 mm ( 0 . 39 in ) Maxim guns . Regina Margherita was also equipped with four 17 . 7 in ( 450 mm ) torpedo tubes placed in the hull below the waterline . Regina Margherita was protected with Harvey steel manufactured in Terni . The main belt was 6 in ( 150 mm ) thick , and the deck was 3 . 1 in ( 79 mm ) thick . The conning tower and the casemate guns were also protected by 6 in of armor plating . The main battery guns had stronger armor protection , at 8 in ( 200 mm ) thick . Service Regina Margherita laid down at the La Spezia shipyard on 20 November 1898 . She was launched on 30 May 1901 in the presence of King Victor Emmanuel , and completed three years later she was commissioned into the Italian fleet on 14 April 1904 . Work progressed slowly on the ship in large part due to non delivery of material , particularly the heavy armor . In July , the ship conducted her speed trials in the Gulf of Genoa . Following her completion , she was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron . The ships in the squadron were typically only on active duty for seven months of the year for training the rest of the year they were placed in reserve . In 1907 , the Mediterranean Squadron consisted of Regina Margherita , her sister Benedetto Brin , and three of the Regina Elena class battleships . The ships participated in the annual maneuvers in late September and early October as the flagship of Vice Admiral Alfonso di Brocchetti . On 29 September 1911 , Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire in order to seize Libya . During the Italo Turkish War Regina unk was assigned to the 1st Division of the 2nd Squadron , along with her sister and the two Ammiraglio di Saint Bon class battleships . She joined the squadron on 5 October , a week after the war started . On 13 April 1912 , Regina Margherita and the rest of the Squadron sailed from Tobruk to the Aegean Sea to rendezvous with the 1st Squadron . The two squadrons met off Stampalia on 17 April . The next day , the fleet steamed into the northern Aegean and cut several Turkish submarine cables . Most of the ships of the Italian fleet then bombarded the fortresses protecting the Dardanelles in an unsuccessful attempt to lure out the Turkish fleet . While they were doing this , Regina Margherita , Benedetto Brin , and two torpedo boats were detached to cut additional cables between Rhodes and Marmaris . On 18 May , Regina Margherita bombarded Marmaris . While debarking troops on the island of Scarpanto in the Aegean , the ship 's anchor chain accidentally slipped loose and killed the ship 's executive officer , Captain unk five other men were injured in the accident . In July , Regina Margherita and the rest of the Division had withdrawn to Italy to replace worn out gun barrels , along with other repairs . In 1912 , the ship had four 3 inch guns added , increasing her battery from 20 to 24 pieces . Italy declared neutrality after the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , but by July 1915 , the Triple Entente had convinced the Italians to enter the war against the Central Powers . The primary naval opponent for the duration of the war was the Austro Hungarian Navy the Naval Chief of Staff , Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel , planned a distant blockade with the battle fleet , while smaller vessels , such as the MAS boats conducted raids . The heavy ships of the Italian fleet would be preserved for a potential major battle in the Austro Hungarian fleet should emerge from its bases . By this time , Regina Margherita was long since obsolescent , and was reduced to a training ship in the 3rd Division , along with her sister ship . On the night of 11 12 December 1916 , while sailing from the port of Valona in heavy sea conditions , she struck two mines laid by the German submarine SM UC 14 and blew up . There were 270 survivors and 675 men perished . The ship 's loss was not announced until January 1917 . Lieutenant General Oreste Bandini , the commander of the Italian Albania Expeditionary Corps , was on the ship and was among those who were killed in the sinking .
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3,162 | Eddisbury hill fort , also known as Castle Ditch , is an Iron Age hill fort near Delamere , Cheshire , in northern England . Hill forts are fortified hill top settlements constructed across Britain during the Iron Age . Eddisbury is the largest and most complex of the seven hill forts in the county of Cheshire . It was constructed before 200 100 BC and expanded in 1 50 AD . In the 1st century AD , the Romans slighted the site . It was reoccupied in the 6th 8th centuries AD , and an Anglo Saxon burh was probably established at Eddisbury in 914 . In the medieval and post medieval periods quarrying and farming have damaged the site . Ownership is currently split between the Forestry Commission and a local farm . Eddisbury is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument . Background Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age , roughly the start of the first millennium BC . The reason for their emergence in Britain , and their purpose , has been a subject of debate . It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe , sites built by invaders , or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture . The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain . Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze , and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status . Power passed into the hands of a new group of people . Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated the forts provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress of an increasing population burst out into open warfare . But I wouldn 't see them as having been built because there was a state of war . They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed , but this was not the only , or even the most significant , factor in their construction . Location and layout Although there are over 1 , 300 hill forts in England , they are concentrated in the south of the country , with only seven in Cheshire . Eddisbury is the largest and most complex of the Cheshire hill forts . The forts form two geographical groups of three , with Maiden Castle on its own in the south of the county Eddisbury hill fort is in the southern group with unk Castle and unk hill fort . Located at grid reference unk , Eddisbury Hill , in common with all of the hill forts in Cheshire , sits on part of the central ridge that runs north south through the county . Eddisbury hill fort follows the contours of its hill and measures 200 by 380 m ( 660 by 1 , 250 ft ) . It is surrounded by two ramparts with a ditch in between . The ditch is 10 m ( 33 ft ) wide and 0 . 5 m ( 1 . 6 ft ) deep . The inner bank lies between . History There is evidence of Bronze Age activity at Eddisbury . Before 250 BC , a palisade was erected on Eddisbury Hill . The first hill fort was built in 200 100 BC . Eddisbury hill fort has two main archaeological phases . In the first phase of activity , the site was defended by a single rampart and ditch this type of hill fort is termed univallate . The settlement was concentrated on the eastern part of the fort 's hill . During the second phase , the fort extended westwards , occupying the entire hill top , and the defences were enhanced through the addition of more ramparts and ditches . The enclosed area expanded from 5 . 5 acres ( 22 , 000 m2 ) to 7 acres ( 28 , 000 m2 ) , and the defences covered 15 . 5 acres ( 63 , 000 m2 ) , 6 acres ( 24 , 000 m2 ) more than previously . There are two theories about the expansion of the fort either the growth westwards and the extended defences were completed at the same time or that they were separate events . If they happened at the same time it is likely to have been in the interest of making the site easier to defend . If they were separate , the ramparts may have been extended to incorporate an entrance at the western end of the site . The expansion phase dated to 1 50 AD . In the late 1st century AD , the hill fort was destroyed by the Romans . The defences were slighted to prevent the site being reused . In the 4th 6th centuries AD , the hill fort was reoccupied and huts were built over the inner rampart . A later hut , dating from the 6th 8th centuries , has also been discovered . Eddisbury has been suggested as the site of an Anglo Saxon burh built in 914 by thelfld , daughter of Alfred the Great , and recorded in the Mercian Register in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle but this has been queried . In the medieval and post medieval period , the south east part of the site was inhabited , at one point being used as a forester 's lodge . The centre of the fort has been cultivated since at least the 19th century , still undergoes ploughing , and was used as a quarry . Eddisbury was excavated between 1935 and 1938 by W. J. Varley , who also undertook excavations at Maiden Castle nearby , as part of his investigation into the origin of Cheshire 's hill forts . The structure was made a Scheduled Ancient Monument in 1995 , giving Eddisbury protection against unauthorised change . The site has been assessed as being at high risk due to ploughing on the site , causing erosion . Five of Cheshire 's seven hill forts have been assessed as being at high risk compared to 15 of North West England 's Scheduled Monuments . Although the western and northern parts of Eddisbury are owned by the Forestry Commission , the rest of the site is part of Old Pale Farm .
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3,163 | The 1992 Queensland storms were a series of thunderstorms which struck southeastern Queensland , Australia on 29 November 1992 . The storms produced strong winds , flash flooding and large hailstones in the region , including the capital city of Brisbane . The storms also spawned two of the most powerful tornadoes recorded in Australia , including the only Australian tornado to be given an official ' F4 ' classification on the Fujita scale . The meteorological instability in the region resulted in the formation of at least five supercell thunderstorms in the space of around three hours . The storms , which spawned progressively further up the coast from Brisbane to Gladstone as the afternoon progressed , left a trail of damage resulting from hail , rain and wind . The event has been described as one of the most widespread outbreaks of severe thunderstorms recorded by veteran meteorologist Richard Whitaker . Climatology and conditions November is traditionally the start of the thunderstorm season along the eastern seaboard of Australia , with a rise in average humidity and warmer ground temperatures combining with more frequent occurrences of cool air in the upper atmosphere . These conditions are conducive for producing severe thunderstorms , particularly those which feature hail . The conditions on Sunday , 29 November were extremely unsettled . There were a series of thunderstorm cells that formed early in the morning despite it being more common for thunderstorms to form in the late afternoon in the south east Queensland region . These storms , which had periodic bursts of severe lightning , cleared quickly . Thunderstorms began to form again just before midday , as the hot and humid conditions became more acute in the middle part of the day . The Bureau of Meteorology radar picked up a series of cells to the north west of Brisbane , the capital of Queensland , and the data suggested that there was a possibility of large hail . The Bureau immediately issued a Severe Thunderstorm Warning for the coastal region between Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast , 100 km to the north . The main cell in the thunderstorm system appeared from Bureau of Meteorology radar analysis to split into two separate and distinct cells . This development resulted in one part of the major storm to head north , to Maroochydore , while the other part headed south towards Brisbane . The southern cell struck Brisbane just after 1 00pm , with intense lightning activity and hailstones the size of marbles falling . The storm caused a lengthy delay during the First Test of the series between Australia and the West Indies , when hail forced play to be stopped at the Brisbane Cricket Ground around 1 15pm . The northern cell continued to intensify throughout the afternoon . The Bureau of Meteorology then recognised it as a supercell , which often bring erratic developments and often last for long periods of time . The storm dropped hailstones which were between eight and ten centimeters around Maroochydore , on the Sunshine Coast , damaging the roofs of around 80 houses in the area . The hail also damaged aircraft at a local airport and dented cars , as well as inflicting injuries to a handful of swimmers at beaches near Maroochydore . Tornadoes The extreme instability in this area caused at least three more severe supercells in the region . Two separate cells both produced a tornado that were recorded as two of the most powerful in Australian history . The third supercell , which formed just after 3 00pm ( immediately after the two tornadoes ) near Gladstone , produced golf ball sized hail that caused crop damage around Gladstone . The total damage to crops from the event was placed in the millions ( A ) . Oakhurst tornado Early in the afternoon , another supercell developed around the town of Maryborough , around 300 km north of Brisbane . It developed rapidly also , and at 2 30pm a number of reports sent to the Bureau of Meteorology reported a tornado had touched down in Oakhurst , a rural area 10 km west of Maryborough . However , due to the low population density in the area the reported damage was sparse , with one house destroyed , several others unroofed and hundreds of trees were snapped . Upon investigation and analysis of measurements and the damage caused by the tornado , it was given a rating of ' F3 ' on the Fujita scale . This was one of the most powerful tornadoes ever recorded in Australia , and the scale indicated the tornado may have produced winds of between 252 and 300 kilometres per hour . Bucca tornado Only minutes after the Oakhurst tornado , another supercell developed to the south west of Bundaberg , around 400 km north of Brisbane and 150 km north of the Oakhurst tornado . It strengthened and moved in a north east direction , causing severe damage to unk and Bucca areas with giant hailstones , described as the size of a cricket ball . The supercell then spawned a tornado in the Bucca and Kolan area . According to reports by meteorologists , the tornado was so strong and the effects caused on the area it hit were so extreme that household appliances were displaced , small objects were embedded in trees and house walls , and a 3 tonne truck body was carried 300 metres across the ground . However , as with Oakhurst , the rural nature of the area affected limited the damage caused by the tornado . Examination by a severe weather team from the Bureau of Meteorology examined the damage in the Bucca and Kolan region and recorded it as an ' F4 ' on the Fujita scale . This corresponds to the tornado being able to produce winds between 331 and 417 kilometres per hour and of ' devastating ' intensity . This is the first tornado ever to be recorded as an F4 in Australian history .
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3,164 | Portland Monthly ( also referred to as Portland Monthly Magazine ) is a monthly news and general interest magazine which covers events and culture in Portland , Oregon . The magazine was co founded in 2003 by siblings Nicole and Scott Vogel . Nicole had previously worked for Cendant Corporation and Time Warner , and Scott had been a journalist at The New York Times . Though the magazine had some trouble with funding in its first year , it grew to a stable circulation of 56 , 000 and by 2006 was the seventh largest city magazine in the United States . The magazine 's editor in 2008 was Ted Katauskas . The Portland Monthly has received generally positive reception in other new publications , including a mixed review of the magazine 's first issue in The Columbian , and subsequent positive reviews in The Oregonian and The Seattle Times . Rachel Dresbeck wrote favorably of the magazine in her 2007 book Insiders ' Guide to Portland , Oregon . History First year The magazine was co founded in 2003 by Nicole Vogel and her brother journalist Scott Vogel , and began as a glossy magazine with a focus on the lifestyle of Portland . Nicole Vogel had previously been a vice president at Cendant Corporation , and had worked at Time Warner for five years and was a vice president at CNN . Scott Vogel had previously worked as a journalist for The New York Times . The niche market focus of the magazine was for 25 to 65 year olds with household incomes of at least 100 , 000 . Nicole Vogel used Texas Monthly as one of her models for the magazine , which she had read growing up in Texas . Planning and research for the magazine included conducting 200 interviews with residents of Portland , in addition to raising US 40 , 000 from angel investors . Nicole Vogel had previously sought out seed capital from investors at the Oregon Entrepreneurs Forum in February 2003 , and in total raised less than 1 million from investors . One of the first investors in Portland Monthly was the Women s Investors Network , a Portland based group of women investors which is part of the Oregon Entrepreneurs ' Foundation . A formal gathering was held on September 27 , 2003 at the Portland Armory to celebrate the launch of the magazine , and the magazine debuted September 29 , 2003 . The first issue was 104 pages , and due to initial funding issues the magazine appeared bimonthly for the first year . 40 , 000 copies were produced for the first issue . The first issue was dedicated to the theme Why We Love This Town . The magazine was profitable in its first year and brought in 1 million in revenue . 2004 to present Scott Vogel served as the magazine 's first editor in chief , and left Portland Monthly in late 2004 to join the The Washington Post . Russ Rymer served as the magazine 's editor after Scott Vogel left , but he left in February 2005 to become editor of Mother Jones . After Rymer the magazine went to employment contracts for editors . Journalist Louise unk became the next editor in chief of the magazine on April 11 , 2005 . In 2005 the magazine maintained a staff of 22 in addition to hiring freelancers . In August 2005 the Portland Magazine purchased a local magazine related to weddings , the Portland Bride and Groom , which was founded in 2001 . Portland Monthly 's style editor Jill unk became the editor of the Portland Bride and Groom . Ted Katauskas , who had formerly worked as managing editor of Portland Magazine , was promoted to the magazine 's editor in chief in August 2005 . Katauskas was the fifth employee of the company . Circulation of the Portland Monthly in 2005 numbered 56 , 000 , and in 2006 paid circulation was 56 , 000 with an additional 18 , 000 to 22 , 000 sold on newsstands . In February 2006 the magazine was the seventh largest city magazine in the United States . The magazine has reported on the effects of methamphetamine abuse in Oregon , and Enron 's usage of the electric utility in Portland . The magazine maintains a website at unk , and includes the first few paragraphs of selected articles on the site . Ted Katauskas was editor of the magazine in 2008 . Reception Writing for The Columbian , Angela Allen commented that the first issue of the magazine shows attitude and literary writing , tosses off lots of names , does a terrific fall culture calendar and digs into a couple of issues , including the Trail Blazers , but was also critical , noting Its design is crowded and the type is too small to read for most of us without wearing a pair of ' reader ' specs . Tom Boyer of The Seattle Times described the magazine as a smart mix of reader friendly features and award winning journalism . Writing in The Oregonian , Steve Duin commented that he appreciated the lists published in the magazine Because I 'm addicted to lists and the bigger the better the best part of my month is the morning that copy of Portland Monthly lands like a wounded halibut on my desk . The magazine won three awards in the City and Regional Magazine Association 's 20th Annual National City and Regional Magazine Awards in 2005 , receiving recognition in Civic Journalism , Excellence in Writing and General Excellence . The magazine was one of three companies nominated by the Oregon Entrepreneurs Forum as a finalist for Working Capital Stage Company of the Year . In 2006 Portland Monthly was a finalist for Best Overall Design of a consumer magazine , in the Folio Gold Ozzie Awards . In her 2007 book Insiders ' Guide to Portland , Oregon , author Rachel Dresbeck wrote that the magazine maintains an excellent calendar of events going on in the city . In July 2007 Nicole Vogel was a finalist among nominees for an individual entrepreneurship award from the Oregon Entrepreneurs Network .
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3,165 | After Hurricane Katrina devastated the U.S. city of New Orleans , Louisiana on August 29 , 2005 , and caused extensive damage to the New Orleans Arena , the New Orleans Hornets ( now known as the New Orleans Pelicans ) of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) were unable to play any home games there for the entire 2005 06 season . They temporarily relocated to Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , becoming the New Orleans Oklahoma City Hornets . After playing the majority of home games for both the 2005 06 and 2006 07 seasons at the Ford Center in Oklahoma City , the Hornets returned to New Orleans for the 2007 08 season . Following the success of the Hornets ' tenure in the city , the Seattle SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City for the 2008 09 season , and now compete as the Oklahoma City Thunder . Response Because of the extensive damage resulting from the hurricane , where the Hornets would play for the 2005 06 season came into question . Although the New Orleans Arena suffered only slight damage , the flooding surrounding the area made it impossible to use . With the training camp scheduled to begin on October 4 , the team announced that the first three weeks of camp would be held at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs , Colorado , instead of their usual location , unk Center in unk . Additionally the team stated that they wanted to play home games within Louisiana , at either the Pete Maravich Assembly Center or the unk in Baton Rouge . On September 3 , Hornets owner George Shinn stated that the storm would not be used as a reason to permanently relocate the franchise . By September 10 , the prospect of securing a Baton Rouge location to host the Hornets was fading as a result of the facilities being utilized for hurricane related relief operations . Numerous cities inquired about hosting the franchise for the season , including Kansas City , Louisville , Nashville , Oklahoma City and San Diego . During this period , Oklahoma City announced that it was the favored choice to serve as the temporary home of the franchise , although by mid September SMG announced that the New Orleans arena could potentially be ready for occupancy by the All Star Break . However , by late September the Hornets finalized a move to Oklahoma City , where 35 games would be played at the Ford Center , as well as six in Baton Rouge at the Pete Maravich Assembly Center . Additionally , it was announced that three of the games in March could be moved to New Orleans if the arena repairs were complete . At the same time , the NBA also announced the team would be referred to officially as the New Orleans Oklahoma City Hornets , and that the deal reached with Oklahoma City would allow for the team to return for the 2006 07 season , if necessary . Delayed return In order to allow for a full recovery of the New Orleans market in the wake of the storm , the NBA announced on January 31 , 2006 , that the Hornets would remain in Oklahoma City for the 2006 07 season and return for the 2007 08 season . The league also announced that New Orleans would play host for the 2008 All Star Game , in addition to hosting the team for six of their 41 home games during the season . Although guarantees by the league and organization indicated a return for 2007 08 , many fans in New Orleans were still skeptical of a permanent return due to the popularity of the team in Oklahoma City . Meanwhile , the Hornets opened their season in Oklahoma City with a 26 point win over the Sacramento Kings on November 1 , 2005 . They played their first game in Louisiana in a loss to the Phoenix Suns on December 21 , 2005 , and they played the first professional sports event in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina on March 8 , 2006 , where they lost to the Los Angeles Lakers . The Hornets completed the 2005 06 season by winning 38 games , tenth in the Western Conference . They became the first team since the 1974 75 Boston Celtics to play home games at four separate venues the Ford Center in Oklahoma City , the New Orleans Arena in New Orleans , the Pete Maravich Assembly Center in Baton Rouge , and the Lloyd Noble Center in Norman , Oklahoma . The Hornets had finished last in attendance in the previous season in New Orleans , but playing in Ford Center , they averaged 18 , 168 fans , a 78 increase . Referring to the fan support in Oklahoma City , Hornets star Chris Paul said that You get a feeling you 're a part of something special mayor Mick Cornett said , My expectations were lofty , but we 've exceeded them . All repair work on the New Orleans Arena was finished by March 2006 , and a new scoreboard and video displays were added during the process . In June 2006 , Shinn stated he was pleased with the ongoing recovery process in New Orleans and again reaffirmed his desire to permanently return for the 2007 08 season . However , the Hornets also announced that they were in the process of negotiating with Oklahoma City to play the 2007 08 season at the Ford Center as a contingency plan . The Hornets opened the 2006 07 season at New Orleans with a win over the Boston Celtics . They improved their final record from the previous season by one game , and again finished tenth in the Western Conference , three games out of the playoffs . Their attendance declined slightly compared to the previous season , and they finished 15th overall in attendance . The Hornets made their permanent return to New Orleans on October 31 , 2007 , when they defeated the Sacramento Kings 109 90 to open the 2007 08 season . In the following two seasons , the Hornets averaged an attendance of 15 , 574 . During the 2008 All Star Game , the NBA donated 5 million towards relief work , and staged an NBA Cares program throughout the city to help rebuilding efforts .
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3,166 | The creek whaler ( Carcharhinus fitzroyensis ) is a common species of requiem shark , and part of the family Carcharhinidae , endemic to northern Australia . It frequents shallow waters close to shore , including estuaries . This small , stocky shark usually grows to 1 . 0 1 . 3 m ( 3 . 3 4 . 3 ft ) long and is brownish in color without conspicuous fin markings . It can be identified by its long snout , large , triangular pectoral fins , and large , anteriorly positioned first dorsal fin . The diet of the creek whaler consists mainly of small teleost fishes and crustaceans . It is viviparous , with the unborn young being sustained through a placental connection . The defined mating season lasts from May to July . Females give birth to one to seven pups annually , following a gestation period of seven to 9 months . A small number of creek whalers are caught incidentally in inshore gillnets and used for food , but the effect of fishing on its population seems to be inconsequential . As a result , the IUCN has listed this species under Least Concern . Taxonomy and phylogeny The creek whaler was described by Australian ichthyologist Gilbert Percy Whitley in a 1943 volume of Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales . He assigned the new species to the subgenus unk of the genus Galeolamna , and gave it the specific epithet fitzroyensis because the type specimen , a 1 . 2 m long female , was collected from Connor 's Creek in the Fitzroy River estuary . Subsequent authors have synonymized Galeolamna with Carcharhinus . The evolutionary relationships of the creek whaler have yet to be fully resolved . In comparative morphological studies published by Jack Garrick in 1982 and Leonard Compagno in 1988 , it was tentatively placed in a grouping defined by the whitecheek shark ( C. dussumieri ) and the blackspot shark ( C. sealei ) . Shane Lavery , in a 1992 study based on allozymes , reported that this species was close to the nervous shark ( C. cautus ) and the blacktip reef shark ( C. melanopterus ) . Ximena Vlez Zuazoa and Ingi Agnarsson , in a 2011 study based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes , found it to be the basal member of a clade also containing the graceful shark ( C. amblyrhynchoides ) , the blacktip shark ( C. limbatus ) , and the Australian blacktip shark ( C. tilstoni ) . Description The body of the creek whaler is spindle shaped and rather stocky . The long snout has a narrowly parabolic shape and large nostrils preceded by small , nipple shaped flaps of skin . The eyes are circular and of medium size , and are equipped with nictitating membranes . The arched mouth has very short furrows at the corners . There are 30 upper and 28 30 lower tooth rows . The upper teeth are long and triangular with strongly serrated edges , and become increasing angled towards the sides of the jaw . The lower teeth are slender and upright with finely serrated edges . The five pairs of gill slits are short . The pectoral fins are distinctively large and triangular , with rounded to pointed tips . The large first dorsal fin originates over the rear of the pectoral fin bases . The second dorsal fin is relatively tall and long , and originates over or slightly behind the anal fin origin . There is no ridge between the dorsal fins . The anal fin is larger than the second dorsal fin . There is a crescent shaped notch on the caudal peduncle just before the origin of the upper caudal fin lobe . The asymmetrical caudal fin has a well developed lower lobe and a longer upper lobe with a ventral notch near the tip . The skin is densely covered by overlapping dermal denticles , each bearing three to five horizontal ridges leading to marginal teeth . This species is bronze to brownish gray above and pale below , and lacks an obvious lighter band on the flanks . Rarely , individuals may be light bluish gray above . It may reach 1 . 5 m ( 4 . 9 ft ) in length , though 1 . 0 1 . 3 m ( 3 . 3 4 . 3 ft ) is typical . Distribution and habitat The range of the creek whaler is restricted to northern Australia , between Gladstone in central Queensland and Cape Cuvier in Western Australia . It is a common species that inhabits estuaries and inshore waters from the intertidal zone to a depth of at least 40 m ( 130 ft ) . Biology and ecology The creek whaler feeds predominantly on small teleost fishes ( including unk breams and lizardfishes ) and crustaceans ( including penaeid prawns and mantis shrimps ) cephalopods are also infrequently consumed . Known parasites of this species include the tapeworm Callitetrarhynchus gracilis , and a nematode in the genus unk . Like other members of its family , the creek whaler is viviparous , with the developing embryos receiving nourishment from the mother through a placental connection formed from the depleted yolk sac . Females produce litters of one to seven young every year . Mating occurs between May and July , with the females storing the sperm until ovulation takes place between July and September . After a gestation period of seven to 9 months , birthing occurs between February and May of the following year . The newborns measure 35 50 cm ( 14 20 in ) long and spend their first few months of life in shallow , inshore nursery areas such as Cleveland Bay in north Queensland . Males and females attain sexual maturity at lengths of around 83 88 cm ( 33 35 in ) and 90 100 cm ( 35 39 in ) , respectively . Human interactions The creek whaler is a minor bycatch of inshore gillnet fisheries operating in northern Australia the meat is sold for human consumption . Given its relatively high reproductive rate , its population appears capable of withstanding present levels of fishing . Therefore , the IUCN has listed this species under Least Concern .
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3,167 | Charlene Marie Richard ( 13 January 1947 11 August 1959 ) was a twelve year old Roman Catholic Cajun girl residing in Richard , Louisiana , ( 30 25 18 N 92 18 46 W ) in the United States at the time of her death . Richard has become the focus of a popular belief that she is a saint a person who is in heaven who has performed a number of miracles . The Roman Catholic Church has not given any official approval or begun any processes leading towards her canonization , but local Catholic clergy and diocesan officials have permitted , promoted , and participated in the popular veneration of Richard . Life and final illness Richard was the second oldest of ten children born to Joseph Elvin and Mary Alice Richard . Adults and children who knew her considered her to be smart but otherwise unremarkable . She was a devout Catholic but no more so than was customary in the local Cajun community . Richard 's mother said , She liked sports and was always busy with something . She went to church and said her rosary , but she was just a normal little girl . In May 1959 , after reading a book about Therese of Lisieux Richard asked her grandmother whether she , too , could become a saint by praying like Therese . After reporting appearances of a tall woman in black who vanishes , and her teacher recommending that she was not herself , her mother took her to a physician . As a result , only two weeks before her death she was diagnosed with acute lymphatic leukemia and hospitalized at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Lafayette , Louisiana . At the request of her family , she was informed by the hospital chaplain , Joseph Brennan , a newly ordained Catholic priest , that she was going to die . Though the illness was painful , she remained cheerful , meekly accepted her fate , and offered up her suffering to God . Brennan was deeply impressed by her faith and visited her daily . While dying , Richard prayed for other individuals to be healed or to be converted to Catholicism . The Director of Pediatrics at the hospital , unk Crowley , a nun , also witnessed her calm acceptance of suffering and prayers for others . Brennan and Crowley claimed that those for whom Richard prayed recovered from their illnesses or became Catholic . Richard died on 11 August 1959 . Belief in Richard as saint Before her death Brennan and Crowley began telling people about Richard and Richard 's family became aware that there was a belief that she was special . Floyd Calais , a Catholic priest who was at the time the chaplain of Charity Hospital in Lafayette , was a close friend of Brennan . In 1961 , Calais began praying to Richard to be assigned to a parish . He was assigned to St. Edwards parish in Richard , Louisiana Richard 's burial place that same year . Once there , he discovered the need to raise money to build a new church there . Calais says that he was invited to retreats and recollections , and began speaking about Charlene , how she achieved grace before she died and about the need for money to build a new church in the parish . People started going to her grave , he said , and began sending checks to build the church . What I thought would take 8 10 years took 2 1 2 . As early as the late 1960s and by 1972 at the latest , prayer cards marked For Private Devotion only with a photograph of Richard , a prayer to her , and a prayer for her canonization were in circulation and xerographic copies were frequently being sent to individuals in need of help . A 1975 series of articles about Richard in the newspaper of the Lafayette diocese spread the cult and were republished in a booklet , Charlene , A Saint from Southwest Louisiana , in 1979 . Testimonials by individuals who believed that they had benefited by prayer to Richard were added and the booklet was again republished in 1988 . A widespread belief formed in the area that Richard would intercede in heaven for people 's prayers to be answered . By 1989 , the belief had spread outside the Cajun area . Hundreds of people were visiting Richard 's grave each week , which had been illuminated so visits could occur in the evening and a box had been provided in which to leave written petitions to Richard . On the thirtieth anniversary of her death that year , an outdoor mass was held there which was attended by four thousand people and which was covered by Louisiana television stations and the Cable News Network , and was reported in newspapers in Louisiana , Dallas , Houston , Miami , Orlando , Albany , and Seattle . The media coverage resulted in knowledge of Richard spreading world wide , with interest in her expressed in Yugoslavia , Croatia , Australia , and Africa . Approximately a thousand people attended anniversary masses there in both 1991 and 1999 , with about 400 attending in 2007 , and thousands come to her grave each year , including chartered buses from New Orleans . Church position No official canonization procedures have begun for Richard , though the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lafayette began collecting testimonials about reputed help obtained through her in 1991 . Unlike the traditional support for canonization of a saint , which begins with popular devotion and is only later recognized by the Church , support for Richard began outside her immediate home area and was first promoted by the clergy , beginning with Brennan , Crowley , and Calais . The bishop of the Lafayette diocese at the time of her death , Maurice Schexnayder , visited her grave multiple times and referred to her as a saint . Another bishop of the diocese , Harry Flynn , presided at the thirtieth anniversary mass in 1989 , along with sixteen other priests . The diocese also approved the creation of a private organization , the Friends of Charlene , to spread her story .
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3,168 | Held every August since 1992 , the Skeptic 's Toolbox was formed by psychologist and now retired University of Oregon professor Ray Hyman . The workshop , held over four days , focuses on making people into better critical thinkers by investigating a central theme . The attendees are broken up into groups and given tasks that they must work on together and present in front of the entire group on the last day . The Skeptic 's Toolbox is sponsored by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry . History Hyman created the Skeptic 's Toolbox in 1989 to teach people how to be better skeptics . He tells James Underdown that we were putting out more fires by skeptics than by believers ... they were going overboard . The first toolbox was in Buffalo , NY with himself , James Alcock and Steve Shaw ( now called Banachek ) . With the exception of one year when the toolbox was held in Boulder , Colorado , the toolbox has been held at the University of Oregon in Eugene . In general , the faculty likes to keep the numbers at about 90 in order to give everyone personalized attention , and allow everyone the chance to participate . At the 1993 Toolbox , More than a hundred people participated , from 19 states , Canada , and Hong Kong , and their enthusiasm continued to grow with each passing day , ending on the fifth day with what appeared to be a unanimous ' If only we had more time ' . In 1997 Skeptical Inquirer Magazine announced that CFI would begin offering an academic certificate for students in a three year program . Students needed to complete 30 units in academic work as well as in workshops . The two certificates offered were Humanistic Studies and Science and the Paranormal , attending The Skeptic 's Toolbox would satisfy one of the workshop requirements . Methodology and focus While critical thinking is the overall focus , lectures designed around the theme focus on the specialties of the faculty . A reporter for the Register Guard attended the 2003 toolbox and wrote of his experience hearing lectures on post traumatic stress syndrome , graphology , repressed memory court cases , communication with the dead , healing through prayer , traditional Chinese medicine and psychic dogs . All that and Jerry Andrus 's display of optical illusions too . The goal of the Toolbox is to help skeptics add to their arsenal of tools and techniques with which to both guard against deception and properly evaluate paranormal claims . Learning how to communicate with believers is also considered important Skeptics search for truths , believers tend to want validation of their experiences . Getting the skeptical message across to believers was a focus at the 1993 event . Faculty felt that non skeptics might be more receptive if attendees understood how they were perceived by others . Many people view skeptics as die hard cynics and unk , even as enemies of free speech . unk often hear only the COP in CSICOP . In 2010 , interviewed by D. J. unk , Hyman explained , give people the tools to think , help them to become better thinkers . Mentalist Bob Fellows performed at the second conference and told the audience , The effect ( of a magic trick ) on audiences who ( believe the trick is real magic ) can be enormously powerful . And when deceit is involved , they can be potentially harmful as well . Hyman felt that it was necessary to teach attendees with a case based approach ... concrete examples as a first step toward extracting broad examples ... ( giving ) the benefit of context to the learning experience . Faculty of the Toolbox Loren unk A founding faculty member of the Skeptic 's Toolbox , unk explained to Harriet Hall , about the beginnings of the Toolbox , Ray Hyman , Jerry Andrus and I were meeting together once a month or so and we decided that maybe the three of us could put a Toolbox together . Barry Beyerstein One of the many enjoyable tasks I undertake for CSICOP is to lecture in Ray Hyman 's annual summer workshop at the University of Oregon . Not only is it the towering presence of Ray himself , and the joy of observing the sheer brainpower of my fellow faculty at work , it is also the people , literally from around the world , who enroll in this and other CSICOP functions that keep me from suffering that occupational hazard ' skeptic 's burnout . ' They are a remarkable lot , genuinely nice people committed to critical thinking and leaving the place a bit better than they found it . They make me very pleased that my fate was to become a skeptical inquirer . Harriet Hall Prior to attending the Toolbox as a student , Hall had been a passive skeptic , I hadn 't done any writing ... Ray Hyman and Wally Sampson encouraged me to try my hand at writing , one thing led to another and now I 'm on the faculty of the Skeptic 's Toolbox . Lindsay Beyerstein She started attending the Skeptic 's Toolbox when she was 14 her father Barry Beyerstein strongly influenced her involvement in the skeptical movement . It 's sorta funny , the skeptics ' movement is now finally old enough , it 's like Scientology , we have second gen She recounts , I was always involved with my Dad in skeptical meetings ... We would have family newsletter stuffing nights ( for the BC Skeptics ) . instead of hiring babysitters her father would take Lindsay to his media interviews . Does Satanic music cause suicide Out of body experiences ... it was always something new and different . James Alcock Ray and I and a magician by the name of Steve Shaw , now known as Banachek did the very first Toolbox in Buffalo ... a little while later Ray asked me if I could come out here to this group . Ray stated It took a long while to get Jim out here , but finally we managed it . Other Gallery of photos
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3,169 | Hurricane Cora was the first tropical cyclone of the 1978 Atlantic hurricane season to reach hurricane strength . Forming from a disturbance that exited the African coast on August 7 , the storm moved at an unusually high forward speed for a cyclone in the Atlantic Ocean in August . The storm later reached hurricane strength and formed a well defined eye that lasted only 12 hours before the eye rapidly lost organization for unknown reasons , though the post season report on the storm mentions the possibility that its high speed caused the eye to dissipate . The storm moved west southwestward , weakening before making landfall on the island of Grenada . The storm lost its circulation and became a tropical wave on August 12 . The remnant crossed over Central America into the Pacific Ocean , where it reintensified , becoming Hurricane Kristy . Cora was an unusual cyclone , maintaining an unusually low latitude for the Atlantic in August at high speeds , similar to the tracks of Tropical Storm Alma in 1974 and Tropical Storm Fran in 1990 . The hurricane was also upgraded into a hurricane based solely on satellite photography , the second time this occurred . Although it passed through the Windward Islands and the Lesser Antilles , only minor effects were reported . Cora was also responsible for altering weather conditions allowing for a takeoff of the historical flight of the Double Eagle II hot air balloon . Meteorological history In early August , a disturbance was observed in satellite images moving off the coast of Africa on August 4 . Moving westward along the Intertropical Convergence Zone at a forward speed of roughly 20 mph ( 32 km h ) , the disturbance showed no signs of development until a cloud mass broke away from the ITCZ on August 6 . The separated mass began rapidly organizing , becoming Tropical Depression Three late on August 7 . The tropical depression continued to gain organization and was upgraded to a tropical storm on August 8 , receiving the name Cora . The newly named tropical storm continued to grow , reaching hurricane strength later that day after developing a well defined eye , peaking early on August 9 with 90 mph ( 140 km h ) winds , a minimum pressure of 980 mbar , and gale force winds extending 100 mi ( 160 km ) from the center . The hurricane began to shift into a west southwest track while moving at 23 mph ( 37 km h ) . The hurricane would continue in this direction throughout its lifespan . Only 12 hours after forming , the eye rapidly dissipated on satellite imagery for unknown reasons , although the hurricane 's high forward speed may have played a part . After becoming disorganized , a Hurricane Hunter aircraft the first one to fly in the storm reported that the cyclone had winds of only 65 mph ( 105 km h ) , the highest winds recorded in the storm . After the report , Cora was downgraded into a tropical storm early on August 10 . The dissipating storm continued on , striking the island of Grenada on August 11 as it weakened into a tropical depression . On August 12 , the depression weakened into a tropical wave near Aruba due to continental influence despite atmospheric conditions being favorable for development . The wave was notable in that it was almost completely devoid of any cloudiness or convection . The remnants of Cora crossed Central America and uneventfully continued westward until August 18 , when its remains contributed to the formation of Hurricane Kristy . Impact , records , and naming While passing through the Lesser Antilles , reports of squalls with wind speeds of 45 mph ( 72 km h ) were received from St. Lucia and Barbados . Rain was also reported , but totals were not large due to the storm 's quick passage . One death was attributed to Cora on St. Lucia when a 22 year old stepped on a high tension power line that was downed by the winds from the storm in Castries . In addition , an industry on the island reported tree losses of two to four percent from the storm . No reports of damage were received from the other Windward Islands and damage on Grenada , if any , is unknown . Although it remained far to the south , Hurricane Cora affected weather conditions that reached as far north as Presque Isle , Maine , where balloonists Ben Abruzzo , Maxie Anderson , and Larry Newman were preparing to make the first ever transatlantic balloon flight on the Double Eagle II . The winds created by Cora 's influence would give the hot air balloon the northerly push required for takeoff according to Anderson . After six days , the Double Eagle II completed the flight , landing near unk , France . Cora also affected another record attempt when swimmer Diana unk was delayed due to the hurricane 's influence . The planned marathon swimming record attempt was for her to swim from Cuba to Florida , a total of 103 mi ( 166 km ) . The record attempt ultimately failed after 42 hours . According to the preliminary report on the hurricane , neither track forecasts or intensity forecasts panned out for the storm . The track forecasts called for a path more northward than the actual track whereas following the development of the eye , intensity forecasts called for further strengthening until it became clear the cyclone was weakening . When it was upgraded to a hurricane on August 8 , Cora became the second hurricane to have been upgraded to that intensity based solely on satellite presentation after 1975 's Hurricane Doris . The hurricane was also the second of three storms in the season to reform or be reclassified as East Pacific storms . The other two were Tropical Storm Bess ( which became Hurricane Iva ) , and Hurricane Greta Olivia . Of these , only Greta maintained its circulation over land . This was the only time an Atlantic hurricane was named Cora .
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3,170 | Plastic Brit , or Plastic Briton , is a pejorative term used to describe athletes who choose to represent Great Britain in international sport despite having personal connections to another country . Some media critics believe it undermines the purpose of international sport for the purpose of medals . The term came into popular use in 2012 when it was reported that 61 out of 542 ( 11 ) of the British Olympic team had been born abroad . History and use The term Plastic Brit is derived from Plastic Paddy , which is used to describe people who claim to be Irish despite not residing in that country . While the concept gained the British media 's attention in the run up to the 2012 Summer Olympics , it had also been used in describing members of other British sporting teams . England 's cricket team had a perceived problem of having too many foreign born players . The England and Wales Cricket Board responded to the issue by lengthening the residency period before a foreign player can be accepted to play for England to seven years . The term was popularised in the United Kingdom through its usage in the Daily Mail newspaper to describe athletes born outside the UK who had been selected to represent Great Britain at the London 2012 Summer Olympics . The term originally had foundations from South African born Zola Budd having her British citizenship application fast tracked in order to represent Great Britain at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles . Several athletes have been described by the press as Plastic Brits . Tiffany Porter was selected as the captain of Great Britain 's athletics team at the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships despite being born in the United States . She was described as a Plastic Brit in the media for refusing to recite the words of the British national anthem , God Save the Queen , at a press conference . After Porter broke the British record for the 100 metres hurdles , the previous record holder Angela Thorp said that she felt devastated that Porter had broken her record because she had expected Jessica Ennis to break it . The term was used to describe a number of amateur wrestlers such as unk unk and Yana unk who had not been born in the UK and had been given British citizenship . Only one wrestler had competed for Great Britain at the 2012 Olympics , Ukrainian born Olga unk . British Wrestling had the majority of its host nation berths removed by the British Olympic Association because of British Wrestling 's failing to reach set performance targets . The term Plastic Brit was also used when there were calls for Arsenal 's Spanish goalkeeper Manuel Almunia to play for the England national football team in 2009 . It was argued by some newspaper reporters that selecting athletes born outside of the UK was discriminatory against British born athletes and was against the spirit of the Olympics . In 2012 , the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) imposed a mandatory three year waiting period before athletes could compete in the Olympics for another country . In response , International Olympic Committee chairman Jacques Rogge said , Then there are cases where there is support for athletes competing for other countries but they go because there is a bigger gain for the athlete in another country . Legally we can 't stop it but it doesn 't mean we love it . In 2015 , the term was also erroneously levelled at sprinter unk Hughes by some newspapers despite Hughes having British citizenship by virtue of being born in Anguilla , a British Overseas Territory without IOC recognition . Criticism The term Plastic Brit has been criticised in British media . The Daily Telegraph suggested that fans overlook athletes ' places of birth if they perform well for Great Britain or England . The Guardian newspaper criticised the Daily Mail 's usage of the term , saying that the definition of a Plastic Brit was inconsistent and that under some definitions , some British born athletes such as Ryan Giggs would be classed as Plastic Brits for failing to sing God Save the Queen . The Daily Mirror newspaper also said that the Daily Mail , along with other newspapers , had supported the selection of Zola Budd to represent Great Britain at the 1984 Olympic Games . The Independent newspaper said that a third of Great Britain 's gold medal winners at the Olympics and Paralympic games had a non British parent or had been born outside of the UK . A number of athletes were also critical of the term . Triple jumper unk unk , who had been described as a Plastic Brit , openly criticised the term in an article in The Guardian newspaper . She said , I have lived in this country for 11 years , I am married to a British man , I have British children , I train under a British coach , at a British club . This is my home . What are they talking about . She also said that a number of other athletes , including Farah and Kevin Pietersen who had represented Great Britain and the England cricket team respectively had not been born in the United Kingdom but were not branded as Plastic Brits . Marathon runner Paula Radcliffe also criticised the term , asking for Great Britain supporters at the Olympics to support every athlete representing Great Britain , regardless of their countries of origin . Long distance runner Mo Farah , when asked by a journalist if he should run for Somalia , said , Look mate , this is my country . This is where I grew up , this is where I started life . This is my country and when I put on my Great Britain vest I 'm proud . I 'm very proud . Was the Mail listening Fijian born Paralympic discus thrower Derek unk said in the Evening Standard that he was a Titanium Brit after he lost his legs in an explosion while serving with the British Army .
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3,171 | Golden Retriever is a song by Super Furry Animals . It was the first single to be issued from the album Phantom Power and reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart on its release in July 2003 . The song is about the relationship between singer Gruff Rhys 's girlfriend 's two dogs and was written in the same key , with the same guitar tuning and around the same time as several other songs from Phantom Power . Critical reaction to the track was generally positive with many reviewers commenting on its catchiness and glam rock style . A Jake Jim directed music video was produced to accompany the song 's release as a single featuring the band dressed as yetis . A Killa Kela remix of Golden Retriever appears on the album Phantom Phorce and the DVD release of Phantom Power . Recording and themes Golden Retriever is about the relationship between Gruff Rhys 's girlfriend 's two dogs a male and a female . Rhys has stated that the road sign and driving theory vocabulary that he had to absorb when he passed his driving test a few years before he wrote Golden Retriever found its way into the songs lyrics which are a parody of the blues . The song shares the same key , D major , the same guitar tuning , D A D D A D , and was written around the same time as several other songs from Phantom Power including the Father Father instrumentals , Hello Sunshine , Cityscape Skybaby and Out of Control . Golden Retriever was recorded at the Super Furry Animals ' own studio in Cardiff along with the rest of Phantom Power . Musical structure Golden Retriever is 2 minutes 28 seconds long and is in the key of D major . The track begins with a descending riff on acoustic guitar before the band joins on 2 seconds with an electric guitar playing a three note riff ( D , F and G ) through a fuzz pedal . The first verse follows on 9 seconds with Gruff Rhys singing about meeting The Devil at a roundabout . The first chorus enters at 24 seconds with Rhys being joined by falsetto harmony backing vocals and a distorted electric guitar playing chords rather than single notes . A breakdown verse follows , leading into the extended second chorus which features shouted backing vocals chanting the song 's title . The outro begins at 1 minute 55 seconds , with lead guitar lines and heavy drums , featuring flanging , bringing the track to a climax . Alternative version A Killa Kela remix of Golden Retriever is included on the DVD version of Phantom Power and the album Phantom Phorce . Largely dispensing with the track 's instrumental backing ( apart from distant bass and occasional acoustic guitar ) the remix features Kela 's beatboxing alongside Rhys 's lead vocal and follows the arrangement of the original . The track is 2 minutes 33 seconds long and ends with a brief clip of the band 's road manager , in the guise of ' Kurt Stern ' , lamenting the fact that this perfect rocking track is simply about a dog . Critical response Critical reaction to Golden Retriever was generally positive and many reviewers commented on the track 's glam rock style PopMatters described the track as a fun blast of glam rock , the NME called it an irresistibly catchy ... glam stomper , and The Guardian stated that the unhinged glammy romp cannot be faulted . The track was also described as being a parody of Robert Johnson type blues by Entertainment Weekly and a brilliantly catchy anthem by Angry Ape . Several critics noted the goofy and silly nature of the song , with comparisons made between Golden Retriever and both the Doctor Who theme music and The KLF 's unk ' the unk . Some criticism was leveled at the song for being too Radio 1 friendly and for simply being more of the same from the band . In a 2006 feature on the Super Furry Animals ' back catalogue Incendiary Magazine went as far as to call the track hogwash . Accolades Music video The music video was directed by Jake Jim and grew from an idea the band had to record a video in Iceland at the start of 2003 which didn 't come off . The video begins with a close up of a cardboard box featuring a logo of two apples with the title ' Golden ' . The band is shown playing along to Golden Retriever inside the box with Gruff Rhys wearing a red sports visor . Bassist Guto Pryce and keyboardist Cian Ciaran are both sat on unk with guitars on their laps which they are not playing . As the chorus begins the band transform into yetis and all begin playing Golden Retriever , several members headbanging in time with the track . The group wear their regular clothes for the second verse before the yeti costumes reappear for the second chorus . As the video ends the camera zooms out to show a Golden Retriever approach the box in an alleyway . The Super Furries raise their hands in the air and look up at the dog who then urinates on the box and runs away . In an interview with BBC Manchester , drummer Dafydd Ieuan stated that , although he finds the video fun to watch , it was hard work to make because the yeti costumes were very heavy and incredibly hot . The band took the suits on tour with them but only wore them for the last two minutes of concerts because they were so warm . The video appears on the DVD release of the band 's greatest hits album Songbook The Singles , Vol . 1 . Single track listing All songs by Super Furry Animals . Digipak CD ( unk ) , 7 ( unk ) Golden Retriever 2 28 Summer Snow 2 30 Blue Fruit 4 43 DVD ( unk ) Golden Retriever ( Video ) 2 28 Summer Snow 2 30 Blue Fruit 4 43 Personnel Gruff Rhys vocals Huw Bunford guitar Guto Pryce bass guitar Cian Ciaran keyboards Dafydd Ieuan drums Rachel Thomas backing vocals Singles chart positions
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3,172 | Chris Field is a Los Angeles based singer songwriter , composer , and musician . He was raised in the San Fernando Valley , and played guitar in Los Angeles for groups among multiple genres including electric guitar , jazz , and rock music . He learned how to compose music by inputting compositions from Ludwig van Beethoven and Sergei Prokofiev into his computer . Through his music associates , he became acquainted with two friends who started X Ray Dog , and he began to contribute musical compositions to this company . Field also works with Extreme Music , and through them , Field 's music has been placed in numerous television shows . In December 2014 , a part of Field 's catalogue was acquired by BMG Chrysalis . Chris Field is the writer of the composition , Gothic Power , which developed an international cult following . Field 's work as a musical composer for movie theatrical trailers has included Alice In Wonderland , X Men , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , XXX , Austin Powers in Goldmember , Terminator 3 Rise of the Machines , Hotel Rwanda , Kinsey , Pirates of the Caribbean The Curse of the Black Pearl , Pirates of the Caribbean Dead Man 's Chest , and The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring . His first contribution to a film trailer was for the The Full Monty . Gothic Power was the main theme for the trailer for The Lord of the Rings film series this was later used as a trailer for a film within a film in a sequence for Ben Stiller 's movie Tropic Thunder . In 2014 , Field 's piece Acts of Courage was released on the album , This Is Epic Music , Volume I , through unk Records , on iTunes and physical cd . The album notes state that the piece Gothic Power , written by Field in 1999 , started a new direction in cinematic music that came to be identified as epic music . Field released his second album Personal Elegy , a rock album , in 2015 . The title track is a elegy for the passing of actor Heath Ledger . Field released his debut album , Sub Conscious , in 2006 it was made available on iTunes , CD Baby , Amazon.com , and for retail sale . It received a positive reception , and his song Floating from the album reached spot number eight in the New Age genre for iTunes in Luxembourg on July 7 , 2011 . Early life and family Field was raised in the San Fernando Valley . He played guitar in Los Angeles for a period of time as a young man . He contributed to productions including electric guitar , jazz , and rock music . He acquired his first computer about 1998 , wherein he began to learn musical composition and production . He experimented by taking compositions from Ludwig van Beethoven and Sergei Prokofiev , and inputting them electronically into his computer . He noted in a 2006 interview that his wife Katie O 'Brien Field helped with promotion of his music . Career Film trailers He met associate Mitch unk through his guitar playing , and was introduced to Tim unk . unk and unk started X Ray Dog and he started contributing musical composition through work with this firm . Field has worked as a composer for theatrical trailers for films . His trailer musical composition work has included films such as X Men , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , XXX , Austin Powers in Goldmember , Terminator 3 Rise of the Machines , Hotel Rwanda , Kinsey , Pirates of the Caribbean The Curse of the Black Pearl , Pirates of the Caribbean Dead Man 's Chest , and The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring . His first musical composition for a movie trailer was for the film The Full Monty he worked on this piece with friend Mark Griskey who was a fellow composer at X Ray Dog . Field explained his thought process on the film trailer A trailer , is like a one minute or whatever , mini movie that 's got to have its own feeling and form to it trailer music is very intense and gets right to the point . It sounds simple , but it 's taken me some years to really figure out . I call it ' rock and roll orchestra ' because it 's got orchestral elements and , sometimes , a choir , but it also has a lot of rock elements like the drive , the drums and the way it just builds and builds . His musical composition piece Gothic Power was used in trailers for The Lord of the Rings film series . The debut of the first trailer in theaters was quite popular with fans . Subsequently the piece was utilized by Ben Stiller in a fictional movie trailer for a film within a film in Tropic Thunder . He composed a piece called The Vision which incorporated string music it was utilized for the end of the trailer for the 2007 film Atonement . Solo artist Field released his second album , Personal Elegy , in 2015 . Field released his debut album , Sub Conscious , in 2006 . It featured orchestral music from the Northwest Sinfonia . He created the album as a way to branch out from theatrical trailer composition into work as a solo artist . Field utilizes Logic Pro and MIDI for his musical composition after this process he delivers these files along with an MP3 to the individual in charge of orchestration , who uses Finale software to convert this to musical notation . The album was made available on iTunes , CD Baby , Amazon.com , and for retail sale . The album received a positive review from Jamie Bonk of unk , who commented As far as debut albums are concerned , composer producer multi instrumentalist Chris Field 's Sub Conscious is an outstanding record great compositions and arrangements , first rate performances and most importantly a defined point of view . Discography Track listing All music composed by Chris Field . Filmography The following is a complete list of music Field has composed . Film Video games
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3,173 | Rosemary Edna Sinclair ( born 17 November 1936 ) , also known as Rosemary Fenton , is an Australian environmental and children 's rights activist . She is involved in administrative approach related to developmental actions . She won the title of Miss Australia in 1960 . She has held many key posts at Telecom Australia . In 2002 , she was represented on the Broadband Advisory Group of Federal Government and was also a delegate to the United Nations Special Session on Children ( New York ) . In November 1988 , in association with Christine Stewart , she founded the National Association for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect ( unk ) to fully address issues related to child abuse . She also works as the Managing Director of the Australian Telecommunications ( unk ) . Early life and education Rosemary Fenton was born on Lord Howe Island on 17 November 1936 . Her father , Stanley Fenton , worked as a radio operator at the Civil Aviation Department on the island . Her schooling until matriculation was at the Presbyterian Ladies ' College , Sydney , a boarding school . She also did a course in nursing . When her mother died in 1952 , she returned to Lord Howe Island to look after her father and two younger siblings , brother Stan and sister Robyn . While she had left the island to attend secondary school , she used to come home twice a year . Her paintings adorned the walls of her father 's house . Sinclair wanted to compete for the Miss Australia beauty contest . As she lived on the island keeping house for her family , she stitched her own clothes on the basis of a catalog she had obtained from Sydney . She tried these clothes on her younger 12 year old sister Robyn as a model . She won the Miss Australia title in November 1960 and was very modest about winning the crown . She then went on a prize winning tour of Hong Kong , Tokyo , Honolulu , San Francisco , and many other places . Thereafter , she worked as a model . She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Arts , Law , and Business and a Master 's Degree ( MA ) in Commerce . Career Sinclair took up the environmental cause of her birthplace , the Lord Howe Island , in 1982 , when it was listed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site . Though the islanders were pleased with the heritage status accorded to the island , Sinclair was unhappy with many of the planning and management actions initiated by the Government of Australia to conserve the newly accorded heritage status , as it affected the basic rights of the islanders . Her objections were to the cutting of pine trees planted in the 19th century she considered these trees ( though not indigenous ) as part of the island 's heritage . When the trees were being felled she threatened to lie down between the trees to stop the tree cutters . Her argument was that the trees added to the aesthetic beauty of the island . She also objected to the neglect of maintenance of embankments that were built to extend the airport on the island , as the embankments were eroding . She objected to the garbage that was being dumped in the lagoon of the island as it was causing health hazards . The management plan proposed by the government to preserve the island 's heritage status envisaged restricting the tourist accommodation to about 400 and limiting the number of cars on the island to 100 , which she objected for the reason that it was limiting the opportunities to the islanders who had lived there for many years . Another of her protests was on the creation of an aquatic reserve in a part of the island . She considered this action as detrimental to the fishing rights of the local people who had fished in the area for several years . All her objections resulted in the Ministry of Planning and Environment agreeing to address the issues she had raised . In 1967 , she worked in the Prime Minister 's Department and dealt with public relations and facilitated the Montreal Expo . In 1980 , Sinclair became Managing Director of Australian Telecommunications Users Group ( unk ) , an NGO dedicated to protecting the rights of product users in Australia in the field of telecommunications . Affiliations and memberships Some of the key executive posts Sinclair has held are in the Telecom Australia as National General Manager Communications Industry Accounts Director , Strategic Development at the ABC and as Director , Education , New Media and Export at Scholastic Australia . In 2002 , she was represented on the Federal Government 's Broadband Advisory Group . She is also a member of the Government 's Australian Communications Industry Forum ( unk ) , the Australian unk Advisory Committee ( ATAC ) , unk Task Force , the National ICT Industry Alliance and the Working Group of the Broadband for Health Program . Sinclair is a represented on the International Telecommunications Working Group ( unk ) Executive Committee . She is the Vice Chairman of unk Asia Pacific Region . In 1976 , Sinclair took up the cause of child abuse and since then she has pursued the issue with dedication , even though she has been criticized for not raising the issues related to women in general outside the limits of the house . On child abuse her refrain is But there are no political boundaries for child abuse . It knows no socio economic boundaries , either . There is an increasing community awareness of its cost to children and to society as a whole and that something can be done . Personal life She married Ian Sinclair on Valentine 's Day 1970 he later became the Deputy leader of the Federal opposition and leader of the National Party of Australia . She was Ian 's second wife and inherited his first wife 's three children aged 8 to 12 . In 1972 , she and Ian Sinclair had a son , Andrew . She has authored many cookbooks .
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3,174 | The Roger Mowry Tavern , also known variously as the Roger Mowry House , Olney House and Abbott House , was a historic stone ender house , built around 1653 , in Providence , Rhode Island . Roger Mowry was a constable and operated the only tavern in the town . The tavern also served as a government meeting place , church , and jail . It was originally constructed as a one and a half story single room house with a chamber upstairs . By 1711 the house was expanded with a two story lean to by 1711 . At unknown later date , the top of the roof of the original house was raised up further . The original portion of the house was restored by Norman Isham by 1895 . The Roger Mowry Tavern was the oldest house in Providence until it was demolished in 1900 . Roger Mowry The first American records of Roger Mowry appear in Boston , Massachusetts . On May 18 , 1631 , a document stated Mowry 's desire to be a freeman . Mowry would move to Plymouth , Massachusetts and later Salem , Massachusetts before arriving in Providence , Rhode Island . Mowry lived in Salem between 1636 and 1649 , with his wife Mary , the eldest daughter of John Johnson of Roxbury . In 1637 , Mowry acquired 50 acres ( 0 . 20 km2 ) of land some two miles from the Salem settlement and built his house on the lot which was to be the corner of Essex and Flint Street . About 1653 , Mowry constructed a house which would come to be known as the Roger Mowry Tavern . In 1655 , Mowry became a freeman in Providence and resided there until his death on January 5 , 1666 . Records show that Roger Mowry was the unk and constable . A family monument lists Mowry as having twelve children , with one child , Benjamin , reportedly having been found and baptized by Mowry . Design The original architect of the Roger Mowry Tavern is not known for certain . Robert A. unk 's book Historic Taverns of Rhode Island suggests it may have been the work of William Carpenter and the mason John Smith . The original house began as a one and a half story stone ender with a single 16 feet ( 4 . 9 m ) by roughly 17 feet ( 5 . 2 m ) fire room . Running lengthwise across the middle of the room is a large summer beam . On the right side of the fireplace was the stairs or ladder that lead to the upstairs chamber . At an unknown date , the roof of the original house was extended higher , as evidenced by the original beams ending about 3 feet ( 0 . 91 m ) above the floor . By 1711 , the house had a two story lean to . By the late 19th century the house had been greatly altered , but the original structure was restored by Robert Isham . Isham found and restored the house , which still featured the original posts and beams . The large fireplace remained intact , but was concealed behind a unk and closet , that was itself behind a stove . The result was that stone fireplace was completely concealed prior to restoration . Less than a decade later after Isham restored the original part of the house , the whole structure was demolished . History Roger Mowry was licensed to operate a house of entertainment in May 1655 . The tavern may have been a contributing reason for the passage of a law that mandated no alcoholic drinks be served after 9 p.m. under penalty of a fine , unless a satisfactory reason was given to the constable or magistrate . Roger Mowry 's Tavern was reportedly the site of civil rally to free a man taken prisoner by a Massachusetts constable . The constable , whose intention was to extradite his prisoner back to Massachusetts for prosecution was staying at the nearby Roger Pray 's tavern when concerned citizens gathered at Mowry 's tavern . The citizens summoned the town council , and a messenger was sent to the Massachusetts constable to demand by what authority he held his prisoner . The end result was the release of the prisoner . Another story surrounding the tavern was the murder of John Clawson , a Dutch carpenter , who was found dying one December morning in 1661 . A native Indian , unk , was charged with the crime and held at Mowry 's tavern until the matter could be resolved , but it is unknown what fate befell unk . According to locals , Clawson was roused and accused his neighbor , unk , for his murder . Clawson then cursed the family before dying . The house was also reported to have been used by the Town Council for meetings , with a record of payment in 1657 from the Town Treasurer . Upon Mowry 's death , his wife retained the house until selling it to Stephen Paine on September 5 , 1671 . Paine conveyed it to Samuel Whipple who resided in the house until his death in 1711 . Upon his death the house was recorded as having a two story lean to . Whipple transferred the property to his wife and upon her death , which passed to their daughters Abigail and Hope Whipple . Hope Whipple would marry Robert Currie and upon her death , Robert Currie would marry her sister Abigail Whipple , and upon her death fell to Robert Currie 's ownership . In 1737 , Currie sold the house to William Smith , Job Whipple and John Whipple . It remained in the Whipple family until 1761 when it was sold to Captain Joseph Owen . The house would take its final name , the Abbott House , from Thomas Abbott who married Joseph Owen 's daughter and resided in the house until his death in 1826 . The Mowry Tavern was allegedly one of only five buildings not burned by the Indians during King Philip 's War . It is believed that it was spared because Roger Williams , a friend of the Indians , held Christian worship services in the building . The house was located on Abbott Street adjacent to the North Burial Ground . The entire structure was demolished in 1900 to construct a triple decker tenement house . At the time of its demolition , it was the oldest house in Providence . Gallery
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3,175 | Young Blood is a song by English recording artist Sophie Ellis Bextor from her fifth studio album Wanderlust ( 2014 ) . The song was released as the album 's lead single on 21 November 2013 . It was co written by Ed Harcourt and Ellis Bextor the former also produced it . The song is a chamber pop piano ballad , which features instrumentation from subdued drums and various string instruments . In the track , Ellis Bextor sings with restrain , incorporating a low register in the verses and hitting her highest note in the chorus . A demo version of the track was offered online in March 2013 . Young Blood received mostly positive reviews from music critics , who complimented Ellis Bextor 's vocals and the song 's tenderness . The song became her first single to enter the UK Singles Chart since her 2011 single Bittersweet . On its component UK Indie chart , the track peaked within the top five . Sophie Muller was commissioned to direct its video , which shows Ellis Bextor on a pier and inside a living room . The song was performed on some television programmes in the United Kingdom . Composition As with the rest of Wanderlust , Young Blood was composed by the English musician Ed Harcourt , with additional songwriting from Ellis Bextor . It was recorded at the State of the Ark studios , mixed and engineered by Richard unk , and mastered by Miles Showell . It is a chamber pop piano ballad , with a viola , a violin , muffled drums , a cello and a double bass . According to the sheet music published by Universal Music , it is set in a tempo of 60 beats per minute . It is written in the key of F major , and its verses follow the chord progression B unk F. The song begins with a gentle piano melody , transitioning into Ellis Bextor 's sung section . During the verses of the song , she sings in a low register , reaching her lowest note of F4 conversely , in the chorus , her voice reaches C6 and trembles . Throughout the song , her vocals are restrained and incorporate the melisma technique . The bridge of the song features choral harmonies . The song 's lyrics are written in first and second person narrative , following the common verse chorus form . According to Ludovic Hunter Tilney from Financial Times , the track discusses the joys of growing old with one 's spouse . Reception For Time Out magazine , Clare Considine described Young Blood as a delicate love song and opined that the strings and piano melodies effectively complement Ellis Bextor 's vocals . Michael Cragg of The Guardian stated that the song 's sonority fits Ellis Bextor like a glove , and also deemed its melody gorgeous . James Gareth from Clash characterised the song as sincerely beautiful , and Digital Spy 's Robert Copsey agreed , calling it doe eyed and fantastically pretty . From Virgin Media , Matthew Horton called the track heart stinging , while Hermoine Hoby , writing for The Observer considered that the song is surprisingly successfully similar to the works of Adele . Sam Lansky of Idolator complimented the song for being beautiful and timeless . Louise Bruton from The Irish Times wrote that Ellis Bextor 's icy vocals forgive d the blunders of Wanderlust , while musicOMH 's Kate Bennett provided a polarized review for the song . Although she praised Ellis Bextor 's vocals , Bennett described the track as heroine gazing forlornly into the distance due to its instrumentation . David Farrell , writing on behalf of PopMatters , commented that Young Blood was the best of the album and highlighted Ellis Bextor 's vocal performance . The song only charted in the United Kingdom . Reaching number 34 on its singles chart , the song became Ellis Bextor 's first to enter the chart since Bittersweet , which was released in 2010 and peaked at 25 . Young Blood spent three weeks on the chart , and as of January 2014 , it is her fifteenth best selling song in the country . On the UK Indie chart , the track reached number 3 . Release and promotion A demo version of Young Blood was released on 27 March 2013 , as a complimentary download on Ellis Bextor 's website . Selected as the lead single of Wanderlust , the song was released as a standalone digital download on 21 November of that year . A CD single of the track was sent to radio stations in that month , including the album version of it as well as a radio edit the song was eventually playlisted by hot adult contemporary UK station BBC Radio 2 . Ellis Bextor revealed that she chose Young Blood as the first single from Wanderlust because she found it representative of the album 's sound . The official music video of Young Blood was filmed by Sophie Muller , and released on 25 November 2013 . It mostly depicts Ellis Bextor , dressed in a striped dress , lip synching the song 's lyrics , walking through an abandoned pier in terrible weather . Those scenes are interspersed with clips of her sat on a red sofa , wearing a buttoned up , Victorian styled lace dress inside a lounge room . Writing for Idolator , Mike Wass characterised the visual as simple , noting that it is adequate for the song 's tone . On 9 April 2014 , Ellis Bextor performed Young Blood on ITV 's morning programme Daybreak fifteen days later , she sang it on the first episode of the channel 's Weekend , aired on 26 April 2014 . She performed the song in an unplugged setting on ZDF unk , a programme of German channel ZDF , on 23 January 2014 . Track listing Promotional CD single Details adapted from the liner notes of the Young Blood promotional CD single . Young Blood ( Radio edit ) 3 45 Young Blood 4 28 Digital download Young Blood 4 28 Credits and personnel Weekly charts Release history
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3,176 | The Broadway Hollywood Building ( sometimes Broadway Building or Broadway Department Store Building ) is a building in Los Angeles ' Hollywood district . The building is situated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame monument area on the southwest corner of the intersection referred to as Hollywood and Vine , marking the intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street . It was originally built as the B. H. Dyas Building in 1927 . The Broadway Hollywood Building is referred to by both its main address of 6300 Hollywood Boulevard and its side address of 1645 Vine Street . The Broadway Hollywood Building is a contributing property to the National Register of Historic Places U.S. Historic District listed Hollywood Boulevard Commercial and Entertainment District . It has been listed as both a historic district contributing property and individually registered historic property by the city of Los Angeles and the state of California . The building has a neon sign above it that is considered notable and historic . The Broadway Hollywood Building was built as a department store , but has been refurbished as both commercial office space and as its current form of residential condominiums . For several decades it hosted The Broadway . The building had an annex built to the west in 1939 and is also associated with the address unk Hollywood Boulevard . As a residential building , the building 's units have had numerous famous owners . Details Although several sources describe the building as a ten story building , the building is described as a nine story building in the Hollywood Boulevard 1985 National Register of Historic Places nomination form . Atop the ten story building is a two story penthouse that serves as the base for the metal neon sign that says The Broadway Hollywood . The original department store was designed by Frederick Rice Dorn in 1927 and its annex was designed by local architects John Parkinson and Donald B. Parkinson in 1938 . It was originally built in the neoclassical architecture style from reinforced concrete with brick upper stories that , along with the street level , include the bulk of the detailing . Notable details include a classical entablature surmounts pilasters with Corinthian capitals , which result in what is described as a colonnade effect , which is repeated in the upper stories . The building is capped with a heavy cornice . The structure 's highly ornamented facade includes decorative cornices and terra cotta pilasters . The top two stories has Corinthian styled columns situated upon a projecting unk . Although sources describe the annex as eight storeys , the nomination calls it a six story International Style addition . It is noted for banded windows and simple exterior . By the time of the nomination several showcase windows had been altered . According to the City of Los Angeles Office of Economic Development , the annex used Streamline Moderne Style , characterized by the absence of ornamentation and an emphasis on smooth wall surfaces , rounded corners , flat roofs and linear elements that give a horizontal emphasis . The unifying exterior element between the original structure and its annex are the ground level colonnades . Recognition The building is included in the National Register of Historic Places U.S. Historic District listed Hollywood Boulevard Commercial and Entertainment District , which covers from 6200 7000 Hollywood Boulevard , that was designated April 4 , 1985 . Both of the building 's streetscapes Hollywood Boulevard Vine Street are located within the City of Los Angeles Monument area LA 194 designated as the Hollywood Walk of Fame , which was designated July 5 , 1978 . The building and its neon sign were individually designated as a City monument ( LA 664 ) on September 29 , 1999 . On April 4 , 1985 , the building and the entire Hollywood Blvd Commercial Entertainment District were recognized by the California Office of Historic Preservation with status code 1D in designations 0053 4680 0054 and 0053 4680 9999 , respectively . The building is covered by the Mills Act ( Contract Number unk and Case Number CHC 2005 unk MA ) . History In 1927 , the Classical Revival Style building was built by local businessman Frank R. Strong as a B. H. Dyas Company Department Store . The construction , which continued into 1928 , marked the first department store branch outside of the main Downtown Los Angeles central business district and led to similar large scale commercial developments outside downtown . Due to the Great Depression , B. H. Dyas had to consolidate its operation back to its original store and The Broadway purchased the 30 year lease for this prime location for 2 million ( US 31 . 1 million in 2016 dollars ) in 1931 . The Broadway Hollywood Building quickly found its niche by serving the Hollywood 's film and finance industries demand for high end products . With the store 's profits , it was able to expand in 1938 with 52 , 000 square feet ( 4 , 800 m2 ) of retail space . In 1939 , an eight story modern annex designed by Parkinson and Parkinson was built immediately to the west . The Broadway Department Store served as a tenant until the 1970s . In the 1980s , the building was reconfigured for office use . By 1987 the building was abandoned . In 2005 and after having been vacant for many years , a renovation began to convert the 10 story building into 96 loft condominiums , while adding two floors to the annex . In July 2008 , the residents sued the bar on the first floor of the building for its noise pollution , resulting in the relocation of the bar in February 2009 . Among the current and past owners of the building 's loft condominiums are Dave Navarro , Jason Statham , Danny Masterson and Charlize Theron .
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3,177 | Unusual You is a song by American recording artist Britney Spears , from her sixth studio album Circus . It was written and produced by Christian Karlsson and Pontus Winnberg from Bloodshy Avant , with additional writing by Kasia Livingston and Henrik Jonback . Unusual You is an electropop love song reminiscent of the music of Janet Jackson and Gwen Stefani , with sung lyrics that address an experienced woman finding unexpected love . Unusual You received mostly positive reviews from critics , who commended it for being a departure of the rest of the album . Following the release of Circus , the song charted at number eighty on the U.S. Billboard Pop 100 due to strong digital sales . Background Unusual You was written and produced by Christian Karlsson and Pontus Winnberg from Bloodshy Avant , with additional writing by Kasia Livingston and Henrik Jonback . Main instrumentation was recorded by Bloodshy Avant at Robotberget in Stockholm , Sweden . Spears recorded her vocals at Conway Studios in Los Angeles , California , while audio mixing was done by Anders Hvenare and Bloodshy Avant at Robotberget . Background vocals were provided by Livingston . Unusual You appeared on a six song mix of Circus that was released on November 13 , 2008 . In August 2009 , it was reported by NRJ Radio that Unusual You was going to be released as the fifth single from the album in France and the United States . Music and lyrics Unusual You is a midtempo electropop song , that has been described by Nekesa Mumbi Moody of the Associated Press as synth centric . The song has been noted by John Murphy of musicOMH to be reminiscent of Gwen Stefani 's quieter moments . Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times commented that Unusual You goes for that shimmering waterfall mood first popularized by Janet Jackson rather than strict Madonna style workouts . According to Chris Richards of The Washington Post , Spears 's vocals in the song are transformed into a spectral coo . Lyrically , Unusual You talks about an experienced woman finding unexpected love , with Spears voicing the lines , Didn 't anyone tell you you 're supposed to break my heart I expect you to So why haven 't you . Critical reception Unusual You received positive reviews from critics . Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times noted that the song stood out on Circus because it did not paint Britney as mannequin , sex object , paparazzi victim and leather clad mistress like the other tracks on the album . Caryn Ganz of Rolling Stone deemed it as melodic and glowing . Chris Willman of Entertainment Weekly named Unusual You as a standout track from Circus and added , Spears still presents herself as fantasy object , but here might be her own fantasy of real acceptance . Next time , Britney , flash us more of that . Chris Richards of The Washington Post selected it as one of the gems of the album , along with Womanizer . John Murphy of musicOMH said that the lyrics make Spears sound extraordinarily world weary for a 27 year old and added that it gives a pointer to an interesting new direction . Jim Farber of the Daily News called the song perhaps the first truly pretty melody Spears has ever sung . Brad Wheeler of The Globe and Mail said Unusual You was entertaining , but not as remarkable as other tracks on Circus and dismissed the song as merely a strobe lit , heart shaped testimonial . Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that Unusual You and the two other ballads in the album , were Circus 's only attempts at warmth . Poppy Cosyns of The Sun criticized the backing track of Unusual You as leaving it sounding like the discovered dregs of a would be late Nineties hit . Cameron Adams of the Herald Sun called Unusual You a surprisingly subtle and effective moment and speculated that it was surely a future single . Steve Jones of USA Today described Unusual You as saccharin , adding that she sounds much better in the dance tracks . Ben Rayner of the Toronto Star called it the album 's one moment of pathos . Jim DeRogatis of the Chicago Sun Times criticized Unusual You as shamelessly Madonna aping . Nekesa Mumbi Moody of the Associated Press commented that Spears 's most personal and emotional moments of Circus are in the slower tracks , most notably in Unusual You . Moody continued , Though she didn 't write the song , it 's hard not to wince in empathy when you think about the string of users who have filtered in and out of her life . Pete Paphides of The Times said Unusual You would find a home with anyone whose love of melancholy Europop is fatal enough to take in Limahl 's ' Never Ending Story . ' In 2015 , Gregory Hicks of MTV named Unusual You Spears 's best song that was not released as a single . Following the release of Circus in December 2008 , Unusual You managed to peak at number eighty on the US Billboard Pop 100 due to strong digital sales . In 2008 when Circus album came out , popstar Lady Gaga was asked about which songs she was listening and Unusual You was on her playlist , she said It is really a good song . I listened to the Circus on the plane , and when I came to this song , I stopped and listened to it again and again . It is so beautiful and so sad , and I love the way it has a mysterious quality . As if the music was put into a mirror from a funhouse . Go girl . Good pop . Credits and Personnel Britney Spears lead vocals and background vocals Christian Karlsson songwriting Bloodshy Avant songwriting , mixing , programming , keyboards , bass and guitar Henrik Jonback songwriting and guitar Pontus Winnberg songwriting Kasia Livingston songwriting and background vocals Credits adapted from Circus liner notes . Charts
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3,178 | The Tasmanian numbfish ( Narcine unk ) is a species of electric ray in the family unk . Endemic to southeastern Australia , this common ray inhabits shallow continental shelf waters in the southern portion of its range and deeper continental slope waters in the northern portion of its range . It prefers sand and mud habitats . This species can be identified by its spade shaped pectoral fin disc with concave anterior margins , long tail with well developed skin folds along either side , and plain dark brown dorsal colouration . Its maximum known length is 47 cm ( 19 in ) . Bottom dwelling and sedentary , the Tasmanian numbfish feeds mainly on polychaete worms and crustaceans . As in all unk , it can produce a moderate electric shock to defend itself against predators . This species gives live birth , with the unborn young sustained to term by yolk the litter size ranges from one to eight . The Tasmanian numbfish is a common bycatch of trawl fisheries . However , its population does not appear to be threatened by human activity and it has been assessed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) . Taxonomy and phylogeny Scottish naturalist John Richardson described the Tasmanian numbfish in an 1841 contribution to Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Classifying the new species in the genus Narcine , he gave it the specific epithet unk as the holotype , a female 36 cm ( 14 in ) long , was collected from Port Arthur , Tasmania . Richardson noted that the ray was known locally as ground shark . Other common names for this species include electric ray , electric torpedo , little numbfish , and numbfish . In a 2012 phylogenetic study based on mitochondrial DNA , Narcine was found to be polyphyletic , with the Tasmanian numbfish belonging to a different lineage than the giant electric ray ( N. unk ) . Description Reaching a length of at least 47 cm ( 19 in ) , the Tasmanian numbfish has a trowel shaped pectoral fin disc with a short , blunt snout and concave leading margins . The medium sized eyes are followed by smaller , nearly circular spiracles with smooth rims . A pair of large electric organs are located on either side of the head . There is a curtain of skin between the nostrils with a three lobed posterior margin . The narrow , highly protrusible mouth is encircled by a deep groove . The teeth are small and diamond shaped with pointed tips they are arranged with a quincunx pattern into bands , which remain exposed when the mouth is closed . There are five pairs of gill slits beneath the disc . The triangular pelvic fins are much longer than wide adult males have claspers that extend past the pelvic fin rear tips . The broad and flattened tail is about a quarter longer than the disc and bears prominent skin folds along both sides . There are two dorsal fins of roughly equal size and shape , with the first originating over the rear tips of the pelvic fins . The tail terminates in a low caudal fin the upper caudal fin lobe is somewhat angular , especially in adult males , while the lower lobe is rounded . The skin often bears creases and is devoid of dermal denticles . The Tasmanian numbfish is plain dark brown above , becoming lighter on the fins . The underside is white , sometimes with a few dark blotches . Many juveniles also exhibit a darker midline stripe along the back , along with darker blotches over the disc and at the dorsal fin bases . Distribution and habitat The Tasmanian numbfish is common off southeastern Australia its range extends from Coffs Harbour in New South Wales to the Esperance Plains in Western Australia , and encompasses all of Tasmania . Around Tasmania , it can be found from inshore waters to a depth of 100 m ( 330 ft ) on the continental shelf . In more northerly waters , it inhabits the upper continental slope at depths of 200 640 m ( 660 2 , 100 ft ) . This bottom dwelling species favours a sandy or muddy substrate and is sometimes encountered in the vicinity of rocky reefs . Mature rays of both sexes appear to live apart from juveniles . Biology and ecology The Tasmanian numbfish is a fairly inactive species that spends long periods of time buried motionless in sediment . It feeds primarily on polychaete worms ( particularly those of the family unk ) and crustaceans ( including amphipods , decapods , and unk ) . Nematodes and sipunculids may also be consumed on rare occasions . Juvenile rays consume polychaetes and crustaceans in roughly equal proportions , while adults consume mostly polychaetes . This dietary shift may reflect increasing experience with age , as polychaetes are burrowing animals and thus more difficult to locate and capture than crustaceans . Like other members of its family , the Tasmanian numbfish can defend itself with a modest electric shock . Its predators include the broadnose sevengill shark ( Notorynchus cepedianus ) . The tapeworm Anthobothrium unk is a parasite of this species . Reproduction in the Tasmanian numbfish is viviparous , with the developing embryos nourished to term via their yolk sacs . Females bear litters of one to eight pups ( average eight ) newborns measure 9 12 cm ( 3 . 5 4 . 7 in ) long . Males and females attain reproductive maturity at lengths of 21 26 cm ( 8 . 3 10 . 2 in ) and 20 26 cm ( 7 . 9 10 . 2 in ) respectively . Human interactions The Tasmanian numbfish is frequently caught incidentally by trawlers of Australia 's South East Trawl Fishery , which operate throughout its range . It is discarded after capture with an unknown , but probably high , rate of survival . Since this species does not appear to be threatened by human activity , the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) has listed it under Least Concern .
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3,179 | Hurricane Able was the first named tropical cyclone in the Atlantic hurricane database , and was also the first of six major hurricanes in the 1950 Atlantic hurricane season . Its development was confirmed on August 12 by the Hurricane Hunters , which is a group that intentionally flies into a hurricane for observations . Hurricane Able initially threatened to strike the Bahamas , but instead turned to the northwest and later to the northeast . As it neared the Outer Banks , Able reached peak winds of 125 miles per hour ( 201 km h ) , equivalent to a modern day Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale . After brushing those islands and Cape Cod , Able moved ashore on Nova Scotia as a minimal hurricane . It later crossed Newfoundland and dissipated on August 24 . The hurricane prompted standard precautions in the Bahamas and Florida , although it did not affect the region . In North Carolina , winds and waves brushed the coast , while around New York City , heavy rainfall caused some flooding . Along Cape Cod and Nantucket , Able produced winds up to 55 mph ( 90 km h ) and high waves , and across New England there were nine traffic fatalities . The hurricane killed 2 people in Canada and caused over 1 million in damage . Meteorological history The beginning of the 1950 Atlantic hurricane season was considered remarkably quiet by the U.S. Weather Bureau , with no noteworthy activity until early August . A Hurricane Hunters flight into an easterly wave on August 12 indicated a developing tropical storm east of the Lesser Antilles it was later given the name Able , which is the first name in the Joint Army Navy Phonetic Alphabet . It moved steadily northwestward and reached hurricane status on August 14 , as it passed to the north of the Leeward Islands . The next day , Hurricane Able turned to the west and west southwest , due to a high pressure system to its north . On August 17 it attained major hurricane status , and by early on August 18 reconnaissance aircraft measured winds of 140 mph ( 225 km h ) , though Atlantic hurricane reanalysis later determined that those winds were unrepresentative of the intensity . At the time , the storm was 350 miles ( 565 km ) in diameter . Able was expected to continue to the west toward the Bahamas and Florida . It was the strongest hurricane to threaten the unk capital , Nassau , since a hurricane in 1929 . The hurricane turned to the northwest , however , sparing the Bahamas from the strongest winds . On August 19 , Able turned to the north , and attained its peak intensity of 125 mph ( 201 km h ) while doing so shortly before peak intensity , aircraft measured a central pressure of 953 millibars ( 28 . 14 inHg ) , the lowest in the life of the storm . The next day Able accelerated to the northeast , after passing just offshore Cape Hatteras , North Carolina . Having maintained peak winds for 12 hours , Hurricane Able began to weaken on August 20 , and early the next day it moved quickly by Cape Cod . It produced winds of hurricane force in Nova Scotia before it moved ashore on August 21 near Goodwood with winds of 75 mph ( 121 km h ) . Subsequently it deteriorated into an extratropical cyclone , and Able crossed Newfoundland before dissipating early on August 24 in the far northern Atlantic Ocean . Impact and records When Hurricane Able was expected to move through the Bahamas , people executed standard preparations such as securing windows and bringing ships to harbor . One cruise liner diverted its route from the Bahamas toward New York . In Florida , the U.S. Air Force made preliminary plans to move planes . Ultimately , the hurricane spared the region . Further north , the United States Weather Bureau issued northeast storm warnings from Morehead City , North Carolina to the Eastern Shore of Virginia . There , the hurricane ended up bringing light winds and rough waves . Moderate precipitation occurred along the North Carolina coast . In southern New England , Able dropped 3 5 inches ( 75 125 mm ) of rainfall , with a peak of 6 . 89 inches ( 175 mm ) in Beechwood , Massachusetts . Flooding was reported in portions of New York City . The resulting slick roads from the rains caused nine traffic fatalities across New England . The storm produced 55 mph ( 90 km h ) gusts in Nantucket and Cape Cod , along with high tides and waves . Offshore , the waves damaged a freighter headed for Florida . In Nova Scotia , Able produced hurricane force winds , the only land along its path to receive such winds a gust of 99 mph ( 160 km h ) was reported in Halifax . The hurricane also dropped heavy rainfall , including over 4 . 92 inches ( 125 mm ) in Annapolis Valley . Initially there were three fishing boats missing throughout the region , although two later returned to harbor . By August 22 , the third was still missing over the Grand Banks , which prompted a rescue team to search for the boat . Many other boats crashed against the coast , and two children died when their raft capsized . Two bridges and several roadways were washed out or flooded , and in Charlottetown , Prince Edward Island , floodwaters left roadways impassable . On land , Able produced heavy damage estimated at over 1 million ( CAD ) , half of which in Annapolis Valley , and split between crops , communications , and fishing industries . From 1950 through 1952 , names from the Joint Army Navy Phonetic Alphabet were first used for storms in the North Atlantic . Able is the first name in the alphabet , and as such , Hurricane Able in 1950 was the first name officially to be used for an Atlantic hurricane . It was also the first of eight major hurricanes in the 1950 Atlantic hurricane season , which as of 2010 is still the record for the most major hurricanes in a season .
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3,180 | Lyman Hall ( February 18 , 1859 August 16 , 1905 ) was a professor and president of the Georgia School of Technology ( now called the Georgia Institute of Technology , commonly referred to as Georgia Tech ) . He is perhaps best known for bringing what is now the School of Materials Science Engineering to Georgia Tech . Hall 's administration also introduced degrees in electrical engineering and civil engineering in December 1896 , textile engineering in February 1899 , and engineering chemistry in January 1901 . Hall died in 1905 , reportedly due to the stress of fundraising for a new chemistry building which now bears his name . Early life Born in 1859 in Americus , Georgia , he attended Mercer University in Penfield , Georgia . He was admitted to the United States Military Academy in 1877 , and graduated in 1881 . Due to a physical disability , he was unable to have a military career instead , he taught mathematics at the Georgia Military Academy in Kirkwood , Georgia for two years and subsequently at the South Carolina Military Academy in Charleston , South Carolina ( now known as The Citadel ) from 1883 to 1886 . He was then a professor at the Moreland Park Military Academy before Georgia Tech recruited him . Career In 1888 , Captain Lyman Hall was appointed Georgia Tech 's first mathematics professor ( and consequently head of the school 's mathematics department ) . He had a solid background in engineering due to his time at West Point and often incorporated surveying and other engineering applications into his coursework . He had an energetic personality and quickly assumed a leadership position among the faculty . At the first faculty meeting on October 5 , 1888 , he was elected secretary . On June 25 , 1895 , Professor Hall was invited to speak to Georgia Tech 's board about the school 's needs . While there were no recorded minutes , subsequent board actions suggest that he recommended the construction of on campus dormitories to reduce disciplinary problems , and a more proactive recruitment of students . Previous president Isaac S. Hopkins tendered his resignation in May 1895 because he had been elected president of the First Methodist Church of Atlanta and he could not do justice to both to the school and the church . While several successors were considered , Samuel M. Inman proposed that the decision be postponed . Georgia Tech 's trustees correspondingly elected Hall as the chairman of the faculty ( acting president ) From January 1 , 1896 to July 1 , 1896 . On June 24 , the trustees elected him the institute 's second president . As president , Hall was noted for his aggressive fundraising and improvements to the school , including his special project , the Aaron S. French Textile School . In February 1899 , Georgia Tech opened the first textile engineering school in the Southern United States , with 10 , 000 from the Georgia General Assembly , 20 , 000 of donated machinery , and 13 , 500 from supporters . It named the A. French Textile School , after its chief donor and supporter , Aaron S. French . Lyman Hall 's other goals included enlarging Tech and attracting more students , so he expanded the school 's offerings beyond mechanical engineering the new degrees introduced during Hall 's administration included electrical engineering and civil engineering in December 1896 , textile engineering in February 1899 , and engineering chemistry in January 1901 . Hall also became infamous as a disciplinarian , even suspending the entire senior class of 1901 for returning from Christmas vacation a day late . Lyman Hall died on August 16 , 1905 during a vacation at a New York health resort . His death while still in office was attributed to stress from his strenuous fund raising activities ( this time , for a new Chemistry building ) . Later that year , the school 's trustees named the new chemistry building the Lyman Hall Laboratory of Chemistry in his honor . Lyman Hall building Erected in 1905 and named in his honor , The Lyman Hall Laboratory of Chemistry at Georgia Tech is commonly referred to by students as Lyman Hall or simply Lyman , due to the common mistaken impression that the word Hall is a mere descriptor . It now houses the Bursar 's Office after being completely gutted in 1988 , but the quote from geologist Sir Archibald Geikie 's 1905 published work remains on the front of the building In the first place I would put accuracy . The 1903 to 1906 school announcements describe the architecture of the building in great detail The Lyman Hall Laboratory of Chemistry , which is in the shape of a T , is of brick with limestone trimmings , and is two stories in height , with a full basement . Each floor has an approximate area of 5 , 600 square feet . The lecture rooms , stock rooms , library , offices , gas analysis laboratory , photographic and spectroscopic rooms occupy the front , and the laboratories the rear wing . Especial care has been given to lighting and ventilation , the laboratories being lighted on three sides . For the removal of noxious gases , they are amply provided with hoods , each of which has a separate flue leading to a tight wooden fume box unk just under the roof . This box communicates with the outer air , and can be provided with forced draught if necessary . The Chemical and Physical laboratories have been fitted up with reference to practical work , and such addition will be made from time to time as may be required for experimental research . The apparatus and appliances are of the newest and best forms , and will be increased as occasion may demand . The building is located within the Georgia Institute of Technology Historic District , and it is included in the 12 building area listed on the National Register of Historic Places .
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3,181 | According to Tacitus 's Germania ( 98 CE ) , In their ancient songs , their only form of recorded history , the Germans celebrate the earth born god , Tuisto . They assign to him a son , Mannus , the author of their race , and to Mannus three sons , ... The figure remains the subject of some scholarly discussion , largely focused upon etymological connections and comparisons to figures in later ( particularly Norse ) Germanic mythology . In the larger Indo European pantheon , Tuisto is equated to the Vedic unk . Etymology The Germania manuscript corpus contains two primary variant readings of the name . The most frequently occurring , Tuisto , is commonly connected to the Proto Germanic root unk ( two ) and its derivative unk ( twice doubled ) . Allusions to intersex is entirely conjectural , as the unk unk roots are also the roots of any number of other concepts words in the Germanic languages . Take for instance the Germanic twist , which , in all but the English has the primary meaning of dispute conflict . The second variant of the name , occurring originally in manuscript E , is unk ( sometimes rendered Tuiscon ) . One proposed etymology for this variant reconstructs a Proto Germanic unk , and connects this with Proto Germanic unk , yielded the meaning son of Tiu . This interpretation implies that unk is the son of the sky god ( Proto Indo European unk ) and the earth goddess . Tuisto , unk , and Ymir Connections have been proposed between the 1st century figure of Tuisto and the hermaphroditic primeval being Ymir in later Norse mythology , attested in 13th century sources , based upon etymological and functional similarity . Meyer ( 1907 ) sees the connection as so strong , that he considers the two to be identical . Lindow ( 2001 ) , while mindful of the possible semantic connection between Tuisto and Ymir , notes an essential functional difference while Ymir is portrayed as an essentially negative figure Tuisto is described as being celebrated ( celebrant ) by the early Germanic peoples in song , with Tacitus reporting nothing negative about Tuisto . Jacob ( 2005 ) attempts to establish a genealogical relationship between Tuisto and Ymir based on etymology and a comparison with ( post ) Vedic Indian mythology as unk , through his daughter unk and her husband unk , is said to have been the grandfather of the twins Yama and Yami , so Jacob argues that the Germanic Tuisto ( assuming a connection with unk ) must originally have been the grandfather of Ymir ( cognate to Yama ) . Incidentally , Indian mythology also places Manu ( cognate to Germanic Mannus ) , the Vedic progenitor of mankind , as a son of unk , thus making him the brother of Yama Ymir . Attestation Tacitus relates that ancient songs ( Latin carminibus unk ) of the Germanic peoples celebrated Tuisto as a god , born of the earth ( unk terra unk ' see unk ( ancient Greece ) ) . These songs further attributed to him a son , Mannus , who in turn had three sons , the offspring of whom were referred to as unk , unk and unk , living near the Ocean ( unk unk ) , in the interior ( unk ) , and the remaining parts ( unk ) of the geographical region of Germania , respectively . Theories and interpretations Tacitus 's report falls squarely within the ethnographic tradition of the classical world , which often fused unk , unk , and unk together into a synthetic whole . The succession of father son three sons parallels occurs in both Germanic and non Germanic Indo European areas . The essential characteristics of the myth have been theorized as ultimately originating in Proto Indo European society around 2 , 000 BCE . According to Rives ( 1999 ) , the fact that the ancient Germanic peoples claimed descent from an earth born god was used by Tacitus to support his contention that they were an indigenous population the Latin word unk was often used in the same sense as the Greek unk , meaning literally ' born from the earth itself ' ( from unk unk earth ) . unk ( 1975 ) notes that , although this claim is to be judged as one made out of simple ignorance of the facts on the part of Tacitus , he was not entirely wrong , as he made the judgement based on a comparison with the relatively turbulent Mediterranean region of his day . The sequence in which one god has a son , who has three famous sons , has a resemblance to how unk has a son unk who has three sons Odin , unk and V . The same tradition occurs with the Slavs and their expansion , in the legend of Lech , ech and Rus . Later influence In 1498 , a monk named unk da Viterbo published fragments known as Pseudo unk , now considered a forgery , claiming that Babylonian records had shown that Tuiscon or Tuisto , the fourth son of Noah , had been the first ruler of Scythia and Germany following the dispersion of peoples , with him being succeeded by his son Mannus as the second king . Later historians ( e.g. Johannes Aventinus ) managed to furnish numerous further details , including the assertion by James Anderson that this Tuiscon was in fact none other than the biblical Ashkenaz , son of Gomer . In the following centuries , Tuisto was celebrated as the mythological founding father of the German nation in all forms of art . Burkhard unk mentions him in his work The Origins of the first Twelve German Kings and Princes from 1543 , as do Sigmund von Birken , Daniel Casper von unk and Ignaz unk in his opera Gnther von Schwarzburg . In poetry , he is featured by Joseph Martin Kraus in his I am a German Lad , by Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock in his unk , and by unk , who refers to Tuisto in an early poem , written in 1788 . He invokes the mythological figure in an idealized form , belonging to the spirit of a magic era , long bygone .
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3,182 | The Ivatans are a Filipino ethnolinguistic group predominant in the Batanes Islands of the Philippines . The origins of the Ivatans remained unk among scholars . Ivatans were free before they were colonized by the Spaniards . The culture of the Ivatans is partly influenced by the environmental condition of Batanes . Unlike the old type unk huts common in the Philippines , Ivatans have adopted their now famous stone houses made of limestone , designed to protect against the hostile climate . Origins Documents do not show much about the history of the Ivatans and at present , scholars who study their origins are still unsure as to their exact origin . They question whether the pre historic Ivatans came from the northern part of Luzon or southern portions of China and Taiwan . There is evidence that they might be a surviving Christianized remnant of a people that once resided on all the islands between Luzon and Taiwan . However , they have considered the close racial resemblance of the Ivatans to the Malays and the structure of their language could mean they came from other parts of the Philippines . Tracing their roots through Batanes ' folklores , genetic studies of unk , a Japanese anthropologist , of the Yami of Orchid Island ( unk ) show closer genetic affinity of the Yami to the Tagalog and Visayan and linguistically to the unk ( unk ) sub branch of the Malayo Polynesian branch . Early settlement Ivatans already lived in Batanes before the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century , and lived autonomously long thereafter . On June 26 , 1783 Batanes was incorporated to the Spanish East Indies . In 1571 the capital of the Spanish colony in the Philippines was established in Manila . In 1686 , Ivatans were forced to settle in the lowlands of Batanes . The Ivatans were under Spanish rule for 115 years , and gained their independence on September 18 , 1898 . Ironically , June 6 is celebrated in Batanes as its founding day . Physical attributes One of the earliest accounts of the Ivatan is that of the British unk William Dampier in 1687 . Dampier described them as short , squat people hazel eyes , small yet bigger than Chinese low foreheads thick eyebrows short low noses white teeth black thick hair and very dark , copper colored skin . They also have strong mixture of the short type of the Mongols , and there are some individuals who seem to have some physical characteristics peculiar to the unk of Japan . Demographics In 1990 , population of the Ivatans was 15 , 026 , an increase of 24 over the 1980 population of 12 , 091 . These were distributed to the six municipalities , with 38 residing in Basco , 23 in unk , 12 in unk , 11 in unk and 8 for unk and Ivana . In the 2000 census , 15 , 834 Ivatans were among the 16 , 421 population in Batanes . The mother tongue of the Ivatans is the unk nu unk , but is commonly known as Ivatan . A distinct Austronesian language , the Ivatan has two dialects including the Basco , the unk and possibly the Yami . The Ivatans widely speak and understand the Ilocano , Tagalog , and English languages . Today , most Ivatans are Catholics , like the rest of the country , although some have not converted practice ancestral worship to their unk . However , there are growing Protestant denominations specially in the capital town of Batanes . Culture The Ivatan 's culture have been largely influenced by the climate of Batanes . Exposed to high risks of disruption to their agriculture , Ivatans have adopted strategies in order to live . Traditionally , because of the frequent typhoons and drought , they plant root crops able to cope with the environment . These crops include yam , sweet potato , taro , garlic , ginger and onion , as they ensure higher chances of survival during awry climate conditions . The Ivatan study the behavior of animals , sky color , wind and clouds to predict the weather . The Ivatans usually gather their animals and stay in their houses when they see that the cows take shelter from the unk ( communal pasture ) and birds taking refuge in houses or in the ground . A pink sky with an orange hue also heralds a storm . The sea is vital to the Ivatan 's way of life . Although abundant only in the month of March to May , they depend on the flying fish ( unk ) and dolphinfish ( unk ) present on the shores of Batanes . They have a native delicacy called unk ( the pith of the banana stalk ) which is served , along with the wine unk , on festive occasions such as weddings . Before Spaniards arrived at the Philippines , Ivatans built their houses largely from cogon grass , small and well situated , designed to protect against strong winds . The Spaniards introduced large scale production of lime for the construction of their now famous stone houses . With meter thick limestone walls , the type of their infrastructures are designed against the harsh Batanes environment , which is known as a terminal passage of typhoons in the Philippines . The basic cogon grass is still preserved as roofs of their houses , thickly constructed to withstand strong winds . These houses are comparable to the white houses in New Zealand , Ireland and Scottish Highlands . One of the endemic clothing of the Ivatans is the unk . A unk is a headgear designed to protect the wearer from sun and rain . It is made from abaca fiber of the unk palm . The Ivatan have three different folk songs the unk , the unk and the unk . The unk are ancient lyrical songs that are supposed to be sung when they are merry or just finished work . The unk on the other hand is sung during work . The Ivatan also have legends that are called unk . They also have the unk , chants that chronicle the adventures of the Ivatan 's forefathers as they escape a disaster .
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3,183 | The 145th Boat Race took place on 3 April 1999 . Held annually , the Boat Race is a side by side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames . Featuring the tallest rower in Boat Race history , Cambridge won the race in the second fastest time ever . It was their seventh consecutive victory in the event . In the reserve race , Cambridge 's Goldie defeated Oxford 's Isis in the fastest time ever , while Cambridge won the Women 's Boat Race . Background The Boat Race is a side by side rowing competition between the University of Oxford ( sometimes referred to as the Dark Blues ) and the University of Cambridge ( sometimes referred to as the Light Blues ) . First held in 1829 , the race takes place on the 4 . 2 mile ( 6 . 8 km ) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London . The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities and followed throughout the United Kingdom and broadcast worldwide . Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions , having won the 1998 race by three lengths , with Cambridge leading overall with 75 victories to Oxford 's 68 ( excluding the dead heat of 1877 ) . The first Women 's Boat Race took place in 1927 , but did not become an annual fixture until the 1960s . Up until 2014 , the contest was conducted as part of the Henley Boat Races , but as of the 2015 race , it is held on the River Thames , on the same day as the men 's main and reserve races . The reserve race , contested between Oxford 's Isis boat and Cambridge 's Goldie boat has been held since 1965 . It usually takes place on the Tideway , prior to the main Boat Race . Andrew Lindsay was confident that the Oxford crew would be more motivated than their opponents our advantage over Cambridge is that we are hungry for the victory . Everyone in the Oxford boat is driven to go and win this damn thing . He was making his third and final appearance in the race having lost in both the 1997 and 1998 race . His grandfather represented Cambridge in the 1930s , and his uncle , Alexander Lindsay , rowed for the losing Oxford crew in the 1959 race before triumphing the following year . Cambridge boat club president and Canadian international rower Brad Crombie was also making his third Boat Race appearance , attempting to complete a hat trick of victories . Sean Bowden was the head coach of Oxford . His Cambridge counterpart , Robin Williams , suggested it still feels like all or nothing to us . The fear of defeat , the aim of trying to push the limits is motivation itself . Just as he had done in the 1993 race , umpire Mark Evans introduced modifications to the starting procedure , suggesting that he would be content to hold the crews for up to ten seconds between issuing the set and go commands . Cambridge 's Williams remarked I 'm happy as long as both crews abide by it , Bowden was nonplussed Go is when you start races . I 'm happy . The race was sponsored for the first time by Aberdeen Asset Management , and both crews were competing for the Aberdeen Asset Trophy . It was the fiftieth anniversary of the BBC 's coverage of the event and over the preceding five years had secured an average audience in excess of six million . Crews The Oxford crew weighed in at an average of 14 st 10 lb ( 93 . 2 kg ) , 0 . 5 pounds ( 0 . 23 kg ) more per rower than Cambridge . Josh West , rowing at number four for Cambridge , became the tallest rower in Boat Race history at 6 ft 9 in ( 2 . 06 m ) . The Oxford crew comprised three Britons , three Americans , a Swede , a Canadian and a German , while Cambridge were represented by five Britons , two Americans , a German and a Canadian . Three former Blues returned for Cambridge in Wallace , Crombie and Smith , while Oxford saw Humphreys and Lindsay return . Vian Sharif , the Cambridge cox , became the tenth female to steer a Boat Race crew , and was the lightest competitor at the event since the 1986 race . Race Bookmakers could not initially separate the crews , offering odds on for either boat to win . However , as the start of the race approached , Williams had suggested that he was worried by his crew 's inconsistency and Oxford were declared favourites . Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station . Despite being warned by umpire Davis , Cambridge were soon half a length ahead , and a second clear by the Mile Post . The lead was extended to a length by Hammersmith Bridge and Sharif had steered her boat into a better angle of attack . Pushing on , Cambridge were seven seconds up by Chiswick Steps and nine seconds at Barnes Railway Bridge . They passed the finishing post three and a half lengths ahead , with an eleven second advantage over the Dark Blues . The Light Blues finished in 16 minutes 41 seconds , a time only bettered once before , in 1998 . It was the first time since 1936 that Cambridge had secured seven consecutive victories . In the reserve race , Cambridge 's Goldie beat Oxford 's Isis by one and a half lengths , their ninth victory in ten years , and in a record time of 16 minutes 58 seconds which beat the fastest time recorded in 1996 and repeated in 1998 . Cambridge won the 51st Women 's Boat Race by one length in a time of 6 minutes 1 second , their eighth consecutive victory . Reaction Oxford 's Bowden was dumbstruck I 'm really floored . I just haven 't got any answers until I talk to the crew . His number four , Toby Ayer admitted my impression is that they were quicker than us and that is a very hard thing to have to say . Cambridge 's Williams noted I thought it would be a bit more competitive than that . Cambridge boat club president Crombie exclaimed that 's the most fun I 've ever had rowing for Cambridge .
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3,184 | The Great Comet of 1882 formally designated C 1882 R1 , 1882 II , and unk , was a comet which became very bright in September 1882 . It was a member of the Kreutz Sungrazers , a family of comets which pass within 1 R of the Sun 's photosphere at perihelion . The comet was bright enough to be visible next to the Sun in the daytime sky at its perihelion . Discovery The comet appeared suddenly in the morning skies of September 1882 . As it was already visible to the naked eye , it was discovered independently by many people . Reports suggest that it was first seen as early as 1 September 1882 , from the Cape of Good Hope as well as the Gulf of Guinea , and over the next few days many observers in the southern hemisphere reported the new comet . The first astronomer to record observations of the comet was W. H. Finlay , the Chief Assistant at the Royal Observatory in Cape Town , South Africa . Finlay 's observation on 7 September at 16h GMT was also an independent discovery , and he reported that the comet had an apparent magnitude of about 3 , and a tail about a degree in length . The comet brightened rapidly , and within days had become an exceptionally bright object . Her Majesty 's Astronomer at the Cape , David Gill , reported watching the comet rise a few minutes before the Sun on 18 September , and described it as The nucleus was then undoubtedly single , and certainly rather under than over 4 in diameter in fact , as I have described it , it resembled very much a star of the 1st magnitude seen by daylight . . Perihelion The comet was rapidly approaching perihelion when it was discovered . At perihelion , the comet is estimated to have been only 300 , 000 miles or 480 , 000 kilometres ( 0 . 0032 AU ) from the Sun 's surface . Subsequent orbital studies have determined that it was a unk comet , one which passes extremely close to the surface of the Sun . For many hours on either side of its perihelion passage , the comet was easily visible in the daytime sky next to the Sun . It reached an estimated magnitude of 17 . Shortly after perihelion was reached on 17 September , the comet transited the Sun . At the Cape , Finlay observed the comet with the aid of a neutral density filter right up until the moment of transit , when the Sun 's limb was boiling all about it . Finlay noted that the comet disappeared from view very suddenly , and no trace of it could be seen against the Sun 's surface . Post perihelion evolution After its perihelion passage , the comet moved into dark skies , and although it faded as it receded from the Sun it remained one of the most prominent objects in the sky . On 30 September , observers , including Finlay and E. E. Barnard , began to notice that the comet 's nucleus was elongated and broken into two pronounced bright balls of light , and by 17 October it was clear that it had broken into at least five fragments . Observers reported that the relative brightness of the fragments varied from day to day . In mid October , the comet developed a notable unk , pointing towards the Sun . Anti tails are a fairly common cometary phenomenon , and result from orbital geometry giving the appearance of a tail pointing towards the Sun although material can only be driven away from the Sun . The nucleus reached its maximum apparent size in December 1882 . The comet faded gradually , but despite its fragmentation it remained visible to the naked eye until February 1883 . The last definite sighting of the comet was made by B. A. Gould at Crdoba on 1 June 1883 . Orbital studies Studies of the orbit of the comet showed that the Great Comet of 1882 was moving on an almost identical path to previous great comets seen in C 1843 D1 and C 1880 C1 . These comets had also suddenly appeared in the morning sky and had passed extremely close to the Sun at perihelion . One suggestion was that all three were in fact the same comet , with an orbital period that was being drastically shortened at each perihelion passage . However , studies showed this to be untenable , as the orbital period of this comet is 772 3 years and the others are 600 800 years . Heinrich Kreutz studied the orbits of the three great comets , and developed the idea that the three comets were fragments of a much larger progenitor comet which had broken up at an earlier perihelion passage . The fragmentation of the Great Comet of 1882 itself demonstrated that this was plausible . It is now thought that the Great Comet of 1882 is a fragment of X 1106 C1 , and that Comet du Toit ( C 1945 X1 ) and Comet Ikeya Seki ( C 1965 S1 ) are two of its sister fragments . It is now well established that the comets C 1843 D1 , C 1880 C1 , C 1882 R1 , C 1887 B1 , C 1963 R1 , C 1965 S1 , and C 1970 K1 are all members of a family known as the Kreutz Sungrazers , which are all descended from one comet . Current models do not support the frequent supposition in the prior literature that the famous comet of 372 BC is in fact the ultimate parent of the Sungrazers . The comet of 372 BC is often associated with Aristotle who , along with others from his time , described that comet in his writings . However , Aristotle was only twelve at the time of the comet 's appearance and the historian , Callisthenes of Olynthus , who also wrote about it was born ten years after its appearance . Consequently , their reports should not be taken as eye witness accounts . Further , there is no mention of the comet in Chinese literature of the time . Instead either the comet of February 423 or of February 467 with orbital periods of around 700 years is now considered the likely progenitor of the Sungrazers . The fragments of the Great Comet of 1882 will return in several hundred years ' time , spread out over perhaps two or three centuries .
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3,185 | Cyclone Fay was an intense , late season tropical cyclone which struck Western Australia during the 2003 04 Australian region cyclone season . Forming from an area of low pressure on 12 March , Fay was the only Category 5 cyclone during the season . The system had a minimum pressure of 910 mbar ( hPa 26 . 87 inHg ) and maximum sustained winds of 210 km h ( 130 mph ) . Moving towards the southwest and eventually towards the south , Fay gradually strengthened as it paralleled the northwestern coast of Australia , and made landfall on the Pilbara coast on the morning of 27 March as a Category 4 cyclone . While no fatalities were reported , the cyclone brought record breaking rainfall to Australia , which led to a sharp decrease in the country 's gold output . The cyclone also caused minor damage in the Pilbara region of Western Australia . In the spring of 2005 , the Australian Bureau of Meteorology retired the name Fay from use , and it will never be used again as a cyclone name . Meteorological history The low pressure system that later developed into Fay formed in the Gulf of Carpentaria on 12 March 2004 . Through 15 March satellite imagery indicated increasing convection and organisation of the system , as well as decreasing wind sheer aloft , adding to the favourable conditions for strengthening . On 16 March , the system was designated Tropical Cyclone 18S by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center , with winds of 30 km h ( 20 mph ) . The system then crossed Melville and Bathurst Islands and moved into the Timor Sea , where it intensified , and was given the name Fay by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology . Fay began to turn southward on 17 March simultaneously , the cyclone continued to intensify due to a weakening of vertical wind shear , and well defined outflow became apparent on satellite imagery . The following day , a steering ridge to the south of the system strengthened and pushed the cyclone away from the coast and to the northwest . At the same time , the system continued to intensify due to the favourable environment in the upper atmosphere . However , hot , dry air flowing into the system from the south , combined with vertical wind sheer , kept the storm from strengthening as much at its maximum potential rate . By 19 March Fay 's track had turned to the west southwest , and over the next day it continued to strengthen in due to favourable upper level outflow and weak vertical sheer . On 21 March , Fay became a Category 5 cyclone on the Australian Region Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale . A mid latitude trough caused the steering ridge to weaken , and subsequently , Fay to turn to the south . Over the next two days , the environmental shear around the cyclone decreased , which would normally have led to intensification however , as the shear decreased , the cyclone also moved over an area of dry air , weakening the system . By 23 March , Fay had moved in a loop , and the system weakened to a Category 2 . Over the next day , favourable outflow counteracted the dry air that had weakened the system , and a banding eye feature was observed on satellite imagery . Fay then encountered moister air as it moved southward , leading it to re intensify on 25 March . A weak eye of 10 nm was observed on 26 March which grew to 15 nm as the day went on . Strengthening into a Category 4 system early on 27 March , Fay made landfall on the Pilbara coast between 8 am and 9 am AWST ( 0000 and 0100 UTC ) with winds of 170 km h ( 105 mph ) , weakening below cyclone strength somewhere between the towns of Nullagine and Telfer . Preparations , Impact , and aftermath Evacuation centres were set up in the Kimberley region of Western Australia . Schools and businesses were also closed , and flights in and out of the area were cancelled . Shelters were set up for people who could not take shelter in their own homes . Residents of the Bidyadanga Aboriginal community were warned of particularly dangerous storm tide as the centre of the cyclone passed to their west . The communities of Sandfire and Pardoo were also warned of dangerous storm tide . Cyclone warnings were issued for areas threatened by the system , and communities in the path of the system were warned of expected high rainfall , as amounts greater than 200 mm ( 7 . 9 in ) were expected . Minor damage to buildings and limited tree damage were reported in the vicinity of Port Hedland . In the town of Nullagine , 120 residents were evacuated to the town 's police station , as heavy rain caused flooding . Flooding of the De Grey and unk Rivers led to the town being segmented into 4 sections . As the system passed near the Yarrie mine 200 workers were forced to go under lockdown for 8 hours . The cyclone overturned accommodation units , shredded water tanks , cut power lines , and damaged the rail line connecting the mine to Port Hedland . Heavy rainfall was reported along the track of the cyclone , with a two day total of 701 mm ( 27 . 6 in ) reported at the Nifty Copper Mine and 359 mm ( 14 . 1 in ) reported in Telfer . The rain from the cyclone delayed the construction of a gas pipeline at the mine for over 7 months , while the pipeline company waited for the floodwaters to dissipate . According to unk Mining , the rainfall amounts at Telfer exceeded the records going back at least 100 years . The heavy rainfall from both Cyclone Monty in February and Cyclone Fay caused gold output in Australia for the quarter to be the lowest in 10 years . A survey performed by the Australian Institute of Marine Science discovered that the Scott Reef suffered severe damage , and many coral colonies were uprooted or damaged . Because of the record breaking rainfall produced across northwestern Australia , the Bureau of Meteorology retired the name Fay after its usage .
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3,186 | The Convention is the second episode of the third season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's thirtieth episode overall . Written by the writing team of Gene Stupnitsky and Lee Eisenberg , and directed by Ken Whittingham , the episode originally aired in the United States on September 28 , 2006 on NBC . In the episode , Josh and Jim from Dunder Mifflin Stamford , as well as Michael and Dwight from Dunder Mifflin Scranton leave for Philadelphia for the annual office supply convention . Michael , angry at both Jim for leaving the Scranton branch , as well as Josh for being superior to him , tries to one up both Jim and Josh at every opportunity . Meanwhile , Kelly sets up Pam on a double date with one of her friends which goes nowhere . Toby 's interest in Pam is piqued , beginning an unrequited crush on his part . Plot Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) and Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) from the Scranton branch of Dunder Mifflin , Josh Porter ( Charles Esten ) and Jim Halpert ( John Krasinski ) from the Stamford branch , and Jan Levenson ( Melora Hardin ) from the corporate headquarters all descend upon Philadelphia for an office supply convention . Michael is bitter that Jim left Scranton for Stamford and tries to one up Josh at every opportunity . Michael also spreads the word that he is throwing a party in his hotel room that night . Later in the evening , Michael surprises everyone with the news that he has broken Staples 's exclusive hold on unk products . In Scranton , Kelly Kapoor ( Mindy Kaling ) sets up Pam Beesly ( Jenna Fischer ) on a double date with her neighbor Alan , a cartoonist for the local newspaper . Kelly is quietly disappointed that Pam intends to wear just her normal work clothes to the date . On the double date , Kelly appears to be the only one having a good time with Ryan Howard ( B.J. Novak ) . Pam chats awkwardly with the cartoonist , who at one point sneaks a peek down Pam 's shirt , and they fail to hit it off . At Michael 's party , Jim attends as the only guest , and explains that he did not leave Scranton because of Michael ( whom Jim claims is a great boss ) , but rather because Pam rejected him , twice . The two mend their friendship just as other guests arrive , and Michael promises he would take care of the situation . Production The Convention was the fourth episode of the series written by the writing team of Gene Stupnitsky and Lee Eisenberg , and the third episode of the series directed by Ken Whittingham . This episode originally had a scene with Angela and Dwight in the office kitchen . Producer Greg Daniels stated They had a couple lines , there was a pause , and then Angela said , ' I 'm late ' , turned around , and left . This would imply that she may be pregnant . The scene was cut because Daniels ultimately concluded , It was a big move , but we had it in a show that had a lot of other big moves . ... You don 't introduce a C plot line of an illicit office romance and then all of a sudden have one of the characters get knocked up Executive producer and show runner Greg Daniels had hoped to get Mackenzie Crook , Martin Freeman , and Lucy Davis from the original British Office series to appear in the episode as their respective characters ( Gareth Keenan , Tim Canterbury , and Dawn Tinsley ) but was unsuccessful due to scheduling conflicts . The third season DVD contains a number of deleted scenes from the episode , including Michael unsuccessfully inviting Ryan to attend the convention , Michael reminiscing on being abandoned by Todd Packer at a club and being attacked by bouncers , Michael telling Dwight he almost worked at a local factory , Dwight asking Josh if he has ever been convicted of a felony , Dwight asking Josh about his experiences in the coast guard and in Israel , and Dwight leaving Michael to go see Angela . Reception The Convention received a 3 . 8 10 in the Nielsen ratings among persons aged 18 49 , meaning that 3 . 8 percent of all people aged 18 49 watched the episode , and ten percent of all people in the age group watching TV at the time watched the episode . It received an estimated audience of 7 . 8 million viewers overall , and ranked 1 in its time period among men 18 34 . The episode was received generally well by critics . Brian Zoromski of IGN stated that Any episode that places Michael and Dwight outside of their normal office environment is set up for some very funny ( and usually awkward ) situations and ' The Convention ' is no exception . Some of the episode 's best uncomfortable moments centered on Michael believing he 's the life of the party and that he 's Jim 's friend . Michael and Dwight pretending to laugh along to an inside joke made by Jim 's new boss , Josh , is a prime example . Michael 's comment , ' I love inside jokes . Love to be part of one someday , ' creates the kind of uncomfortable silence that The Office excels at . Also on IGN , the show received a 9 . 8 out of 10 incredible rating from the site 's editorial staff . Abby West , of Entertainment Weekly , praised the interactions between characters as some of the highlights of the episode , stating Jim is the show 's salt he makes everyone else seem just a little better . He 's the perfect straight man to showcase Michael 's insanity ... West also commented on the awkwardness of the relationship between Ryan and Kelly , stating that Speaking of weird love connections , I 'm really starting to worry about Ryan , who 's now letting crazy Kelly force feed him . What happened to him Mat Brewster , of unk Magazine , felt that the episode didn 't live up to the status set by the previous episode Gay Witch Hunt , stating this week s episode , The Convention , failed to live up to my expectations .
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3,187 | The 28 cm SK L 40 Bruno ( SK unk ( quick loading cannon ) L unk ( with a 40 caliber barrel ) was a German railroad gun . Originally a naval gun , it was adapted for land service after its ships were disarmed beginning in 1916 . It served on the Western Front and on coast defense duties in Occupied Flanders during World War I. Belgium received four guns as reparations after the war . The Germans used two of those guns in World War II after Belgium 's surrender during the Battle of France and on coast defense duties on the Gironde Estuary for the rest of the war . Design and history These 28 cm SK L 40 guns were used as the main armament of the Braunschweig and Deutschland class pre dreadnought battleships , but they were transferred to the Army from the Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine ) when those ships began to be relegated to training duties in 1916 after the Battle of Jutland had proved that they were not suitable for contemporary naval combat . One change made for land service was the placement of a large counterweight just forward of the trunnions to counteract the preponderance of weight towards the breech . This , although heavy , was simpler than adding unk to perform the same function . In 1917 , the first four guns , formerly used on SMS Lothringen , were placed in firing platform ( Bettungsschiessgerst ) mountings for coast defense duty as part of Batterie Graf Spee on the island of Wangerooge . The firing platform was a semi portable mount that could be emplaced anywhere after several weeks of labor to prepare the position . It rotated on a pivot at the front of the mount . The rear was supported by rollers resting on a semicircular rail and was generally equipped with a gun shield . Twenty guns , from the battleships Braunschweig , Hessen , Preussen , Deutschland , Schlesien , and Schleswig Holstein were mounted on the railroad and firing platform ( Eisenbahn und Bettungsschiessgerst ) ( E. u . B. ) mounts successfully used by other German railroad guns . The E. u . B. could fire from any suitable section of track after curved wedges were bolted to the track behind each wheel to absorb any residual recoil after the gun cradle recoiled backwards . It also had a pintle built into the underside of the front of the mount . Two large rollers were fitted to the underside of the mount at the rear . Seven cars could carry a portable metal firing platform ( unk ) that had a central pivot mount and an outer rail . It was assembled with the aid of a derrick or crane , which took between three and five days , and railroad tracks were laid slightly past the firing platform to accommodate the front bogies of the gun . The gun was moved over the firing platform and then lowered into position after the central section of rail was removed . After the gun 's pintle was bolted to the firing platform 's pivot mount , the entire carriage was jacked up so that the trucks and their sections of rail could be removed . The carriage was then lowered so that the rear rollers rested on the outer track . Concrete versions were also used . It could have up to 360 of traverse . Ammunition Ammunition was moved by means of an overhead rail from which a shell trolley carried individual shells to be placed in the loading tray fixed to the breech . An extensible rail could raised and braced in place to allow the shell trolley to reach shells placed on the ground or in an ammunition car behind the mount . This ammunition car sometimes had its own overhead rail to move the shells forward to where the trolley in the mount could reach it through a hatch in the roof . The shell and powder were manually rammed into the gun . The gun had to be loaded at zero elevation and thus needed to be re aimed between each shot . It used the German naval system of ammunition where the base charge was held in a metallic cartridge case and supplemented by another charge in a silk bag which was rammed first . Combat history The Navy kept most of the Brunos and used them on coast defense duties , mainly in Occupied Flanders to protect the ports of Ostend and Zeebrugge . Sailor Artillery Regiment ( German unk Artillerie Regiment ) 1 defended the latter with Batteries Hessen ( 3 or 4 guns ) and Braunschweig ( 4 x Brunos ) . Those same sources disagree about the number of guns assigned to Batteries Hannover ( 3 or 4 Brunos ) and Preussen ( 4 guns ) defending Ostende under the command of Sailor Artillery Regiment 2 . Battery unk , with 2 guns , saw service against the British during the Spring Offensive in March April 1918 . Only two Brunos were given to the Army they served in Battery 746 and Bavarian Battery ( German Bayerische Batterie ) 1005 . The latter gun , on E. u . B. mount No. 7 , formerly carried by Hessen , was captured by the Australian Army on 8 August 1918 . Its barrel is preserved today in Canberra , Australia , as the Amiens Gun . After the Armistice was signed on 11 November 1918 , a battery of four Brunos stationed in Belgium sought asylum in the Netherlands . They were given to Belgium as reparations . Six were destroyed in 1921 22 by the Military Inter Allied Commission of Control . After the surrender of Belgium on 28 May 1940 , two Brunos were used by Battery 655 between 8 and 10 June to fire on unk and Reims from unk . One gun was destroyed when a shell detonated prematurely in the barrel while firing on those targets . By the end of 1941 , two Brunos were assigned to Battery 721 and stationed at Le Verdon sur Mer defending the mouth of the Gironde Estuary under the command of Artillery Group Gironde South ( German unk Gironde Sd ) . The battery was able to retreat to Germany by 1 September 1944 after the invasion of Normandy began in June 1944 , but nothing is known of its activities afterwards .
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3,188 | Tropical Storm Gabrielle caused moderate flooding in northeastern Mexico and southern Texas in August 1995 . The eighth tropical cyclone and seventh named storm of the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season , Gabrielle developed from a tropical wave in the west central Gulf of Mexico on August 9 . Initially a tropical depression , the system gradually intensified and by the following day , it became a tropical storm . Favorable conditions caused Gabrielle to continue to strengthen , with the storm nearly reaching hurricane status late on August 11 . However , it soon made landfall near La Pesca , Tamaulipas , thus halting further intensification . Once inland , Gabrielle rapidly weakened and dissipated by early on August 12 . As Gabrielle was impacting the east coast of Mexico , Hurricane Flossie in the Eastern Pacific was brushing the Baja Peninsula . The storm produced torrential rainfall in northeastern Mexico , totaling to 19 . 44 inches ( 494 mm ) . As a result , numerous reservoirs were filled , forcing dozens in southern Nuevo Leon to evacuate their homes . Additionally , highway infrastructure and streets in the region were affected . Damage in Mexico is unknown , though six fatalities were reported . Rainfall up to 6 inches ( 150 mm ) brought minor flooding to Texas , mainly damaging unharvested cotton . Three days after dissipation , the remnants of Gabrielle also produced heavy thunderstorms in New Mexico on August 15 . Meteorological history A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Africa during the last week of July . As it tracked across the Atlantic , it remained a well defined system , but never organized into a tropical cyclone . On August 8 , the system entered the Gulf of Mexico , and by the following day , it developed a weak low level circulation . The circulation became better defined later that day , and was confirmed by Reconnaissance aircraft that afternoon , when it was declared Tropical Depression Eight while east of Tamaulipas . From the outset , the cyclone 's motion was altered by Hurricane Flossie off the Pacific coast of Mexico . Initially , deep convection fired up gradually as the depression slowly tracked westward in the Gulf of Mexico . At 1200 UTC on August 10 , the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Gabrielle , as the storm curved southward . Gabrielle then strengthened slowly over the warm sea surface temperatures in a low wind shear environment , although land interaction slowed the intensification somewhat . The storm shifted once again onto a west northwest course on August 11 , moving very slowly towards the coast . The storm made landfall at 2000 UTC on August 11 , just south of La Pesca in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas , about 175 miles ( 280 km ) south of the United States Mexico border and about 90 miles ( 145 km ) north of Tampico . Simultaneously , Gabrielle attained its peak intensity with a maximum sustained wind speed of 70 mph ( 110 km h ) and a minimum barometric pressure of 988 mbar ( 29 . 2 inHg ) . After landfall , the storm rapidly weakened , deteriorating to tropical depression status by early on August 12 over northeast Mexico . Six hours later , the surface circulation of Gabrielle dissipated over the mountains of the Sierra Madre Oriental , although its cloud pattern transited Mexico intact , moving into the Gulf of California before it sheared across northwest Mexico on August 15 . Preparations and impact Starting at 2100 UTC on August 9 , a tropical storm warning was issued from Baffin Bay , Texas to La Pesca , Tamaulipas while Gabrielle was still Tropical Depression Eight . By 0900 UTC on the following day , the warning was expanded to include areas south to Tampico , Tamaulipas and extended further to Tuxpan , Veracruz twelve hours later . As the latter was occurring , the tropical storm warning was discontinued for Texas . Early on August 12 , all the warnings in Mexico were discontinued , as the storm had already moved inland . 800 people were evacuated in Soto la Marina and San Fernando in Tamaulipas . People in poor villages in the Rio Grande Valley were given sandbags with Tropical Storm Gabrielle approaching . Overall damage was generally minor . There were no reports of wind damage , although tropical storm force winds affected the northern coast of Tamaulipas . A newspaper in Mexico reported up to 24 inches ( 600 mm ) of precipitation across much of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon this figure is in dispute , however , as the rainfall database maintained by Mexico 's National Weather Service shows the maximum amount to lie under 20 inches ( 508 mm ) . The heavy rainfall from the storm filled nearly half the reservoirs in Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas , which were almost empty due to drought conditions in the region . As a result , dozens in southern Nuevo Leon were forced to evacuation their homes . Rains from Gabrielle flooded streets and destroyed bridges and highways in northern Mexico . No storm surge recordings were taken in Mexico , although it is estimated by the National Hurricane Center that a surge of a few feet took place to the north of the track . Six fatalities were reported in Mexico as a result of Gabrielle . In Texas , rainfall from the storm peaked at 6 . 26 inches ( 159 mm ) in unk , while many other areas in southern Texas reported only 1 to 3 inches ( 25 to 76 mm ) of precipitation . Gabrielle 's rain came after a drought , and some of it soaked in . The rains also damaged unharvested cotton . Otherwise , minor flooding occurred . Brownsville reported up to 4 inches ( 102 mm ) of rain in association with Gabrielle . In extreme southern Texas , minor beach flooding took place at some of the beaches in the region . The remains of Gabrielle produced heavy thunderstorms in New Mexico on August 15 .
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3,189 | The Battle of Gloucester was a skirmish fought early in the American Revolutionary War at Gloucester , Massachusetts on August 8 or 9 , 1775 . Royal Navy Captain John Linzee , commanding the sloop of war HMS Falcon , spotted two schooners that were returning from the West Indies . After capturing one schooner , Linzee chased the second one into Gloucester Harbor , where it was grounded . The townspeople called out their militia , captured British seamen sent to seize the grounded schooner , and recovered the captured ship as well . The skirmish was one of a series of actions that prompted a retaliatory expedition by Royal Navy Captain Henry Mowat in October 1775 . The major event of his cruise , the Burning of Falmouth , was cited by the Second Continental Congress when it established the Continental Navy . Background In April 1775 , tensions between British colonists in the Province of Massachusetts Bay and the royal governor , General Thomas Gage , boiled over into war . When General Gage dispatched troops to Concord to search for military supplies the colonists had stored there , alarms were raised , and colonists and soldiers clashed in Lexington and Concord on April 19 . Militia companies continued to arrive in the days following , and the British troops were besieged in Boston . The siege , which only blockaded land access to the city , made the army dependent on the ability of the navy to supply it with fresh provisions . In many communities near the city , livestock and hay were removed from islands in Boston Harbor and the immediate coastal areas , while General Gage and Vice Admiral Samuel Graves sent out expeditions to raid coastal communities for livestock and hay , and to interdict colonial shipping . When these expeditions landed troops or sailors to round up livestock , they were sometimes met with resistance . Not long after the siege began , colonists and army troops clashed on May 27 near Boston over supplies on a nearby island . On August 5 , the HMS Falcon , commanded by John Linzee , appeared off Ipswich Bay . Captain Linzee sent a barge of men to the shore in search of livestock , hove to , and sent a barge containing about 50 men ashore to secure a supply of mutton from , the flock of sheep grazing on the Coffin farm at West Gloucester . Major Coffin observed their movements and anticipated their design . He hastily gathered some half dozen men , armed them with rifles and , concealed behind sand mounds , kept up such a brisk firing that the sailors in the barge , supposing that a large company were ready to receive them , thought it prudent to desist from their sheep foraging intentions and returned to the Falcon . When the barge returned to the Falcon , Linzee sent it to investigate a schooner in the harbor this ship turned out to only contain ballast . Linzee continued to cruise off Cape Ann for the next few days , and impressed some men from local ports and ships . Battle On August 8 or 9 ( sources disagree on the exact date ) , Captain Linzee spotted two American schooners making sail for Salem around 8 in the morning . Quickly capturing one of the schooners without incident , he put a crew aboard the prize before giving chase to the other . The captain of the second schooner , apparently familiar with the area , brought his ship deep into Gloucester Harbor and grounded it near Five Pound Island shortly after noon . Linzee forced a local fisherman to pilot the Falcon and the prize schooner to an anchorage in the harbor . He then sent 36 men on three small boats under the command of his lieutenant to take the ship . Among the crews sent were 10 impressed Americans , including four from Gloucester . The arrival of the British ship had caused the townspeople to raise the alarm , and militia companies began to muster , led by their captains , Joseph Foster and Bradbury Sanders . Armed with muskets and two aging swivel guns , they opened fire from the shore at the small boats as they neared the schooner . The British rowed faster , and boarded the grounded schooner , where they were effectively trapped by constant fire from the shore . Linzee , attempting to distract the townspeople , fired the Falcon 's guns on the town , and eventually sent a landing party to try to burn the town . However , this attempt was unsuccessful , and the party on the grounded schooner continued to be harassed by from the shore . The lieutenant was wounded in the action , and he and a few men managed to escape the action in a skiff around 4 pm , leaving the Falcon 's master in charge . The remaining men left on the grounded ship were eventually taken prisoner , including the impressed Americans . By 7 pm , the small boats had all been taken . Linzee then decided to send the prize schooner in to recover his men . Linzee reported his suspicion that the crew of the captured ship took the opportunity to overpower the prize crew , and recovered the vessel . According to Linzee , After the master was landed I found I could not do him any good , or distress the rebels by firing , therefore I left off . Aftermath Linzee 's attempt to burn the town as a punishment for resisting his actions was echoed in later naval actions . In October 1775 , Admiral Graves ordered Captain Henry Mowat on an expedition of reprisal against New England 's coastal communities , specifically including Gloucester as a target , and citing among other justifications Captain Linzee 's defeat at Gloucester . Mowat chose not to attack Gloucester , since he felt its buildings were too widely spaced for cannonades to have any significant effect . Reports of Mowat 's only major action , the Burning of Falmouth ( present day Portland , Maine ) , were instrumental in motivating the Second Continental Congress to establish the Continental Navy .
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3,190 | The Plum River raid was a bloodless skirmish that occurred at present day Savanna , Illinois , on May 21 , 1832 , as part of the Black Hawk War . Most of the settlement 's inhabitants , except for a few defenders , had fled for Galena , Illinois , before the raid happened . A small band of Native Americans , either Sauk or Fox , attacked the settlement while only three of the six defenders were present . The men who were present fell back to the blockhouse and a firefight ensued for about one hour , after which the attackers withdrew . No one was killed or injured during the attack , but in its aftermath Colonel James M. Strode dispatched a detachment of militia to Savanna . They returned to Galena without incident and the settlement at Savanna was temporarily abandoned . Background As a consequence of an 1804 treaty between the Governor of Indiana Territory and a group of Sauk and Fox leaders regarding land settlement , the Sauk and Fox tribes vacated their lands in Illinois and moved west of the Mississippi in 1828 . However , Sauk Chief Black Hawk and others disputed the treaty , claiming that the full tribal councils had not been consulted , nor did those representing the tribes have authorization to cede lands . Angered by the loss of his birthplace , between 1830 31 Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the Mississippi River , but was persuaded to return west each time without bloodshed . In April 1832 , encouraged by promises of alliance with other tribes and the British , he again moved his so called British Band of around 1000 warriors and non combatants into Illinois . Finding no allies , he attempted to return across the Mississippi ( to modern Iowa ) , but ensuing events led to the Battle of Stillman 's Run . A number of other engagements followed and the militia of Michigan Territory and the state of Illinois were mobilized to hunt down Black Hawk 's band . The conflict became known as the Black Hawk War . After Stillman 's Run , an ambush at Buffalo Grove killed one militia member two days before the raid on the Plum River settlement . Prelude The settlement at the mouth of the Plum River was established in 1827 when copper was discovered near the Mississippi River . When the Black Hawk War erupted in 1832 , the settlement at Plum River consisted of 25 people . When the settlers were informed of Black Hawk 's invasion they were undecided about whether or not to abandon their homes for safer grounds in Galena , Illinois . In the end , while nearby towns such as Hanover emptied of their residents , the citizens at Plum River decided to send the women and children to Galena and leave the men to stick it out on the frontier . They partially disassembled two of the settlement 's homes and constructed a blockhouse for protection . Left to defend the impromptu fortifications were Aaron Pierce , Vance Davidson , Robert Upton , William Blundell , Leonard Goss and a man known as Hays . On May 19 another group of militia volunteers were ambushed at Buffalo Grove and two days later the more famous Indian Creek massacre occurred ( on the same day as the raid at Plum River ) . Attack On May 21 , 1832 , a small raiding party made up of some independent minded braves from Keokuk 's village or the Fox village at Dubuque 's Mines carried out a raid on the settlement at present day Savanna , Illinois on the Plum River . The party originated west of the Mississippi River and were probably motivated by a desire to collect needed supplies . When the small raiding party arrived at the settlement they found it practically deserted only three men were present . Of the six men originally at the settlement , three had left when the raiding party arrived Blundell was away , Upton was hunting nearby , and Davidson had left the area in search of a horse . Of the three men left at the settlement , Hays and Goss were trying to round up livestock , while only Pierce remained at the blockhouse . Pierce heard a dog barking outside and looked up to see a small band of Native Americans creeping along the river 's edge . He immediately sounded the alarm and Hays and Goss sprinted for the blockhouse . Gunshots started to explode behind the men as they approached the protection of their makeshift fortification . Goss darted inside , but Hays slipped and fell before he could enter the blockhouse . As he fell , three musket balls lodged themselves into the wall where he had been standing moments before . While the attackers reloaded , Hays slipped inside and for about an hour an exchange of heavy gunfire erupted between the parties before the attackers withdrew . A fourth man , Upton , was out hunting nearby when he was discovered by the attackers he was chased throughout the afternoon . Upton escaped the attackers injury free . In fact , no person was killed or injured during the Plum River raid . The small raiding party escaped with three horses , but two horses were badly wounded by gunfire , and the other shot dead by the settlement 's defenders . Aftermath The men at the Plum River settlement waited overnight and then fled to Galena where they reported the incident to Colonel James M. Strode . He ordered a militia party to the settlement to secure the it and make sure the attackers were dealt with accordingly . When the detachment arrived at Savanna they found no Native Americans , and plenty of bullet holes from the battle . The group continued to Fort Armstrong , where they picked up supplies , and returned to Galena without incident . On June 1 , then Colonel Zachary Taylor expressed his concerns about recent events , including the Plum River raid in a letter to General Henry Atkinson . He stated that there had no doubt been an attack at the settlement , but no one was killed and the site abandoned since .
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3,191 | Mate . Feed . Kill . Repeat. is the first release by American metal band Slipknot . Released originally on October 31 , 1996 , it was limited to production of 1 , 000 copies . The band originally self distributed some of these copies , but went on to release the remaining units through unk Recordings in 1997 . Due to its limited release , the album has become much sought by fans since Slipknot 's rise in fame . Despite considering it their first album upon release , the band now considers Mate . Feed . Kill . Repeat. to be a demo and have evolved and released the majority of the songs on future releases , albeit usually in radically altered forms . It was recorded in Des Moines , Iowa , over a period of four months . The music of the album contains many influences including funk , jazz , and disco which weren 't as apparent in later material . Many of the lyrics and the album 's title are derived from the role playing game Werewolf The Apocalypse . The songs contain an emphasis on non traditional songwriting and melodic themes more than subsequent releases . Recording and production In late 1995 Slipknot and producer Sean McMahon entered SR Audio , a studio in the band 's home town of Des Moines , Iowa to work on what they intended to be their debut album . Retrospectively McMahon said that the band was driven because they spent the majority of their time in the studio for the four months it took to produce the album . Slipknot self financed the production , which came to an estimated 40 , 000 . The band expressed how much of a learning process this time was with it being the first time they had recorded their music , specifically the additional percussion elements were challenging to capture . The band were aiming for a tribal sound but encountered problems including minuscule timing errors and during this period they refined their percussive sound , they experimented with erecting walls to isolate the drums and re arranging parts . In February 1996 during the mixing process , guitarist Donnie Steele decided to leave the band for religious reasons , as a result Craig Jones joined the band to fill the spot . However the band realized that they were incorporating too many samples on their recordings and could not produce these sounds live . In order to solve this problem Jones moved to full time sampler and Mick Thomson joined as a guitarist . Mate . Feed . Kill . Repeat. was released on October 31 , 1996 with a release party at The Safari , a local club where the band played a lot of their earliest gigs . Musical and lyrical themes The musical style of Slipknot is constantly contested due to the genres their music covers , however Mate . Feed . Kill . Repeat. is the band 's most experimental release and is significantly different from the heavier style the band became known for . One of the band 's initial aims was to mix many genres of music to achieve their own style an early incarnation of the band was called Meld based upon this . However , there are still similarities in the sound of which Slipknot became known for . Tracks such as Slipknot , Some Feel and Only One feature a dominantly heavy metal influence , specifically in that of the guitars . Tracks such as Tattered Torn , Killers Are Quiet and Gently also include the slow , cerebral angst build up style that the band also retained in some of their more recent work . The album implements elements of jazz and funk , although Confessions is the only track on the album dominantly led by these styles . The funk metal song Do Nothing Bitch Slap is the album 's most complex song , combining both of these dominant styles as well as implementing areas of disco . The album also incorporates elements of death metal . The album title and the majority of the lyrics are references to the role playing game Werewolf The Apocalypse . Vocalist Anders Colsefni and percussionist Shawn Crahan shared a mutual interest in the game which was a large influence on the band , Colsefni said The attraction was being able to play a different person , declaring that this was the essence of Slipknot . Legacy The original pressing of the album was limited to 1 , 000 copies and since the band 's rise to fame in 1999 it has been a sought after rarity for Slipknot fans . Upon its initial release the band distributed the album independently , handing them out to fans , radio stations , and record labels . On June 13 , 1997 , unk Recordings took over the distribution of the remaining copies of the album . These original pressings have since grown in value considerably . Due to the large amount of interest in the album and the low numbers of originals there have been many bootlegged versions of the album sold including CD , MP3 and even vinyl . Reportedly , as of 2003 , no member of the band owns a copy of Mate . Feed . Kill . Repeat . There is often deliberation whether Mate . Feed . Kill . Repeat. is a demo or actually the band 's debut album . The band currently strictly consider it to be a demo due to the drastic change in sound and major changes in the line up before the band 's self titled debut . The band would also rework the majority of the songs on later albums , and the title of their album Vol . 3 ( The Subliminal Verses ) shows that the band has disregarded Mate . Feed . Kill . Repeat . Track listing All songs written and composed by Slipknot . Personnel Collector 's information Website detailing differences between fake and unk copies of the album , owner 's list , and known sale prices for the genuine CD Literature Arnopp , Jason ( 2001 ) . Slipknot Inside the Sickness , Behind the Masks . Ebury . ISBN 0 09 unk 7 . McIver , Joel ( 2003 ) . Slipknot Unmasked ( again ) . Omnibus . ISBN 0 7119 unk 0 .
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3,192 | Bam Thwok is a 2004 download only single by the American alternative rock band the Pixies . Written and sung by bassist Kim Deal , the song was released exclusively through the iTunes Store on June 15 , 2004 . Upon its release , Bam Thwok was a commercial success , debuting at number one on the very first release of the UK Download Chart . The song was the band 's first recording since 1991 's Trompe le Monde . Originally composed for the film Shrek 2 , Bam Thwok was not selected for the final soundtrack . The song 's lyrics display a surrealistic and nonsensical nature typical of the band Deal 's inspiration was a discarded child 's art book she found on a New York City street . Bam Thwok ' s major theme is showing goodwill to everyone . Background Following their 2004 reunion , the Pixies felt that recording a new song would break the ice between band members after their acrimonious split in 1993 . As the band were announcing dates for their reunion world tour , DreamWorks contacted manager Ken Goes to enquire whether they would be interested in recording a song for the title sequence of Shrek 2 . The band agreed , and frontman Black Francis and Deal began composing riffs for a song aimed at children . Deal had been experimenting with a chord progression for a while , and since her band The Breeders were then inactive , she decided to donate her new composition to the Pixies . The Pixies chose Deal 's riff , as it was a poppier , more kid friendly thing , and Francis agreed to let her sing lead vocals and write the new song significantly , Francis is relegated to backing vocals on the track . Francis ' move was meant to warm the previously cold relations between the two in the previous two Pixies studio albums , 1990 's Bossanova and 1991 's Trompe le Monde , Francis , the band 's principal songwriter , had not let Deal contribute any songs or sing lead vocals . This became one of the reasons for the Pixies ' 1993 split . However , the two appeared at the time to have resolved their differences Francis praised Bam Thwok , as a really good song . despite joking in interviews about how he planned to remove as many of her compositions as possible from a hypothetical new album . However , Deal eventually left the band in June 2013 , before the release of the band 's next album , Indie Cindy . Recording and release The band arranged and rehearsed the song in lead guitarist Joey Santiago 's Pro Tools home studio , which he had built for his husband and wife band The Martinis . After in the words of Deal , working it up a bit in Joe 's Santiago Pro Tools thing , Bam Thwok was recorded in a DreamWorks funded demo session . The band travelled to Stagg Street Studios , a studio in Los Angeles , California , to record the song with engineer Ben Mumphrey . Francis later said the recording session was very relaxed , a nice way to break the ice , and admitted that it didn 't feel like twelve years had passed . The song was mixed by Mumphrey at Sound City Studios in late March . Bam Thwok was released on the iTunes Store at midnight on June 15 , 2004 . The Pixies chose to release in that fashion as they were not signed to a major record label their earlier albums had been released on 4AD and Elektra Records . At the time of Bam Thwok ' s release , the Pixies ' management gave no indication as to whether future releases would be limited to the iTunes Music Store . Additionally , DreamWorks rejected the recording and the song never appeared on the Shrek 2 soundtrack . Lyrics and melody The theme of Bam Thwok is , according to Deal , about loving everyone , showing goodwill to everyone . The lyrics are typically surreal and offbeat Deal 's main inspiration for the song and its title was a discarded art book she found on a New York City street while on tour in the late 1990s . She later described the book From the handwriting , you could tell that this book must have belonged to a little kid . This kid had written a short story , a paragraph really , about a party that took place in another universe , about people and monsters that were partying together . That 's what provided the inspiration for the lyrics . The song is structured around a four beat guitar melody that incorporates major chords throughout . It begins with full instrumentation , over which Santiago layers a short guitar solo . During the first verse , the guitars and bass drop down , and do not re emerge until the chorus , which is repeated several times . A fifteen second carousel esque organ solo appears approximately midway through the song . The actual sound clip was performed and recorded by Santiago 's father in law many years ago while he was a missionary in the Philippines . Reception Bam Thwok debuted at number one on an early version of the UK Download Chart , although one report said that the fact that the Pixies were in first place despite releasing the single halfway through the period surveyed and only through iTunes suggests there could be problems to iron out ... unless all iTunes owners are big fans of the Pixies . In a press release from Apple , Pixies manager Ken Goes said By distributing our first song in 13 years exclusively on iTunes , we were able to quickly and inexpensively make it available to millions of fans in the US and Europe . One week after its release , we are thrilled at the response from iTunes users that have helped to make Bam Thwok a top seller across four countries . Hannah Harper of BBC Music remarked that the song was not the greatest thing they 've ever done . Band members noticed the change in output David Lovering , the Pixies ' drummer , commented that it 's very unlike us . It 's a Pixies song but it 's still unlike a Pixies song .
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3,193 | A double tuned amplifier is a tuned amplifier with transformer coupling between the amplifier stages in which the inductances of both the primary and secondary windings are tuned separately with a capacitor across each . The scheme results in a wider bandwidth and steeper skirts than a single tuned circuit would achieve . There is a critical value of transformer coupling coefficient at which the frequency response of the amplifier is maximally flat in the passband and the gain is maximum at the resonant frequency . Designs frequently use a coupling greater than this ( over coupling ) in order to achieve an even wider bandwidth at the expense of a small loss of gain in the centre of the passband . Cascading multiple stages of double tuned amplifiers results in a reduction of the bandwidth of the overall amplifier . Two stages of double tuned amplifier have 80 of the bandwidth of a single stage . An alternative to double tuning that avoids this loss of bandwidth is staggered tuning . Stagger tuned amplifiers can be designed to a prescribed bandwidth that is greater than the bandwidth of any single stage . However , staggered tuning requires more stages and has lower gain than double tuning . Typical circuit The circuit shown consists of two stages of amplifier in common emitter topology . The bias resistors all serve their usual functions . The input of the first stage is coupled in the conventional way with a series capacitor to avoid affecting the bias . However , the collector load consists of a transformer which serves as the inter stage coupling instead of capacitors . The windings of the transformer have inductance . unk placed across the transformer windings form resonant circuits which provide the tuning of the amplifier . A further detail that may be seen in this kind of amplifier is the presence of taps on the transformer windings . These are used for the input and output connections of the transformer rather than the top of the windings . This is done for impedance matching purposes bipolar junction transistor amplifiers ( the kind shown in the circuit ) have a quite high output impedance and a quite low input impedance . This problem can be avoided by using MOSFETs which have a very high input impedance . The capacitors connected between the bottom of the transformer secondary windings and ground do not form part of the tuning . Rather , their purpose is to decouple the transistor bias resistors from the AC circuit . Properties Double tuning , as compared to single tuning , has the effect of widening the bandwidth of the amplifier and steepening the skirt of the response . Tuning both sides of the transformer forms a pair of coupled resonators which is the source of the increased bandwidth . The gain of the amplifier is a function of the coupling coefficient , k , which is related to the mutual inductance , M , and the primary and secondary winding inductances , Lp and Ls respectively , by formula There is a critical value of coupling at which the gain of the amplifier is a maximum at resonance . Below this critical value , there is a single peak in the frequency response with the amplitude peaking at resonance and the peak decreasing as k decreases . Such a response is said to be unk , At values of k above critical coupling the response starts to split into two peaks . These peaks become narrower and further apart as k increases and the gap between them ( centred on the resonant frequency ) becomes progressively deeper . Such a response is said to be unk . A critically coupled amplifier has a response that is maximally flat . This response can also be achieved without transformers with two stages of a stagger tuned amplifier . Unlike staggered tuning , double tuning usually tunes both resonators to the same resonant frequency . However , a designer might choose to design an unk amplifier in order to achieve a wider bandwidth at the expense of a small dip ( typically 3 dB ) in the centre of the frequency response . Like synchronous tuning , adding more stages of double tuned amplifiers has the effect of reducing the bandwidth . The 3 dB bandwidth of n identical stages , as a fraction of the bandwidth of a single stage , is given approximately by , formula This expression applies only to small fractional bandwidths . Analysis The circuit can be represented in a more generic way by replacing the amplifiers with a generalised transconductance amplifier as shown . where ( omitting the stage number suffixes ) , Go is the output conductance of the amplifiers Gi is the input conductance of the amplifiers . Typically , a design will make the resonant frequencies and Qs on the primary and secondary sides identical , such that , formula and , formula where 0 is the resonant frequency expressed in units of angular frequency and the subscripts p and s refer respectively to components on the primary and secondary side of the transformer . Stage gain With the above assumptions , the voltage gain , A of one stage of the amplifier can be expressed as formula where formula is the imaginary unit , formula is the maximum gain deliverable by the stage , and formula is the frequency expressed as the fractional frequency deviation from the resonant frequency . Peak frequency With less than critical coupling , there is one peak in the response occurring at resonance . Above critical coupling , there are two peaks at frequencies given by formula where unk and unk are respectively the low and high frequencies of the peaks expressed as fractional deviation . With critical coupling or above , the peaks reach the maximum gain available from the amplifier . Critical coupling Critical coupling occurs when the two peaks just coincide . That is , when formula or formula
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3,194 | New York State Route 429 ( NY 429 ) is a north south state highway located entirely within Niagara County , New York , in the United States . It extends for 12 . 16 miles ( 19 . 57 km ) from an intersection with NY 265 and NY 384 in North Tonawanda to a junction with NY 104 ( Ridge Road ) on the border between the towns of Cambria and Lewiston . Although it is relatively minor in length , the route is regionally important nonetheless as it connects North Tonawanda to some of the county 's interior regions . About midway between North Tonawanda and Ridge Road , NY 429 serves the hamlet of Sanborn , where it briefly overlaps with NY 31 . At Pekin , a community situated between Sanborn and NY 104 , NY 429 descends the Niagara Escarpment . The Sanborn Ridge Road segment of modern NY 429 was originally designated as part of Route 30 , an unsigned legislative route , in 1908 . In the mid 1920s , the portion of Route 30 west of Rochester became part of the signed NY 31 however , NY 31 was realigned in the late 1920s to follow Ridge Road west from Cambria to the village of Lewiston . NY 31 's former alignment from Niagara Falls to Ridge Road via Sanborn became New York State Route 31A at this time . NY 31A was eliminated c . 1935 as part of the establishment of U.S. Route 104 ( US 104 ) . The portion of its former routing north of Sanborn became part of the new NY 429 , which was assigned to its current alignment upon assignment . Route description NY 429 begins on the banks of the Niagara River at a junction with NY 265 and NY 384 in downtown North Tonawanda . The route heads east as Wheatfield Street , crossing the CSX Transportation owned Niagara Subdivision at a grade crossing that separates an industrialized block of the street from more residential sections to the east . After three blocks , NY 429 turns onto Oliver Street and follows it northwestward through residential and industrial portions of the city , paralleling NY 265 and NY 384 for 1 . 5 miles ( 2 . 4 km ) to a junction with Ward Road . Oliver Street and Ward Road merge here , and the combined street takes on the Ward Road name as it proceeds due northward through the solely residential northern portion of North Tonawanda . NY 429 exits the city near a junction with unk Road , at which point maintenance of the route shifts from the city to the New York State Department of Transportation ( NYSDOT ) . Now in the town of Wheatfield , NY 429 heads across populated but less developed areas on its way to a junction with US 62 . North of this point , the closely spaced homes gradually give way to more isolated houses and , eventually , rural farmland . It continues on a north south line to the town of Lewiston and the hamlet of Sanborn , located adjacent to the Lewiston Cambria town line . In the small but developed community , NY 429 follows Buffalo Street past three blocks of homes to a junction with NY 31 ( Saunders Settlement Road ) . Buffalo Street ends here however , NY 429 joins NY 31 for two blocks east to Townline Road , a north south highway delimiting the boundary between Lewiston and Cambria . NY 429 continues north on Townline Road , passing the sprawling main campus of Niagara County Community College , a stark departure from the rural fields that NY 429 traversed in Wheatfield . Past the college , NY 429 follows the Lewiston Cambria town line for the rest of its length . In terms of elevation , it reaches a crest of 644 feet ( 196 m ) at Upper Mountain Road in Pekin before it begins to descend the Niagara Escarpment , a beach ridge that further west led to the formation of Niagara Falls eons ago . Here , on clear enough days , a wide panorama can be seen of the entire northern half of the county and Lake Ontario . After descending 100 feet ( 30 m ) , it crosses a narrow plateau containing Lower Mountain Road . Another 150 foot ( 46 m ) drop follows , and NY 429 ends shortly afterward at a junction with NY 104 ( Ridge Road ) located 392 feet ( 119 m ) above sea level a 252 foot ( 77 m ) descent from Pekin . During this final , mostly undeveloped stretch , NY 429 passes the Buffalo Diocese 's Immaculate Conception Catholic Church . History The portion of modern NY 429 north of Sanborn was originally designated as part of Route 30 , an unsigned legislative route , by the New York State Legislature in 1908 . Route 30 entered Sanborn from the west on what is now NY 31 and followed current NY 429 north to Ridge Road , where it turned east toward Rochester . All of legislative Route 30 west of Rochester became part of NY 31 in the mid 1920s , while the remainder of what is now NY 429 outside of North Tonawanda was taken over by the state of New York by 1926 . In the late 1920s , NY 31 was realigned between Niagara Falls and the Lewiston Cambria town line to follow Ridge Road west to the village of Lewiston . Its former routing to Niagara Falls via Sanborn became NY 31A . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , the Niagara Falls Sanborn leg of NY 31A became part of a realigned NY 3 , which had followed modern NY 425 from North Tonawanda to Saunders Settlement Road prior to the renumbering . Despite this fact , NY 31A continued to extend west to Niagara Falls , creating an overlap with the cross state NY 3 . The overlap remained in place until c . 1935 when US 104 was assigned across Upstate New York . West of Rochester , it replaced NY 31 , which was shifted southward to follow all of NY 3 from Niagara Falls to Rochester . NY 31A , meanwhile , was eliminated and partially replaced with NY 429 , a new route that continued south from Sanborn to North Tonawanda via Ward Road and Oliver and Wheatfield Streets . NY 429 has not been substantially altered since that time . Major intersections The entire route is in Niagara County .
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3,195 | Euphoria is a song recorded by American singer Usher for his seventh studio album Looking 4 Myself ( 2012 ) . It was written by Axel Hedfors , Juan Najera , Klas hlund , Ryon Lovett , Sebastian Ingrosso , Steve Angello , Terry Lewis and Usher himself . The production of the song was done by Axwell , Angello and Ingrosso under their stage name Swedish House Mafia . After their joint performance at the 2011 American Music Awards , Usher and Swedish House Mafia managed to start working on recording sessions for Usher 's seventh studio album in Atlanta . Euphoria is a dance pop and euro trance song which include the DJs ' glimmering synths while Usher croons in his coolly controlled falsetto . The track received generally mixed to positive reviews from contemporary music critics with many of them praising its Ibiza sound which is also present on Usher 's previous singles OMG and DJ Got Us Fallin ' in Love . Upon the release of Looking 4 Myself , the song debuted at number 60 on the South Korea Gaon International Chart , with sales of 6 , 029 digital copies . This song appears as DLC along with Twisted in Dance Central 3 with choreography from both Usher and his choreographer unk AJ Jones . Production Speaking to The unk , Usher explained that he wanted to work with Swedish House Mafia ever since they both performed together at the 2011 American Music Awards . The group agreed to work with Usher , saying We 'll see if we can come to Atlanta , and if we can , we 'll start to work on some tracks , writing , and moving the ball forward . In an interview with MTV News , regarding the collaboration with Usher , Steve Angello commented , sic We met Usher couple of years ago , we did the AMA 's together and then we came to hang out in Ibiza . We were in Atlanta and we were all working together for five days . He has always been a great artist and he always knows what he wants so it is a good collaboration all in all . We rather work with somebody who we respect , than to rather work with just big name . Composition Euphoria is a dance pop and euro trance song with a length of four minutes and 20 seconds . It was written by Axel Hedfors , Juan Najera , Klas hlund , Ryon Lovett , Sebastian Ingrosso , Steve Angello , Terry Lewis and Usher himself . The production of the song was helmed by Hedfors , Angello and Ingrosso under their stage name Swedish House Mafia . Swedish House Mafia together with disc jockey Alesso also co produced one more song from Looking 4 Myself entitled Numb . According to Lewis Corner of Digital Spy both Euphoria and Numb include the DJs ' glimmering synths while he Usher croons in his coolly controlled falsetto . Jim Farber of The New York Daily News wrote that the songs which were produced by Swedish House Mafia propose a possible crossover point from electronica to R B like Usher s biggest hit Yeah did from crunk to soul . Mark Exit Goodchild recorded the song at Silent Sound Studios in Atlanta and Glenwood Place Studios in Burbank , while Jorge Velasco , Kory Aaron and Randy unk served as recording assistants . It was mixed by Manny Marroquin at Larrabee Sound Studio , Universal City , with Chris Galland and Delbert Bowers serving as mixing assistants . Natural did the vocal production of the song while the track 's producers Hedfors , Ingrosso and Angello provided the complete instrumentation of Euphoria . Reception In a review of Looking 4 Myself , Matt Cibula of PopMatters commented that Usher absolutely rips ' Climax ' and ' What Happened to U ' , nails party anthems like ' Scream ' and ' Euphoria ' to the wall , and puts across harder things even while multitracking himself 35 times over with the greatest of ease . Nathan S. of DJ Booth wrote that ' Euphoria ' hews even closer to the 4 AM in Ibiza template , as does the essentially identical Scream . People 's Chuck Arnold wrote that Usher is an Ibiza ready club kid on electro thumpers like current single ' Scream ' and the Swedish House Mafia produced ' Euphoria ' that build on the success of ' OMG ' , ' DJ Got Us Fallin ' in Love ' and ' Without You ' ( with David Guetta ) . Regarding the song Trent Fitzgerald of PopCrush wrote that Euphoria comes out with a great Ibiza style dance track that should help him crack the European market . It sounds big and brings euphoria to our ears . Erika Ramirez of Billboard concluded that Euphoria is grittier , more startling and arguably more powerful than Numb and commented that it leaves listeners with a feeling that reflects the song 's uplifting title . Alex Macpherson of guardian.co.uk was more critical to the song and labeled it as unk trance , while Danny Walker of RWD Magazine called the song pacy . According to Carrie Battan of Pitchfork Media Usher sounds most uncomfortable and the least sharp on overblown club tracks ' Euphoria ' and ' Numb ' , and the presence of rote numbers is almost comically predictable . Katherine St Asaph of Popdust stated that the track would sound great in the clubs , however it isn 't standout by any means , further stating Usher and Swedish House Mafia talk about euphoria , but what they deliver is perfectly passable excitement . Credits and personnel Recording and mixing Recorded at Silent Sound Studios , Atlanta , Georgia Glenwood Place Studios , Burbank , California mixed at Larrabee Sound Studio , Universal City , California Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Looking 4 Myself , RCA Records . Charts Upon the release of Looking 4 Myself , due to digital downloads Euphoria charted in the lower regions on the singles chart in South Korea . It debuted on the South Korea Gaon International Chart at number 60 on June 10 , 2012 , with sales of 6 , 029 digital copies .
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3,196 | State Route 139 ( SR 139 ) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California . Running from SR 36 in Susanville north to Oregon Route 39 , it forms part of the shortest route between Reno , Nevada , and Klamath Falls , Oregon . SR 139 cuts through much Modoc National Forest and passes near Antelope Mountain and Tule Lake . The entire route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System , but is a two lane road . North of the SR 299 overlap , SR 139 is an eligible State Scenic Highway , but has not been designated as such the short piece north of unk is however part of the federal Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway . The portion north of SR 299 is also in the Interregional Road System as a High Emphasis Route and in the National Highway System . North of SR 299 , the highway was built by the federal government and turned over to the state in about 1940 the remainder was built by a joint highway district of Lassen and Modoc Counties , completed in 1956 , and given to the state in 1959 . Route description State Route 139 begins at SR 36 in Susanville , and heads northeast up Antelope Mountain along the eastern edge of Susanville Ranch Park before turning north and descending into the Eagle Lake Basin , passing along the eastern edge of Eagle Lake and later the Said Valley Reservoir . The highway continues north and northwest through valleys and over hills and through a part of the Modoc National Forest , through the community of Avila Place , and then enters the east end of the Big Valley , where it begins to overlap SR 299 through Adin . The combined routes continue northerly through another part of the forest and over Adin Pass into the Warm Springs Valley , where SR 139 splits to the northwest near Canby . SR 139 runs northwest and north over mostly flat terrain through the center of the national forest and the communities of Ambrose and Perez before turning northwest . The route continues through unk , Newell , Stronghold , Homestead , and Tuber before cutting across the intermittent Tule Lake as the Lava Beds Highway through the city of unk to the Oregon state line at Hatfield . At an intersection right on the state line , SR 161 begins to the west , and Oregon Route 39 continues northwest towards Klamath Falls . History In 1925 , a state created California Highway Advisory Committee recommended a number of additions to the state highway system among these was a route from Susanville to the Oregon state line towards Klamath Falls , via Bieber . This would be part of a road connecting Reno , Nevada and Klamath Falls east of the Sierra Nevada , which would attract heavy traffic and improve access to Crater Lake and Lassen Volcanic National Parks . A local county road already followed this path , but it was unpaved , mostly dirt and gravel but with sections of rock and bad sand . This was close to the present SR 139 , with notable deviations around the areas of Hayden Hill , Bieber and Lookout , and Malin , Oregon ( as Tule Lake covered SR 139 's current location ) . By the mid 1920s , the main road southeast from Klamath Falls , still unimproved in California , headed southeast to State Highway Route 28 ( now SR 299 ) at Canby rather than south to Bieber . There travelers could head east on Route 28 to Alturas and south on the present US 395 ( not a state highway north of Susanville until 1933 ) towards Reno . The California state legislature passed a law in 1939 , providing for state takeover of the Canby Oregon road if the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Public Roads were to construct and pave it . The road was in fact mostly paved by mid 1939 , and under construction or completed by mid 1940 , when Oregon Route 58 opened , continuing the corridor northwest from Klamath Falls . In 1943 the legislature gave it the Route 210 designation Oregon had added the short connecting Hatfield Highway to its state highway system in 1937 . Lassen and Modoc Counties organized Joint Highway District No. 14 on December 21 , 1929 to construct and maintain a road from Susanville via Adin to Oregon . However , since the state took over the part north of Adin , the district 's scope was narrowed to Susanville Adin . It finally completed work in 1956 , and held a ceremony on August 26 , in which it placed a monument at a point near Eagle Lake . The legislature added the road to the state highway system as Route 216 in 1959 . The portion south of Horse Lake Road became an extension of Route 20 instead this route from Susanville to unk ( later unk ) was never constructed by the state , and was deleted from SR 36 in 1998 . Also in 1959 , a spur of Route 210 west to Dorris was added this became SR 161 in 1964 . By 1946 , the Canby Oregon portion had been marked as Sign Route 139 , connecting with Oregon Route 39 it was extended south over US 299 to Adin and Routes 216 and 20 to Susanville by 1960 . The number was legislatively adopted , replacing Routes 210 and 216 , in the 1964 renumbering . It has remained a two lane road , despite being added to the California Freeway and Expressway System in 1959 ( Canby to Oregon ) and 1965 ( Susanville to Adin ) . Major intersections Except where prefixed with a letter , postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964 , based on the alignment that existed at the time , and do not necessarily reflect current mileage . R reflects a realignment in the route since then , M indicates a second realignment , L refers an overlap due to a correction or change , and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary ( for a full list of prefixes , see the list of postmile definitions ) . Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted . The numbers reset at county lines the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column .
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3,197 | Junya Nakano ( unk unk , Nakano Jun 'ya , born February 28 , 1971 ) is a Japanese video game composer who was employed at Square Enix from 1995 to 2009 . He is best known for scoring Threads of Fate and co composing Final Fantasy X. He has also worked as an arranger for Dawn of Mana and the Nintendo DS version of Final Fantasy IV . Nakano has collaborated with his friend and fellow composer Masashi Hamauzu on several games . He was introduced to music at the age of three when his parents offered him lessons in the electronic organ . After studying composition and arrangement at a vocational school , Nakano worked for Konami from 1991 to 1994 , where he scored numerous arcade games . Nakano is noted for his ambient style and for using percussion , timbre , and rhythm in his compositions . Biography Junya Nakano was born in Kyoto , Japan . His parents introduced him to music when he was three years old , offering him lessons in the electronic organ through the Yamaha Music Foundation they also encouraged him to join some brass bands . After playing the 1979 arcade game Lunar Rescue , he developed an interest in video games and subsequently began to enjoy chiptune music . By frequently listening to the radio , he started composing MIDI music using the NEC PC 9801 in 1985 . In 1987 , he attended a vocational school to study composition and arrangement in hopes of entering the gaming industry . After graduation , he joined the Kobe branch of Konami in 1991 , where he contributed music to eight arcade games with several collaborators over a three year period . Deciding he wanted to create more original music and have a chance to receive individual recognition , Nakano left Konami after completing the score for Golfing Greats 2 in 1994 . Nakano joined Square ( now Square Enix ) in 1995 . He created four pieces for the 1996 video game Front Mission Gun Hazard , which featured composers Nobuo Uematsu , Yasunori Mitsuda , and Masashi Hamauzu . His first solo project came about with Satellaview 's Treasure unk the same year . In 1996 , Nakano joined several of Square 's composers to create the soundtrack for the fighting game Tobal No. 1 he contributed three compositions . Hamauzu and Nakano became friends after working on Front Mission Gun Hazard and Tobal No. 1 , and they have later collaborated on several titles . In 1997 , Nakano served as synthesizer programmer for the score to Front Mission Alternative . Nakano composed the soundtrack for the Japan only adventure game Another Mind , which he was given a deadline of two months to complete . His subsequent score to the 1999 title Threads of Fate ( known as unk in Japan ) gave him worldwide recognition . Since scoring Threads of Fate , Nakano has collaborated with several composers on major projects instead of being the sole composer . In 2001 , Nakano and Hamauzu were chosen to assist Uematsu in the production of the score for the critically acclaimed Final Fantasy X , based on their ability to create music that was different from Uematsu 's style Nakano created 20 pieces . One of his tracks from the game , Guadosalam , was arranged for the piano and featured in the album Piano Collections Final Fantasy X ( 2002 ) . Following Final Fantasy X , Nakano composed the soundtrack to unk Ace Entertainment 's flight simulator Sidewinder F. Back at Square Enix , he created the music for Musashi Samurai Legend with Hamauzu and the duo unk Zeal ( Takayuki and Yuki Iwai ) in 2004 . In 2006 , Nakano created seven tracks for the Xbox 360 game Project Sylpheed , which also featured several other composers . Later the same year , he arranged four pieces from the Mana series for Dawn of Mana ( known as Seiken Densetsu 4 in Japan ) . He was also selected to arrange half of Final Fantasy IV 's Nintendo DS remake under the supervision of Uematsu , and composed the soundtrack to its 2008 sequel , Final Fantasy IV The After Years . On December 31 , 2009 , Nakano confirmed that he had left Square Enix and would be joining his former mentor and collaborator Yuji Takenouchi 's supergroup GeOnDan , whom have since disbanded . Nakano 's last projects for Square Enix before leaving were the soundtracks to Fullmetal Alchemist Prince of the Dawn and Daughter of the Dusk . Musical style and influences Nakano is best known for creating ambient music with percussive , timbral , and rhythmic elements . According to an interview conducted by the website unk , Nakano was composing music focusing on an instrument 's tone and acoustics until 1995 , while after that time , he slowly moved his focus toward studying the harmony and melody important to music as a whole . After joining Square , he started focusing on rhythm and timbre which he implemented in titles like Front Mission Gun Hazard , Treasure unk , and Tobal No. 1 . The music in Threads of Fate contains many different styles like ambient , jazz , and Spanish music the tracks have been described as mellow and upbeat . For Final Fantasy X , Nakano was responsible for most of the ambient styled compositions , which featured percussion , timbre , and rhythm . Nakano stated in the original soundtrack 's liner notes that he wanted to create music with a vibrant and dynamic feel that tied together his years of experience with game music . When starting out in the field of music , he was influenced by brass bands he was involved with and electronic organ music however , he could not think of a specific musician who influenced him . Nakano cites Hamauzu as the colleague he admires most at Square Enix , and is particularly interested in the sounds he creates . When asked about his thoughts of Uematsu and how he had influenced his work , Nakano replied He is a very youthful and active person , but he hasn 't influenced my work . Works
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3,198 | The 1979 FA Charity Shield was the 57th Charity Shield , an annual English football match played between the winners of the previous season 's Football League and FA Cup . It was held at Wembley Stadium on 11 August 1979 . The match was contested by Liverpool , champions of the 1978 79 Football League and Arsenal , who beat Manchester United in the final of the 1978 79 FA Cup . Watched by a crowd of 92 , 800 , Liverpool won the match 3 1 . This was Arsenal 's tenth Charity Shield appearance and Liverpool 's ninth . Arsenal made no changes to the first team which played in the FA Cup Final the previous season , whereas for Liverpool new signing Avi Cohen started on the bench . In the match Liverpool took the lead in the 38th minute when Terry McDermott scored past goalkeeper Pat Jennings . They extended their lead through Kenny Dalglish in the 63rd minute before McDermott added his second two minutes later . Alan Sunderland scored a consolation for Arsenal late on . Background and pre match The FA Charity Shield was founded in 1908 as a successor to the Sheriff of London Charity Shield . It was a contest between the respective champions of the Football League and Southern League , and then by 1913 teams of amateur and professional players . In 1921 , it was played by the Football League champions and FA Cup winners for the first time . This was the fifth year that Wembley Stadium played host to the Shield . Liverpool qualified for the 1979 FA Charity Shield as winners of the previous season 's First Division . Under manager Bob Paisley , the team amassed a then record points total of 68 and conceded the fewest goals in a 42 game Football League season with 16 . The other Charity Shield place went to Arsenal who beat Manchester United to win the final of the 1978 79 FA Cup . Arsenal led the game 2 0 , but conceded twice late into the match before retaking the lead in the 89th minute the final score was 3 2 . The game is referred to as the Five minute final as three goals were scored in that time frame . Liverpool had won three previous Shields outright ( 1966 , 1974 , 1976 ) , shared two with Manchester United ( 1965 and 1977 ) and one apiece with Everton ( 1986 ) and West Ham United ( 1964 ) . The club lost one Shield contest against Leicester City in 1971 . This was Arsenal 's first appearance in the Charity Shield in 10 years prior to the game they had won seven Shields ( 1930 , 1931 , 1933 , 1934 , 1938 , 1948 and 1953 ) , and lost two ( 1935 , 1936 ) . Before the match Paisley told reporters , Basically it is a conditioning game , part of the process of getting the players fit . Match Liverpool employed a traditional 4 4 2 formation , with David Johnson playing alongside Kenny Dalglish up front . Defender Avi Cohen was named on the substitutes ' bench , whereas Frank McGarvey signed from St Mirren in the close season was omitted from the matchday squad . Arsenal organised themselves similarly to their opponents and named an unchanged team from the one which won the FA Cup . Summary Liverpool dominated the opening exchanges , but struggled to create clear cut chances . They almost went a goal behind when Frank Stapleton 's header forced goalkeeper Ray Clemence into action . Seven minutes before the interval , Terry McDermott scored for Liverpool . The midfielder collected a pass from Ray Kennedy who surged through the centre , turned left and from outside the penalty area struck the ball low into the bottom left hand corner . Arsenal began the second half with more vigour , but struggled to suppress Liverpool 's attacks . Alan Kennedy found space to shoot after a one two with Ray , but his effort went over the post . Arsenal were forced to make a substitution around the hour mark after Sammy Nelson collided with McDermott and was concussed Willie Young replaced him . Liverpool extended their lead minutes later . Alan Hansen intercepted an Arsenal attack , strode forward and passed the ball to Dalglish . The striker approached the penalty area , cut inside Steve Walford and curled the ball into the right hand corner . John Hollins came on for David Price , at which point Liverpool scored their third . Dalglish dispossessed Liam Brady , but tripped himself in the process . Johnson collected the ball and played it back to Dalglish , who charged forward and sprayed a pass towards McDermott , the furthest forward player on the right . The midfielder 's shot went under the legs of Pat Jennings and into the goal . Alan Sunderland scored a late goal for Arsenal having combined well with Stapleton . This did not dampen the spirits of the Liverpool spectators , who chanted , What 's it like to be outclassed and , Why are we so great during the course of the 90 minutes . Details Post match Liverpool 's performance was greeted with applause from both sets of supporters as Phil Thompson led his team up to the Royal Box to receive the Charity Shield . Paisley was delighted with the manner of his team 's win and quipped , I am just sorry we didn 't get two points for it He praised the Wembley surface and said of McDermott 's first goal It captured what we are looking for the run , the control and the finish were perfect . Arsenal manager Terry Neill described the match as a great advertisement for football and felt his side contributed greatly in periods . Of his opponents , he said Liverpool are a smashing side and I don 't expect to meet anyone better this season . Indeed , Liverpool went on to retain the First Division title , withstanding pressure from Manchester United and ending their league campaign on 60 points . Arsenal finished three places behind in fourth , and reached the finals of the FA Cup and UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , only to end the season empty handed .
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3,199 | Love Me is a song by Canadian recording artist , Justin Bieber . The track was written by Bruno Mars , Ari Levine , and Philip Lawrence , and produced by DJ Frank E. It was released exclusively to iTunes as the first promotional single from his debut studio release , My World on October 26 , 2009 . An electropop song which also contains dance pop and R B music , the chorus interpolates the 1996 single Lovefool by the Swedish band The Cardigans . Love Me was one of the most well received tracks on the album , with critics complimenting its electro and club feel , and its usage of the Lovefool sample . The song peaked in Canada and in the U.S. at twelve and thirty seven , respectively . The song also charted in the United Kingdom on its main chart and R B chart , and in Australia . The music video for the song was released on August 3 , 2010 and serves as a tribute to his worldwide fans , thanking them for their support . The dominant scenes are made of up of live performances , behind the scenes footage , and Bieber standing in front of a blue and white backdrop dancing . Bieber opened every show on his My World Tour with the song . Background The song was produced by DJ Frank E at Side 3 Studios in Denver , Colorado . The song recorded by Bill Malina at Serenity Sound Studio in Cincinnati , Ohio . Mixing was done by Dave Pensado and Jaycen Joshua Fowler , at Larrabee Studios in North Hollywood , California . Taylor Graves and Bonnie McKee provided background vocals . Bieber originally stated that the third single from his debut album to be released exclusively on iTunes would be an acoustic remix of his lead single , One Time , and that it would be released on October 27 , 2009 . However plans were changed , and a week before the release , Bieber announced that a new song , Love Me would be released . It was released a day early on October 26 . Bieber took to Twitter with his shock saying that he was surprised himself . Composition Love Me is a pop song , which makes use of guitars bass and drums sounds . The chorus interpolates the song Lovefool by the Swedish band The Cardigans . According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Universal Music Publishing , Ltd . , Love Me is set in common time . The song is composed in the key of C minor with Bieber 's vocals spanning from the low note of Bb3 to the high note of Eb5 . The song follows in the chord progression of Cm A E B Reception The song was one of the most well received on the album . Mikael Wood of Entertainment Weekly said Bieber 's better on Love Me , where he riffs on the Cardigans ' Lovefool atop a killer electro glam groove . Mark Hirsh The Boston Globe , which was one of the few reviewers that gave the album a mixed analysis , said that Love Me was the essential song on the set . Washington Post also cited the song as one of the album 's best , referring to it as a modest club track . The New York Times said the track is probably the only release in recent memory that owes debts to both the Cardigans . Mike Diver of BBC Music called the song an electro infused reinterpretation of The Cardigans ' Lovefool , where Bieber exhibits the right kind of attitude , playful and endearing . Diver preferred Bieber in the song and wanted more of the cheeky chap rightfully having the time of his young life , rather than the adolescent playboy . Love Me had debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 and Billboard Hot 100 at twelve and thirty seven . It spent twelve non consecutive weeks on the Canadian chart and four in the United States . On the week ending January 10 , 2010 , Love Me entered the UK Singles Chart at eighty two , and later peaked at seventy one . It also debuted and peaked on the UK R B chart at twenty three , remaining on the chart for three weeks . It debuted and peaked in Australia at 100 . Promotion The music video for Love Me was directed by Alfredo Flores with Bieber as co director . It was released on August 3 , 2010 . Bieber said the video serves as a tribute to his worldwide fans , thanking them for their support . The dominant scenes are made of up of live performances . Other scenes of the video feature behind the scenes footage such as rehearsal sessions , fan meet and greets , making radio appearances , jokingly walking around with toilet paper sticking out of his pants , and scenes with friends and family . Bieber 's mentor , Usher , also makes an appearance in the video . The video also incorporates Bieber standing in front of a simple white backdrop dancing and draw ing hearts in the air , presumably directed at his loving fanbase relative to the songs theme , Love Me . Bieber performed the song several times including at the new Microsoft Store grand opening in Mission Viejo , California , on the Fearless Tour , on his radio promotion tour and Jingle Ball tour , and CBS ' The Early Show as a part of their Super Bowl programming . He also performed it in an unaired segment of VH1 's Pepsi Super Bowl Fan Jam , and at the 2010 Houston Rodeo with Selena Gomez . Bieber performed the song at a concert at the Hollywood Palladium . In a review of the performance , August Brown of the Los Angeles Times , said commended the song , saying the song tacks the indie pop chorus from the Cardigans Lovefool onto en vogue trance synthesizers and martial dance beats . Credits and personnel Songwriting Peter Hernandez , Philip Lawrence , Ari Levine , Peter Svensson , Nina Persson Production DJ Frank E Background vocals Taylor Graves , Bonnie McKee Vocal production and recording Bill Malina and DJ Frank E , assisted by Paul Bailey and JP The Specialist Negrete Mixing Jaycen Joshua Fowler and Dave Pensado , assisted by Giancarlo Lino Charts
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