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3,200 | Shanhua Temple ( Chinese unk pinyin unk unk ) is a Buddhist temple located in Datong , Shanxi Province , China . The temple was first founded during the early 8th century of the Tang Dynasty , but its earliest surviving building dates from the 11th century . The temple was heavily repaired over the years , and today three original halls and two recently rebuilt pavilions survive . The largest , and earliest hall , dating from the 11th century Liao Dynasty , is the Mahavira Hall and is one of the largest of its kind in China . Also historically significant are the Main Gate and Sansheng Hall , both dating from 12th century during the Jin dynasty . History The Shanhua Temple was first founded during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty ( 713 741 ) under the patronage of emperor Xuanzong , at which time it was known as the Kaiyuan Temple . After the fall of the Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties period ( 906 960 ) , the temple underwent a name change and was known as Da Pu unk . During this chaotic time , out of ten buildings at the temple , only three or four escaped destruction . After the takeover by the Liao Dynasty in 960 , the temple assumed its present configuration . The temple was again heavily damaged when the Jin dynasty took over in 1120 , and in 1128 repair work was started that took fifteen years to complete . In 1421 , more repairs were undertaken , this time by a monk named unk . In 1445 , he received an imperial presentation of sutras . This is also the first time that the temple was referred to by its present name , Shanhua Temple . In the late 16th century , drum and bell towers were built on the same stone platform ( yuetai , ) supporting the Mahavira Hall . Further repairs were made to the temple over the next two hundred years but by the late 18th century the temple was once again in a state of disrepair , and the use of one of the halls as a camel stable had caused a wall to collapse . During World War II , the Puxian pavilion was destroyed , and was rebuilt in 1953 . Architecture The Shanhua Temple today consists of three main halls ( The Mahavira Hall , the Sansheng Hall and the Main Gate ) arranged on a north south axis and two pavilions located to the east and west of the Sansheng Hall . There are also two smaller halls on each side of the Mahavira Hall . The main halls were all first built during the Liao Dynasty ( 907 1125 ) , but only the Mahavira Hall is now considered a Liao Building . The Main Gate and Sansheng Hall were extensively renovated during the subsequent Jin dynasty , and are classified by scholars as being Jin buildings . Main Hall The Main or Mahavira Hall ( unk , unk unk ) is the northernmost and largest hall , and dates from the 11th century . It measures seven by five bays ( 40 . 5 by 25 m ) and has three doors at the front of the hall . The hall is built on an elevated three meter high platform that was once the site of both a drum and bell tower that are no longer extant . According to the standards in the 11th century Chinese architectural treatise Yingzao Fashi , the hall is held up by fifth rank bracket sets ( unk ) in a system of eight ranks . The interior contains four large Buddha statues representing the four cardinal directions , and a central statue representing Sakyamuni . The statues are similar , and represent the Buddha displaying different mudras ( symbolic hand gestures ) . Above the Sakyamuni statue , is a caisson ( Chinese unk pinyin unk ) , an octagonal wooden ceiling that is painted and decorated . Along with other statues of disciples and attendants grouped with the large statues , there are also 24 deva statues located next to the east and west walls . There are 190 square meters of murals in the hall . They date from 1708 to 1716 , but have been damaged over the years . Sansheng Hall The Sansheng Hall ( Chinese unk pinyin unk unk literally Hall of Three Sages ) is the middle hall , and was built during the Jin dynasty . It houses statues of the three sages of the unk Sutra a central one of Vairocana ( the universal aspect of Shakyamuni ) and two accompanying statues of Manjusri and Samantabhadra . The hall has very few central pillars for its support and depends on complex rafters and brackets of the 6th rank for its support . Puxian Pavilion The Puxian Pavilion ( Chinese unk pinyin unk unk ) was initially built during the Liao Dynasty , and was examined by Liang Sicheng in the 1930s . He reported a heavily damaged structure with two stories . On the first story was a miniature building and niche with two images . On the top story was a statue of the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra . The building was rebuilt in 1953 after having been destroyed during the war . The pavilion measures three bays by two , but is nearly a perfect square . It is built on a short stone platform called a yuetai ( ) which is accessed by a short set of stairs . While from the outside , the pavilion appears to only have two stories , there are actually three , with the second floor being hidden from outside view . Each of the exterior levels is surrounded by a perimeter of columns . Wenshu Pavilion This pavilion ( Chinese unk pinyin unk unk ) was destroyed in the early 20th century after it caught fire after being converted into a tannery . It was rebuilt in 2008 by the local government . Main Gate The Main Gate ( Chinese unk pinyin Shn unk ) is a large hall that was built during the Jin dynasty in the 12th century , and is the entrance building of the temple . The hall contains statues of the four heavenly kings , with two on the east side , and two on the west side . It is five bays long , and two bays wide and has an area of 278 square meters . The brackets used to support the structure are of the 5th rank .
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3,201 | Severe Tropical Storm Zelda was the last storm of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season . A disturbance formed near the International Date Line , and strengthened into a tropical depression on November 27 . The Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) reported that the depression had reached tropical storm intensity , thus naming it Zelda . The storm quickly strengthened into a Category 1 typhoon on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale near the Marshall Islands on November 29 . It reached peak of 110 km h ( 70 mph ) , with a barometric pressure of 975 mbar ( 28 . 8 inHg ) . The tropical storm traveled northwestward , and later northeastward . Zelda soon weakened into a tropical storm , and then a tropical depression . The JTWC discontinued warnings on December 4 , while the Japanese Meteorological Agency ( JMA ) continued to track the storm until it crossed the International Date Line again on December 7 . Zelda caused significant damage to the Marshall Islands . Operations at Kwajalein Missile Range were disrupted severely . About 60 percent of homes were destroyed in Ebeye , leaving 6 , 000 people without residence . Nearly all crops on the islands were destroyed , and food and other supplies were contaminated by salt . No deaths or injuries were reported . Later in December , President George H. W. Bush declared the storm to be a major disaster , allowing the Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) to assist . The Marshall Islands also requested funds from other countries . Meteorological history In late November , a circulation was generated near the International Date Line by westerly winds . It was included in the Significant Tropical Weather Advisory at 0600 UTC on November 25 . Vertical wind shear prevented strengthening at first , but the disturbance later continued to develop . A tropical cyclone formation alert soon followed from the JTWC . JMA started tracking the disturbance at 0600 UTC on November 27 , and JTWC issued their first warning 18 hours later on the depression , naming it 31W . The depression quickly intensified , and it became a tropical storm at 0000 UTC on November 28 for JTWC , with winds of 65 km h ( 40 mph ) . Operationally , the storm was upgraded twenty four hours later , after Kwajalein received stronger winds than expected . JMA upgraded the storm at 0300 UTC on November 29 . The tropical storm received the name Zelda . JMA upgraded Zelda to a severe tropical storm eighteen hours later . Zelda rapidly intensified into a Category 1 typhoon on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale at 1200 UTC of November 29 , with winds of 120 km h ( 75 mph ) , near the Marshall Islands . At that time , JMA kept it as a tropical storm with winds of 80 km h ( 50 mph ) , with a pressure reading of 990 mbar ( 29 inHg ) . JMA estimated Zelda has reached peak around 0600 UTC on November 30 at 110 km h ( 70 mph ) , with a barometric pressure of 975 mbar ( 28 . 8 inHg ) . Six hours later , JTWC reported the storm has reached the peak of 145 km h ( 90 mph ) , west of Enewetak . Later , a trough created by Typhoon Yuri caused the subtropical ridge to weaken , allowing Zelda to move northward . By December 1 , the storm began to weaken and turned northeast . On December 2 , JMA reported the storm had weaken to 100 km h ( 60 mph ) , and JTWC weakened it to 130 km h ( 80 mph ) . The storm weakened below Category 1 typhoon strength on 1800 UTC of the same day , with winds of 110 km h ( 70 mph ) . Upper level winds soon increased , and Zelda 's central convection became sheared . JMA downgraded Zelda to a tropical storm on December 3 , and to a tropical depression later that day . A few hours later , JTWC downgraded the storm to a tropical depression , as it turned slightly northwestward , something they did not expect . The circulation detached from the frontal cloud line , and JTWC issued the last warning of the year . The depression turned back northeastward , and JMA stopped tracking just past the International Date Line on December 7 . Impact and aftermath The storm affected Marshall Islands around November 28 , producing winds as high as 160 km h ( 100 mph ) . The storm impacted islands of Kwajalein , Majuro , Lae , unk , and Eniwetok . Kwajalein Missile Range caught stronger winds than expected from the storm , and operations in the missile range were affected severely . Zelda also produced a pressure of 990 . 1 hPa ( 29 . 24 inHg ) , which was the lowest pressure ever recorded on Kwajalein . Later , In Ebeye , 60 percent of homes were destroyed , and 6 , 000 people were left homeless . Food and water supplies were contaminated from salt in surge waves , and the water desalination plant became inoperable . Fresh water production records since 1989 were lost during the storm . The local hospital was still intact , but a few power lines were cut . There were no deaths or significant injuries . Other islands in the nation had their water contaminated by saltwater , and 95 percent of the crops were destroyed by the storm surge . Coral reefs were also damaged when the storm came nearby . The U.S. Army engaged in cleanup and repairing in the country . On December 6 , the 834th Airlift Division sent six C 130s to Kwajalein with supplies . On the same day , President George H. W. Bush declared a major disaster , allowing federal funding to be sent to Arno , Aur , Kwajalein , Lae , Lib , Namu and unk islands . Despite already getting funding from the United States , Marshall Islands requested for aid via United Nations Disaster Relief Organization ( UNDRO ) on December 18 . By March 26 , 1992 , about 98 , 000 ( 1991 USD ) worth of relief goods were sent to the Marshall Islands , from UNDRO , United Nations Development Programme ( UNDP ) , and Australia . FEMA sent 1 . 518 million ( 1991 USD ) to affected families .
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3,202 | Philostrate ( meaning lover of battle ) is a fictional character in a number of literary works , including William Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( 1596 ) . In that play , he is the Master of Revels at Theseus ' court , meaning he is in charge of his lord 's entertainments , making recommendations to Theseus , as well as altering the text of some of the plays performed in his court . Shakespeare may have used this character to poke fun at play censorship in London at the time . In early performances of the play , the actor who played this character probably also played the part of Egeus , Hermia 's strict father . There is only one scene in Act V where both Egeus and Philostrate are present , and in this scene Egeus ' character would have taken all of Philostrate 's lines as his own . Role in the play As Theseus 's head guard , Philostrate is asked to defend his Lord and also makes recommendations for plays to help while away the time . Theseus rejects all of the plays except Pyramus and Thisbe , which Philostrate has given a particularly bad review . He advises the betrothed king not to choose The Mechanicals ' ( the workers ' ) play because it is badly rehearsed Theseus , eager to please his fiancee , Hippolyta , and the rest of his court , chooses Pyramus and Thisbe despite Philostrate 's efforts . Because of its unk , the play turns out to be humorous . unk In most contemporary performances Philostrate 's name is usually pronounced unk uh straight , ( to rhyme with illustrate ) with a short uh rather than a long oo because the medial vowel is unaccented . However , a variation to this would be based on the conventions of classical Greek . In this case , the final e would be pronounced ( as an ee or aye ) , giving the name four syllables , and the accent would shift from the first syllable , to either the second or third syllable , depending on whether the medial syllables are considered short or long . It would then be pronounced fill uh unk tay . Context Shakespeare is known for borrowing plots and characters from other stories , but the source of A Midsummer Night 's Dream has proved difficult to trace . There is no clear parallel to its plot in the literature of his time . However , many of its characters ' names and relationships are borrowed from Chaucer 's Canterbury Tales and Philostrate is no exception . His name is the pseudonym adopted by unk upon covertly returning to Athens in The Knight 's Tale to work for Theseus . ( A Knight 's Tale was dramatized nearly twenty years later by Shakespeare and Fletcher as The Two Noble Kinsmen . ) Chaucer himself took the name Philostrate from Boccaccio 's poem Il Filostrato , a story about Troilus and Criseyde . Because Chaucer 's unk adopts this identity to become a servant at Theseus ' court , it is possible that the Midsummer Night 's Dream character is meant to be the same person in a continuation of the story . However , the two characters have little else in common . Another candidate for the source of Philostrate 's character is Philostratus the Elder , the author of Comus , a play which has similarities to Midsummer Night 's Dream . Philostrate 's duty in Theseus ' court is to examine the play that Nick Bottom and the others are about to perform and to make suggestions for improvement . It is also his duty to advise Theseus on matters of entertainment . Theseus calls him our usual manager of mirth . The official term for Philostrate 's position in the Court is the Master of Revels . In Shakespeare 's day , the Queen of England had her own Master of Revels appointed to oversee all entertainment in London . Before a play could be performed , its script had to go through him , and whenever the Queen wanted to see a play , he would make recommendations . By 1581 ( over a decade before the writing of Dream ) , all plays had to be approved by the Master of Revels prior to being performed . Shakespeare seems to be poking fun at the profession through Philostrate . At one point , when Theseus asks Philostrate to recommend a play to help pass the time , he lists several which sound ridiculous , such as the battle with the centaurs to be sung by an Athenian eunuch to the harp . These names are humorous examples of the types of plays that were actually being performed around the time of Dream . They were becoming old however , and , like Theseus , monarchs were searching for something new , refreshing , and sophisticated . Performances In original performances of A Midsummer Night 's Dream , the actor who played Egeus and the actor who played Philostrate were probably one and the same . This can be gathered through discrepancies between the First Folio and earlier quarto versions of the play . In Act V , scene 1 , for example , the quartos say Call Philostrate in several places where the 1623 Folio says Call Egeus . This would be an easy mistake to make if one actor had spoken both parts in this scene . One actor filling both roles explains the jumbled dialogue in this scene . Howard Furness , editor of several Shakespeare editions , interprets this a little differently , saying that Shakespeare may not have originally intended both roles to be played by the same person , but that directors combined the roles to save money . In any case , Act V , scene 1 is the only scene in which both men are present at the same time . In cases where one actor was playing both roles , Egeus ' character would probably have filled both roles in this scene , absorbing Philostrate 's lines into his own . However , during Act V , there is no mention of Egeus , nor does he have a speaking role . It is logical , however , that he would have been in attendance since it is also his daughter Hermia 's wedding that the group if there to celebrate .
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3,203 | The sicklefin weasel shark ( Hemigaleus microstoma ) is an uncommon species of ground shark in the family unk . It is native to southern India , southern China , and parts of Southeast Asia , living in shallow waters down to a depth of 170 m ( 560 ft ) . This lightly built shark is characterized by its very short mouth , broad upper teeth with serrations only on the trailing edge , and strongly sickle shaped fins with obvious white tips on the two dorsal fins . It is light grey or bronze in colour , often with small white blotches on its sides , and reaches a maximum known length of 1 . 1 m ( 3 . 6 ft ) . Spending most of its time close to the sea floor , the sicklefin weasel shark is a specialist predator of cephalopods . Its reproductive mode is viviparous , in which the unborn young form a placental connection to their mother . Females probably give birth twice a year , with each litter consisting of two to four pups . The sicklefin weasel shark is widely caught by artisanal fisheries and used for meat , fins , and fishmeal its low natural abundance and reproductive rate mean that it cannot sustain much fishing pressure . Given that fishing activity is intense throughout its range , the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) has assessed this species as Vulnerable . Taxonomy Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker described the sicklefin weasel shark in 1852 . He gave it the specific epithet microstoma , from the Greek mikros ( small ) and stoma ( mouth ) , and placed it in a new genus , Hemigaleus . His account was based on two females from Jakarta , Indonesia , measuring 63 and 70 cm ( 25 and 28 in ) long . This species was once thought to occur off Australia , but that population is now recognised as a distinct species , H. australiensis . unk Chu 's 1960 description of unk unk from Chinese waters is probably of the same species as H. microstoma . Albert William Herre 's 1929 description of Hemigaleus unk from the Philippines , though lacking in detail , is also consistent with being of this species . Description The sicklefin weasel shark is a slender bodied species reaching 1 . 1 m ( 3 . 6 ft ) in length . The snout is fairly long and rounded , with the nostrils preceded by short flaps of skin . The large , oval eyes are unk with nictitating membranes and are followed by minute spiracles . The mouth forms a very short , wide arch and conceals the teeth when closed . Moderately long furrows are present at the corners of the mouth . There are 25 34 upper and 37 43 lower tooth rows the upper teeth are broad and angled with a smooth leading edge and strongly serrated trailing edge , while the lower teeth are narrow , erect , and smooth edged . The five pairs of gill slits are short . The fins are strongly falcate ( sickle shaped ) , particularly the dorsal fins , pelvic fins , and lower caudal fin lobe . The pectoral fins are narrow and pointed . The first dorsal fin is positioned about halfway between the pectoral and pelvic fins . The second dorsal fin is about two thirds as tall as the first and is positioned slightly ahead of the anal fin . The anal fin is smaller than the second dorsal fin . The dorsal surface of the caudal peduncle bears a crescent shaped notch at the caudal fin origin . The asymmetrical caudal fin has a well developed lower lobe and a long upper lobe with a ventral notch near the tip . The dermal denticles are small and overlapping each has five horizontal ridges leading to marginal teeth . This species is light grey or bronze above , often with small white spots on the sides , and pale below . The dorsal fins are tipped in white , which is especially obvious on the second dorsal as the remainder of fin is mostly dark . Distribution and habitat The sicklefin weasel shark is found off southern India and Sri Lanka , as well as from southern China and Taiwan to Java and Borneo . It may also occur in the Philippines and the Red Sea , though specimens from these regions need to be compared taxonomically with those from its confirmed range . It does not seem to be very common naturally . This species inhabits continental and insular shelves from inshore waters to at least a depth of 170 m ( 560 ft ) , and usually swims close to the sea floor . Biology and ecology The diet of the sicklefin weasel shark is composed almost entirely of cephalopods , though crustaceans and echinoderms may be infrequently eaten . Its small mouth and short gill slits may be adaptations for capturing cephalopods via suction , while its weak jaws and small teeth reflect a diet of mostly soft bodied prey . This species is viviparous , wherein the developing embryos are sustained to term through a placental connection formed from the depleted yolk sac . Females likely produce two litters per year , implying a gestation period of under six months . Between two and four pups are born at a time ( average 3 . 3 ) newborns measure approximately 45 cm ( 18 in ) long . Males mature sexually at around 74 75 cm ( 29 30 in ) long , while females mature at around 75 78 cm ( 30 31 in ) long . Human interactions The sicklefin weasel shark is not dangerous to humans . It is caught by artisanal fishers throughout its range , mostly in drifting and bottom gillnets but also in bottom trawls and on longlines . The meat is eaten , the fins are used in shark fin soup , and the offal is processed into fishmeal . However , the small size of this shark limits its economic value . The International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) has assessed the sicklefin weasel shark as Vulnerable , noting that it is naturally uncommon and resides in heavily fished regions . In addition , compared to the related Australian weasel shark it is less productive and thus less resilient to withstand fishing pressure .
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3,204 | Pholiota flammans , commonly known as the yellow unk , the flaming Pholiota , or the flame unk , is a basidiomycete agaric mushroom of the genus Pholiota . Its fruit body is golden yellow in color throughout , while its cap and stem are covered in sharp scales . As it is a saprobic fungus , the fruit bodies typically appear in clusters on the stumps of dead coniferous trees . P. flammans is distributed throughout Europe , North America , and Asia in boreal and temperate regions . Its edibility has not been clarified . Taxonomy This species was first recognised in 1783 by the German , August Batsch , as Agaricus flammans , and later sanctioned by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in his Systema Mycologicum . The specific epithet flammans is a Latin adjective meaning flaming . In 1871 , with the recognition of Pholiota as an independent genus with type species Pholiota squarrosa , another German , Paul Kummer renamed the fungus Pholiota flammans . Lucien Qulet , a French mycologist , proposed another synonym , unk flammans in 1886 . American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill called the species unk flammans in his 1912 study of Pacific Coast mushrooms , although he did not explain his rationale for transferring the species to unk . In the organization of Rolf Singer , the species is placed in subgenus Pholiota , section unk , stirps unk a grouping of closely related species that also includes P. unk and P. unk . The species in stirps unk are characterised by having conspicuous erect tufts or scales on the cap surface that are easily sloughed off by rain and age in lieu of the gelatinous nature of the underlying cap cuticle . It is commonly known as the yellow Pholiota , the flaming Pholiota , or the flame unk . Description Pholiota flammans often has a striking appearance . The cap is initially round , then convex and finally flattening with age . Its surface is bright yellow to orange , and covered with triangular scales ( squamules ) arranged in concentric rings . The cap surface is dry , matt and felt like , and in wet conditions may lose scales . The cap margin remain curved slightly inwards . The yellow gills are crowded together , attached to the stem , and have a notch where the gill attaches to the stem . A bright yellow partial veil extending from the cap edge to the edge is present in immature species . As the cap expands and flattens with age , the partial veil tears , leaving a faint ring around the stem . The cylindrical straight or curved stem is itself covered in yellow squamules below the ring . The base of the stem , typically more orange in color than the upper portion , is firmly attached to the dead wood from which the fungus arises . The section of stem above the ring bears little or no protuberances . The flesh is firm , full , yellow and does not change color when bruised or injured . The dimensions of the fruit body are as follows cap diameter up to 8 cm ( 3 . 1 in ) , stem up to 12 cm ( 4 . 7 in ) tall and between 0 . 4 to 1 cm ( 0 . 2 to 0 . 4 in ) cm thick . As the fruit body matures , the gills darken to cinnamon brown following spore release . The spore mass is colored brown to rust . Microscopic features Under a light microscope , the spores are seen to be smooth , elliptical to oblong in shape , with dimensions of 3 5 by 2 3 m . The basidia ( the spore bearing cells ) are 4 spored , and have a narrow club shape with dimension of 18 22 by 3 . 5 4 . 5 m . The gill cystidia are seen to stain blue when cotton blue dye and lactate are applied . The cap cuticle is made of an approximately 100 m thick layer of gelatinous hyphae that are about 2 4 m thick . The gelatinous hyphae are only present on the cap surface , not the surface of the stem these local differences in cell structure explain the ease with which the scales are sloughed off the cap , but not the stems of the fruit bodies . The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the mycelia of this species grown in culture have been described in detail . Edibility Pholiota flammans fruit bodies bear no distinctive smell and taste mild to slightly bitter . Opinions are divided as to its edibility , however , as some authors regard the mushroom as inedible , while others consider it edible or of unknown edibility . Similar species Other members of the genus Pholiota may be mistaken for Pholiota flammans , especially Pholiota squarrosa which commonly forms large tufts at the base of deciduous as well as coniferous trees . P. squarrosa tends to be a less intense yellow color than P. flammans . P. unk is also similar , but prefers to grow on dead hardwoods unlike P. flammans , it has gelatinous scales on the stem as well as the cap . The North American species once described by Alexander H. Smith , P. kauffmaniana , is closely related to P. flammans , but differs in having a more distinctly viscid cap . Smith was later to revise his opinion on the existence of P. kauffmaniana as a unique species he believed that environmental variations in humidity were the cause of differences in the cap cuticle gelatinization observed in unk collected from different North American locales . P. kauffmaniana is now considered synonymous with P. flammans . Habitat and distribution Being saprobic , P. flammans is found exclusively on dead and decaying stumps and trunks of coniferous trees , with fruit bodies appearing in tufts or singly , from summer to autumn . It is a fungus with a wide geographical distribution in boreal and temperate regions , and may be considered common to rare depending upon the region in which it occurs . It is found throughout Europe ( from the British Isles to Russia ) and North America ( southern Canada and the USA ) . The species has also been collected in Asia , including India and China .
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3,205 | Stefanie Rabatsch ( ne Isak born 28 December 1887 ) was an Austrian woman of the upper middle class known for being the unrequited love subject of Adolf Hitler , the future leader of the Nazi Party and dictator of Nazi Germany , when he was a teenager . Her Jewish sounding maiden name has been subject to much speculation . Stefanie was born into a family of high social status . Hitler fell in love with her after she passed by him during her daily daughter mother stroll in Linz , glancing at him . Although madly in love with her to the point of suicide , Hitler never once spoke with her , and she later married an Austrian army officer . August Kubizek , a close childhood friend and later biographer of his childhood experience with Hitler , wrote about Hitler 's passion for her in his book , Adolf Hitler , My Childhood Friend . Stefanie stated in interviews that she was unaware of Hitler 's feelings towards her , and little is known about her life . Background August Kubizek , a music student from Linz , first met Hitler when the two were competing for a place to stand during an opera performance . According to him , Hitler 's passion for Stefanie began in spring 1905 , when he was 16 and attending school in Linz , and lasted until 1909 , when he was 20 . Kubizek recalls the first time he heard about Hitler 's obsession in his memoirs Born Stefanie Izak , she came from a family of higher social class than Hitler 's . She is thought to have been one or two years older than him . Stefanie had returned to Linz after professional training in Munich and Geneva . Kubizek describes her as a distinguished looking girl , tall and slim . She had thick fair hair , which she mostly wore swept back in a bun . Her eyes were very beautiful . Kubizek 's book was heavily edited during the Nazi period , especially the parts concerning the details of Hitler 's passion for Rabatsch , but was republished in many editions after the war . Interaction with Hitler According to Kubizek , Hitler never spoke to Stefanie , always saying he would do so tomorrow . He loathed those who flirted with her , especially the military officers , whom he called conceited unk he came to feel an uncompromising enmity towards the officer class as a whole , and everything military in general . It annoyed him that Stefanie mixed with such idlers who , he insisted , wore corsets and used scent . Hitler insisted that Kubizek stalk Stefanie and delivered daily reports on her activity while he was away visiting his mother or family . In one report , Kubizek wrote that Stefanie loved to dance and had taken lessons . Hitler disliked dancing and reportedly replied , Stefanie only dances because she is forced to by society on which she unfortunately depends on . Once Stefanie is my wife , she won 't have the slightest desire to dance In June 1906 , Stefanie gave Hitler a smile and a flower from her bouquet as she was passing him in her carriage . Kubizek later described the scene After Hitler 's mother died of breast cancer in 1907 , the funeral procession went through unk to Leonding . Kubizek remarks that Hitler said he had seen Stefanie at the funeral procession , which gave him some consolation . Kubizek claims that Stefanie had no idea how deeply Adolf was in love with her she regarded him as a somewhat shy , but nevertheless remarkably tenacious and faithful , admirer . When she responded with a smile to his inquiring glance , he was happy and his mood became unlike anything I had ever observed in him . But when Stefanie , as happened just as often , coldly ignored his gaze , he was crushed and ready to destroy himself and the whole world . Hitler finally stated he planned to kidnap Stefanie and kill both her and himself by jumping off a bridge into the Danube . Instead he moved to Vienna , where an idealised image of Stefanie became his moral touchstone . Stefanie stated in later interviews that she was unaware of Hitler at the time , but that she had received an anonymous love letter asking her to wait for him to graduate and then to marry him , which she only realised after being questioned about him , must have been from Hitler . She recalled She became engaged in 1908 to an officer in the Hessian regiment stationed in Linz , and after the end of the Second World War she lived in Vienna . At Christmas in 1913 , when he was living in Munich , Hitler placed an anonymous personal ad in the Linz newspaper with his best wishes to her , but she was already married and in Vienna by then . She was interviewed and Hitler 's love for her dramatised in a 1973 Austro German television film called A Young Man From the unk . Little is known about her overall life . Jewish sounding maiden name Despite her Jewish sounding surname , Stefanie was not Jewish . However , most historians agree that Hitler would have assumed Stefanie was of Jewish origin . American historian Graeme Donald believes Hitler would have inferred that she was Jewish , but saw no problems with this at the time . This view is supported by German historian Anton unk , who stated in a BBC interview that Hitler must have assumed she was Jewish because of her Jewish surname . British historian Paul Roland wrote in his book Nazi Women that it didn 't make the slightest difference to Hitler whether she was Jewish or not . Scholarly reactions Hugh Trevor Roper considered Kubizek 's memoirs to be a valuable examination of Hitler 's early life , but also thought it did not answer all the questions historians would have wanted to see answered . Ian Kershaw , in whose judgement Kubizek 's book had the assistance of a ghostwriter , considers the story of Stefanie exaggerated . Kershaw further states that to Hitler , Stefanie was a person to be admired from afar and not approached in person .
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3,206 | Guthy Renker ( pronounced unk thee Ren ker ) is a Santa Monica , California , based direct response marketing company that sells products directly to consumers through infomercials , television ads , direct mail , telemarketing , e mail marketing , and the Internet . As of 2014 , it has 8 different product groups , with an emphasis on celebrity endorsed beauty products . Guthy Renker was founded in 1988 by Bill Guthy and Greg Renker . In 1995 , it began distributing the acne treatment Proactiv , which became responsible for more than half its revenues by 2005 . The company also created seven subsidiaries in the late 1990s for different products and advertising channels . It founded an infomercial channel , unk , which was sold to TVN Entertainment Corporation in 1999 . Guthy Renker 's revenues grew from 400 million in 2001 to 1 . 5 billion by 2009 . History Guthy Renker was founded in November 1988 by Bill Guthy and Greg Renker , who met at the Indian Wells Racquet Club and Resort in Indian Wells , California . They considered starting an infomercial company after an order was placed at Guthy 's cassette duplication company , Cassette Productions Unlimited , for 50 , 000 copies of a real estate lecture to be sold through infomercials . At the time many infomercials mimicked talk shows and investigative news specials , raising concerns among consumers and policy makers that the programs were misleading . To avoid the controversial practice , Guthy Renker disclosed that their infomercials were paid advertisements at the beginning of each program . It made professional quality productions . Renker was invited to testify to a Congressional subcommittee in 1990 regarding ethics in advertising , which led Guthy Renker and others to form the National unk Marketing Association to create industry standards . The following year , the firm had to cut back operations , because news coverage of the Persian Gulf War drew viewers away from infomercials . Ron Perelman of Forbes Holdings Inc. bought a 37 . 5 percent share of Guthy Renker in 1993 in exchange for 25 million and priority access to air time on Perelman 's television stations . At the time , Guthy Renker had grown to 60 million in revenue . In 1996 , Perelman 's stake in the company was resold to News Corp and Guthy Renker bought it back . Two years later , Goldman Sachs bought a stake in the company that valued Guthy Renker at 3 billion , and a Japanese trading company , unk Iwai Group , bought a 17 percent portion of Guthy Renker 's Asia subsidiary for 9 million . Guthy Renker created a television station for infomercials called unk in 1996 , which was sold to TVN Entertainment Corporation in 1999 . From 1995 1997 , the firm created seven new subsidiaries . These included Guthy Renker Radio , Internet , Select Network , International and Fitness , as well as subsidiaries like an online dating service and a psychic business that did not perform well . Guthy Renker partnered with National Media Corp. to help market some of its fitness products , which led to a legal dispute that was settled with undisclosed terms in 1997 . Guthy Renker claimed National Media Corp. excessively aired infomercials for an exercise machine , the Fitness Flyer , and started selling an unauthorized imitation of the original . National claimed Guthy Renker had not provided enough Fitness Flyers to meet demand . Guthy Renker grew to 400 million in revenue by 2001 and 1 . 5 billion by 2009 . In 2011 , Guthy Renker acquired a portion of Paramount Equity Mortgage , a solar energy , insurance and mortgage loans company . Products Guthy Renker 's first products were self help and motivational courses . The founders bought the rights to a self help book they were both fans of , Think and Grow Rich , for 100 , 000 and aired their first infomercial selling the book in 1988 . The infomercials were hosted by former football quarterback Fran Tarkenton and grossed 10 million in sales . Another early product marketed by Guthy Renker was Tony Robbins 's Personal Power series of motivational lectures . The company started to sell cosmetics and skin care products in 1991 , starting with the Principal Secret cosmetics line endorsed by Victoria Principal , after market research showed that 70 percent of Guthy Renker 's audience were women . In the 1990s , the company started marketing housewares , the Perfect Smile teeth whitening product and fitness products like the Fitness Flyer , Perfect Abs and Perfect Buns and Thighs . By 1996 , 40 percent of the company 's revenues were from fitness products . Guthy Renker uses infomercials , television ads , direct mail , telemarketing and the internet to sell products directly to the consumer . The firm 's infomercials have production costs exceeding 1 million and usually feature celebrity endorsers . In 2010 , Guthy Renker sold 15 different products . Approximately half of Guthy Renker 's revenues in 2005 came from the Proactiv acne treatment , and 30 percent of its revenues were from international sources . Guthy Renker also markets the Meaningful Beauty anti aging skin care system endorsed by Cindy Crawford and developed by Jean Louis unk . The Sheer Cover brand of mineral makeup is endorsed by Leeza Gibbons . The company also manages the In an Instant line of skin care products endorsed by Heidi Klum and the Malibu Pilates exercise equipment endorsed by Susan Lucci . Guthy Renker s Proactiv line is endorsed by celebrities , including Jessica Simpson and Kelly Clarkson . The brand has average annual revenue of 1 billion . In January 2015 , it was announced that Brooke Shields would be the new celebrity endorser for Wen Hair Care developed by Chaz Dean . She was reportedly a fan of the brand 's Cleansing unk .
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3,207 | Business School is the seventeenth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's forty fifth episode overall . Written by Brent Forrester , and directed by Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Firefly creator Joss Whedon , the episode aired on NBC on February 15 , 2007 . In the episode , Michael is invited by Ryan to speak to his business school class . When many of the students question the usefulness of paper in a computerized world , Michael attempts to inform the class of how essential paper is . Meanwhile , a bat becomes trapped in the office , leading Dwight and Creed on a mission to protect the employees . Plot Ryan Howard ( B. J. Novak ) invites Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) to speak at his business school class . Michael is excited , but Ryan admits in a talking head interview that he has only invited Michael because his professor promised to bump up the grade of any student who brings his boss into class . During his introduction of Michael to his classmates , Ryan predicts that Dunder Mifflin will become obsolete within five to ten years . However , Michael could not hear him and proceeds to ruin the event with his antics ( including tearing pages out of a student 's textbook to prove you can 't learn from textbooks ) . Michael is then taken aback when one of Ryan 's classmates asks for Michael 's opinion of Ryan 's prediction . Infuriated and hurt , Michael punishes Ryan by relocating his desk to the annex , where Kelly Kapoor ( Mindy Kaling ) works , who babbles uncontrollably in excitement . Meanwhile , Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) discovers a bat in the ceiling , and accidentally lets it loose into the office , sending the employees scurrying for cover . Stanley immediately goes home . As many of the employees hide , Dwight enlists the help of Creed ( Creed Bratton ) to expel the bat . Jim Halpert ( John Krasinski ) exploits Dwight 's paranoia , and pretends that he is turning into a vampire . Dwight eventually catches the bat with a garbage bag after it lands on Meredith 's head . Pam Beesly ( Jenna Fischer ) , in the meantime , invites her co workers to her art show after work , but few show any enthusiasm , leaving her feeling alienated and sad . The art show doesn 't go as planned , and she begins to doubt her abilities . When Oscar Martinez ( Oscar Nunez ) shows up with his partner Gil , they critique her art , and note that Pam 's art has been let down by her lack of courage , not realizing that she is standing right behind them . As she begins to take her work down , Michael appears and , in a moment of sincere kindness , compliments her work and asks to buy her drawing of the office building . Pam embraces him as her eyes tear up . Michael soon places Pam 's drawing on the wall next to his office . Production Business School was the second Office episode written by Brent Forrester . Forrester had previously written The Merger . The episode was the first to be directed by Joss Whedon . Whedon , who is a friend of both producer Greg Daniels and Jenna Fischer , and also met most of the production staff prior to the episode , stated that he chose to direct the episode because I already know the writing staff and a bunch of the cast , and I adore the show . When informed that the episode was about a bat entering into the office and one of the characters pretending to be a vampire , Whedon thought that it was a joke , stating Didn 't I just leave this party in reference to Buffy the Vampire Slayer . In an interview featured on the third season DVD , Whedon joked that the Business School episode and his former TV show were very similar because Buffy ... was sad and depressing but ... it was funny . Especially when people died . And a lot of people do die in ' Business School ' . But upon completing the episode , Whedon stated That was just coincidence . But that 's how that happened . God , it was fun . Whedon stated that he was surprised with the amount of input he was allowed with the script . I wouldn 't say freedom to do things with it ... But way more input was asked for than I would have ever anticipated . At Pam 's art show , the pieces which she was supposed to have painted didn 't suit Whedon . I got to the set and saw Pam 's art , and I was like , ' This is not right . ' Whedon said that he held up filming for over an hour until the staff was able create new pieces of art . For the scenes which involved filming with a bat , the production team used an actual bat , an animated bat , and a mechanical bat . When around the actual bat , Kate Flannery , who portrays Meredith Palmer , stated that we had to be extremely quiet around it , basically pretending to scream . California State University , Northridge served as the backdrop for Ryan 's business school and the art show . Reception The episode received generally good reviews from critics . Brian Zoromski , of IGN , stated that ' Business School ' was an exercise in what works best in an Office episode . Zoromski also praised Joss Whedon 's directorial debut for the show , stating that Whedon 's direction and sense of humor was both excellently put to use and alluded to in the scenes in which Jim hilariously pretended to become a vampire . Zoromski went on to say that the acting of John Krasinski and Rashida Jones , who portrays Karen Filippelli , helped to make the vampire scenes the funniest parts of the episode . He gave the episode a 9 . 1 out of 10 . Abby West , of Entertainment Weekly , stated that This show has always been able to turn on a dime and take the comedy to a soul stirring dramatic climax with just the lightest of touches , and last night was no different . West went on to praise Michael and Pam 's scene at the art show as one of these moments .
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3,208 | Raymond Barry unk Ray Jones ( 28 August 1988 25 August 2007 ) was an English professional footballer who played as a striker . He was known as one of the best young players in English football outside the Premier League . Jones spent his professional career at Queens Park Rangers , making his debut in the Football League Championship in April 2006 . His good form at the start of the following season led to his only international match , for England under 19 against the Netherlands , as well as bids for other clubs to sign him . He totalled six goals in 37 professional matches . Jones died three days before his 19th birthday , when he drove head on into a bus in London . His club retired his shirt number of 31 . An inquest into the accident ruled that had Jones survived , he would have faced charges of death by dangerous driving for the deaths of his two passengers . Career Born in East Ham , London , Jones was rejected as a youth team player at Colchester United before impressing the coaches at Queens Park Rangers ( QPR ) . He made his professional debut on 22 April 2006 , coming on for the final seven minutes as a substitute for Steve Lomas in a 1 2 home loss to promotion chasing Watford . Eight days later , he made his only other appearance of the season , coming on for Stefan Bailey in the 68th minute of a defeat by the same score away to the already crowned winners of the Football League Championship , Reading . Jones had his first professional start on 12 August 2006 , in a 2 0 win over Southend United at Loftus Road . He assisted Nick Ward 's goal in the 41st minute , which gave QPR their first win of the new season . Brian Glanville of The Sunday Times opined that Jones and fellow youngster Dexter Blackstock combined in the forward line as though they had been playing together for years . Ten days later in the second round of the Football League Cup at home to Northampton Town , Jones came on for Marc Bircham in the 84th minute , and three minutes later headed Marcus unk 's cross for his first career goal , winning the match 3 2 . On 5 September , Jones made his only international appearance , replacing Giles Barnes in a goalless friendly draw for England under 19 against the Netherlands at the unk Stadium in Walsall . Eighteen days later , he scored his first league goal , opening a 2 0 home win over Hull City , the first match of John Gregory 's tenure . Jones followed this the following weekend as QPR came from behind to win 2 1 at Southampton , scoring the decisive goal after rounding goalkeeper Kelvin Davis . On 17 November , as a substitute for Blackstock , Jones scored the only goal in a 1 0 away win over high flying Cardiff City , connecting with Ward 's cross with less than three minutes left of the match . Many Premier League clubs showed interest in Jones after several solid performances , and Gregory at one point stated that he was resigned to him leaving . After scoring the only goal against Colchester on 1 January 2007 , he pledged his future to the club , and a week later as he signed a new three and a half year deal . In total , Jones played 37 games ( 19 as a substitute ) for QPR in all competitions , scoring six goals . Colchester made a 200 , 000 offer for Jones in June 2007 , which was rejected , but they made another bid the following day , which was also turned down . QPR 's West London derby rivals Fulham also bid for him , as did Derby County , who offered 5 . 75 million for him and teammate Lee Cook . He missed the start of the 2007 08 season , in the last month of his life , due to a foot injury . Style of play Writing Jones ' obituary in The Guardian , QPR fan Benjie Goodhart remembered him as the club 's own Wayne Rooney , the prodigy , all precocious talent and burgeoning potential , and attributed him the essential qualities for a forward including strength , speed , intelligence and confidence . He was perceived by the supporters to be the epitome of a new era under manager Gregory and prospective new owner Flavio Briatore , and could do things for real that his peers acted out on their games consoles . In spite of his confidence and talent , Jones was humble , and took the London Underground back home from games alongside the supporters . Death Jones died in a car crash in East Ham in the early hours of 25 August 2007 when the vehicle he was driving collided with a bus . He had only become a licensed driver 23 days earlier . Two passengers in his car , Idris unk and Jess unk , were also killed unk received a letter later that day , inviting him to Fulham 's academy . Jones ' death was compared to that of unk Prince , a QPR youth player who was fatally stabbed the previous year at the age of 15 when breaking up a fight . Goodhart wrote that tributes would be done particularly beautifully at QPR because , heartbreakingly , we 're getting rather good at it . As a mark of respect QPR postponed their upcoming game with Burnley , a team who in turn replaced it with an open training session with proceeds going to the charity of QPR 's choice . QPR also decided to retire the number 31 shirt in memory of Jones , who wore that shirt during his career . In their league game against Southampton on 1 September 2007 , all of the QPR players carried Jones ' name on the back of their shirts as a mark of respect . Ten days later , in the England U19 friendly against Belarus at Meadow Lane in Nottingham , a minute 's applause was held before the match . An inquest in April 2008 found that Jones had sped over a pedestrian crossing on the wrong side of the road , leading to a head on collision . His death was recorded as an accident , but it was confirmed that had he survived , he would have been facing two charges of death by dangerous driving . Career statistics
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3,209 | Toil is a studio album by the Chicago Celtic punk band Flatfoot 56 , released on August 14 , 2012 , by Paper Plastick . The release is the fourth studio album released by the group since they were signed by a label . Johnny Rioux , a member of the Celtic punk band Street Dogs , returned as the producer . The album was released to generally favorable reviews . Critics and fans enjoyed the album 's diversity of sound and song writing . Reviewers described the album 's songs as working class anthems with Christian themes . The final track on the album , a Celtic punk cover of the hymn I 'll Fly Away , was well received by music critics . The album produced one single , I Believe It , that was released as a music video . Both the album and the single failed to chart . The track Winter in Chicago was featured on the soundtrack for the video game Watch Dogs . Background and recording While on tour in 2011 , Flatfoot 56 played at Summerfest in Milwaukee with Less than Jake . Less than Jake drummer Vinnie Fiorello , owner of Paper Plastick , saw the band play and was impressed by their energy and performance . When he discovered that the band was looking for a record label , he offered to sign them . Johnny Rioux , who had produced Flatfoot 56 's last album , Black Thorn , was chosen as the album 's producer . The band felt that having the same producer improved communication and allowed the band to work more freely . According to frontman Tobin Bawinkel , this familiarity allowed Rioux to encourage the band to advance musically and think differently . During January 2012 , the band recorded the entire album at the Atlas Studios in Chicago , Illinois . Writing and composition The album 's lyrics have been described as an unk examination of the struggles of the American working class and politically liberal . Along with highlighting the struggles of blue collar America , the lyrics portray the idea that there is hope even when things appear to be bleak and that giving up is not an option . While there are Christian themes throughout the songs , neither Christian nor secular reviewers found them to be preachy . Brother , Brother , the first song on the album , is inspired by the band members ' experience with the drug use of friends . Bawinkel stated in an interview that a bunch of the tunes cover what we wanted to say to them during those times when friends returned to using drugs . Michael Weaver , writing for Jesus Freak Hideout , interpreted the song as an attempt to convince this individual to turn his or her life around and return to the Christian faith . The next track , named The Rich , The Strong and The Poor , tells the story of three men looking for happiness . The first tries to find it in money , but he returns unfulfilled . The second tries looking for happiness in physical strength . He believes that if he proves himself , that he will find peace . Like the first man , he ends up unfulfilled . The final man looks for happiness in basic life needs and likewise ends up in the same position as the first two men . Bawinkel explains that , all three are very much in the same position in that happiness hasn t been found in chasing these various desires . There is something more which is hopeful for some and frustrating for others . The third song on the album , I Believe It , was the subject of the band 's only music video from Toil . The video shows the band singing the song acoustically in the studio , much like the version that is featured on the album . Instrumentally , the song is guitar driven and features the mandolin . The lyrics remind the listener to continue going forward even if it is painful . The song has been seen as symbol of the band 's faith . The title track , Toil , is an acoustic protest song that was compared by one reviewer to the Bruce Springsteen album Wrecking Ball . The lyrics tell the story of an unhappy , overworked , working class man . The song ends with the lyrics , I 'm a slave to that whistle call . I m a slave . The tenth song , 6 ' 10 , is an alt country ballad that was written in response to people making jokes about unk 's height . The man depicted in the track is six feet ten inches ( 2 . 08 meters ) tall and has to deal with people questioning him about why he does not play basketball . Reception Toil was received positively by reviewers , though the album and its single failed to chart . Absolute Punk 's reviewer commented that the album was fun and a rabble unk . Jesus Freak Hideout 's reviewer thought Toil was Flatfoot 56 's best work to date and that the album showed the band improving with age . Innocent Words ' reviewer agreed with Jesus Freak Hideout 's assessment , while David Von Bader , from Consequence of Sound , felt that the album was a step towards broader appeal . The final song on the album was well received by reviewers . The song , a Celtic punk cover of I 'll Fly Away , is the band 's take on a widely recorded traditional hymn . AMP Magazine 's reviewer called the cover perfectly executed . Danny unk , writing for Punk News , called the song a crowd favorite for fans of the band 's live show . Jesus Freak Hideout 's reviewer viewed the release of another hymn on one of Flatfoot 56 's albums very favorably the band had covered Amazing Grace on an earlier album . He concluded stating anyone who thought hymns were boring has not heard a Flatfoot 56 rendition . Track listing Brother , Brother 2 32 The Rich , The Strong and The Poor 3 09 I Believe It 2 44 Take Hold Again 3 28 Toil 3 37 Live or Die Trying 3 24 Work For Them 2 15 unk Truth 2 45 Strongman 2 56 6 ' 10 2 32 This Time 3 15 Winter In Chicago 3 10 I 'll Fly Away 2 44 Personnel Personnel as listed on Allmusic
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3,210 | The Landkreuzer P. 1000 Ratte ( English Land Cruiser P. 1000 Rat ) was a design for a super heavy tank for use by Nazi Germany during World War II , proposed by Krupp director Edward Grotte in June 1942 , who had already named it Landkreuzer . Submitted designs and drawings of the tank went under the names OKH Auftrag Nr. 30404 and E 30404 1 , which were presented in December 1942 . The tank was planned to be 1000 metric tonnes , being far heavier than the Panzer VIII Maus , the heaviest tank ever built ( weighing 188 tonnes ) . The project gained the approval of Adolf Hitler , who had expressed interest in the development of the tank . The project was canceled by Albert Speer in early 1943 , with no prototype tank ever built . Development The development history of the Ratte originated with a 1941 strategic study of Soviet heavy tanks conducted by Krupp , the study also giving birth to the Panzer VIII Maus super heavy tank . The study led to a suggestion from Krupp 's director ( Grotte ) , a special officer for submarine construction , who , on 23 June 1942 , proposed to Hitler a 1 , 000 tonne tank which he named Landkreuzer . It was to be armed with naval artillery and armored with 25 centimetres ( 10 in ) of hardened steel , so heavy that only similar weapons could hope to affect it . Hitler became enamored with Grotte 's concept and ordered Krupp to begin development of it in 1942 . As of December 29 , 1942 a few preliminary drawings had been completed , by which time the concept had been named Ratte ( Rat ) by Hitler himself . These submitted designs went under the titles OKH Auftrag Nr. 30404 and E 30404 1 . Albert Speer saw no reasonable use of the tank and canceled the project in 1943 before any prototype could be manufactured , although this did lead to the concept of the Landkreuzer P. 1500 Monster self propelled siege gun , which would have been heavier than the Ratte . The general idea for such a big tank was best summed up by Heinz Guderian , saying that Hitler 's fantasies sometimes shift into the gigantic . Description The Ratte is known for its enormous size it would have weighed 1 , 000 tonnes , five times the weight of the Panzer VIII Maus . The divided weight of the Ratte includes 300 tonnes of armament ( the total weight of the guns themselves are 100 tonnes , so turret armour would have weighed 200 tonnes ) , 200 tonnes of armour and frame and 100 tonnes of track and automotive components , while remaining weight would be distributed to miscellaneous features . It was planned to be 35 m ( 115 ft ) long ( 39 metres ( 128 ft ) when including naval guns ) , 11 m ( 36 ft ) high and 14 m ( 46 ft ) wide . To compensate for its immense weight , the Ratte would have been equipped with three 1 . 2 m ( 3 ft 11 in ) wide and 21 m ( 69 ft ) long treads on each side with a total tread width of 7 . 2 m ( 23 ft 7 in ) . This would help stability and weight distribution , but the vehicle 's sheer mass would have destroyed roads and rendered bridge crossings next to impossible . It was expected that its height , and its ground clearance of 2 m ( 6 . 6 ft ) , would have allowed it to ford most rivers with relative ease . Planned propulsion was by two MAN unk 44 24 cylinder marine diesel engines of 6 , 300 kW ( 8 , 400 hp ) each ( as used in U boats ) or eight Daimler Benz MB 501 20 cylinder marine diesel engines of 1 , 500 kW ( 2 , 000 hp ) each ( as used in E boats ) to achieve the 12 , 000 kW ( 16 , 000 hp ) needed to move this tank . The engines were to be provided with snorkels , also like those used by German submarines . The snorkels were designed to provide a way for oxygen to reach the engine , even during amphibious operations passing through deep water . The Ratte 's primary weapon would have been a dual 280 mm SK C 28 gun turret . This was the same turret that was used on the German capital ship Gneisenau but modified by removing one of the guns and its associated loading mechanism . Removing the third gun allowed extra accommodation of ammunition , which on ships is stored in the hull and later on sent to the turret through an ammunition elevator . This reduced the total weight of the tank by 50 tonnes . The guns used for the Ratte would have fired ammunition developed for other naval guns . It also included armour piercing rounds with 8 . 1 kg ( 18 lb ) of explosive filler , and high explosive rounds with 17 . 1 kg ( 38 lb ) of explosive filler . Further armament was to consist of a 128 mm anti tank gun of the type used in the Jagdtiger or Maus , two 15 mm Mauser MG 151 15 autocannons , and eight 20 mm Flak 38 anti aircraft guns , probably with at least four of them as a Flakvierling quad mount . The 128 mm anti tank gun 's precise location on the Ratte is a point of contention among historians , most believing that it would have been mounted within the primary turret , with some others thinking a smaller secondary turret at the rear of the Ratte more logical . Some concept drawings exist to suggest a flexible mount on the glacis plate . The tank was to be provided with a vehicle bay that could hold two BMW R12 motorcycles for scouting , and several smaller storage rooms , a compact infirmary area , and a self contained lavatory system . Issues Its large size and weight would have rendered the tank unable to cross bridges at the risk of collapsing them , and travelling on roads would soon destroy them . Its top intended speed was 40 kilometres per hour , resulting in a slow , highly visible tank , vulnerable to air bombardment and artillery fire , despite having heavy armour . Issues with transporting the vehicle to the battlefield were also prominent . No railway or train car could bear the weight and the width would be too large for any railway or tunnel to accommodate .
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3,211 | The Imme R100 was a lightweight motorcycle made by Riedel AG from 1948 to 1951 . It is noted for its simple and innovative design with many advanced features . With low cost and technical innovation , the R100 sold well , but reliability problems and low profit margins resulted in warranty costs driving Riedel AG into bankruptcy . The advanced specification of the Imme R100 caused it to be highly regarded . The R100 was one of the motorcycles included in The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1998 and is on permanent display at Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum . Concept , design and engineering Motorcycle engineer Norbert Riedel recognized the need for a simple and economical light motorcycle during Germany 's recovery from the Second World War and began to design one . By the summer of 1947 , a prototype frame had been built and tested . The spine frame was made from 40 mm steel tubing , as were the steering head , the single sided front fork , and the single sided swingarm . The wheels were interchangeable , and were mounted from the left on stub axles attached to the suspension on the right . Riedel developed the engine at the same time . This was a piston ported two stroke single cylinder engine of 99 cc ( 6 . 0 cu in ) capacity . The engine was cast in light alloy around the cylinder liner , and had an integral cylinder head . The crankshaft was suspended on only one side . The power output of the engine was 4 . 5 PS ( 3 . 3 kW 4 . 4 hp ) at 5 , 800 rpm , which was considered a high output at the time . Contemporary engines of comparable size typically made about 2 . 5 PS ( 1 . 8 kW 2 . 5 hp ) , and 4 . 5 PS was expected from 125 cc engines such as those used in the unk RT 125 and the later Hoffmann Vespa . The transmission had three speeds with no neutral position a mechanism held the clutch open when the motorcycle was at idle in first gear . First gear was positioned in the middle of the shift pattern , with second gear below and third gear above . The engine and transmission were mounted together on the swingarm in front of the pivot axle at the bottom of the spine frame . The near horizontal engine and transmission together as a unit formed a power egg style which would later be used by Benelli and unk . The tubular swingarm also served as the exhaust pipe . Behind the pivot axle , the swingarm , the reinforced rear fender , and the supports for the rear carrier formed a triangular structure which supported the rear spring . This suspension system allowed a long suspension travel and a soft spring rate . Test rides on the complete prototype began in December 1947 and showed that the combination of long travel and soft springs needed damping . Friction dampers were added . Production , marketing and demise Norbert Riedel registered Riedel AG in 1948 . He moved his facilities from unk to unk and began production there in June 1948 . It is widely believed that the name Imme came from an abbreviation of this location , and that the Imme 's bee on wheels logo came from Imme being a dialect word meaning bee . However , it has also been suggested that the name came from the motorcycle itself resembling a bee , or from the engine sounding like a buzzing bee . The Imme R100 's light weight , relatively powerful engine , and long travel suspension made it popular in motorsport this , along with good marketing and low pricing , led to strong sales . The management of Riedel AG expected high sales volume to offset the low profit margin . A basic Imme sold for 775 Deutschmark without battery , tachometer , or centre stand . Passenger accommodation was an optional extra , as was a spare wheel . Initially , unk were all painted oxide red . In 1950 , a better equipped Export version became available for 850 Deutschmark with a battery , an electric horn , a centre stand , a speedometer , a more comfortable seat , chrome plating , unk , and a choice of colours including lime green and gloss black . Production of the Imme R100 had gone up to 1 , 000 per month and , by the autumn of 1950 , more than 10 , 000 had been sold . Imme engines were also sold to Fritz unk , to power his unk unk invalid carriages . These replaced the unk Sachs engines used in earlier versions of the unk . However , the Imme began to develop problems , especially with the single sided crankshaft bearings and the unk for the kick starter . Riedel corrected the problem beginning with the Model D version , which had a conventional crankshaft with two bearings . However , the profit from sales was not enough to cover the warranty expenses , and , by the end of 1950 , Riedel AG went bankrupt with debts of 1 . 25 million Deutschmark . Legacy At the time of Riedel unk bankruptcy , three prototypes of an Imme with a 150 cc parallel twin two stroke engine had been made . Fritz Philipps , who had been a senior executive at Riedel AG , formed unk Motoren und unk GmbH ( unk ) to supply parts and perform repairs on Imme motorcycles . unk also set up to manufacture an Imme with a 175 cc straight twin two stroke engine , but made only 25 before they ended production . The Imme R100 is noted for its simple and innovative design . Its advanced features include single sided suspension front and rear , interchangeable wheels front and rear with the option of a spare tyre , the complete drivetrain mounted on the swingarm , and the swingarm tube used as the exhaust pipe . Remarking on the R100 being displayed in the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum exhibition The Art of the Motorcycle , unk Guilfoyle , curatorial adviser at the museum , said It 's my favourite unknown bike . There are ideas there that are 40 years ahead of their time . An R100 is on permanent display at the Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum .
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3,212 | Carnot was an ironclad battleship of the French Navy . She was laid down in July 1891 , launched in July 1894 , and completed in July 1897 . She was a member of a group of five broadly similar battleships , along with Charles Martel , Jaurguiberry , Bouvet , and Massna , which were ordered in response to the British Royal Sovereign class . Like her half sisters , she was armed with a main battery of two 305 mm ( 12 . 0 in ) guns and two 274 mm ( 10 . 8 in ) guns in individual turrets . She had a top speed of 17 . 8 knots ( 33 . 0 km h 20 . 5 mph ) . Carnot had a fairly uneventful career . She spent the majority of her service life in the Northern and Mediterranean Squadrons of the French fleet , where she participated in extensive , annual maneuvers . She was withdrawn from service by the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , and so did not see action during the conflict . She remained in the French Navy 's inventory until 1922 , when she was stricken from the naval register and sold for scrap . Design Carnot was the second member of a group of five battleships built to a broadly similar design , but different enough to be considered unique vessels . The first ship was Charles Martel , which formed the basis for Carnot and three other ships . Design specifications were identical for each of the ships , but different engineers designed each vessel . The ships were based on the previous battleship Brennus , but instead of mounting the main battery all on the centerline , the ships used the lozenge arrangement of the earlier vessel Magenta , which moved two of the main battery guns to single turrets on the wings . The five ships were built in response to the British Royal Sovereign class battleships . General characteristics and machinery Carnot was 114 meters ( 374 ft 0 in ) long between perpendiculars , and had a beam of 21 . 4 m ( 70 ft 3 in ) and a draught of 8 . 36 m ( 27 ft 5 in ) . She had a displacement of 11 , 954 tonnes ( 11 , 765 long tons ) . Her bridge was cut down compared to Charles Martel to save weight , and she was equipped with lighter pole masts instead of the heavy fighting masts used on her half sister . She had a crew of 647 officers and enlisted men . Carnot had two vertical triple expansion engines each driving a single screw , with steam supplied by twenty four Lagrafel d 'Allest water tube boilers . Her propulsion system was rated at 16 , 300 indicated horsepower ( 12 , 200 kW ) , which allowed the ship to steam at a speed of 17 . 8 knots ( 33 . 0 km h 20 . 5 mph ) . As built , she could carry 680 t ( 670 long tons 750 short tons ) of coal , though additional space allowed for up to 980 t ( 960 long tons 1 , 080 short tons ) in total . Armament and armor Carnot 's main armament consisted of two Canon de 305 mm Modle 1887 guns in two single gun turrets , one each fore and aft . She also mounted two Canon de 274 mm Modle 1887 guns in two single gun turrets , one amidships on each side , sponsoned out over the tumblehome of the ship 's sides . Her secondary armament consisted of eight Canon de 138 . 6 mm Modle 1888 guns , which were mounted in single turrets at the corners of the superstructure . She also carried four 9 pounder quick firing guns , twelve 3 pounders , and eight 1 pounder revolving cannons . Her armament suite was rounded out by two 450 mm ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes , which were submerged in the ship 's hull . The ship 's armor was constructed with nickel steel . The main belt was 460 mm ( 18 in ) thick amidships , and tapered down to 250 mm ( 9 . 8 in ) at the lower edge . On either end of the central citadel , the belt was reduced to 305 mm ( 12 . 0 in ) at the waterline and 250 mm on the lower edge the belt extended for the entire length of the hull . Above the belt was 101 mm ( 4 . 0 in ) thick side armor . The main battery guns were protected with 380 mm ( 15 in ) of armor , and the secondary turrets had 101 mm thick sides . The main armored deck was 69 mm ( 2 . 7 in ) thick . The conning tower had 230 mm ( 9 . 1 in ) thick sides . History Carnot was laid down in Toulon in July 1891 and launched three years later in July 1894 . Fitting out work was completed another three years after that , in July 1897 , and the ship was commissioned into the French Navy . Carnot spent the majority of her active career alternating between the Northern and Mediterranean Squadrons . The newer battleships typically served in the Mediterranean , while older vessels were assigned to the Northern Squadron . In January 1900 , she was assigned to the Northern Squadron , under the command of Vice Admiral Mnard , replacing the Charlemagne . The Northern Squadron conducted annual training exercises in June 1901 the following month , they joined the Mediterranean Squadron for combined fleet maneuvers . By 1902 , Carnot had been transferred to the Reserve Squadron of the Mediterranean Squadron , alongside the old battleships Charles Martel , Brennus , and Hoche . The Reserve Squadron was commanded by Rear Admiral Besson , who flew his flag in Brennus . The entire French fleet , including Carnot , conducted extensive maneuvers in the Mediterranean in July and August of that year . Carnot had been transferred to the Northern Squadron by 1906 , and participated in the annual summer maneuvers in June July 1906 . The following year , Carnot was back in the Mediterranean , in the Second Squadron . She remained in the Second Squadron through 1909 . By the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , Carnot had been laid up in the port of Brest , along with Charles Martel . Both ships were retained on the effective list , however , pending the completion of the new Normandie class battleships . Carnot was ultimately stricken from the naval register in 1922 and sold for scrapping that year .
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3,213 | 10 Hygiea is the fourth largest asteroid in the Solar System by volume and mass , and it is located in the asteroid belt . With somewhat oblong diameters of 350 500 kilometres ( 220 310 mi ) ( 217 310 miles ) and a mass estimated to be 2 . 9 of the total mass of the belt , it is the largest of the class of dark C type asteroids with a carbonaceous surface . Observation Despite its size , Hygiea appears very dim when observed from Earth . This is due to its dark surface and larger than average distance from the Sun . For this reason , many smaller asteroids were observed before Annibale de unk discovered Hygiea on 12 April 1849 . At most oppositions , Hygiea has a magnitude that is four magnitudes dimmer than Vesta 's , and observing it typically requires at least a 100 millimetre ( 4 in ) telescope . However , while at a perihelic opposition , it can often be observed just with unk binoculars . Discovery and name On 12 April 1849 , in Naples , Italy , astronomer Annibale de unk ( age 29 ) discovered Hygiea . It was the first of his nine asteroid discoveries . The director of the Naples observatory , Ernesto unk , named the asteroid . He chose to call it unk unk ( Bourbon Hygieia ) in honor of the ruling family of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies where Naples was located . In 1852 , John Russell Hind wrote that it is universally termed Hygiea , the unnecessary appendage ' unk ' being dropped ( as well as the final ia in favor of just a ) . The name comes from Hygieia , the Greek goddess of health , daughter of Asclepius ( Aesculapius for the Romans ) . The name was occasionally misspelled Hygeia in the 19th century , for example in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . Physical characteristics Based on spectral evidence , Hygiea 's surface is thought to consist of primitive carbonaceous materials similar to those found in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites . Aqueous alteration products have been detected on its surface , which could indicate the presence of water ice in the past which was heated sufficiently to melt . The primitive present surface composition would indicate that Hygiea had not been melted during the early period of Solar System formation , in contrast to other large planetesimals like 4 Vesta . Hygiea is the main member of the Hygiea family and contains almost all the mass ( well over 90 ) in this family . It is the largest of the class of dark C type asteroids that are dominant in the outer asteroid belt which lie beyond the Kirkwood gap at 2 . 82 AU . Hygiea appears to have a noticeably oblate spheroid shape , with an average diameter of 444 35 km and a semimajor axis ratio of 1 . 11 . This is much more than for the other objects in the big four 2 Pallas , 4 Vesta and the dwarf planet Ceres . Aside from being the smallest of the four , Hygiea , like Ceres , has a relatively low density , which is more comparable to the icy satellites of Jupiter or Saturn than to the terrestrial planets or the stony asteroids . Although it is the largest body in its region , due to its dark surface and larger than average distance from the Sun , Hygiea appears very dim when observed from Earth . In fact , it is the third dimmest of the first twenty three asteroids discovered , with only 13 unk and 17 Thetis having lower mean opposition magnitudes . At most oppositions , Hygiea has a magnitude of around 10 . 2 , which is as much as four orders fainter than Vesta , and observation calls for at least a 4 inch ( 100 mm ) telescope to resolve . However , at a perihelic opposition , Hygiea can reach 9 . 1 and may just be resolvable with unk binoculars , unlike the next two largest asteroids in the asteroid belt , 704 Interamnia and 511 Davida , which are always beyond binocular visibility . At least 5 stellar occultations by Hygiea have been tracked by Earth based astronomers , but all with few independent observers so that little was learned of its shape . The Hubble Space Telescope has resolved the asteroid and ruled out the presence of any orbiting companions larger than about 16 kilometres ( 9 . 9 mi ) in diameter . Orbit and rotation Generally , Hygiea 's properties are the most poorly known out of the big four objects in the asteroid belt . Its orbit is much closer to the plane of the ecliptic than those of Ceres , Pallas or Interamnia , but is less circular than Ceres or Vesta with an eccentricity of around 12 . Its perihelion is at a quite similar longitude to those of Vesta and Ceres , though its ascending and descending nodes are opposite to the corresponding ones for those objects . Although its perihelion is extremely close to the mean distance of Ceres and Pallas , a collision between Hygiea and its larger companions is impossible because at that distance they are always on opposite sides of the ecliptic . In 2056 , Hygiea will pass unk from Ceres , and then in 2063 , Hygiea will pass unk from Pallas . At aphelion Hygiea reaches out to the extreme edge of the asteroid belt at the perihelia of the Hilda family which is in 3 2 resonance with Jupiter . Hygiea is used by the Minor Planet Center to calculate perturbations . Hygiea is an unusually slow rotator , taking 27 hours and 37 minutes for a revolution , whereas 6 to 12 hours are more typical for large asteroids . Its direction of rotation is not certain at present , due to a twofold ambiguity in lightcurve data that is exacerbated by its long rotation period which makes single night telescope observations span at best only a fraction of a full rotation but it is believed to be retrograde . unk analysis indicates that Hygiea 's pole points towards either ecliptic coordinates ( , ) ( 30 , 115 ) or ( 30 , 300 ) with a 10 uncertainty . This gives an axial tilt of about 60 in both cases . Gallery
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3,214 | The unk TIS was a heavily armed Soviet heavy fighter designed during the early 1940s . Only two prototypes were built because its intended engines proved to be too unreliable to be placed into production and the engines ' manufacturer lacked the resources to fix the problems . The second prototype crashed in September 1944 and the program was canceled after the death of Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov , the chief designer of his eponymous OKB , earlier that year . Design and development The original request for proposals for a heavy escort fighter ( unk Istrebitel ' unk ) was received at the Polikarpov OKB in November 1938 , but the press of work with the I 180 and SPB prototypes prevented any significant design work until the third quarter of 1940 . Mikhail unk was appointed head designer , but his job was complicated by multiple changes in the role of the aircraft from escort fighter to interceptor , dive bomber , and eventually reconnaissance . The prototype , internally designated as aircraft or TIS A , was a low wing , all metal , cantilever monoplane with two Mikulin AM 37 engines and a twin tail . The monocoque fuselage had four 7 . 62 mm ( 0 . 300 in ) ShKAS machine guns in the nose , each with 1 , 000 rounds . The pilot and the gunner radio operator were seated back to back , separated by an armor plate , under sliding canopies . The gunner had a dorsal ShKAS on a TSS 1 mount with 750 rounds that could be used once his canopy was slid forward . He also had a ventral ShKAS mounted below the armored floor that he could access by raising a hatch in the floor and kneeling down to fire the machine guns . The ventral gun was provided with 500 rounds of ammunition . A 12 . 7 mm ( 0 . 50 in ) UBK machine gun with 400 rounds and a 20 mm ( 0 . 79 in ) ShVAK cannon with 350 rounds were mounted in each wing root . Underneath the wings were two racks each capable of carrying a single 500 kg ( 1 , 100 lb ) FAB 500 bomb . The wing had automatic leading edge slats and four split flaps separated by the engine nacelles . The single wheel landing gear retracted into the rear part of the nacelles , as did the tailwheel into the fuselage . The ' A ' prototype first flew in September 1941 and reached a speed of 555 km h ( 345 mph ) at 5 , 800 m ( 19 , 000 ft ) altitude . It suffered from a lack of directional stability and the engines were unreliable and vibrated above 5 , 000 m ( 16 , 000 ft ) . Factory No. 51 attempted to fix the stability problem in late September by increasing the area of the rear fins , but was unsuccessful . Flight testing continued in October in Novosibirsk , to where the LII ( Russian unk unk Flight Research Institute ) had been evacuated . Eliminating the stability problem took until March 1942 , although the engines remained as unreliable as ever . By the summer of 1942 it was clear that the Mikulin OKB lacked the resources to fix the problems with the AM 37 and that the TIS would need a new engine , but the OKB 's resources were fully utilized on the I 185 and ITP programs and the TIS program was put on hold . Work did not resume on the TIS until the second half of 1943 , after the I 185 had been canceled , and the Mikulin AM 39 engine was selected . A new prototype was built , internally called the MA , with a completely revised armament . Two ShVAK cannon replaced the nose ShKAS machine guns and a UBT machine gun in a unk 1 mount replaced the dorsal ShKAS , while the ventral machine gun was removed entirely . Two 37 mm ( 1 . 5 in ) unk Sh 37 or 45 mm ( 1 . 8 in ) 111P cannon replaced the wing root guns . The intended AM 39s were unavailable and therefore two Mikulin AM unk were used as a temporary expedient . The engine radiators were moved from the nacelles into the wings . They were fed by inlets in the leading edge and outlets on the undersurface of the wing . Operational history The MA was flight tested from June to September 1944 and generally met its expected performance figures . The engines were optimized for low altitudes and the aircraft could only reach a maximum speed of 535 km h ( 332 mph ) and a ceiling of 6 , 600 metres ( 21 , 700 ft ) . It did , however , have an initial climb rate of 13 . 5 m s ( 44 ft s ) and , on the basis of the flight tests , it was concluded that it would be capable reaching 650 km h ( 400 mph ) at 7 , 150 m ( 23 , 460 ft ) and would take 6 . 4 minutes to reach 5 , 000 metres ( 16 , 404 ft ) once the AM 39s were fitted . A brake failure on 29 June damaged the MA , which required a month to repair , but a crash landing on 16 September caused by the failure of the undercarriage to extend proved to be the death knell for the TIS program . The OKB was being shut down after Polikarpov 's death at the end of June and there was no one willing to champion the TIS . Specifications ( TIS ( A ) ) Data from Gunston , The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 1995 General characteristics Crew 2 Length 11 . 7 m ( 38 ft 5 in ) Wingspan 15 . 5 m ( 50 ft 10 in ) Height 4 . 35 m ( 14 ft 3 in ) Wing area 34 . 8 m2 ( 375 sq ft ) Airfoil NACA 230 Empty weight 5 , 800 kg ( 12 , 787 lb ) Gross weight 7 , 840 kg ( 17 , 284 lb ) Fuel capacity 2 , 430 l ( 530 imp gal 640 US gal ) Powerplant 2 Mikulin AM 37 liquid cooled V12 engines , 1 , 044 kW ( 1 , 400 hp ) each Propellers 3 bladed VISh unk Performance Maximum speed 555 km h ( 345 mph 300 kn ) Range 1 , 720 km ( 1 , 069 mi 929 nmi ) Service ceiling 10 , 250 m ( 33 , 629 ft ) Time to altitude 7 . 3 minutes to 5 , 000 m ( 16 , 404 ft ) Armament Guns 2 20 mm ShVAK cannon ( wing roots ) 2 12 . 7 mm UBK machine guns ( wing roots ) 4 7 . 62 mm ShKAS machine guns ( nose ) 2 7 . 62 mm ShKAS machine guns ( flexibly mounted ) Bombs up to 1 , 000 kg ( 2 , 200 lb )
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3,215 | Amanita onusta , commonly known as the loaded Lepidella or the gunpowder Lepidella , is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family of mushrooms . It is characterized by its small to medium sized fruit bodies that have white to pale gray caps crowded with roughly conical , pyramidal , or irregular gray warts . The stipe is whitish gray with woolly or wart like veil remnants , and at the base is a spindle or turnip shaped base that is rooted somewhat deeply in the soil . The species is distributed in eastern North America , from Nova Scotia to Mexico , and may be found growing on the ground in deciduous forests , particularly those with oak , hickory and chestnut . Fruit bodies smell somewhat like bleaching powder , and their edibility is unknown , but possibly toxic . Taxonomy Amanita onusta was first described in 1874 by American mycologist Elliot Calvin Howe as Agaricus unk . Later , in 1891 , Pier Andrea Saccardo transferred the species to the genus Amanita . Amanita authority Cornelis Bas , writing in his extensive 1969 monograph on the genus , placed the species in his stirps unk , subsection Solitariae , section unk . This grouping of Amanita mushroom species also includes A. abrupta , A. atkinsoniana , A. costaricensis ( a provisionally named species authored by Tulloss , Halling , G.M. unk . ) , A. nitida ( as Coker described the species ) and A. unk . The Latin epithet unk means charged , load carrying , burdened , and a regular adjective derived from onus , burden ( the same word that gave the English onus ) . A. onusta is commonly known as the loaded Lepidella , or the gunpowder Lepidella . Description The fruit bodies of Amanita onusta have caps that are initially broadly convex but flatten out as they mature , reaching diameters of 5 to 10 cm ( 2 . 0 to 3 . 9 in ) . The cap surface , grayish white in color , is ornamented with conical or pyramidal raised warts , or flattened , symmetrically arranged gray to brownish gray , grayish brown or grayish orange small scales ( squamules ) that are densely arranged over the surface . The squamules are less crowded near the edge of the cap ( the margin ) . The margin does not have striations , and is typically fringed with remnants of the veil . The gills on the underside of the cap are spaced closely together , and either free or narrowly attached to the stipe . They are white to cream color , and are interspersed with short lamellulae ( gills that do not extend completely from cap margin to stipe ) . The gills may look as if they are waterlogged . The stipe is 5 . 5 to 12 cm ( 2 . 2 to 4 . 7 in ) long , 0 . 6 to 1 . 5 cm ( 0 . 2 to 0 . 6 in ) thick , and tapers slightly upwards . It is solid gray to brownish gray near base , paler towards the top , and appears cottony ( floccose ) or hairy ( fibrillose ) . The bulb at the base of the stipe is roughly spindle to turnip shaped , and may root deeply into the soil , especially if the soil is loose . The short lived partial veil is white , and attached just below the top of the stipe . It is sticky and in maturity often clings to the upper part of the stipe , or may have some meagre remnants hanging from the cap margin . The universal veil remains are arranged in rows of warts and patches of gray to brownish gray small scales over the upper portion of the bulb below this , the color is a dirty white . The flesh is firm and white . Fruit bodies can range in smell from mild to slightly unpleasant . The odor has been described as resembling chloride of lime , a smell similar to some bathroom disinfectants containing bleach . Microscopic characteristics Viewed in deposit , such as with a spore print , the spores are white . Viewed with a microscope , the spores are broadly ellipsoid to elongate , unk , thin walled , amyloid , and have dimensions of 8 . 3 11 . 6 by 4 . 9 6 . 6 m . The basidia ( spore bearing cells ) are 38 46 by 9 11 m , club shaped , mostly 4 spored but some are 2 or 3 spored , with clamps . The cheilocystidia ( cystidia found on the edge of a gill ) are 23 . 3 31 . 5 by 11 . 6 15 . 7 m , ellipsoid , club to pear shaped cells , partly in short rows . The cap cuticle is up to 168 m thick , and consists of thin walled interwoven hyphae that are 2 5 . 3 m diameter , and gelatinized . Clamp connections are present in the hyphae of this species these are short branches connecting one cell to the previous cell to allow passage of the products of nuclear division . Edibility The edibility of A. onusta is unknown , but the mushroom has been described as possibly poisonous . In general , species of Amanita are best avoided for consumption because of the prevalence of toxic species in that genus . Similar species Amanita onusta may be confused with A. cinereoconia because of the similar gray powdery veil remnants on the cap surface . A. cinereoconia is distinguished from A. onusta by the absence of clamps , its powdery wooly to powdery warty cap , as well as the absence of warts or scales at the base of the stipe . A. cinereoconia also smells distinctly of chloride of lime . Another similar species is A. costaricensis , found only in Costa Rica . A. atkinsoniana , another North American species , has shorter warts that are spaced further apart than those of A. onusta , and the warts on the basal bulb are arranged in parallel rows . Habitat and distribution Amanita onusta grows solitary or scattered on the ground in mixed oak , hickory and chestnut forests from southern New England to Texas . The species has a preference for sandy or loose soils . Its range extends north to Nova Scotia , Canada , and south to Mexico . Cited books Jenkins DB . ( 1986 ) . Amanita of North America . Eureka , California Mad River Press . ISBN 978 0 916422 55 4 .
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3,216 | Hurricane Nora was the final of five tropical cyclones to make landfall in the 2003 Pacific hurricane season . The fourteenth named storm and fifth hurricane of the season , Nora developed on October 1 from a tropical wave . It slowly intensified as it moved northwestward , intensifying into a hurricane on October 4 . That day , Nora rapidly intensified to its peak of 100 mph ( 160 km h ) , but the larger Hurricane Olaf to its east prevented further strengthening . An approaching trough turned the rapidly weakening system to the east toward Mexico . By October 7 , it was downgraded to a tropical depression . Although it no longer met the criteria for being a tropical cyclone , the National Hurricane Center continued issuing advisories due to the cyclone 's proximity with land . Nora unexpectedly redeveloped an area of thunderstorms and moved ashore near Mazatln , Sinaloa on October 9 before dissipating . The depression dropped locally heavy rainfall in western Mexico , but there were no reports of damage . Later , the remnants combined with Olaf and an upper level low to produce flooding and a tornado in central Texas . Meteorological history The origins of Nora were from a tropical wave that exited the west coast of Africa on September 13 . It moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea without developing . The wave axis crossed Central America on September 25 , with its convection tracking westward along the southern Mexican coastline . On September 29 , the system became better organized when it reached a position about 100 mi ( 160 km ) south of Acapulco . Although upper level wind shear was only marginally favorable , the National Hurricane Center first noted the potential for tropical cyclogenesis on September 30 over the subsequent few days . This verified on October 1 after the thunderstorms organized enough for the system to be classified as Tropical Depression Fourteen E. At the time , it was located about 600 mi ( 975 km ) south of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula . Upon developing , the depression had a well defined low level circulation , and with a ridge to the north , it moved south of due west . Conditions favored further development , including low wind shear and warm water temperatures . The convection gradually organized , and the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Nora early on October 2 . Its motion briefly became nearly stationary as Nora rounded the furthest extent of the ridge , although a steady motion to the northwest began on October 3 . That day , an eye feature developed in the center of the deep convection , and Nora attained hurricane status early on October 4 . Steady intensification continued to winds of 100 mph ( 160 km h ) by later that day , and favorable conditions were expected to allow the hurricane to reach major hurricane status , or winds of 115 mph ( 185 km h ) . However , Nora did not intensify further , due to unfavorable increased wind shear from the developing Tropical Storm Olaf to its east . By October 5 , the eye of Nora was no longer evident on satellite imagery , which indicated the beginning of a weakening trend . However , a Special Sensor Microwave Imager observed a small eye that was open to the northwest . The convection became ragged , and on October 6 the winds decreased below hurricane force . Around the same time , a strong approaching mid level trough caused Nora to slow and turn to the east . Continued wind shear and the presence of dry air stripped the thunderstorms away from the center , and by October 7 all of the deep convection had dissipated . As a result , it was downgraded to a tropical depression , and Nora weakened to the extent that it barely met the criteria for being a tropical cyclone . The NHC maintained advisories due to the circulation 's proximity to western Mexico , as well as the unlikely potential for redeveloping thunderstorms due to its movement over warmer waters . Nora accelerated to the east northeast and later to the northeast due to the advancing trough . As it approached western Mexico , an area of curved convection unexpectedly developed over the center . Without additional redevelopment , the poorly defined circulation of Nora made landfall near Mazatln , Sinaloa early on October 9 . It dissipated shortly thereafter over the high terrain of western Mexico . Preparations and impact As Nora was expected to move ashore as a tropical depression , the National Hurricane Center did not issue any tropical storm warnings or watches . However , the Servicio Meteorolgico Nacional , or Mexico 's National Weather Service , issued 46 advisories and 16 caution bulletins on the storm . As the storm moved parallel to the Mexican coastline , it produced high waves . Later , when Nora moved ashore in Sinaloa , it dropped locally heavy rainfall . The peak 24 hour total was 3 . 75 in ( 95 . 3 mm ) in Mazatln , Sinaloa , recorded on October 8 . The rainfall maximum for the previous day was 3 . 43 in ( 87 . 0 mm ) in Gaviotas , Nayarit . Rainfall from Nora extended was also reported along the Baja California peninsula , and also extended from the coastline northward to near Texas . Its impact was minimal in western Mexico , and there were no reports of damage , deaths , or injuries . Moisture from the remnants of Nora and Olaf interacted with an upper level low to produce heavy rainfall across Texas , producing flooding near Waco that forced a family to evacuate in McGregor . The floodwaters closed portions of Interstate 35 , U.S. Route 84 , and Texas State Highway 36 . The system also spawned a tornado in Sugar Land that damaged four buildings , including a school . Nora was the final Pacific storm of the season to strike Mexico . The others were hurricanes Ignacio and Marty , and tropical storms Carlos and Olaf .
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3,217 | Tropical Storm Candy produced minor impact in the state of Texas during the 1968 Atlantic hurricane season . The third tropical cyclone of the annual season , it developed from a tropical disturbance in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico on June 22 . Gradual strengthening occurred , with the depression becoming Tropical Storm Candy on the following day . The storm reached its peak intensity of 70 mph ( 110 km h ) later that day and made landfall Port Aransas , Texas on June 23 . Candy weakened into a tropical depression only hours after moving inland . However , the system remained a designated cyclone until June 26 , at which time it completed extratropical transition over the state of Michigan . Due to rainfall from a trough for several days , combined 11 inches ( 280 mm ) in some areas from Candy itself , flooding occurred in eastern Texas there was minor damage to crops , roads , and bridges . Agricultural losses alone were slightly less than 2 million ( 1968 USD ) . Storm surge along the coast of Texas caused cuts on Padre Island . The storm spawned 24 tornadoes , though only one caused significant impact . Candy and its remnants dropped rainfall in 24 other states , reaching as far north as New Hampshire . Overall , the system caused 2 . 7 million in damage and no fatalities . Meteorological history Between mid to late June , satellite imagery indicated above normal amounts of shower and thunderstorm activity over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico . By June 22 , the system developed into a tropical depression just off the coast of Mexico in the Bay of Campeche . The depression , which initially had an elongated structure , moved north to north northwestward at roughly 23 mph ( 37 km h ) . On June 22 , three separate and distinct circulation centers were noted in weather radar images from Brownsville , Texas . Later that afternoon , a United States Navy reconnaissance aircraft investigated the depression and recorded sustained winds of 50 mph ( 80 km h ) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1 , 001 mbar ( 29 . 6 inHg ) . Therefore , the system was upgraded to Tropical Storm Candy at 1800 UTC on that same day . Late on June 23 , Candy made landfall near Port Aransas , Texas . Despite moving ashore , Candy attained its peak intensity at 0000 UTC on June 24 , with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph ( 110 km h ) and a minimum barometric pressure of 999 mbar ( 29 . 5 inHg ) . Both were observations from a weather station in Austwell , Texas . The storm quickly weakened inland , falling to tropical depression status early on June 24 . In advance of a cold front , Candy curved northeastward on June 25 and began to accelerate . While moving across the Midwestern United States , the storm began to lose tropical characteristics due to the presence of cold air . At 0000 UTC on June 26 , Candy transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while situated over southern Michigan . The remnants continued eastward for several more hours before dissipating over western New York . Impact and aftermath Gale force winds were reported from Corpus Christi to Galveston , Texas . Sustained winds were above 60 mph ( 97 km h ) for more than an hour at Austwell , Texas . The peak wind gust of 71 mph ( 114 km h ) was measured at Port Aransas , Texas , where the storm made landfall . Storm surge was highest in San Antonio and Corpus Christi Bays , at 4 feet ( 1 . 2 m ) , and was 2 to 3 feet ( 0 . 61 to 0 . 91 m ) along the rest of the Texas coast . However , damage from the storm surge was confined to the formation of cuts along Padre Island and to coastal oil refinery equipment . Prior to the formation of Candy , a trough had brought eight to ten days of rainfall throughout Texas which helped the heavy rainfall from the storm produced damage to crops , roads , and bridges throughout eastern Texas . The rains from Candy also caused flooding on many middle and upper coastal rivers with significant damage confined to the eastern and western forks of the San Jacinto River . The highest recorded rainfall was 11 . 28 inches ( 287 mm ) at Point Comfort , Texas . Elsewhere in southeast Texas , precipitation amounts were generally 3 to 6 inches ( 76 to 152 mm ) . Impact from winds was mostly minor , except at the 740 feet ( 230 m ) public fishing pier in Port O 'Connor , which was severely damaged by 65 mph ( 100 km h ) winds . Ten towboats and barges , as well as several other small vessels , received minor impacts at Hopper 's Landing on San Antonio Bay . Outside of Texas , 2 to 4 inches ( 51 to 102 mm ) of rain was reported in eastern Oklahoma , northwestern Arkansas , central Missouri , and northern Illinois . Precipitation in Michigan exceeded 6 inches ( 150 mm ) in some areas , contributing to the ongoing flooding event in Ann Arbor . Flash flooding was reported in western New York , due to precipitation amounts up to 3 . 04 inches ( 77 mm ) in Buffalo during a 24 hour period . As a result , streams overflowed their banks , inundating many basements , sewers , and underpasses . While tropical , Candy spawned 19 tornadoes or funnel clouds to form between June 23 and 25 . Ten were reported in Texas , five in Arkansas , three in Louisiana , and one in Missouri . Five additional tornadoes , which were associated with the extratropical remnants of Candy , were reported on June 25 in eastern Ohio . Despite the amount of tornadoes , only one caused significant damage . That tornado nearly demolished a school in Morning Star , Arkansas . The total property damage from the storm was conservatively estimated at 1 million , while losses to agriculture in eastern Texas approached 2 million . No deaths were reported in relation to the storm . Candy made 1968 only one of four years to have three named storms in June , with the others being 1886 , 1936 , and 1959 .
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3,218 | Lgrimas Clidas ( English Warm Tears ) is the debut studio album by Colombian recording artist Fanny Lu , released on January 1 , 2005 . The record contains ten tracks , most of which were composed by Jose Gaviria , and produced with Andres unk . Musically , the album experiments with unk , which is composed of the genres of vallenato , merengue , and pop music . Recording for the album took place in 2004 in three cities Miami , Bogota and Medellin . An international version of the album , containing two remixes , was released exclusively in United States , Spain and Colombia . The album was certified gold in Colombia , Venezuela and Ecuador and ranked number thirteen on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart in the United States . The album earned Lu many accolades , including a Latin Grammy nomination , five Billboard Latin Music Awards nominations , and three Premios Shock nominations , winning two . Three singles were released from the record , two of which , No Te Pido Flores and Y Si Te Digo , reached number one on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart . Background While studying for a degree in engineering at the University of Los Andes in 1994 , Fanny Lu began her career in the entertainment industry as a host for shows such as unk , Siempre Msica , and Radio Hits y unk . As a host on unk , she was given the opportunity to work with musicians such as Luis Manuel Daz , Gil Magno , and Cesar Franco . She met Colombian producer , Jose Gaviria , during her career in television , and they began working on a musical project , but the production was halted , because Fanny was busy in her television career . Eight years later , she reunited with Gaviria to finish this recording . Her experience as a television host led to her signing a music deal with Universal Music Latino . Her first album under that agreement was Lgrimas Clidas , which was released in Colombia on January 1 , 2005 . Composition Lgrimas Clidas was produced by Jose Gaviria and Andres unk . It was recorded at Crescent Moon Studios and Big Dog Studios in Miami , New World Studios in Bogota and Promix Estudios in Medellin . The genre of the album is defined as unk , because it mixes tropical genres such as vallenato and merengue with pop and Caribbean influences . The album opens with No Te Pido Flores ( I 'm Not Requesting Flowers ) , where the predominant instruments are the accordion , guitar and caja unk . Lyrically , the song begins with the absence of her man , but then , in the chorus , transitions into a warning not to fall in love with material things . The second track , Lgrimas Clidas ( Warm Tears ) , is a vallenato stylized pop ballad , expressing her suffering due to being abandoned by her lover . Te unk ( You 'll Regret ) , is about a woman who surrendered completely to a man who did not appreciate her . Solo Quiero ( Only Want ) begins with an accordion solo , and is a song explaining to her lover that she only wants to be with him forever , because with him all the things in life are more beautiful . The fifth track , unk ( Sweetie ) , describes her need for the affection of the person she loves , and her desire to remedy the void left in her heart . Sin unk ( Without Reasons ) , express the reasons why she should not have to prove her love , while Y Si Te Digo ( And If I Tell You ) , tells of her desire to confess her love to the person who doesn 't know she loves him . Es Por Ti ( It Is For You ) is a poem describing the strength of an all encompassing love . The penultimate track , Para Que Si Tu No Estas ( For That If You Aren 't ) , asks her boyfriend whether or not she should suffer for him . The eleventh and final track of the album , Me unk de Ti ( I Will Remember You ) , expresses that everything she feels , sees , and perceives , reminds her of her beloved . Reception The album was certified gold in Colombia , Venezuela and Ecuador . In the United States , the album debuted at number 18 on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart , peaking three weeks later at number 13 . Lgrimas Clidas was generally well received . At the Colombian Premios Shock , it won the category of Radio Album , as well as winning best Radio Song for No Te Pido Flores . At the 15th Latin Billboard Music Awards , the album was nominated for two awards Tropical Album of the Year for a Female Artist and Best New Artist . At the 2007 Latin Grammy Awards , No Te Pido Flores received a nomination for Best Tropical Song , but lost to La unk De Mi Corazn , by Juan Luis Guerra . Singles No Te Pido Flores was the first single from the album , released in 2005 . The song was a success in Latin America , reaching number one in Colombia , Ecuador , Per and Venezuela . In the United States , it also reached number one on the Billboard Latin Tropical Airplay chart . It was nominated for two Billboard Latin Music Awards and a Latin Grammy for Best Tropical Song . No Te Pido Flores has two music videos , one recorded in Lake unk , unk , Colombia , and the international version , which was recorded in the Plaza Moreno in La Plata , Argentina . Unlike No Te Pido Flores , the album 's second single , Te unk , was released after the release of Lgrimas Clidas in Latin America . The third and final single , Y Si Te Digo , was released on May 27 , 2007 . In Latin America , the song did not have the same success as the first single , but in the United States , the song hit number one on Billboard 's Hot Latin Songs chart and Billboard 's Tropical Airplay chart . The song won a Billboard Latin Music Award for Best Tropical Airplay for a new artist . Track listing Credits and personnel The following credits are from Allmusic Performance credits Technical credits Charts Certifications Release history
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3,219 | USS Ozark was a single turreted river monitor built for the United States Navy during the American Civil War . The ship served in the Mississippi River Squadron during the war , and participated in the Red River Campaign shortly after she was commissioned in early 1864 . Ozark patrolled the Mississippi River and its tributaries after the end of the campaign for the rest of the war . She was decommissioned after the war and sold in late 1865 . The ship 's activities or owner are not known after her sale , but Ozark transported Federal troops and New Orleans police attempting to apprehend the white supremacists who killed a large number of blacks during the Colfax Massacre in 1873 . She ferried witnesses back and forth to their homes on the Red River during the subsequent trials in 1874 . Her ultimate fate is unknown . Description The ship was 180 feet ( 54 . 9 m ) long overall and had a beam of 50 feet ( 15 . 2 m ) . She had a depth of hold of 7 feet 4 inches ( 2 . 2 m ) and a draft of six feet . Ozark had a tonnage of 578 tons burthen . She was powered by a pair of two cylinder steam engines , each driving two four bladed , 7 foot ( 2 . 1 m ) propellers , using steam generated by four boilers . The engines were designed to reach a top speed of 9 miles per hour ( 14 km h ) . They had a bore of 15 inches ( 381 mm ) and a stroke of 24 inches ( 610 mm ) . Ozark could carry about 100 long tons ( 102 t ) of coal . All of the machinery was built by the Franklin Foundry of St. Louis , Missouri . The ship was fitted with three rudders , and the armored pilothouse was mounted on top of the gun turret . The officers ' staterooms were built on deck out of light pine , and a hurricane deck was positioned between the turret and the deckhouse , between the two funnels . The hull was subdivided by three transverse and three longitudinal watertight bulkheads . Ozark 's main armament initially consisted of two smoothbore , muzzle loading 11 inch ( 279 mm ) Dahlgren guns mounted in a twin gun turret forward . The 11 inch gun weighed 16 , 000 pounds ( 7 , 300 kg ) and could fire a 136 pound ( 61 . 7 kg ) shell up to a range of 1 , 710 yards ( 1 , 560 m ) at 5 elevation . By July 1864 , her armament had been reinforced by the addition of one 10 inch ( 254 mm ) Dahlgren gun and three 9 inch ( 229 mm ) Dahlgrens , all on pivot mounts . One of these guns was mounted at the bow , another at the stern and the two others were abreast the deckhouse , one on each broadside . The 10 inch Dahlgren weighed 12 , 500 pounds ( 5 , 700 kg ) and could fire a 103 pound ( 46 . 7 kg ) shell up to a range of 3 , 000 yards ( 2 , 700 m ) at 19 elevation . The nine inch gun weighed 9 , 200 pounds ( 4 , 200 kg ) and could fire a 72 . 5 pound ( 32 . 9 kg ) shell to a range of 3 , 357 yards ( 3 , 070 m ) at an elevation of 15 . Ozark was chosen as the testbed for an experimental underwater battery that consisted of a nine inch Dahlgren gun firing through a pipe in the side of the hull below the waterline . Cost overruns caused the project to be cancelled in January 1863 before it could be tested . The cylindrical Ericsson style turret was armored with six layers of wrought iron 1 inch ( 25 mm ) plates . The forward 40 feet ( 12 . 2 m ) of the hull was protected by two layers of 1 . 25 inch ( 32 mm ) plates that extended 1 foot ( 0 . 3 m ) below the waterline . Aft of the bow section , the hull 's armor consisted of two layers of 1 . 125 inch ( 28 . 6 mm ) plates . The ship 's deck was protected by iron plates one inch thick . Construction and service The contract for Ozark , the first ship of that name in the United States Navy and named for the Ozark Tribe of the Quapaw Indians , was awarded to George C. unk on 14 May 1862 . He subcontracted the ship 's construction to Hambleton , Collier Co. at their Mound City Marine Ways shipyard in Mound City , Illinois . Ozark was laid down in 1862 and launched on 18 February 1863 . She was towed to St. Louis for fitting out and arrived there on 27 February . Ozark commissioned on 18 February 1864 , with Acting Volunteer Lieutenant George W. Brown in command . She cost about 215 , 000 . Ozark spent her entire Union Navy career serving in the Mississippi River Squadron . From 12 March to 22 May 1864 , she took part in the Rear Admiral David Porter 's Red River Expedition to Alexandria , Louisiana . During the retreat down the Red River , Ozark was trapped above the falls at Alexandria , along with most of the other ironclads of the Mississippi Squadron , when the river 's water level unexpectedly began to fall . Two temporary dams , known as Bailey 's Dam , had to be built in April May to raise the water level high enough to allow the ironclads to proceed downstream . After the end of the campaign , Ozark was assigned to the Third District , patrolling the Mississippi River between Morganza , Louisiana and Fort Adams , Mississippi . Following the end of the war , she was decommissioned at Mound City on 24 July 1865 and was sold 29 November . The identity of her purchaser is not known , nor are her activities after her sale , but Ozark was still in service in late 1873 and based at New Orleans . Louisiana governor William Pitt Kellogg used the ship to transport 35 soldiers of the 19th Infantry Regiment and 25 mounted members of the New Orleans Metropolitan Police to Colfax , Louisiana in October to apprehend the perpetrators of the Colfax Massacre . Due to widespread resistance by local whites , only a few men were arrested and transported to New Orleans by Ozark to stand trial in December . Prosecution witnesses were transported and housed in the ship during the trials in February March 1874 to protect them from threats made by white supremacists . Nothing further is known about the Ozark 's activities or fate .
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3,220 | St Ceidio 's Church , Rhodogeidio is a rural 19th century church near Llannerch y medd , in Anglesey , north Wales . It was built using materials from the 14th century church that previously stood on the site , which has been used for Christian worship since some time in the 7th century . The present building , which contains an east window dating from the 14th century and a 15th century font , is no longer used for services , but has been looked after by local people . It is a Grade II listed building , a national designation given to buildings of special interest , which warrant every effort being made to preserve them , in particular because it is unusual in being built closely to the form and detail of its Medieval predecessor . Two 19th century writers thought that the church was in a dreary spot , but a 2006 guide to Anglesey churches describes it as being in a pleasant location with good views . History and location The church is dedicated to St Ceidio , a 6th century British saint who established a number of churches in Wales . Geraint Jones , writing a guide to Anglesey churches in 2006 , said that the site of the church dates from the 7th century , and the 19th century antiquarian Angharad Llwyd wrote in her history of Anglesey that a church was thought to have been at this location since 630 . A 14th century church here was rebuilt in 1845 under the supervision of the then rector , Hugh Wynne Jones . The 19th century church reuses the foundations and materials of its predecessor . At one time , the church on this site was used as a chapel of ease to Llantrisant church . In the 15th century , St Mary 's Church , Rhodogeidio , was built to serve as a chapel of ease for St Ceidio 's . In 2006 , one author noted that St Ceidio 's had not been regularly used for some years , but restoration work had been carried out by local people . St Mary 's , which is about 0 . 75 miles ( 1 . 25 km ) to the west , is no longer used for services either , but is in ruins . St Ceidio 's is by the side of a road in the countryside about 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) to the northwest of Llannerch y medd , and is set within a raised circular churchyard , known in Welsh as a llan . The area takes its name from the church unk is thought to be an abbreviation of unk ( defended mound ) and unk is a modified form of the saint 's name i.e. , the defended mound of Ceidio . Architecture and fittings St Ceidio 's is constructed of rubble masonry , dressed with freestone . The roof is made of slate , and there is a stone 19th century bellcote at the west end . The roof trusses can be seen from the inside . Entrance is through a round headed doorway in the north wall at the west end . Cadw ( the Welsh Assembly Government body responsible for the built heritage of Wales ) says that this doorway is from the 14th century , but a 2009 guide to the buildings of north west Wales says that it may date from the 17th century . Inside , there is no internal structural division between the nave and the chancel apart from a single step . There are four windows , all with clear leaded glass the east window is the oldest , dating from the 14th century . It has a single light ( section of window ) with some tracery at the top and an external hoodmould . The two windows in the south wall and the window in the north wall date from the 19th century , and are set in rectangular frames the windows are topped with trefoils . The pews and the elevated pulpit date from the 19th century . The church has some marble memorials on the walls , dating from the 18th century , and a 15th century octagonal font . A 1937 survey by the Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales and Monmouthshire noted a bier from 1746 , an oak communion table from about 1700 , and an inscribed Elizabethan silver cup . unk lamps are used to light the church , since there is no electricity connection . Assessment The church has national recognition and statutory protection from alteration as it has been designated as a Grade II listed building the lowest of the three grades of listing , designating buildings of special interest , which warrant every effort being made to preserve them . It was given this status on 12 May 1970 , and has been listed because it is a simple mid 19th century church , unusual in being built closely to the form and detail of its Medieval predecessor . Cadw , which is responsible for the inclusion of Welsh buildings on the statutory lists , says that this means that St Ceidio 's retains strong vernacular character . Angharad Llwyd , writing before St Ceidio 's was rebuilt , referred to it as a small edifice in a dreary spot . The 19th century writer Samuel Lewis , describing the rebuilt church , was more complimentary The expense of the re edification was very moderate the ancient foundations were preserved , the same stones were used , and though the present building is a much better one than the former , its style is strictly the same . However , he too thought that the church was in a dreary spot . The Welsh politician and church historian Sir Stephen Glynne visited the church in 1851 . He said that the rebuilding of the church had been done on the whole in a neat style , with the inside very fairly arranged . A 2009 guide to the buildings of the region says that it is a tiny church in a raised llan in a hilltop circle of trees , and calls this the epitome of ancient siting . The authors note that the east window is comparable to that in another Anglesey church , St unk 's Church , Tregaean ( a comparison also made in the Royal Commission 's 1937 report ) . A 2006 guide to the churches of Anglesey describes St Ceidio 's as standing in a pleasant , quiet rural location , with good views in all directions .
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3,221 | Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers unk ( English Extraordinary News from Various Places ) or Gazette de Leyde ( Gazette of Leiden ) was the most important newspaper of record of the international European newspapers of the late 17th to the late 18th century . In the last few decades of the 18th century it was one of the main political newspapers in the Western world . It was published in French in Leiden , Netherlands . At that time the Netherlands enjoyed a significant freedom of the press . Its circulation likely exceeded 10 , 000 , and it may have reached even up to 100 , 000 . Background The Netherlands ( United Provinces ) were , in the 18th century , very tolerant in matters of freedom of the press and religious freedom . Compared to most contemporary countries , such as France , Great Britain or the Holy Roman Empire , there was little government interference ( censorship or monopolies ) . Many Huguenots fled France for the Netherlands during the reign of Louis XIV , particularly after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 . Several of them began publishing French language newspapers ( French being both their language and internationally used see lingua franca ) in a number of European cities covering political news in France and Europe . Read by the European elite , these papers were known in France as the foreign gazettes ( fr. gazettes unk ) . Contents and history The paper was founded by a Huguenot family , the de la Fonts , and passed into the hands of another Huguenot family , the unk , in 1738 . Sources vary on the exact date it was founded , suggesting 1660 , 1667 1669 or 1680 they all agree the publication continued to 1798 ( or 1811 under a different name ) . It was published twice a week ( on Tuesdays and Thursdays ) in Leiden ( hence its popular unofficial name , Gazette de Leyde ) . The newspaper usually contained eight pages arranged as a four page booklet . The size varied surviving examples are generally 11 . 6 centimetres ( 4 . 6 in ) by 19 . 4 centimetres ( 7 . 6 in ) or 12 . 3 centimetres ( 4 . 8 in ) by 19 . 8 centimetres ( 7 . 8 in ) , in which the text is organized into two columns . A four page , single column supplement was published from 1753 . The paper quality varied , war time conditions often enforced use of low quality stock , and the print was small and cramped . Subscriptions from France amounted to over 2 , 500 by 1778 , at an annual cost of 36 livres . Despite being a French language publication , the gazette was seen as independent of France . Its production was tolerated and even encouraged by the authorities , who often used Gazette de Leyde and other similar publications for their own ends , when wishing to publicize information that could not be released via the official channels . The paper also gave voice to institutions like the Parliament of France that were finding it difficult to publish in the official French newspaper , the Gazette de France . Nouvelles Extraordinaires , like other newspapers of its time , gave primarily political and commercial information , classified by source and date of arrival ( the oldest , from the most distant lands , coming first ) . It offered reports on international politics , such as wars and diplomatic relations , as well as coverage of major domestic affairs . The newspaper also contained trivia , editorials and advertising . Like many other early newspapers , it offered judgments and prognostications , and was in the main a juxtaposition of rumors and announcements from various sources , presented without much unification . It is distinguished by its position against the French absolute monarchy , support for religious tolerance , including for unk , support for democratic reforms such as the introduction of parliaments , support for the American independence and the Polish Constitution of May 3 , 1791 . The newspaper preferred to praise the changes in Poland ( the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth ) more than those in France , criticizing the violence of the French Revolution , and contrasting it with the peaceful transformation in Poland . This relative lack of support for the French Revolution may explain why the paper was abolished on 23 April 1798 , three years after the invasion of the Netherlands by France and the Batavian Revolution . It reappeared as the Nouvelles politiques unk Leyde in October , but it was seen as no longer independent . Under a new name Journal politique unk Leyde it lasted from 1804 until 1811 , but it never regained its audience and its quality , and disappeared after the annexation of Holland by the French Empire . A new Leyden Gazette briefly appeared after the liberation of Holland in 1814 . Impact Its circulation reached several thousand , with the highest estimates of about 10 , 000 issues , and copies of it were found from Moscow and Istanbul to Madrid and the United States . With unlicensed copies and shared subscriptions its circulation might have even been several times higher , reaching at the highest estimates close to 100 , 000 . Nouvelles Extraordinaires was the most popular of about 20 French language newspapers published mainly outside France , most in the Netherlands and Germany ( in terms of popularity , it was followed by Gazette d unk and later , Courier du Bas Rhin ) . Thomas Jefferson referred to it as the best in Europe and the only one worth reading and it was said to be the only journal read by Louis XVI . The paper 's impact and recognition on the 18th century has been compared to that of the London Times in the 19th century , and the New York Times in the 20th . Editors The newspaper editors were Jean Alexandre de la Font ( 1677 1685 ) Claude Jordan ( 1685 unk ) Anthony de la Font ( 1689 1738 ) Etienne unk ( 1738 1772 ) Jean unk ( 1772 1798 )
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3,222 | Tylopilus tabacinus is a species of bolete fungus in the Boletaceae family . It is characterized by a tawny brown cap measuring up to 17 . 5 cm ( 6 . 9 in ) in diameter , and a reticulated stem up to 16 . 5 cm ( 6 . 5 in ) long by 6 cm ( 2 . 4 in ) thick . A characteristic microscopic feature is the distinctive crystalline substance encrusted on the hyphae in the surface of the cap . The species is known from the eastern United States from Florida north to Rhode Island , and west to Mississippi , and from eastern Mexico . It is a mycorrhizal species , and associates with oak and beech trees . The edibility of the mushroom is unknown . Taxonomy The species was first described by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1896 under the name Boletus tabacinus . Peck collected the type specimens in red clay on the bank of a roadside ditch in Alabama . William Alphonso Murrill transferred the species to his then newly described genus Ceriomyces in 1909 this genus has since been subsumed into Boletus . Rolf Singer moved the species to Tylopilus in 1944 . Although Singer considered B. tabacinus to be the same species as Boletus pisciodorus , this opinion was contested by William Alphonso Murrill , who , after examining the type specimens of both species , considered them to be distinct . Murrill 's conclusion was later corroborated by Alexander H. Smith and Harry D. Thiers in the 1971 monograph of boletes . In 1945 , Singer defined the varieties amarus and dubius that he collected in Florida . Description The caps of the fruit body initially have a rounded shape , but later become broadly convex and eventually flattened in age they reach dimensions of 4 . 5 17 . 5 cm ( 1 . 8 6 . 9 in ) wide . The color ranges from yellowish brown to orangish brown to tobacco brown . The cap surface is dry with a somewhat velvet like texture , although in larger specimens the surface is areolate ( divided into small areas by cracks ) . The cap margin is even and wavy . The tubes on the underside of the cap ( comprising the hymenium ) are dark brown to cinnamon brown . The angular to circular pores are lighter in color than the tubes and number about 1 2 pores per millimeter , while the tubes are up to 1 . 4 cm ( 0 . 55 in ) long . The pore surface is depressed around the stem . The cap flesh is white , but typically stains purplish buff or pinkish buff when cut . The stipe typically measures 4 16 . 5 cm ( 1 . 6 6 . 5 in ) by 2 . 5 6 cm ( 1 . 0 2 . 4 in ) thick . When young , it is bulbous , but matures to become more or less equal in width throughout . Its color is roughly the same as the cap , although it tends to be slightly darker in the upper portion , where it is reticulate ( covered with a net like patterns of ridges ) . The odor of the mushroom has been described variously as not distinctive , fruity , fishy , or pungent , while the taste is indistinct to slightly bitter . The edibility of the mushroom is unknown . The variety amarus is similar in appearance , but has bitter tasting flesh , while variety dubius has a lighter colored cap and less distinctive reticulations on the apex of the stem . Fruit bodies produce a spore print ranging in color from pinkish brown to reddish brown . The spores measure 10 17 by 3 . 5 4 . 5 m , and are fusoid ( somewhat spindle shaped ) to elliptical . Spores have a smooth surface , and a plage ( a depressed area where the spore was once attached to the basidium via the sterigma ) . The spore walls are thin , up to 0 . 2 m . They are pale yellow to cream green in a solution of potassium hydroxide , pale yellow rust in Melzer 's reagent , and blue in Methyl blue without stain , they appear hyaline to pale yellow . The cap cuticle is an interwoven trichodermium a cellular arrangement whereby the hyphae are of roughly equal length and arranged perpendicularly to the surface . The terminal ( end ) cells of the trichodermium are 6 . 5 11 . 5 m in diameter , and roughly equal in width throughout their length . They are encrusted with a crystalline substance , a feature that is uncommon in the Boletaceae . The hyphae of the tubes are 5 . 0 13 . 0 m in diameter . Clamp connections are absent from the hyphae . The basidia ( spore bearing cells ) of T. tabacinus are club shaped and measure 23 . 5 37 . 0 by 8 . 5 13 . 0 m . The pleurocystidia ( cystidia found on the inner surface of the tubes ) are 45 . 0 60 . 0 by 6 . 5 12 . 5 m , lanceolate ( lance shaped ) to narrowly fusoid ventricose ( enlarged in the middle and somewhat spindle shaped ) . Cheilocystidia ( cystidia on the outer edges of the tubes ) are absent . The caulocystidia ( cystidia on the stem ) form the reticulations on the stem they are usually club shaped and measure 21 . 0 40 . 5 by 6 . 5 10 . 5 m . Similar species Boletus pisciodorus is similar in form to Tylopilus tabacinus . Unlike , T. tabacinus however , B. pisciodorus has spores that are hyaline in mass , and dark yellowish brown rather than hyaline when viewed with a light microscope . Further , B. pisciodorus has a fishy odor that is apparent in both fresh and dried specimens . Habitat and distribution Tylopilus tabacinus forms ectomycorrhizal associations with oaks , and fruit bodies are usually found solitarily , scattered , or in groups on sandy soil under oaks or in mixed oak pine woods from July to September . In the United States , the mushroom is distributed from Florida north to Rhode Island , and west to Mississippi . It has also been collected from a montane cloud forest of Mexican Beech ( Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana ) in the state of Hidalgo , Mexico . The occurrence of the mushroom is occasional to fairly common . The varieties amarus and dubius are rare , known only from their original collection locations in Gainesville , Florida .
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3,223 | SMS Arcona was the ninth member of the ten ship Gazelle class , built by the Imperial German Navy , and named after Cape Arkona on the German island of Rgen . She was built by the AG Weser dockyard in Bremen , laid down in 1901 , launched in April 1902 , and commissioned into the High Seas Fleet in May 1903 . Armed with a main battery of ten 10 . 5 cm ( 4 . 1 in ) guns and two 45 cm ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes , Arcona was capable of a top speed of 21 . 5 knots ( 39 . 8 km h 24 . 7 mph ) . Arcona served in all three German navies in the first half of the 20th century . She served both with the fleet and abroad during her career in the Imperial Navy in the early 1900s . In World War I , she was used as a coastal defense ship and then as a support vessel for the U boat campaign in the Atlantic . After the war , she served briefly in the Reichsmarine before being withdrawn and used for secondary duties . After the German Navy became the Kriegsmarine in 1935 , it rebuilt Arcona as a floating anti aircraft battery and used her to defend several German ports during World War II . She was scuttled in the final days of the war , and broken up for scrap in 1948 1949 . Construction Arcona was ordered under the contract name H and was laid down at the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen in 1901 and launched on 22 April 1902 , after which fitting out work commenced . She was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet on 12 May 1903 . The ship was 105 meters ( 344 ft ) long overall and had a beam of 12 . 4 m ( 41 ft ) and a draft of 4 . 99 m ( 16 . 4 ft ) forward . She displaced 3 , 180 t ( 3 , 130 long tons 3 , 510 short tons ) at full combat load . Her propulsion system consisted of two triple expansion engines manufactured by AG Weser . They were designed to give 8 , 000 shaft horsepower ( 6 , 000 kW ) , for a top speed of 21 . 5 knots ( 39 . 8 km h 24 . 7 mph ) . The engines were powered by eight coal fired Marine type water tube boilers . Arcona carried 700 tonnes ( 690 long tons ) of coal , which gave her a range of 4 , 400 nautical miles ( 8 , 100 km 5 , 100 mi ) at 12 knots ( 22 km h 14 mph ) . She had a crew of 14 officers and 256 enlisted men . The ship was armed with ten 10 . 5 cm SK L 40 guns in single mounts . Two were placed side by side forward on the forecastle , six were located amidships , three on either side , and two were placed side by side aft . The guns could engage targets out to 12 , 200 m ( 40 , 000 ft ) . They were supplied with 1 , 500 rounds of ammunition , for 150 shells per gun . She was also equipped with two 45 cm ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes with five torpedoes . They were submerged in the hull on the broadside . The ship was protected by an armored deck that was 20 to 25 mm ( 0 . 79 to 0 . 98 in ) thick . The conning tower had 80 mm ( 3 . 1 in ) thick sides , and the guns were protected by 50 mm ( 2 . 0 in ) thick shields . Service history After her commissioning , Arcona was assigned to the fleet reconnaissance forces . In 1905 , she was assigned to the Cruiser Division , alongside her sister Frauenlob and the cruisers Hamburg and Friedrich Carl . Arcona was assigned to overseas duty in 1907 , which lasted for three years . In 1909 , Arcona cruised the Pacific coast on the United States , including a stop in Honolulu . While there , on 10 December , she assisted the British merchant ship Celtic Chief , which had run aground on a reef outside Honolulu . After the ship had been lightened by removing its cargo , Arcona pulled the merchantman free from the reef . Arcona returned to Germany in 1910 and resumed service with the fleet . She was modernized in the Imperial Dockyard in Wilhelmshaven in 1911 1912 . Two of the ship 's 10 . 5 cm guns were removed , and two 50 cm ( 20 in ) deck mounted torpedo tubes were installed , along with provisions to carry 200 naval mines . After returning to duty in 1913 , the ship was withdrawn from front line service for use as a mine warfare test ship . The two guns removed in 1912 were reinstalled in 1914 . After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , Arcona was employed as a coastal defense vessel . Later in the war , Arcona was transferred to the Ems estuary , where she coordinated radio communications with the U boats attacking British merchant shipping . After the end of the war , Germany was charged with sweeping all naval mines in the North Sea by the Treaty of Versailles . Arcona was used as a depot ship for the minesweepers engaged in this duty , from 1919 to 1920 . She was thereafter commissioned into the newly reorganized Reichsmarine in 1921 and served until 1923 , when she was withdrawn from service . She was stricken on 15 January 1930 and used as a barracks ship initially in Wilhelmshaven , after 1936 , in Swinemnde by the newly renamed Kriegsmarine , and in Kiel after 1938 , where she remained until the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 . In May 1940 , Arcona was converted into a floating anti aircraft battery in Swinemnde , where she was stationed initially . Her armament now consisted of one 10 . 5 cm SK C 32 gun , four 10 . 5 cm SK C 33 guns , two 3 . 7 cm SK C 30 guns , and four 2 cm guns . She was later moved to Wilhelmshaven , where she was assigned to Naval Anti Aircraft Group 233 , and she was transferred to Brunsbttel later in the war . In closing days of the war in Europe , her crew scuttled the ship to prevent her from being captured , on 3 May 1945 . Nevertheless , the Royal Navy took control of the naval installation at Brunsbttel on 7 May , after the German surrender . Arcona was among the warships that were seized , including four U boats and the badly damaged destroyer Z31 . Their German crews unloaded ammunition and removed weapons from the ships under British supervision . She was subsequently broken up for scrap in 1948 1949 .
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3,224 | The Spirit of the American Doughboy is a pressed copper sculpture by E. M. Viquesney , designed to honor the veterans and casualties of World War I. Mass produced during the 1920s and 1930s for communities throughout the United States , the statue 's design was the most popular of its kind , spawning a wave of collectible miniatures and related memorabilia as well as numerous copies by other artists . Its title is often shortened to The Doughboy , and in some locales it is nicknamed Iron Mike . Memorials The statue depicts a doughboy walking through shattered tree stumps strung with barbed wire , his rifle in his left hand and his right hand held high above his head , clutching a hand grenade . The aggressive design and affordability of the statue made it extremely popular , and more than 150 copies of it were created for municipal memorials across the nation . The Smithsonian American Art Museum currently lists 159 locations . Of that number , 134 currently existing originals have been independently authenticated , and several have been identified as copies by other artists ( notably Over the Top by John Paulding ) . Viquesney 's actual brochures quoted a figure of over 300 by the late 1930s , claiming at least one in every state of the Union , but this is believed to be an inflated figure . Two of the statues , both in Arkansas , are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places one in Helena and one in Fort Smith . Installed in cemeteries , town squares , outside museums , parks , on courthouse lawns , and countless other places , the design is said to be the most viewed example of outdoor statuary in the U.S. ( after the Statue of Liberty ) although many people do not even realize they have seen it . In 1998 , longtime Sarasota resident sculptor Frank Colson was commissioned to create a copy for the city of Sarasota , Florida , and again in 2002 , for the city of Columbia , South Carolina . These were new copies in their own right , not meant to replace any existing Doughboys as Sarasota never had an original Viquesney Doughboy . An original does exist in another part of Columbia , SC , giving that city two an original and a copy . Colson and his son also worked on the restoration of the Doughboy in Clearwater , Florida , along with its companion statue , Spirit of the American Navy . The original Doughboy statue was completed in 1921 while Viquesney was living in Americus , Georgia and is located in Nashville , Georgia . However , it was the second to be installed , and about the 25th to be formally dedicated . The first completed installation was at Furman University in Greenville , South Carolina . The statue in Spencer , Indiana , the sculptor 's hometown , was not dedicated until May 29 , 1927 . unk The statue also sparked an interior decorating fad in the 1920s . The design was so popular that Viquesney manufactured replica pot metal statuettes by the thousands . Also available were doughboy lamps , which were made from the 12 statuettes ( the doughboy held a light bulb and lampshade in his raised hand ) , candlesticks , plaques , a smaller 6 version of the statuette , as well as less expensive plaster versions . The statuettes and lamps were made from 1921 to 1925 in Americus , Georgia , and continued to be produced in Spencer , Indiana until at least the late 1930s . With the passage of time and changes in fashion , many of these items were lost , broken , or discarded , making those few remaining in good condition sought after by modern collectors . Variations on the theme Another statue , created as a companion to the Doughboy , was entitled Spirit of the American Navy . This version depicted a sailor in a working uniform holding his cover aloft in his right hand . Far less popular than the Doughboy , only seven were made . All the known Navy statues are installed as part of a set along with a Doughboy statue , or occur nearby , as one of each at the ends of a bridge . Another version , holding a large artillery shell with both hands instead of waving his cap , appears in a 1926 unk unk catalog . The only stone version of the Spirit of the American Navy is found in Crowell , Texas according to a Nov. 2 , 2011 article by Daniel Walker in The Vernon Daily Record . The Smithsonian lists only six under the correct title ( the seventh being listed along with the doughboy at Kingman , Arizona ) . One , located in Palatka , Florida , is actually a different version of the statue said to have been created by sculptor Ray Fernandez , although no reference to any sculptor by that name exists in either the Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalogue or the unk database . Viquesney 's 1936 list shows 2 Doughboys , 2 Sailors , reinforcing the likelihood that Viquesney 's 2 2 brochure claim was a typo , since all four statues ( the two standard Doughboys , the Sailor , and a variant design Doughboy ) , were all dedicated at Palatka on November 11 , 1927 , according to newspaper articles . A Smithsonian reference to the Palatka variant Doughboy states that it may possibly have been sculpted by Gutzon Borglum . There is no proof of this , although Viquesney 's self written obituary boasts that he knew Borglum . Other variants were designed by Viquesney to depict different doughboy poses , but very few got past the drawing stage and none were ever realized at full scale . The largest variant actually known to be by Viquesney is a unique three foot memorial in unk , Ohio , also listed as The Spirit of the Doughboy by the Smithsonian . It was copyrighted in 1930 and dedicated in 1938 . No full sized Viquesney doughboys in any pose other than the original have been confirmed to exist . New information and photographs confirm this piece is actually titled Resting Doughboy and was copyrighted in 1936 .
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3,225 | Homer 's Night Out is the tenth episode of The Simpsons ' first season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 25 , 1990 . It was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Rich Moore . In the episode , Bart orders a mail order spy camera , which he uses to secretly take a photograph of Homer dancing with an exotic belly dancer . Marge makes Homer apologize to the exotic dancer to teach Bart that women are not objects . Sam McMurray guest stars in the episode as Gulliver Dark , the man that introduces Homer to the crowd at the burlesque show . The episode was well received by critics and it was the second highest rated show on the Fox network the week it aired . This episode , along with three other episodes of the show , is featured on the The Simpsons Gone Wild DVD released in 2004 . Plot Bart purchases a miniature spy camera from a mail order catalog and uses it to take candid photos around the house . Later , Homer tells Marge he is going to a bachelor party for a co worker , Eugene Fisk . While Homer is gone , Marge decides to take the children to the Rusty Barnacle , a seafood restaurant where ( unknown to her ) the bachelor party is well under way . A sexy belly dancer named Princess Kashmir arrives at the party and invites Homer on stage to dance with her . On the way to the restaurant bathroom , Bart wanders into the bachelor party room and eagerly snaps a picture of Homer and Kashmir . Bart brings the picture to school and gives a copy of it to Milhouse , who promptly gets requests from other students for a copy of the picture . It is not long before everyone in Springfield has one . Marge sees a copy of the picture at her aerobics class and furiously rips it from the bulletin board . When Homer gets home that day , Marge immediately shoves the picture in his face and demands an explanation . At that point , Bart inadvertently reveals that it was his picture , and Homer gets angry at him for taking the picture . After sending Bart to his room , Marge shoves a hastily half packed suitcase in front of Homer and kicks him out of the house . Homer spends the night at Barney 's apartment . The next day Homer goes home to apologize to Marge . To his surprise , he learns that what upset her was not what he did , but that Bart saw it and will one day misconstrue it as a sign that it is okay to treat women like sex objects . She insists that he take Bart to meet Princess Kashmir so that Bart can see for himself that she is more than just a stripper . Left with no alternative , Homer and Bart scour the strip clubs of Springfield to find Princess Kashmir . Eventually , they track her down at the Sapphire Lounge . Homer introduces himself and Bart to Kashmir , who is preoccupied with getting on stage for her performance , though she understands what Homer is trying to get through for his son . Without knowing it , Homer accidentally finds himself on stage at the burlesque show . Homer is about to be thrown offstage when the audience recognize him as the guy from the picture . The audience applauds and Homer gets caught up in the fanfare and starts dancing with the showgirls , until he sees Bart and realizes what he was supposed to do . Homer stops the show and successfully manages to make a plea to the audience to treat women with respect . Marge , who is in the audience , accepts Homer 's apology and the two make up . Production The episode was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Rich Moore . Barney 's apartment , which Homer spends the night in when he is kicked out by Marge , is partly based on an apartment Jim Reardon , Moore , and a few other animators of The Simpsons shared in college . One of the strip clubs Homer and Bart visit when they are trying to find Princess Kashmir is based on the Seventh Veil Strip Club in Los Angeles , California . The staff went around Hollywood taking pictures of strip clubs so that they could get inspiration for the interior design of the strip club buildings in Springfield . The character designer designed over fifty different international showgirl costumes for the showgirls in the burlesque show sequence . Carl Carlson made his first appearance on The Simpsons in this episode . Reception In its original American broadcast , Homer 's Night Out finished fourteenth place in the weekly ratings for the week of March 19 25 , 1990 , with a Nielsen rating of 16 . 9 . It was the second highest rated show on the Fox network that week . Homer 's Night Out received generally positive reviews from critics . In a DVD review of the first season , David B. Grelck gave the episode a rating of 4 5 and named it one of his two favorite episodes of the season . He added that it allows us to see that Homer really does love Marge a lot without having to blatantly stamp sentimentality all over it . The episode is strange , goofy and fun . Colin Jacobson at DVD Movie Guide said that the concept of Marge s anger at Homer got old , but this episode managed to offer a reasonably entertaining affair . It was fun to see Homer treated like a party god , and this offered a few nice moments . The overall level of quality remained good throughout the show , but it didn t rise to any great heights . David Packard at DVD Verdict said in a review of the The Simpsons Gone Wild DVD that this episode sports some of the awkward animation and voice work that is prevalent in episodes from the first season . That aspect isn 't an issue to me in fact , I quite enjoy season one as it shows the early efforts of the series getting its legs in making the transition from its origin on The Tracey Ullman Show . The problem I have with this episode is that it 's not particularly funny . I chuckled a few times , but the episode doesn 't have the rollicking gags and sly humor of the two episodes to follow .
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3,226 | St Fflewin 's Church , Llanfflewin ( sometimes referred to as St unk 's Church , unk ) is a small rural church , situated by a farm in Anglesey , north Wales . The first church on the site is said to have been built by St Fflewin in 630 , but the present building has no structural features dating from before the 18th century , although the church has a font from the 14th or 15th century and part of an inscribed medieval gravestone has been reused in a window sill . The church is still used for worship by the Church in Wales , and is one of five churches in a combined benefice . It is a Grade II listed building , a national designation given to buildings of special interest , which warrant every effort being made to preserve them , because it is a simple rural church built on Medieval foundations . A 2006 guide to the churches of Anglesey said that it is a typical , well preserved rural church and is well worth a visit . History and location St Fflewin , to whom the church is dedicated , was a Christian who was active in the 6th century . He is described as the son of unk Hael , who came to Britain from Armorica ( present day northern France ) towards the end of the 5th century . He established a Christian site at the location of the present church in 630 ( according to the Diocese of Bangor and a 2006 guide to the churches of Anglesey ) , although a 19th century guide to Wales by the writer Samuel Lewis says that it was sometime early in the 7th century . No part of a building from that period survives . There was a church here by 1254 , since it is recorded in the Norwich Taxation of that year . The present building is thought by Cadw ( the Welsh Assembly Government body responsible for the built heritage of Wales ) to be probably built upon Medieval foundations , albeit that the earliest dateable feature of the structure is from the late 18th century . After some repairs in the early part of the 19th century , St Fflewin 's was partially rebuilt ( judiciously , says a 2009 guide to the buildings of north west Wales ) in 1864 and further restored during the 1930s . The Welsh poet and clergyman Morris Williams ( better known by his bardic name Nicander ) was rector here from 1859 until his death in 1874 he was buried at unk , one of the other Anglesey churches for which he had responsibility . The church is isolated , located in the countryside of north Anglesey by a farm , about 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) from unk , in an area of Anglesey known as Mynydd unk . Llanfflewin takes its name from the church the Welsh word llan originally meant enclosure and then church , so Llanfflewin means Church of Fflewin . It is set within a raised circular enclosure , with an arched lychgate ( possibly of 17th century date ) . It is still in use for worship , and belongs to the Church in Wales , as one of five churches in the combined benefice of unk with Bodewryd with Rhosbeirio with Llanfflewin and unk . It is within the deanery of Twrcelyn , the archdeaconry of Bangor and the Diocese of Bangor . As of 2012 , the rector is Canon G W Edwards . Architecture and fittings The church , which is small and rectangular , has no internal division between the nave and the chancel . It measures 47 feet 6 inches by 14 feet 9 inches ( 14 . 5 by 4 . 5 m ) . It is built of rubble masonry , and the roof is made of slate there is a gabled bellcote at the west end of the roof . The roof timbers can be seen from the inside . Entrance to the church is through a porch with a rounded arch at the west end of the south wall , and there is a vestry , with one window , at the west end of the north wall . The windows in the south and north walls are rectangular pairs the window in the east wall is in the form of a rounded arch , with two lights ( sections of window separated by mullions ) . The sill of the window has a fragment of a medieval gravestone ( dating from some time after 1300 ) set into it , inscribed HIC unk unk . The church has a roughly dressed font with nine sides , dating from the 14th or 15th century . There are a number of slate memorial tablets on the north and south walls from the 18th century . A 1937 survey by the Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales and Monmouthshire also recorded a bier , with the initials W.W. and the date 1784 , and an Elizabethan silver cup with a cover paten , the paten having an engraved date of 1574 . It also noted a wooden pitch pipe and wooden shovel , both dating from the late 18th century . Assessment The church has national recognition and statutory protection from alteration as it has been designated by Cadw ( on behalf of the National Assembly for Wales ) as a Grade II listed building the lowest of the three grades of listing , designating buildings of special interest , which warrant every effort being made to preserve them . It was given this status on 12 May 1970 , and has been listed because it is a simple rural church built on Medieval foundations . Cadw also notes that it retains the vernacular character of a pre gothic revival church . Samuel Lewis said that the church , which he described as a plain edifice , was beautifully situated near a small lake , and surrounded with pleasing scenery . The Welsh politician and church historian Sir Stephen Glynne visited the church on 4 September 1867 . He said that the church has been so completely modernised , that it is doubtful whether any original feature remains but the bell gable and one single light window in the north wall . He said that the font was of singular design octagonal , swelling downwards and each face concave . He also said that the site was wild and striking . A 2006 guide to the churches of Anglesey says that it is a typical , well preserved rural church and is well worth a visit .
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3,227 | Erez Lieberman Aiden ( born 1980 ) , formerly known as Erez Lieberman , is an American research scientist active in multiple fields related to applied mathematics . He is an assistant professor at the Baylor College of Medicine , and formerly a fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and visiting faculty member at Google . Using mathematical and computational approaches , he has studied evolution in a range of contexts , including that of networks through evolutionary graph theory and languages in the field of culturomics . He has published scientific articles in a variety of disciplines . Lieberman Aiden has won awards including the Lemelson MIT Student Prize and the American Physical Society 's Award for Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Research in Biological Physics . In 2009 , Lieberman Aiden was named as one of 35 top innovators under 35 by Technology Review and in 2011 he was one of the recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers . Early life and education Erez Lieberman Aiden grew up in Brooklyn with three siblings . He began computer programming at the age of seven . His father , Aharon Lieberman , was a technology entrepreneur and owned a factory in New Jersey . As a child Lieberman Aiden spoke Hebrew and Hungarian , making English his third language . Lieberman Aiden studied mathematics , physics , and philosophy at Princeton , and earned a master 's degree in History at Yeshiva University . He proceeded to complete a joint PhD in mathematics and bioengineering at the Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , where he was advised by Eric Lander and Martin Nowak . Research Lieberman Aiden contributed to the founding of evolutionary graph theory along with his PhD supervisor Martin Nowak . He has since been involved in researching the three dimensional structure of the human genome and the field of culturomics . Three dimensional genome structure Lieberman Aiden was part of a team of scientists from the University of Massachusetts Medical School and MIT that first suggested human DNA folds into a fractal globule rather than an equilibrium globule . This finding explains how each cell 's genome is able to be heavily compacted without forming a knot . Lieberman Aiden and coworkers invented a variant of chromosome conformation capture called Hi C which produces a genome wide measure of contact probabilities that point to a 3 dimensional genome structure . This technique combines existing chromosome capture methodology with next generation sequencing , enabling an all versus all measure of chromatin contacts . In 2009 this work was published in the journal Science and was featured as a cover illustration . Following the publication , Lieberman Aiden was quoted as saying We ve long known that on a small scale , DNA is a double helix But if the double helix didn t fold further , the genome in each cell would be two meters long . Scientists have not really understood how the double helix folds to fit into the nucleus of a human cell , which is only about a hundredth of a millimeter in diameter . This new approach enabled us to probe exactly that question . In 2014 , he served as a senior author on an article in Cell which described a refined method of Hi C which his team used to describe the fundamental organization of DNA . unk Lieberman Aiden was involved in the analysis of a corpus of around 5 million digitised books , applying data mining techniques to advance the new field of culturomics . Leiberman Aiden was involved in a project to digitise Anglo Saxon texts in 2004 , the analysis of which led to the discovery of verb regularisation , a process whereby irregular verbs become increasingly regular over time . After the announcement of Google Books , Lieberman Aiden approached Google 's Director of Research Peter Norvig and was permitted to statistically analyse their data . His work contributed to the Google unk Viewer , released in December 2010 , which makes use of culturomics ideas to produce normalized historical trends for any sequence of letters . This project published a number of findings in the journal Science , including the changing dynamic of fame and instances of literary censorship during the Second World War . Awards In 2008 Lieberman Aiden was awarded the Lemelson MIT Student Prize for his work on the unk , meant to assist elderly people with balance problems and prevent falls that could cause injury . The following year , the unk was listed as one of 20 New Biotech unk that Will Change Medicine by Popular Mechanics . A year later Lieberman Aiden was named as one of 35 top innovators under 35 ( unk ) by MIT 's Technology Review magazine . In 2010 , the American Physical Society presented Lieberman Aiden with the Award for Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Research in Biological Physics for his thesis titled Evolution and the emergence of structure . His doctoral dissertation was also awarded the Hertz Thesis Prize . Lieberman Aiden is also the recipient of an NIH Director 's New Innovator Award and was named , along with 95 other American researchers , as a recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2011 . Personal life Erez Lieberman married Aviva Presser in 2005 following the marriage both husband and wife appended to their surnames Aiden , which means Eden in Hebrew and , in Gaelic , little fire . They have a son named Gabriel Galileo and a daughter . Outside of scientific interests , Lieberman Aiden participated in a modern art collaboration with Nicholas Kahn and Richard unk which was exhibited in galleries in the United States and Europe . Lieberman Aiden and his wife founded Bears Without Borders , a nonprofit organisation which distributes stuffed toys to the developing world .
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3,228 | Who Really Cares ( Featuring the Sound of Insanity ) is a song by Powderfinger from their sixth album Dream Days at the Hotel Existence . It is the fourth single from the album and was released in Australia in March 2008 . The band 's publicist , Ms. Fanclub , announced on 27 February that the single would be released to radioplay in the following week , without specifying a date . In her announcement , she also noted that a music video will be released at about the same time . The music video was then released in mid March however , the single 's release was then announced as 31 March . A music video was released for the song however , it features the live version of the song taken from the DVD for the Across the Great Divide tour , whereas the radio single for the song is a radio edit of the studio album version . The music video is directly taken from the DVD however , it is altered optically with filters and converted into black and white . Background Who Really Cares ( Featuring the Sound of Insanity ) was recorded by Powderfinger for their 2007 album Dream Days at the Hotel Existence at Sunset Sound Studio , Los Angeles , California , in early 2007 with producer Rob Schnapf . The part of the title Featuring the Sound of Insanity refers to a sound just after the bridge in which a sitar is played with synthesised effects overlaid . Prior to its release as a single , a live version of Who Really Cares appeared on the earlier Dream Days at the Hotel Existence single , I Don 't Remember . Another live version also appears on the group 's 2007 DVD Across the Great Divide tour . Release Cover art Though the single was never a physical CD release , artwork was created for it . The artwork featured the headless man who is otherwise seen throughout the releases for other singles from Dream Days at the Hotel Existence , however on this cover , the area where his head would be is a fireball , and he appears to be holding a briefcase while walking down the hallway of a hotel , another common theme throughout the artwork for the album . Unlike the last two singles from Dream Days at the Hotel Existence , the artwork doesn 't follow the picture in picture theme . Music video The music video for Who Really Cares is a live performance of the song by Powderfinger for their Across the Great Divide tour in 2007 . The music video contains the performance featured on the DVD for the Across the Great Divide tour , filmed in Melbourne in 2007 . The performance features a piano solo by the pianist Lachlan Doley , who performed keyboards and piano throughout the tour . The music video , produced by PVC as part of the tour DVD , is completely in black and white and throughout features optical filters that warp and alter the visual display . These filters intensify from the bridge and continue until the end of the clip . The music is performed differently from the original studio recording , with improvised solos , including Ian Haug playing the sitar part on a double necked guitar with synthesised effects to emulate the sitar sound , and the performance of the song ends with a unk , where the tempo slows to an end . Critical response Prior to being released as a single , Who Really Cares received a mixed response by reviewers when commenting on Dream Days at the Hotel Existence . Melbourne based webzine unk reviewer Andrew Weaver comments on the song 's musical layering , coupling the song with Wishing on the Same Moon and comments that the layering in the two songs gives the music genuine depth of sound and taking the veteran group to new places . CitySearch Sydney also made reference to the likeness to Wishing on the Same Moon , but notes that what sets the two songs apart is a serviceable fade out cacophony of keys and guitar . Music journalist Chris Leonard of UK magazine Rock Louder praises the live performance of the song while Powderfinger performed in Glasgow on 11 December 2007 . J. Watson of unk comments that the song , when performed live at The Sydney Opera House Forecourt for charity on 31 October 2007 , was another highlight of the evening . Fellow reviewer from unk , unk , comments on the song 's sparse Pink Floyd esque sound which echoes through Who Really Cares , as clever a rock ballad as the band have ever written . Andrew unk of Mess Noise echoed the comments of similarities to Pink Floyd , and also Neil Young , stating where psych gospel organ and wailing guitar billow around Fanning s vocals like a lost track from Dark Side of the Moon . Though most of the critical response has been positive , the song has also received criticism from UK reviewer Matthias Scherer of Noize Makes Enemies . Scherer notes that the song 's title Who Really Cares is a question that should have been asked before recording , not during , though this comment refers both to the song itself , and the whole album of Dream Days at the Hotel Existence . Charts The song 's critical response has been mostly positive , though so too were the two prior singles from Dream Days at the Hotel Existence , which both performed poorly in the charts . Like these two , Who Really Cares was released to radioplay and music video stations , but with little inclusion in circulation , leading speculators to believe the single will follow I Don 't Remember and Nobody Sees with poor charting performance . This speculation proved to be accurate , leading to Who Really Cares to be the first single by Powderfinger since their 2004 release Bless My Soul to fail to achieve a position on the ARIA Charts . Although B side One More Kiss As You Fly Away was the number 81 on the ARIA Charts . Track listing Who Really Cares ( Featuring the Sound of Insanity ) One More Kiss as You Fly Away Personnel
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3,229 | Hurricane Gracie was a major hurricane that formed in September 1959 , the strongest during the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season and the most intense to strike the United States since Hurricane Hazel in 1954 . The system was first noted as an area of thunderstorms east of the Lesser Antilles which moved just north of the Greater Antilles , quickly intensifying into a hurricane on September 22 . Gracie was a storm that was very difficult to forecast , with its movement unpredictable . After five days of erratic motion , Gracie became a major hurricane which struck South Carolina , and weakened as it moved up the Appalachians , bringing much needed rain to a drought plagued region . Much of the destruction related with Gracie was centered on Beaufort , South Carolina . Gracie became an extratropical cyclone on September 30 while moving through the Eastern United States . Meteorological history An area of squally weather was first noted a few hundred miles east of the Lesser Antilles on September 18 . The convective area organized into a tropical depression near the north coast of Hispaniola on September 20 . After moving west northwestward for a day , it turned northeastward , where upper level winds were very favorable and steering currents were very weak . On September 22 Gracie was named as a tropical depression before it developed into Tropical Storm Gracie , followed by reaching hurricane strength later that night . It turned to the east on September 25 , and turned back west to west northwest on September 27 as a stable anticyclone built in to its north . Gracie quickly strengthened and reached its peak of 140 mph ( 230 km h ) winds on September 29 , but cooler air and land interaction weakened it to a 120 mph ( 190 km h ) Category 3 major hurricane at the time of its landfall at 1625 UTC over St. Helena Sound near the south end of Edisto Island in South Carolina . After landfall , Gracie moved inland and north and became extratropical on September 30 . Preparations A hurricane watch was issued for the coast of the United States from Savannah , Georgia to Wilmington , North Carolina at 1600 UTC on September 28 , which were quickly updated to hurricane warnings by 1900 UTC the same day . By 1900 UTC , gale warnings were in effect from Daytona Beach , Florida to Savannah , Georgia as well as from Wilmington to Morehead City , North Carolina . At 1200 UTC on September 29 , gale warnings were dropped south of Brunswick , Georgia . At 2200 UTC , gale warnings were extended northward to Cape May , New Jersey , including Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay . At 0400 UTC on September 30 , all warnings south of Cape Hatteras were dropped , leaving gale warnings in effect from Cape Hatteras northward . At 1000 UTC , small craft were advised to remain in port from Cape May northward to Block Island , Rhode Island . By 1600 UTC , due to Gracie 's continued weakening , all remaining gale warnings were downgraded to small craft warnings . Impact Georgia and South Carolina Storm surge flooding was minimal due to the storm 's landfall near the time of low tide . However , Charleston still recorded their highest tide since 1940 . Along the coast of southern South Carolina , the storm tide was measured up to 11 . 9 feet ( 3 . 6 m ) above mean lower low water ( the average level of the lowest low tide each day ) . The United States Coast Guard vessel Bramble evacuated people stranded in Savannah and Charleston on September 30 . Gracie killed 10 people in South Carolina and Georgia , mainly due to wind and rain induced automobile accidents , falling trees and electrocution by live wires . The Garden Club of South Carolina replaced numerous trees after the storm . Wind damage was quite significant across South Carolina , particularly the city of Beaufort , South Carolina , with many downed trees , telephone poles , and streetlights . Also , numerous windows were shattered and shingles were torn off of roofs . A number of creeks overflowed causing floodwaters that , in areas , were several feet deep . The opening of the Beaufort Center of the University of South Carolina was delayed due to Gracie . It would be 30 years before another major hurricane struck South Carolina Hurricane Hugo in September 1989 . Elsewhere in the United States Heavy rains fell well ahead of the storm along an inverted trough extending north of the storm , causing 6 . 79 inches ( 172 mm ) between the mornings of September 28 and September 29 at Norfolk , Virginia . The highest rainfall amount measured during the storm was 13 . 20 inches ( 335 mm ) at Big Meadows . The storm spawned seven tornadoes in all . A few of the tornadoes which accompanied the dissipating storm through Virginia killed twelve people near Charlottesville , Virginia . Other tornadoes touched down in the Carolinas and Pennsylvania . For the most part , rainfall from Gracie was beneficial as it moved up the Appalachians since the area had been in a drought preceding the cyclone . Long term impact Edisto Beach , South Carolina was changed forever by Gracie , due to human efforts to unk the beach after its passage . Most of the shell hash beach currently at Edisto was placed there after Gracie . In order to expand the beach , an inland marsh was excavated and moved to the shoreline . This created highly desirable beach front property which led to new development along the coast seaward of Palmetto Boulevard , but also created an environmental catastrophe along the nearby ocean floor . A species of isopod which grows in coastal estuaries , the unk unk , disappeared after the passage of this hurricane from the unk River in South Carolina . The Kermadec petrel , a bird , was swept to Lookout Mountain Sanctuary in Pennsylvania during Gracie , marking the first time it appeared in North America .
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3,230 | The 1933 Texas tropical storm produced record rainfall in the south central United States in July of the 1933 Atlantic hurricane season . It was the third storm of the season , developing on July 14 near the Lesser Antilles . While moving westward through the Caribbean Sea , the cyclone passed just south of Jamaica on July 16 . The storm dropped heavy rainfall on the island that caused flooding and road washouts . On July 18 , the storm struck Belize and later moved across the Yucatn Peninsula . Initially it was believed that the storm continued into Mexico and dissipated while another storm formed to its northeast , but it was discovered in 2012 that the storm followed one continuous track . On July 23 , the storm struck southeastern Texas at its peak intensity of 50 mph ( 85 km h ) . It moved inland and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone . Turning eastward , the storm dropped torrential rainfall in eastern Texas and western Louisiana , peaking at 21 . 3 in ( 540 mm ) in Logansport , Louisiana . Several stations reported record rainfall , including Shreveport , Louisiana where its 24 hour amount remained the highest daily total as of 2008 . High rains left about 1 . 5 million in crop damage between two Texas counties . The rains caused rivers to exceed their banks , forcing evacuations and road closures . Meteorological history On July 14 , a tropical depression developed near Saint Kitts . Initially it moved west northwestward before turning to the west , and on July 15 it passed south of Hispaniola . That day , ships in the region confirmed the presence of a closed circulation . The depression was assessed to have intensified into a tropical storm at 0000 UTC on July 16 , before passing just south of Jamaica later that day . After affecting the island , the storm turned to the west southwest , reaching peak winds of 50 mph ( 85 km h ) early on July 18 . Later that day , a ship reported a pressure of 995 mbar ( 29 . 4 inHg ) , which was adjusted to 999 mbar ( 29 . 5 inHg ) to compensate a bias in the ship 's barometer . Around 1500 UTC on July 18 , the storm made landfall near Belize City , Belize at its peak intensity . After moving ashore , the storm quickly weakened into a tropical depression while crossing the Yucatn Peninsula . Late on July 19 , it emerged into the Bay of Campeche . It turned to the northwest due to a ridge moving eastward , and the system re intensified into a tropical storm on July 21 . At around 0800 UTC on July 23 , the storm moved ashore on Matagorda Bay in southeastern Texas with winds of about 45 mph ( 75 km h ) . The storm again weakened to a tropical depression shortly after landfall , before turning to the north and north northeast . On July 24 , the cyclone began interacting with a cold front , and became extratropical . It tracked slowly eastward across eastern Texas and northern Louisiana due to a high pressure area to the north . It later moved along the Mississippi River , and early on July 27 , the front absorbed the depression along the border of Arkansas and Mississippi . Impact While passing south of Jamaica , the storm produced the heavy rainfall in the month of July in at least 40 years , which overflowed rivers . Both Kingston and Saint Andrew Parish reported 9 in ( 230 mm ) , causing flooding and landslides . The storm washed out roads , most of them unpaved , and one bridge was wrecked this disrupted the regional transportation . The storm also cut telegraph lines between Kingston and the eastern portion of the island . It later moved across Belize and the Yucatn Peninsula , although no stations reported gale force winds or low pressures . Despite being a weak tropical cyclone , the storm dropped heavy rainfall in eastern Texas and northwestern Louisiana . Some areas received 5 . 9 in ( 150 mm ) in as little as six hours , and about 50 , 000 sq mi ( 130 , 000 km2 ) reported 10 . 4 in ( 260 mm ) . The highest rainfall total was 21 . 3 in ( 540 mm ) in Logansport , Louisiana . As of 2009 , this was the seventh highest total on record in the state , although three of the amounts were from the same storm . Logansport also reported a 24 hour total of 18 in ( 460 mm ) , which set the record for the highest daily rainfall total there in July . A secondary rainfall maxima of 19 . 4 in ( 490 mm ) was observed in Shreveport , of which 12 . 4 in ( 310 mm ) of rain fell in 24 hours this was the highest daily total on record for the site , and remains the highest as of 2008 . Alexandria also broke its 24 hour rainfall record in July with a total of 9 . 75 in ( 248 mm ) on July 25 . Heavy rains spread into southern Arkansas and northwestern Mississippi . High rains in eastern Texas , totaling over 10 in ( 250 mm ) , flooded roads in Shelby and Panola counties damage in the two counties collectively totaled 1 . 5 million . Storm related flooding washed out a bridge in Henderson and portions of the Santa Fe Railway line between Carthage and Longview . Five people required rescue after being trapped in a fast moving river . The rains in the region were considered the heaviest in 17 years , and leaving severe damage to corn , cotton , and watermelon crops . Similarly , the floods damaged cotton and other crops in northern Louisiana , totaling several million dollars in losses . The rains caused many streams to exceed their banks , including one creek near Converse that flooded roads and railways . The floods forced families to evacuate in low lying areas of northern Louisiana . The rainfall in Shreveport caused the worst floods related to a tropical cyclone on record . While the storm was dropping heavy rainfall , it produced thunderstorms and gusty winds along the Texas and Louisiana coastlines . A severe thunderstorm related to the storm damaged roofs and windows in Alexandria , Louisiana .
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3,231 | Michael Matusow ( born April 30 , 1968 in Los Angeles , California ) is an American professional poker player , residing in Henderson , Nevada . Matusow 's nickname of The Mouth reflects his reputation for trash talking at the poker table . He is also known for sometimes ruining hours or days of good play with a single misjudgment , ( known as a Mike Matusow Blow up or Mike Matusow Meltdown ) . Matusow began playing poker seriously in the early 1990s , first while working as a poker dealer , then as a professional player . His successes include being a four time World Series of Poker bracelet winner , and the winner of the 2005 World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions . Early years Matusow 's first experience of poker was playing video poker in the Maxim Casino at the age of 18 , which he played regularly , to the extent that he suffered from repetitive strain injury in his shoulders and arms . He occasionally stole money from his mother 's purse and at one point attended Gamblers Anonymous meetings . Matusow was taught Texas hold ' em in 1989 by a rounder named Steve unk . World Series of Poker At the 1998 World Series of Poker ( WSOP ) , Matusow paid part of Scotty Nguyen 's entrance fee into a satellite event for the 10 , 000 no limit Texas hold ' em main event . Nguyen went on to win , and gave 333 , 333 to Matusow in return for his partial stake . In 1999 , Matusow won his first WSOP bracelet , winning the 3 , 500 No Limit Hold 'em event defeating Alex Brenes heads up to win the title . In 2001 , he finished 6th place in the WSOP 10 , 000 no limit Hold ' em main event . Matusow says that the decisive hand was when he was bluffed by eventual champion Juan Carlos Mortensen , but did not trust his instincts to call . At the 2002 WSOP , Matusow won his second bracelet by winning the 5 , 000 Omaha Hi Low Split 8 or Better event . He defeated his friend and fellow professional poker player Daniel Negreanu to win the tournament . In the 2005 WSOP , Matusow finished 9th out of 5 , 619 players in the main event , winning 1 , 000 , 000 . Several months later , he won the WSOP Tournament of Champions in a heads up battle against Hoyt unk , earning another 1 , 000 , 000 in the process , making him the first player to win two million dollar prizes in the same year . He also placed third in the Tournament of Champions the following year , winning 250 , 000 . At the 2008 WSOP , Matusow won a third bracelet in the 5000 No Limit 2 7 Draw with unk event defeating Jeff Lisandro heads up for the 537 , 862 first prize . Later in the same year he finished 30th out of 6 , 844 players in the Main Event , making yet another deep run in the Main Event . Matusow won his fourth bracelet in 2013 in the 5 , 000 Seven Card Stud Hi Lo Split 8 or Better tournament , defeating Matthew Ashton heads up and earning 266 , 503 . World Series of Poker bracelets Other poker events In October 2004 , Matusow made his first World Poker Tour ( WPT ) final table at the UltimateBet Aruba Classic , earning 250 , 000 for 3rd place . In 2006 , he finished runner up to Tony G in the WPT Bad Boys of Poker II in heads up play . Matusow also appeared in Poker Superstars III , where he made it to the Elite Eight . In the winner take all championship match , Matusow beat seven other players to win 500 , 000 . He also appeared in the second , third , fourth and sixth season of High Stakes Poker . In September 2006 , Mike made his debut on the European Poker Tour ( EPT ) in Barcelona however , he was eliminated on the first day . In early 2007 , Matusow appeared on two episodes of Poker After Dark where he finished 3rd and 2nd respectively . He plays online poker under the following aliases dill pickle ( UltimateBet ) unk ( PokerStars ) and Mike Matusow ( Full Tilt Poker , where he was formerly a member of Team Full Tilt ) . In July 2007 , Matusow won 671 , 320 after coming in second place at the World Poker Tour Bellagio Cup III Championship after online pro Kevin Saul defeated him during heads up play . On November 11 , 2008 at the World Poker Tour Foxwoods World Poker Finals , Matusow made another WPT final table , He was eliminated after his A J didn 't improve against Jonathan Little 's hand of 9 9 , he finished in 6th place , earning 124 , 048 . As of August 2014 , his total live tournament winnings exceed 9 , 000 , 000 . 3 , 580 , 911 of his winnings have come at the WSOP . In 2013 , Matusow won the NBC National Heads Up Championship , defeating Phil Hellmuth 2 1 in the final . Personal life Matusow has had several personal problems . He has battled drug issues , including a six month stint in jail in 2004 and 2005 after being caught providing ecstasy and prescription painkillers to an undercover police officer who pretended to befriend Matusow and gained his trust . After several months of an official Las Vegas Metro Police Sting Operation , Matusow was arrested and charged with six category A Felonies , all drug related . A plea deal was later reached where Matusow was incarcerated in the Clark County Detention Center for six months . Matusow resides in Henderson . He often wears a gold chain with the Hebrew symbol ' chai ' around his neck . Additionally , Matusow hosted Card Player 's poker radio show podcast , the Circuit , before being replaced by Gavin Smith and Joe unk . He was also the host of Card Player 's now defunct online video segment , The Mouthpiece . In one particular episode , Mike discussed the controversial unk superuser cheating scandal , as well as seeking legal action as a victim of the scandal against the main perpetrator , former World Series of Poker Champion Russ Hamilton . Matusow wrote an autobiography entitled Check Raising the Devil that was released May 12 , 2009 .
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3,232 | Mary unk Amdur ( February 18 , 1921 February 16 , 1998 ) was an American toxicologist and public health researcher who worked primarily on pollution . She was charged with studying the effects of the 1948 Donora smog , so she specifically looked into the effects of inhaling Sulfuric acid by experimenting on guinea pigs . Her findings on the respiratory effects related to sulfuric acid led to her being threatened , to her funding being pulled , and to her losing her job at the Harvard School of Public Health in 1953 . Undeterred by the setback , she carried on her research in a different role at Harvard , and subsequently at MIT and New York University . Despite the early controversy related to her work , it was used in the creation of standards in air pollution , and towards the end of her life she received numerous awards and accolades . Early life Mary Amdur was born in 1921 in Donora , Pennsylvania . She received a bachelor 's degree in chemistry in 1943 from the University of Pittsburgh , moving to Cornell University to study biochemistry at the postgraduate level . She received her PhD in biochemistry in 1946 , writing her thesis on the Role of Manganese and unk in Bone Formation in the Rat . After achieving her PhD , she worked at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary before joining Philip Drinker 's team at Harvard School of Public Health in 1949 . By 1953 she had married another scientist in the field , Benjamin Amdur , with whom she had a son , David . Research The American Smelting and Refining Company ( ASARCO ) funded Drinker to investigate the 1948 Donora smog , as the company had an interest in showing that its primary pollutants ( sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide ) had not significantly contributed to the damage it caused . In the middle of 1953 , Amdur and her husband developed a method of spraying a combination mist of sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide into humid chambers containing guinea pigs to investigate the damage that it would cause to their lungs . Guinea pigs were used as they breathe more deeply through their mouths than smaller rodents which breathe through their noses . The unk bought their own guinea pigs for the mini project , and spent a holiday weekend doing the investigation . Amdur presented the results of the experiment , that inhaling the combination mist led to dramatic effects on breathing , loss of weight and lung disease , to the American Association for the Advancement of Science at their annual meeting in December 1953 . She then wrote a damning paper on the effects of lower levels of sulfuric acid on humans , levels similar to those of the 1948 smog . The paper , and her attempt to present the associated findings to the American Industrial Hygiene Association , caused her many difficulties . Amdur was accosted and threatened by two thugs in an elevator at the association 's 1954 annual meeting . She presented the findings regardless . As Drinker received funding from ASARCO , the company 's management assumed that they would hold sway over what was published . When Amdur returned from the meeting , Drinker demanded that Amdur remove her name from the paper and to withdraw it from The Lancet , despite the fact it had already been accepted . Amdur refused Drinker 's demands , so her position on his staff was removed and she was left to find new work . The paper was never published . She quickly found a new untenured research associate role under James unk , Chair of Physiology at Harvard School of Public Health , working with Dr. Jere Mead . She continued the research on air pollution , which she began under Drinker , until she left the school in 1977 . Partly because of the difficulty in obtaining tenure at Harvard , both for herself and for her colleague Sheldon Murphy , and partly because she needed to work with engineers to produce suitable combustion products , she moved her research to the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) and accepted a promotion to lecturer , securing funding for 12 years . When she moved , her new focus was the role of metals in the inhalation of sulfuric acid . Dissatisfied with the attention the research received at MIT , she moved to the Institute of Environmental Medicine at New York University in 1989 as a senior research scientist , where she remained until her retirement in 1996 . Awards In 1953 , Amdur was inducted as a member of Delta Omega Honorary Society in Public Health . In 1974 , she received the Donald E. Cummings Memorial Award from the American Industrial Hygiene Association in recognition of her lifetime contributions and application of her knowledge in the field . The American Academy of Industrial Hygiene Council awarded her the Henry F. Smyth Jr . Award in 1984 for identifying and fulfilling research needs within the industrial hygiene profession . In 1986 she received the Inhalation Section of the Career Achievement Award from The Society of Toxicology . She received the Herbert E. unk Award from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in 1989 In 1988 she gained , the Mid Atlantic Section , Society of Toxicology Ambassador Award . Then in 1997 , she was awarded the Merit Award from the same society , in celebration of her achievements throughout her life and her contributions to Toxicology . Death and legacy Amdur died on 16 February 1998 of a heart attack while returning from a holiday in Hawaii . At least three societies wrote obituaries and a toxicology book was dedicated to her memory . A Toxicology Society Award was set up in her name by students and colleagues . The award , the Mary Amdur Student Award is presented for the Inhalation and Respiratory Specialty Section . She is considered the mother of smog research and her work had a major role in the development of air pollution standards .
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3,233 | Tropical Storm Olaf was an erratic and long lived tropical cyclone that brought heavy rainfall to regions of Mexico , which would be devastated by Hurricane Pauline a week later . The sixteenth named storm of the 1997 season , Olaf formed on September 26 off the southern coast of Mexico . It moved northward and quickly intensified , reaching peak winds of 70 mph ( 120 km h ) before weakening and hitting Oaxaca as a tropical depression . In Mexico , El Salvador , and Guatemala , the system brought heavy rainfall , which killed 18 people and caused flooding and damage . It was originally thought that Olaf dissipated over Mexico , although its remnants continued westward for a week . It interacted with Hurricane Pauline , which caused Olaf to turn to the southeast and later to the north to strike Mexico again , finally dissipating on October 12 . Meteorological history The origins of Olaf were from a tropical wave first noted over Central America on September 22 . It moved slowly through the eastern Pacific Ocean , and gradually developed an area of convection . Concurrently , an upper level low pressure area moved from the Gulf of Mexico across Mexico into the Pacific , which produced wind shear across the region wind shear is the difference in wind speed and direction in the atmosphere , and is usually harmful to tropical cyclogenesis . The disturbance associated with the tropical wave persisted and developed outflow . This caused the upper level low to move away from the system . On September 26 , it was sufficiently organized to be classified Tropical Depression Seventeen E , while located about 345 miles ( 560 km ) south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec . A few hours after developing , the depression attained tropical storm status , or winds of at least 40 mph ( 65 km h ) . Upon doing so , the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) gave it the name Olaf . The upper level low , which was moving away from the region , caused the storm to move northward toward the Mexican coast . Olaf quickly intensified , as evidenced by reports from a nearby ship , and the winds reached 70 mph ( 115 km h ) by late on September 27 the NHC anticipated further intensification to hurricane status , or winds of at least 75 mph ( 120 km h ) . Instead , interaction with the rough terrain of Mexico caused weakening . Olaf made landfall on Salina Cruz , Oaxaca early on September 29 as a 35 mph ( 55 km h ) tropical depression . Within a few hours , the circulation was not evident on satellite imagery , and the NHC discontinued advisories . Despite being considered dissipated , a re analysis of satellite imagery indicated the circulation of Olaf persisted as turned to the west toward open waters . Early on September 30 , the system reached the Pacific , and it continued westward for about a week , during which it retained some convective activity . On October 5 , Olaf turned toward the east , as it interacted with the large circulation of developing Hurricane Pauline . Later that day , the NHC resumed issuing advisories , while it was located about 560 miles ( 900 km ) southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula . The system turned to the southeast , and , failing to organize , the NHC discontinued advisories on October 8 . Three days later , after the remnants of Olaf turned toward the north , the NHC again resumed advisories , when it was just 70 miles ( 115 km ) south southwest of Tecomn , Colima . Late on October 12 , the circulation of Olaf made its final landfall near Manzanillo , Colima , and it quickly dissipated . An associated area of thunderstorms moved over open waters again , but failed to redevelop . Impact and preparations Prior to moving ashore , a tropical storm warning was issued from Punta Maldonado , Guerrero to Tapachula , Chiapas and the Port of Chiapas , near the Mexico Guatemala border . When Olaf was strengthening faster than anticipated , the advisory was upgraded to a hurricane warning , although it was downgraded to a tropical storm after the intensification did not occur . Upon making its first landfall , Tropical Depression Olaf produced gusty winds and heavy rains along the southeastern coast of Mexico . The peak 24 hour rainfall total was 6 . 71 inches ( 17 . 1 cm ) in unk de Zaragoza in Oaxaca the highest rainfall total throughout Olaf 's duration was 27 . 73 inches ( 70 . 4 cm ) at a station called unk unk in Oaxaca . Heavy rainfall was also reported in Guatemala and El Salvador . Across the affected region , the heavy rainfall caused flooding , which resulted in 18 deaths . In Mexico , the flooding damaged 50 , 000 acres ( 200 km2 ) of coffee , corn , and other crops in Chiapas , the coffee crop damage represented a severe cut into the yearly total . The precipitation flooded many buildings across the region , including 30 houses in the Chiapas capital of Tuxtla Gutirrez , when a river exceeded its banks . In mountainous regions , mudslides left dozens of small villages isolated from the outside world . Along the coast , high waves of up to 16 feet ( 5 m ) forced the closure of all ports in three Mexican states , which affected thousands of fishermen . Further west , three fishing vessels were reported missing near Acapulco , prompting rescue parties . The storm also forced the closure of several airports . In its final landfall , there was no damage reported precipitation in that region peaked at 2 . 96 inches ( 7 . 5 cm ) in unk , Colima . Following the storm , the Mexican government sent food , water , and housing supplies to affected families in Oaxaca . Less than a week after Olaf moved through southern Mexico , Hurricane Pauline struck the same region with much stronger winds . Pauline caused heavier rainfall and more damage , killing at least 250 people . Some regions received 10 days of heavy rainfall .
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3,234 | Heather Jean Chasen ( born 20 July 1927 ) is a Singapore born English actress . Chasen is known for her roles in soap operas playing Valerie Pollard in the ITV soap opera Crossroads from 1982 86 and guest roles in Doctors , Holby City and Family Affairs . Chasen also played many roles in BBC Radio 2 's The Navy Lark from 1959 77 , and appeared in the television series Marked Personal from 1973 74 . She played Lydia Simmonds in the BBC soap opera EastEnders , a role which received positive reviews from critics , EastEnders cast members and crew . Furthermore , she has appeared extensively in theatre productions and film in 2012 , she appeared in a film version of Les Misrables . Early and personal life Chasen was born on 20 July 1927 , in Singapore . Chasen 's father , F.N. Chasen was an English ornithologist , who fought in World War I under the Norfolk Yeomanry as a trooper . In 1921 , he left England , to work at the Raffles Library and Museum in Singapore , marrying Chasen 's mother , Agnes H unk , in 1926 . After Chasen 's birth , her parents had another daughter , Christine Elizabeth , on 4 May 1931 . Her parents split in 1938 , and both remarried . Before the Japanese occupation , which led to the Battle of Singapore during World War II , Chasen and her mother left Singapore on the last boat before the occupation . Her father , on a separate ship , HMS Giang Bee , perished however , when it was sunk by the Japanese on 12 February 1942 , and Chasen 's new stepfather , unk Franks , too perished fighting , a month later , on the 22 March . Chasen and her mother moved to England and Chasen trained at Royal Academy of Dramatic Art , where she then acted on stage and went on a tour with Frankie Howerd in Hotel Paradiso . She also appeared with Sybil Thorndike in Call Me Jacky , as well as going on tour with Douglas Fairbanks , Jr. in The Pleasure of his Company , in Toronto . Chasen is good friends with , and previously had a relationship with , Amanda Barrie . In 1949 , she married John Webster in Surrey and has one son with him , Rupert , born in Kensington , 1955 . Career Crossroads and EastEnders In 2011 , Chasen was cast as Lydia Simmonds , Janine Butcher ( Charlie Brooks ) ' s maternal grandmother and Norman Simmonds ' ( George Layton ) mother , in the BBC soap opera EastEnders , after the original actress Margaret Tyzack had to pull out of the role due to personal reasons . Two episodes featuring Tyzack had already been broadcast , and she featured in a further one on 14 April . The producers wanted to keep Lydia in the show as they had plans for her , so Chasen was cast and she replaced Tyzack in the role , beginning filming on 15 April for scenes broadcast from 21 April . EastEnders ' executive producer , Bryan Kirkwood , added In order to continue the current storyline we 've taken the decision for Heather Chasen to take over the role of Lydia . The character died on screen and Chasen made her last appearance on 13 June 2011 , and , though not credited for it , did a voice over for the 14 and 28 June episodes . Kirkwood later said Lydia 's storyline was perfect and that Chasen had made the part her own after Tyzack 's departure . Brooks said of the storyline as a whole , I absolutely loved exploring Janine 's background . I was really proud with the scenes with Heather Chasen Lydia . It was really hard work , but worth it . Other work Chasen has appeared in other television programmes such as The Bill and The Harry Hill Show . She has had guest roles in Z Cars and Dixon of Dock Green and has voiced a number of characters in the radio show The Navy Lark , most notably WREN Heather Chasen and battle axe Ramona Povey . In soaps , she has had four separate stints in the BBC soap opera Doctors , with her most recent stint in 2014 , reprising her role as Grace unk from 2012 , played Sylvie Leigh in Holby City and played Madge Bennet in the Channel 5 soap opera , Family Affairs , for five episodes . More earlier credits include , playing rich bitches Caroline Kerr , in The Newcomers and Isabel Neal in Marked Personal , alongside Stephanie Beacham . She also played the evil headmistress in Schoolgirls in Uniform at the Battersea Arts Centre . In stage and theatre , Chasen appeared in The Rat Trap . Michael Billington from The Guardian described Chasen 's character , Burrage the maid , as trundling , rating the play three stars . Other than this , she has appeared in Pardon Ma Prime Minister alongside Gerald Flood and Paul Curran , written by Edward Taylor and John Graham who created the BBC radio series The Men from the Ministry . The Birmingham Mail described the play as hilarious and promising . One of Chasen 's more recent plays was My Three Angels in which she played Madame Parole , other plays include , The Man Who Came to Dinner , Who Bombed Birmingham playing Margaret Thatcher , and The Lizard of Rock , in which she played the main role , appearing alongside actor Jack Hawkins . Chasen opined that she had a lovely time playing Miss Marple in A Murder is Announced alongside Richard Todd and Barbara Murray . In 2009 , Chasen appeared in the award winning Anglo Russian feature film Season of Mists , playing Jane . Chasen appeared alongside Marina Blake , Sergei unk , Ifan Huw Dafydd and ex EastEnders actor Dudley Sutton . Other films Chasen has appeared in include , The Kiss of Tosca in 2000 , The unk in 2003 and Cat Run , a 2011 film . Awards and nominations Chasen was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical , while she appeared in the New York adaptation of A Severed Head between 1963 65 . She appeared the cast of the Seasons of Mists which won a number of awards internationally . Filmography Television Film Radio Stage Theatre
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3,235 | Greenzo is the fifth episode of NBC 's second season of 30 Rock and twenty sixth episode overall . It was written by Jon Pollack and directed by series producer Don Scardino . It aired on November 8 , 2007 in the United States . Guest stars in this episode include Kevin Brown , Grizz Chapman , Al Gore , John Lutz , Madison McKinley Garton , Maulik Pancholy , Paula Pell , Dion Sapp , David Schwimmer and Meredith Vieira . The episode focuses on Jack Donaghy 's ( played by Alec Baldwin ) success , and later disaster , with Greenzo ( David Schwimmer ) , America 's first non judgmental , business friendly environmental advocate . Kenneth Parcell ( Jack McBrayer ) decides to throw a party , but , knowing that nobody will attend , Liz Lemon ( Tina Fey ) and Tracy Jordan ( Tracy Morgan ) plot to make the party a success . Jenna Maroney ( Jane Krakowski ) and Liz suspect that Pete Hornberger ( Scott Adsit ) is having an affair . Plot Don Geiss , the chairman of General Electric ( GE ) , challenges Jack and his rivals to come up with an idea to make money from this environmentalism trend . This leads to him casting an actor called Jared to play Greenzo , NBC 's environmental mascot . Initially , Greenzo is a success , making a well received appearance on The Today Show with Meredith Vieira . Eventually , he becomes more and more self absorbed and starts insulting the TGS staff and criticizing the staff 's environmentally unfriendly habits . This is until he conducts a second interview , when he begins ranting negatively about big companies and their two faced , fat cat executives , referring to GE and Jack . Angered , Jack fires Jared and tries tricking Al Gore into replacing him to no avail . Also , a drunken Greenzo shows up and tries to continue only to mess things up even more . Meanwhile , Kenneth is planning a party . Knowing this , Liz recounts past parties of Kenneth 's to Tracy , telling him that she was the only other person who attended those parties . Feeling pity for Kenneth , Tracy tells the biggest gossips on TGS with Tracy Jordan , Grizz and Dot Com ( Grizz Chapman and Kevin Brown ) , that T.I. will be attending . They persuade other people to attend by telling various other lies . The resulting party is so outrageous that Kenneth decides never to throw a party again . When Liz finds another woman 's lipstick in her apartment , she and Jenna begin to suspect that Pete , who is separated from his wife , is having an affair . Liz later discovers , much to her horror , that Pete is having an affair with his own wife , Paula Hornberger ( Paula Pell ) . Later , Pete asks if he can still stay with Liz because for the first time , they have been able to date . Production Greenzo is the first episode of 30 Rock written by Jon Pollack . Pollack was added to the writing staff of 30 Rock at the beginning of the second season . The episode is the ninth episode of 30 Rock directed by Don Scardino . This episode aired as part of Green Week , an initiative introduced by NBC 's Chief Executive Jeff Zucker which included having every primetime program which aired between November 4 , 2007 and November 10 , 2007 contain some sort of positive environmental theme . This was also the first episode of 30 Rock to air after the start of the 2007 2008 Writers Guild of America strike . The strike began on November 5 , 2007 and ended on February 12 , 2008 . This episode was filmed on September 27 and September 28 , 2007 . Reception Greenzo brought in an average of 6 . 6 million viewers , the highest amount of viewers since the second season premiere , SeinfeldVision . The episode also achieved a 3 . 1 8 in the key 18 to 49 year old demographic , matching the series ' highest rating in that demographic . The 3 . 1 refers to 3 . 1 of all 18 to 49 year olds in the U.S. and the 8 refers to 8 of all 18 to 49 year olds watching television at the time of the broadcast , in the U.S. This episode also ranked in first place in the men 18 34 demographic , against programs airing on other networks in the same timeslot . Matt Webb Mitovich of TV Guide praised David Schwimmer for throwing himself into this role as Jared , this rather unlikable lout . Webb Mitovich also wrote that Kenneth 's party in and of itself has to be one of 30 Rock 's finest and most manic moments . Bob Sassone of AOL 's TV Squad thought that David Schwimmer was good as Greenzo and that the subplots were some of the most bizarre this season . Robert Canning of IGN thought that the cameo from Al Gore at the end of the show added little to the episode . It was a fine bit , but it wasn 't helped by the fact that nearly the entire scene had already aired in the promos leading up to the episode and that seeing Schwimmer desperately take on the role of Greenzo and then get carried away with the whole concept could have been hysterically self referential to his work on the situation comedy Friends . Instead we got Jerrod sic as Greenzo and the whole thing just felt flat and forced . Canning rated the episode 8 out of 10 Pittsburgh Post Gazette 's Rob Owen also felt that Al Gore 's appearance had been already given away in NBC 's promos . He praised the episode 's dialogue , saying that Baldwin 's line , you could put on a silly hat and tell the kids how outsourcing means cheaper toys for Christmas was the sort of dialogue that makes 30 Rock rock . Hard . Jeff Labrecque of Entertainment Weekly wrote that this episode was one of the best of season 2 and that Schwimmer 's performance reminded him of his most bizarre episodes as Friends ' Ross Geller , like ' The One With Ross 's Sandwich ' . The episode of Friends referred to includes Schwimmer 's character , Ross , shouting at his boss for eating his special Thanksgiving leftover sandwich .
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3,236 | The Vettor Pisani class consisted of two armoured cruisers built for the Royal Italian Navy ( Regia Marina ) in the 1890s . The two ships of the class , Vettor Pisani and Carlo Alberto , were frequently deployed overseas during their careers . The former served in the Far East during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 while the latter was involved in pioneering long range radio experiments several years later before deploying to South American waters . Carlo Alberto then served as a training ship for several years . Both ships participated in the Italo Turkish War of 1911 12 and played minor roles in World War I , during which time Carlo Alberto was converted into a troop transport and Vettor Pisani into a repair ship . They were both discarded in 1920 and subsequently scrapped . Design and description The ships of the class had a length between perpendiculars of 99 meters ( 324 ft 10 in ) and an overall length of 105 . 7 meters ( 346 ft 9 in ) . They had a beam of 18 . 04 meters ( 59 ft 2 in ) and a draft of 7 . 2 meters ( 23 ft 7 in ) . They displaced 6 , 397 6 , 614 metric tons ( 6 , 296 6 , 510 long tons ) at normal load , and 7 , 057 7 , 128 metric tons ( 6 , 946 7 , 015 long tons ) at deep load . The Vettor Pisani class had a complement of 28 officers and 472 to 476 enlisted men . The ships were powered by two vertical triple expansion steam engines , each driving one propeller shaft . Steam for the engines was supplied by eight Scotch marine boilers and their exhausts were trunked into a pair of funnels amidships . Designed for a maximum output of 13 , 000 indicated horsepower ( 9 , 700 kW ) and a speed of 19 knots ( 35 km h 22 mph ) , both ships exceeded their designed power during their sea trials although only Carlo Alberto met her designed speed . The two had a cruising radius of about 5 , 400 nautical miles ( 10 , 000 km 6 , 200 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . The main armament of the Vettor Pisani class ships consisted of twelve quick firing ( QF ) Cannone da 152 40 A Modello 1891 guns in single mounts . These 152 mm ( 6 in ) weapons had 40 caliber barrels . All of these guns were mounted on the broadside , eight on the upper deck and four at the corners of the central citadel in armored casemates . The unk guns weighed 6 . 6 metric tons ( 6 . 5 long tons ) and fired a 45 . 4 kilogram ( 100 lb ) , armor piercing , capped shell at a muzzle velocity of 700 m s ( 2 , 297 ft s ) . Single 40 caliber QF Cannone da 120 40 A Modello 1891 guns were mounted at the bow and stern and the remaining two or four 120 mm ( 4 . 7 in ) guns were positioned on the main deck between the 152 mm guns . The 20 . 4 kilogram ( 45 lb ) armor piercing shell had a muzzle velocity of 645 m s ( 2 , 116 ft s ) when fired by these guns . For defense against torpedo boats , the ships carried fourteen QF 57 mm ( 2 . 2 in ) Hotchkiss guns and six or eight QF 37 mm ( 1 . 5 in ) Hotchkiss guns . They were also equipped with four 450 mm ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes . The ships were protected by an armored belt that was 15 cm ( 5 . 9 in ) thick amidships and reduced to 11 cm ( 4 . 3 in ) at the bow and stern . The upper strake of armor was also 15 cm thick and protected just the middle of the ship , up to the height of the upper deck . The curved armored deck was 3 . 7 cm thick . The conning tower armor was also 15 cm thick and each 15 . 2 cm gun was protected by a 5 cm ( 2 . 0 in ) gun shield . Ships Service Vettor Pisani was the flagship of Rear Admiral Candiani , commander of the Cruising Squadron dispatched to China in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion . She arrived at La Spezia in early 1902 , but only remained in Italian waters for a year before returning to the Far East for another year long cruise . Carlo Alberto acted as the royal yacht for King Victor Emmanuel III when he attended the coronation ceremony for King Edward VII of the United Kingdom in 1902 . Victor Emmanuel invited Guglielmo Marconi to accompany him and conduct radio experiments en route . When the coronation was delayed by Edward 's illness , the ship took Victor Emmanuel to meetings with Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in Kronstadt . She then ferried Marconi across the Atlantic to Nova Scotia for experiments transmitting radio messages across the ocean . After 15 December , when Marconi successfully transmitted messages from Canada to England , Carlo Alberto was sent to Venezuelan waters during the Venezuelan crisis of 1902 03 , when an international force of British , German , and Italian warships blockaded Venezuela over the country 's refusal to pay foreign debts . From 1907 to 1910 she served as a gunnery and torpedo training ship . Both ships participated in the Italo Turkish War of 1911 12 . Vettor Pisani supported operations in the Adriatic and Aegean Seas and in the Dardanelles while Carlo Alberto took part in the assaults on Tripoli and Zuara and thereafter provided gunfire support to Italian forces in North Africa . Obsolescent by the beginning of World War I , neither ship was very active during the war . Vettor Pisani spent the war in the Adriatic and participated in an abortive attempt in mid 1915 to bombard a rail line near Ragusa Vecchia on the Dalmatian coast . An Austro Hungarian submarine , U 4 , intercepted the Italian ships and sank the armored cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi . Vettor Pisani subsequently became a repair ship in 1916 and was stricken from the Navy List on 2 January 1920 . She was sold for scrap and broken up beginning on 13 March . Carlo Alberto spent the almost the entire war based in Venice . She began conversion into a troop transport there in 1917 and the work was finished in Taranto early the next year she was recommissioned with the new name of Zenson . The ship was discarded on 12 June 1920 and subsequently scrapped .
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3,237 | Geastrum welwitschii is a species of fungus in the earthstar family . When young and unopened , the fruit bodies resemble small spheres lying in the soil . As the mushroom matures , the thick leathery outer layer of tissue ( the peridium ) splits star like to form a number of fleshy arms , which curve downward to reveal the inner spore sac that contains the fertile tissue known as the gleba . The spore sac has a narrow grooved opening at the top where the spores are released . Fully expanded , the fruit bodies are up to 35 mm ( 1 . 4 in ) wide and 58 mm ( 2 . 3 in ) tall . First collected from Spain in the mid 19th century , the fungus is distributed in Europe , North America , and Bermuda . Taxonomy The fungus was first collected in Spain by the Austrian explorer and botanist Friedrich unk . British mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley obtained the specimens and thought them to be Geastrum fimbriatum . He sent a specimen to the French mycologist Camille Montagne in 1856 , who named it Geaster unk ( Geaster is an orthographical variant of Geastrum ) . Patricio Ponce de Len in his 1968 world monograph of Geastrum , considered the species a fornicate variety of G. unk , and described it as Geastrum unk var. welwitschii this is now a synonym . According to Stanek 's infrageneric ( ranks below the level of genus ) concept of the genus Geastrum , G. welwitschii is classified in the section unk , which includes species in which the outer part of the mycelial layer do not incorporate sand and encrusting debris . It is further classified in the subsection Laevistomata because its peristome ( an opening at the top of the spore sac ) is even to fibrillose ( with fibrils ) . Description The mature fruit body of G. welwitschii is small to medium sized , with a fornicate spore sac , meaning that the spore sac is raised into the air as the rays press down . Unlike some other earthstar fungi , the mycelial layer does not encrust debris as the fruit body develops . The peristome is even , and has an indistinct boundary . The young fruit bodies just prior to opening are found near the surface of the ground , and are rounded , with or without an umbo , and attached to the substrate with a basal mycelial tuft or cord . The expanded fruit body is small to medium sized . The fornicate exoperidium ( outer peridium ) has the upper , arched part ( fibrous and pseudoparenchymatous layers ) split to about the half way point or more into 4 7 rays . The mycelial cup is free ( only attached at its base ) , with 4 7 more or less well developed lobes corresponding to the 4 7 rays . The width of the fruit body is about 20 35 mm ( 0 . 8 1 . 4 in ) , and in height about 40 58 mm ( 1 . 6 2 . 3 in ) ( including the 15 20 mm high mycelial cup ) . The diameter of the exoperidium is about 39 72 mm ( 1 . 5 2 . 8 in ) . The pseudoparenchymatous layer ( a layer of thin walled , usually angular , randomly arranged cells that are tightly packed ) is initially beige , later brownish , in age dark brown , cracked and if moist reddish brown . The fibrous layer is beige colored , with its outer side free from the mycelial layer except at the tips of the rays . The mycelial layer has a beige brown to somewhat yellowish brown , felted to tufted outer surface , darkening to reddish brown if moist . It is not encrusted with debris , but some debris and sand may adhere . The inner side is smooth , dull to somewhat glossy , and hazelnut brown . The spore sac is stalked , and roughly spherical , with a diameter of about 8 20 mm ( 0 . 31 0 . 79 in ) . The stalk is short but distinct , up to 1 . 5 mm ( 0 . 059 in ) high , light beige in color , and sometimes indistinctly developed . The endoperidium ( inner peridium ) is more or less smooth to the unaided eye , but densely protruding light to grayish brown hyphal tips are present . The peristome is indistinctly delimited ( without distinct boundaries ) , and the mouth area fibrillose . The columella is not well developed , and broadly club shaped to columnar in cross section it is whitish to pale beige . The mature gleba is brown and powdery . The spores of Geastrum welwitschii are roughly spherical , sometimes contain an oil droplet , and measure 4 . 5 5 . 5 m in diameter . Scanning electron microscopy has revealed that the spore surface is covered with column like processes , up to 0 . 45 m high , that may be more or less confluent . Similar species Geastrum welwitschii is morphologically similar to G. fornicatum in having fornicate , mostly 3 6 rays , of unk and a cup shaped mycelial layer . Geastrum welwitschii is distinguished from G. fornicatum by its epigeal mycelial cup with a felted or tufted outer surface . Geastrum welwitschii also has similar morphological characters to G. minimum in having small fruit bodies , whitish spore sacs , and fibrillose unk . However G. welwitschii is differentiated from G. minimum by its fornicate , mostly 3 6 , rays of the unk , and the mycelial layer that easily loosens from the fibrous layer to form a mycelial cup . G. welwitschii is distinguished from G. unk by its dark and sessile endoperidium , and smaller spores ( 2 . 8 3 . 5 m ) . According to mycologists unk and Desjardin , the most common earthstar in the coastal Casuarina forests of Hawaii is a species closely allied with G. welwitschii , which they name Geastrum aff. welwitschii . It differs from the main species in its much coarser pyramidal warts on the exoperidial surface , a sessile and sac shaped endoperidial body , and smaller spores . They likened the roughened outer surface of the exoperidium to lychee fruit . Habitat and distribution The fungus is saprobic , and grows on the ground , in leaf litter , or on decomposing wood . It has been collected in Spain , South Carolina , Florida , and Bermuda .
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3,238 | Kent vs Lancashire at Canterbury is an oil on canvas painting by Albert Chevallier Tayler completed in 1907 . It was commissioned by the Kent County Cricket Club at the suggestion of chairman Lord Harris to celebrate their first County Championship title win . Tayler painted the picture after taking individual sittings with each of the Kent players . With the exception of short term loans , the painting remained at the St Lawrence Ground until 1999 , at which time it was moved to the Lord 's Pavilion as the Kent Club could no longer afford the insurance . In 2006 , Kent sold the painting to a charity foundation at an auction . The piece is currently on display at Lord 's Cricket Ground in London . Commissioning Kent County Cricket Club won the 1906 County Championship , gaining 78 of the points available in their completed matches , above the 70 achieved by second place Yorkshire County Cricket Club . This was Kent 's first victory since the County Championship had been instituted in 1890 . At a celebratory dinner in London , the Kent chairman , George Harris , 4th Baron Harris , suggested that the club commission a painting to celebrate the championship victory . Kent selected Albert Chevallier Tayler as the artist he had earlier painted Lord Harris batting for Kent in 1905 . Tayler was paid 200 guineas by Kent for the painting , with an additional royalty for reproductions that could bring the total as high as 350 guineas . Composition Lord Harris expressed his view that the painting should show an action shot of a match at the St Lawrence Ground , Canterbury , and suggested that the bowler in the painting should be Kent 's Colin Blythe . Kent had only played three matches at Canterbury during the 1906 season of those it was decided that the subject of the painting would be Kent 's match against Lancashire County Cricket Club . That match was part of the Canterbury Cricket Week , and Blythe had taken eight wickets , making it the most appropriate of the three fixtures to depict . Tayler decided that he would show the second day of the match , at an hour prior to lunchtime . The painting shows the view from the boundary of the unk Road end of the St. Lawrence Ground with Canterbury Cathedral visible in the background . The painting has Blythe in the action of bowling from the Pavilion End to Johnny Tyldesley . Tayler compressed the view of the playing area so that he could feature all of Kent 's eleven players while keeping them recognisable and reasonably sized . To ensure accuracy , Tayler arranged sittings with each member of the Kent team and made an effort to paint each one true to life . He initially planned to include non striking Lancashire batsman Harry Makepeace , but when Makepeace was unable to attend a sitting , Tayler used another Lancashire player , William Findlay , as the batsman . Findlay had not actually played in that particular match , but he was available to visit Tayler 's London studio as he had been newly appointed secretary of the Surrey County Cricket Club after his retirement from active cricket competition at the end of 1906 . Reception and display history Tayler completed the painting in 1907 . By this time , 192 advance engravings of the painting had been ordered , ensuring that Tayler would be well compensated for the work . When the painting was unveiled , it was praised for its accuracy , use of lighting , and shade . In 1908 , a limited print signed by Tayler and Lord Harris was created further prints were made by Kent in 1990 and 2000 , and each was signed by current players of their respective times , including Colin Cowdrey , E.W. Swanton , Les Ames and Matthew Fleming . As a result of its popularity , the painting was lent out for display at Rectory Field , Blackheath and Lord 's Cricket Ground . The painting is viewed by cricket fans and historians as a notable illustration of the Golden Age of cricket in the Victorian and Edwardian periods before the First World War . Cricket historian E. W. Swanton praised the painting , singling it out as one of the finest ever portrayals of distinguished identifiable cricketers in action . The painting was predominantly displayed in the pavilion of the St. Lawrence Ground . However , in 1999 it was lent to Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) after Kent were unable to continue to afford its insurance . The MCC hung the painting in the Lord 's Pavilion while Kent retained one of the prints for display in the St. Lawrence Ground pavilion in place of the original . In 2005 , with Kent finding itself in debt , the club announced their intention to sell the painting . When questioned by Kent members about the proposed sale , Kent chairman Carl Openshaw said that it was being done because he felt the painting no longer particularly benefited the cricket club as many of Kent 's members already owned reproductions of the painting . Openshaw also stated that the painting would not be sold if it did not achieve an appropriate sum . The painting was auctioned at Sotheby 's in 2006 . With a guide price of 300 , 000 to 500 , 000 , the painting was sold for 680 , 000 . This was a record price for a cricket painting . It was bought by the Andrew unk Art Foundation run by Bath Rugby chairman Andrew unk the foundation is known for keeping important British paintings in the public eye in Britain . The painting 's new owner lent it to the MCC so it could be kept on display at Lord 's in keeping with Openshaw 's preference that the painting remain at Lord 's . The sale of the painting contributed to a 293 , 000 profit for Kent in their 2006 financial year . On display in the Long Room in the Lord 's Pavilion , the painting has been used as the background for a number of publicity photographs for the England cricket team , including the unveiling of new England captains .
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3,239 | Johnny 's Theme is an instrumental jazz song played as the opening theme of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson from the show 's inception in 1962 through its finale in 1992 . The piece was composed by Paul Anka and Johnny Carson , based on a previous composition by Anka . It was performed by The Tonight Show Band , which released an arrangement by Tommy Newsom in 1986 as part of its Grammy Award winning eponymous debut album . The single release also garnered a Grammy nomination . Johnny 's Theme has since been released in cover versions and on compilation albums . It has appeared in several films , and been played live in concert by school bands and by amateur and professional musicians , including Doc Severinsen 's Big Band . Development and evolution 1959 Two songs Johnny 's Theme began life as Toot Sweet , a pop instrumental composed in 1959 by Paul Anka and recorded by Tutti 's Trumpets . It was released on Disney 's Buena Vista label as the B side to The Camarata Strings ' single Lost In a Fog . Tutti Camarata , who was Annette Funicello 's producer at the time , asked Anka to write some songs for Funicello 's first album to follow her work on The Mickey Mouse Club . Anka added lyrics to Toot Sweet and published them under the title It 's Really Love , and the song was released as part of Annette Sings Anka . He recorded his own version of It 's Really Love that same year for the French film unk Femmes it was released on seven inch EPs in France , Italy and Spain . 1962 Johnny Carson When Johnny Carson , a fan of jazz music , was preparing to take over as the permanent host of The Tonight Show starting in October 1962 , he recognized that he would need a theme song . Carson and Anka had worked together in England on the television special An Evening with Paul Anka in 1961 when they happened to meet up again in New York City the following year , Carson manager Al Bruno mentioned needing a theme . Anka created a new instrumental arrangement for It 's Really Love and sent a demo to Carson and Ed McMahon , who were in Fort Lauderdale , Florida , making preparations for the show . McMahon said it was the first time either one of us heard the song and magic . 1962 92 The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson Shortly after sending the demo , Anka received a telephone call and was told that Tonight Show bandleader unk Henderson was angry because Carson wanted to use a theme song written by a 20 year old kid . Anka said he then offered to let Carson write and publish new lyrics in order to claim a songwriter 's credit , along with half of the royalties every time the song was played . Those lyrics were never used on the show . Anka estimated that Johnny 's Theme was played live on Carson 's Tonight Show more than 1 , 400 , 000 times over the course of 30 years . As its original composer , Anka also was paid each time the song was broadcast , earning each man an average of about US 200 , 000 per year . The song was retired along with Carson in 1992 his iteration of The Tonight Show was called the last widely public big band forum . Incoming bandleader Branford Marsalis composed a more funky theme for successor Jay Leno because a swing tune doesn 't reflect Jay at all and jazz doesn 't come to mind either . Releases Henry Mancini and his orchestra recorded a 2 44 arrangement of Johnny 's Theme in 1972 for the German EP Theme from Nicholas and Alexandra . A version also appeared as part of Mancini 's 2010 compilation Big Screen , Little Screen . Paul Anka produced a recording by Top Brass for Buddah Records in 1973 . Lawrence Welk and his orchestra performed the song for their 1976 album Nadia 's Theme . Doc Severinsen and the band recorded Johnny 's Theme and 12 other tracks for their album The Tonight Show Band , released in 1986 . Amherst Records also released the track as a single , titled Johnny 's Theme ( The Tonight Show Theme ) , which debuted at 27 on the Radio Records Jazz Top 30 chart . The song has been released on compilations of television themes , the 1995 compilation 25 Years of Chrysalis Music , and The Very Best of Doc Severinsen ( 1998 ) . Reception Johnny 's Theme earned a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Instrumental Performance , losing to Top Gun Anthem at the awards presentation in 1987 . The Tonight Show Band was honored for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance , Big Band . Legacy In 2005 , Doc Severinsen , Carson 's bandleader starting in 1967 , said the song worked so well because it was accessible . People could understand what it was , and it was associated with Johnny . Larry King called it one of the most familiar themes in American television history . Paul Anka said the song was played for only a short time each night , but everybody knows it . Simplicity is indeed royal . The Washington Post in 2008 said the days of the television theme song were fading into nostalgia , though they used to abound , with or without lyrics . For example , Anka 's Tonight Show theme was inseparable from late night and Johnny Carson . Johnny 's Theme has been included in numerous films , including This Is My Life , Isn 't She Great and Talk to Me . The song has been performed live by musicians at varying skill levels , from student to professional . Iowa State Cyclones men 's basketball coach Johnny Orr came onto the court pumping his fist as the pep band played Johnny 's Theme before games at the Hilton Coliseum . Orr 's tenure ran from 1980 to 1994 . Doc Severinsen has kept the song alive on tour . His Big Band opened its shows by playing the theme in its entirety , just to let you know who we are . Severinsen and The Roots played Johnny 's Theme during a 2015 episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon .
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3,240 | Cyclone Arthur ( RSMC Nadi designation 08F , JTWC designation unk ) was the eighth tropical depression and fourth tropical cyclone of the 2006 07 South Pacific cyclone season . Forming as tropical depression on January 25 , Arthur rapidly intensified into a strong Category 2 cyclone on the Australian intensity scale according to the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in Nadi , Fiji . The Joint Typhoon Warning Center assessed the storm to have peaked as a minimal Category 1 cyclone . Shortly after peaking in intensity , the cyclone began to deteriorate due to unfavorable conditions . Quickly moving towards the east southeast , the Arthur began to undergo an extratropical transition . After turning towards the southeast , the center of circulation was almost fully exposed due to strong wind shear . However , Arthur briefly re strengthened late on January 26 before becoming extratropical the next day . Tropical Cyclone Arthur affected several small islands during its existence . French Polynesia observed the most noteworthy effects from the storm , where several landslides damaged a few homes . Meteorological history On January 21 , 2007 , the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in Nadi , Fiji identified a tropical depression , which was given the number 08F , about 435 km ( 270 mi ) west northwest of unk 'i island in Samoa . The depression slowly traveled towards the east southeast for several days as the overall structure of the storm fluctuated due to diurnal variations and strong wind shear . Around 1700 UTC on January 22 , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the depression . The system developed a large banding feature in the northern portion of the circulation and deep convection formed around the center of circulation . The depression had moved into an area of weak to moderate wind shear with favorable diffulence aloft . Later that day , gale warnings were issued for the northeastern quadrant of the system . Tropical Depression 08F continued to develop as an anticyclone developed above the system , enhancing the environment around it . A mid latitude trough located north of the depression was steering it towards the east . Early on January 24 , the system became better organized and strengthened into a cyclone at 0600 UTC . The storm , which was named Arthur by the RSMC Nadi , began to undergo rapid intensification as the structure improved significantly . Deep convection developed around the center with strong outflow towards the north . Several hours after becoming a cyclone , the JTWC issued their first advisory on Tropical Cyclone unk as it traveled quickly towards the east southeast . The quick movement was due to the influences of subtropical ridge to the north and a trough to the south . Later that day , a banding eye feature began to develop as the storm intensified into a Category 2 cyclone on the Australian intensity scale . At 1800 UTC , the JTWC assessed Arthur to have reached its peak intensity with winds of 120 km h ( 75 mph 1 minute winds ) , the equivalent of a minimal Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale . Early on January 25 , Arthur reached its peak intensity with winds of 110 km h ( 70 mph 10 minute winds ) with a minimum pressure of 975 hPa ( mbar ) while located about 635 km ( 350 mi ) north northwest of Rarotonga . Shortly after peaking in intensity , Arthur began to undergo an extratropical transition and rapidly deteriorated due to strong wind shear . The storm also began to merge with a low level frontal boundary associated with the remnants of Tropical Cyclone Zita . The strong shear left the center of circulation partially exposed , with deep convection persisting in only the southeastern quadrant . In addition to the shear , dry air began to enter the system , causing it to weaken further . While continuing to move at a quick pace , the storm began to turn towards the southeast along a baroclinic zone . Early on January 26 , the JTWC issued their final advisory on the cyclone as it lost most of its tropical characteristics . Arthur re intensified shortly after and the JTWC reissued advisories on the storm around 2100 UTC . The brief re strengthening was the result of a breakdown in the baroclinic zone which allowed convection to redevelop around the center . Around the same time , Arthur left RSMC Nadi 's area of responsibility ( unk ) and entered the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Wellington 's unk . The storm completed its extratropical transition around 1200 UTC on January 27 , leading to the final advisory being issued on the storm . Preparations and impact On January 21 , a gale watch was issued for Tutuila , American Samoa , Manu 'a , and Swains Island as Tropical Depression 08F approached the islands . Winds of up to 55 km h ( 35 mph ) , with gusts up to 75 km h ( 45 mph ) , were expected . Small craft advisories were issued for the Cook Islands due to large swells produced by the storm . All of the watches were cancelled late on January 23 as the depression was no longer forecast to impact the islands . On January 24 , an Orange Alert was issued for the Austral Islands . As the storm neared the region , the alert was upgraded to a Red Alert for Rurutu and Tubuai . Arthur produced minor damages in the Cook Islands primarily consisting of beach erosion on January 24 . Heavy rains throughout French Polynesia resulted in several landslides which damaged several homes on Tahiti and Moorea . Waves near the islands ranged from 1 . 5 to 2 m ( 4 . 9 to 6 . 5 ft ) . Winds in Tubuai reached 85 km h ( 50 mph 10 minute winds ) with gusts up to 115 km h ( 71 mph ) . Several homes were damaged and roads were blocked by fallen trees throughout the island . Minor coastal flooding also occurred due to the large swells .
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3,241 | Atic Atac is an arcade adventure video game developed and published by Ultimate Play The Game , released for the ZX Spectrum and the BBC Micro in 1983 . The game takes place within a castle in which the player must seek out the Golden Key of ACG through unlocking doors and avoiding enemies . It was Ultimate 's second game to require 48K of RAM most of their previous games for the Spectrum ran on unexpanded 16K models . The game was written by Tim Stamper and graphics were designed by Chris Stamper . Atic Atac received praise from critics upon release , mostly for its graphics and isometric gameplay . It was later included in Rare 's 2015 Xbox One retrospective compilation , Rare Replay . The game served as inspiration for the critically acclaimed adventure game show Knightmare . Gameplay The game is presented in a top down perspective and is set inside a labyrinth of a complex castle . The player has been trapped inside and needs to collect three pieces of the Golden Key of ACG in order to escape . They can choose from three different characters a Wizard , Knight or Serf . Each character has access to a secret passage unique to them , meaning that navigating the castle is different for each one . There are a number of items scattered around the castle , of which the player may carry up to three at a time . Some of these are always in the same place at the start of the game , whereas others are distributed randomly . Items include differently coloured keys which will unlock their respective doors , the three pieces of the ACG key , and other items that affect certain enemies or are mere red herrings . Common enemies appear in each room upon entering and will attack the player on sight . Collision with these enemies destroys them but drains a portion of the player 's health . There are also stationary poisonous fungi which will drain health constantly if the player is in contact with them , and enemies that require special items in order to either distract , repel or kill them , otherwise they remain invulnerable to conventional attacks . Bosses guard pieces of the ACG key , and contact with them will rapidly drain away the player 's health . The player has a number of lives upon starting the game , and should they die a gravestone will appear at their location and stay in place as long as the player has lives left . Health can be replenished by collecting food scattered throughout the castle , however it will constantly drop the more the player moves , thus the player may eventually die from starvation if they have not escaped the castle in time . Development Ashby Computers and Graphics was founded by brothers Tim and Chris Stamper , along with Tim 's wife , Carol , from their headquarters in Ashby de la Zouch in 1982 . Under the trading name of Ultimate Play The Game , they began producing multiple video games for the ZX Spectrum throughout the early 1980s . Prior to founding Ultimate , the Stamper brothers had backgrounds in designing arcade machines , but no marketing experience in the video game sector . The operations of Ultimate were secretive and the Stamper brothers rarely gave interviews . Computer and Video Games noted that during development of Atic Atac , staff would work in separate teams to ensure quality control one team would work on graphics whilst the other would oversee gameplay or sound . The Stamper brothers worked seven days a week with little sleep in order to devote more time into developing video games , and would frequently re use the same mechanics of their earlier games into newer ZX Spectrum games . Reception and legacy The game received a positive critical reception upon release . Micro Adventurer mainly praised Ultimate 's capabilities of developing high quality games , saying that Atic Atac was bound to fix their name firmly into the minds of adventurers , further recommending the game without reservation . Crash enjoyed the game 's colourful graphics , heralding the detail and objects of the game to be marvellous . However , they criticised the difficult joystick control and vague instructions , adding that the entire game is a learning experience . Computer and Video Games stated that the game was the best yet from Ultimate , and later in 1984 described it as the favourite arcade adventure amongst computer unk . Personal Computer Games wrote that it was another blockbuster game , while Sinclair User praised both the depth of plot and the advanced graphics , citing them both as superb . In 1991 , Atic Atac was ranked as the 79th best ZX Spectrum game of all time by Your Sinclair , and was voted the 8th best game of all time by the readers of Retro Gamer Magazine for an article that was scheduled to be in a special Your Sinclair Tribute issue . In 2007 , Eurogamer described it as a prime example of what passion can do when properly digitised . The game was Ultimate 's third consecutive number one in the UK Spectrum sales chart , following the first two Jetman games . In 2015 , the game was included in Rare Replay , a collection of 30 Rare designed games released for the Xbox One gaming console . The game was a major inspiration for the critically acclaimed CITV game show Knightmare , with producer Tim Child realising that if a ZX Spectrum could run a compelling adventure game , then a television programme with pre rendered graphics could revolutionise the genre . Sabre Wulf , which was released for the ZX Spectrum by Ultimate Play The Game later in 1984 , was often criticised for having similar gameplay to Atic Atac , including its similar themes of a continuous maze . In a retrospective interview with Retro Gamer , Rare designer Greg Mayles asserted that their 2003 game Grabbed by the Ghoulies was not inspired by Atic Atac , despite their similar themes of a haunted mansion .
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3,242 | She 's like a Star is a song written , produced and performed by British singer and songwriter Taio Cruz . It was released on 18 August 2008 as the fifth single from his debut studio album Departure ( 2008 ) . An R B ballad , the lyrics of She 's like a Star are about the theme of parenthood , an idea which inspired Cruz to compose the song . The song was remixed to feature vocals from English girl group Sugababes and American rapper Busta Rhymes . It received generally mixed reviews from critics , who were ambivalent towards the composition . Upon release , it peaked at number twenty on the UK Singles Chart . The song 's music video features Hollyoaks actress Roxanne McKee as Cruz 's love interest . Cruz performed the song with the Sugababes at the 2008 MOBO Awards ceremony , and at Radio 1 's Big Weekend 2011 . Background and composition She 's Like a Star was written and produced by Taio Cruz for his debut studio album Departure ( 2008 ) . He composed the song in the middle of 2007 , towards the completion of the album 's recording , and was inspired to write it based on the idea of parenthood . During an interview with Sugar , Cruz explained that the song has a double meaning behind it It 's about my girlfriend but it 's also about how you would feel if you had a child and how strongly you would feel if you had a daughter and how overwhelming the love would be and they would kind of be like a star , you know like she s my everything , she s an angel . She 's like a Star is an R B ballad , and according to the digital sheet music published by Hal Leonard Publishing , was composed in the key of C major at a tempo of 100 beats per minute . It contains synthesizers and uses a sample of a child 's voice in the vocal Like a star , which is repeated several times throughout the song . According to Jon O 'Brien of AllMusic , the song is reminiscent of American rapper Kanye West 's older material . British soul singer Corinne Bailey Rae claimed that Cruz sampled her voice with her song Like a Star . Cruz denied the accusation and stated that a musicologist was able to prove that he did not sample Rae 's voice . Release and reception She 's like a Star is the fifth single from Departure , and was released in the United Kingdom on 18 August 2008 . There are several remixes of the song , including one by Cahill which is more uptempo than the original version . A remix that features vocals from English girl group Sugababes and American rapper Busta Rhymes was also released . According to the Daily Mirror , the collaboration came about when they ran into each other at the Hot 97 studios in New York City . The remix appears on the Sugababes ' sixth studio album Catfights and Spotlights ( 2008 ) . Critical response Alex Fletcher of Digital Spy rated the song three out of five stars and stated that it is undoubtedly one of the album 's low points . Additionally , he criticised the song 's lack of bravado and unk in comparison to Cruz 's previous singles I Can Be and Come On Girl . Andy Welch of the Halesowen News described it as a fine example of a Brit doing R B as well as the Americans , but was unimpressed with the child 's voice sample . Hazel Robinson from the BBC Chart Blog gave the song a full five star rating , and wrote that its composition and musical arrangement produced a song that sounds natural and pretty extraordinary . The reviewer admitted that while She 's like a Star was not the best track from Departure , it sounds infinitely cooler than the album 's previous single I Can Be . Daily Record 's Rick Fulton praised She 's like a Star as one of the best R B sounds to come out of the UK . She 's like a Star earned Cruz a MOBO Award nomination for Best UK Male . Chart performance The song debuted at number 44 on the UK Singles Chart in the issue dated 16 August 2008 . It peaked at number 20 three weeks later , and spent a total of 15 weeks on the chart . She 's like a Star became Cruz 's fifth consecutive top thirty hit in the United Kingdom , and unk the album 's first two singles I Just Wanna Know and Moving On . Promotion Music video The music video for She 's like a Star was filmed in Spain . It features an appearance from the actress Roxanne McKee , known for her role as Louise in the British television soap opera Hollyoaks , in which she plays Cruz 's love interest . Cruz , who is friends with McKee , explained how the collaboration came about , saying Why Roxanne She 's fit and I wanted her in my video I 'm only joking . I 've known Roxanne for some time , although I don 't watch Hollyoaks so I don 't know about the character she plays . We needed an actress who wouldn 't feel awkward doing the mock love scenes so I just rang her and she agreed to do it . It was a case of unk for a few hours in sunny Spain . Most scenes of the video take place in a large house . Throughout the video , the pair are touching and kissing with each other , and McKee is shown in the bathtub . In the concluding scenes , she leaves the house and is depicted as a bright star that travels towards the sky , while Cruz stands in front of the house by the pool . Live performances The singer performed She 's like a Star at the O2 Academy Sheffield , England in August 2008 along with many other tracks from Departure . The Sugababes , along with Cruz , performed the song as part of a medley with their single Girls at the 2008 MOBO Awards ceremony . Cruz performed it on MTV Live Sessions along with many of his previous and follow up singles . He performed She 's like a Star on 15 May 2011 at Radio 1 's Big Weekend , as the fourth song on the set list , which included his hits Break Your Heart , Higher and Dynamite . Track listings and formats Charts
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3,243 | Subway Hero is the twelfth episode of the second season of 30 Rock and thirty third episode of the series . It was written by Jack Burditt , one of the series ' co executive producers , and executive producer Robert Carlock . It was directed by Don Scardino . It aired on April 17 , 2008 on the NBC network in the United States . Guest stars in this episode include Michael Bloomberg , Tim Conway and Dean Winters . The Lord Stanley Cup is also jokingly listed as a guest star . Dennis Duffy 's actions in this episode were modeled after real New York City Subway Hero Wesley Autrey . The episode revolves around Liz 's former boyfriend , Dennis Duffy ( Dean Winters ) , becoming a local celebrity when he saves somebody 's life at a subway station . Jack Donaghy ( Alec Baldwin ) is looking for a celebrity to be the face of the Republican Party and Kenneth Parcell ( Jack McBrayer ) meets one of his idols , Bucky Bright ( Tim Conway ) . Plot When invited to Jack 's office , Liz Lemon ( Tina Fey ) is asked whether or not she would mind having her former boyfriend , Dennis , appear on TGS with Tracy Jordan , a fictional sketch comedy series . Since they last met , Dennis saved somebody 's life at a subway station and has become a local celebrity . Liz and Dennis meet up where she agrees to let him appear on the show . Jenna Maroney ( Jane Krakowski ) is wary and warns Liz not to let herself fall in love with Dennis again . When Liz realizes she does still have feelings for him , an excuse to get rid of him is presented when Dennis ' 15 minutes of fame are up and Liz revokes her invitation . Liz later follows him to 47th 50th Streets Rockefeller Center subway station where he tries to regain his subway hero title by throwing her onto the tracks of an oncoming train . Jack is looking for a famous face to represent the Republican political party . After struggling to find somebody , he selects Tracy Jordan ( Tracy Morgan ) for the position . One of Jack 's failed candidates , Bucky Bright , befriends Kenneth during a tour of 30 Rockefeller Plaza Bucky shares a number of horrifying backstage stories about the early days of television that wind up traumatizing Kenneth . Production Some scenes of Subway Hero were filmed on March 10 , 2008 . This episode was originally expected to air on April 10 , 2008 but was rescheduled to air on April 17 . The episode MILF Island aired on April 10 instead . On the newspaper shown to Liz by Jenna , the front page article states that Kay Cannon wrote the article . Kay Cannon is a writer of various episodes of 30 Rock . Upon working with Mayor Michael Bloomberg , Dean Winters described Bloomberg as fun and that he was cool . And he 's a natural . The scene that takes place at the Rockefeller Center Subway Station was actually filmed on the 42nd Street Shuttle platform at the Grand Central Subway Station , with prop signs reading 47 50 Sts Rockefeller Center placed over the original signage , and a shuttle train relabelled as a D train . Reception Subway Hero brought in an average of 6 . 4 million viewers . This was the highest rated episode since the episode Somebody To Love which aired on November 15 , 2007 . The episode also achieved a 2 . 8 8 in the key 18 to 49 year old demographic . The 2 . 8 refers to 2 . 8 of all 18 to 49 year olds in the U.S. and the 8 refers to 8 of all 18 to 49 year olds watching television at the time of the broadcast , in the U.S. This episode built by 0 . 2 points , in the 18 49 demographic , from the episode of My Name Is Earl , named No Heads And A unk Bag , which aired prior to it . Claire Zulkey of The Los Angeles Times wrote that In some ways the episode almost felt too comfortable , with the familiar story lines and even the obligatory fantasy featuring Baldwin as a former president . The show , thus far post strike , hasn 't seemed like it has distinguished itself too much from Season 1 . But is that really so bad Ann Oldenburg of USA Today said that As always , this episode of 30 Rock was filled with fast one liners . Jeff Labrecque of Entertainment Weekly thought that Even for the always politically astute 30 Rock , last night 's episode was unusually so . Bob Sassone of AOL 's TV Squad said that This episode of 30 Rock had more jokes and one liners the kind where you actually smile and laugh out loud and that There 's no other comedy that 's running on all cylinders like 30 Rock is right now . Matt Webb Mitovich of TV Guide said that the episode was filled not with just great laughs , but also some heart . Damn the roller coaster that is the crazy Dennis and Liz on again off again thing Robert Canning of IGN wrote that this is why 30 Rock is still a show you can 't miss . Even the weaker episodes can be damn funny . Canning rated the episode 7 . 7 out of 10 . The Daily Herald 's Ted Cox wrote that he has to insist that it sure seems to me that not just Fey and Liz , but most of all viewers at home deserve better . Alan Sepinwall of The Star Ledger said that I saw Subway Hero a while back , and as I wrote in my column last week , my reaction to it was roughly the same as it was to MILF Island a number of very funny individual moments , but an episode that was less than the sum of its parts . David Hinckley of The New York Daily News said that there were a lot of former boyfriend gags that are , once again , well formulated in this episode and that They work . Hinckley also wrote that the real reason Subway Hero is must see TV is a guest spot by Tim Conway as an old time television star whose deadpan recollections of the good old days keep getting weirder and funnier . He darn near steals the show . Conway won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for this episode .
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3,244 | New York State Route 33A ( NY 33A ) is an east west state highway mostly located in Monroe County , New York , in the United States . The route is just over 17 miles ( 27 km ) long and serves as an alternate route of NY 33 between the town of Bergen in Genesee County and the city of Rochester in Monroe County . While NY 33 heads to Rochester by way of Churchville and northern Gates , NY 33A dips south to pass through Chili and southern Gates . NY 33A was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , but only from Riga to Rochester . It was extended westward to its current terminus in Bergen c . 1932 . Route description West of Gates NY 33A begins at an intersection with NY 33 just east of the village of Bergen in the town of the same name . From this point , NY 33 travels to the west and to the northeast while NY 33A heads east . Less than a quarter of a mile ( 0 . 4 km ) from its western terminus , NY 33A meets Interstate 490 ( I 490 ) at exit 2 . In this area , I 490 straddles the border between Genesee County and Monroe County thus , the westbound portion of the interchange is in Genesee County while the eastbound half is in Monroe County . Now in the town of Riga , NY 33A becomes Chili Riga Center Road as it traverses a largely rural portion of southwestern Monroe County . In the small hamlet of Riga , the route intersects and briefly overlaps with NY 36 . East of Riga hamlet , NY 33A heads generally northeastward , passing by Black Creek Park as it enters the town of Chili . Just west of the hamlet of West Chili , the route crosses over Black Creek and intersects Chili Avenue Extension . At this junction , NY 33A becomes Chili Avenue , the name it retains into the city of Rochester . Locally , the Chili Avenue name is used more in common parlance than the NY 33A designation . In West Chili , the route meets the southern terminus of NY 259 . The route continues on , heading northeastward into more densely populated areas of the town of Chili . About 1 . 5 miles ( 2 . 4 km ) east of West Chili , NY 33A intersects the western terminus of NY 252 . Not far to the northeast , the highway meets NY 386 , which joins NY 33A for one mile ( 1 . 6 km ) to Chili Center , Chili 's main commercial hub . Here , NY 386 splits off to the north at a junction that also served as the western terminus of NY 252A . Past Chili Center , NY 33A heads northeast through a residential neighborhood and into the town of Gates . Gates and Rochester Just across the town line , NY 33A intersects the east end of the Airport Expressway ( NY 204 ) . At this point , NY 204 leaves the highway and turns to follow NY 33A eastward . While most of NY 33A west of Gates is a two lane highway , the portion of Chili Avenue that carries both NY 33A and NY 204 is a four lane roadway . The two routes soon enter unk , a hamlet that has been transformed into a major commercial destination . The development is mostly centered on Westgate Plaza , a large shopping plaza anchored by a Walmart . As NY 33A passes south of the plaza , it connects to Howard Road ( unsigned NY 940L and formerly part of NY 47 ) and Brooks Avenue . NY 204 leaves NY 33A at Brooks Avenue to follow the road eastward toward the Greater Rochester International Airport . East of Brooks Avenue , NY 33A passes through a small residential area before entering a more industrial neighborhood surrounding the Erie Canal and the Rochester city line . In the western portion of this area , the route meets I 390 at exit 19 and intersects Buell Road ( County Route 162 ) , which directly links NY 33A to the airport a half mile ( 0 . 8 km ) to the south . East of I 390 , NY 33A crosses the Erie Canal and enters the city of Rochester , at which point maintenance of NY 33A shifts from the New York State Department of Transportation ( NYSDOT ) to the city of Rochester . On the northern bank of the waterway , the route passes under the Rochester and Southern Railroad . The surroundings become significantly more residential east of the railroad as the route heads northeastward toward downtown Rochester . However , NY 33A ends roughly one mile ( 1 . 6 km ) west of downtown at a junction with NY 33 ( West Avenue ) . Here , Chili and West Avenues converge and NY 33 continues toward downtown as West Main Street . History In 1908 , the New York State Legislature created Route 16 , an unsigned legislative route extending from the Southern Tier village of Cuba to the city of Rochester just south of Lake Ontario . Route 16 entered the Rochester area on what is now NY 386 and followed modern NY 386 , Old Scottsville Chili Road , and Chili Avenue northeastward to the Rochester city line . From there , the route continued for an additional 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) to the original city limits , where it ended near the intersection of Chili Avenue and Post Street . On March 1 , 1921 , Route 16 was truncated to end in Le Roy while the portion of its former alignment north of Caledonia became part of an extended Route 15 . When the first set of posted routes in New York were assigned in 1924 , the segment of legislative Route 15 north of Caledonia was not assigned a designation . Within two years , a highway extending from Batavia to Rochester by way of Bergen and Gates was designated as NY 33 . However , NY 33 followed a more northerly routing through Gates than old Route 15 did as it used Buffalo Road instead of Chili Avenue . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , the Chili Avenue portion of legislative Route 15 became part of the new NY 33A , a then spur route of NY 33 that began at NY 36 in Riga and ended at NY 33 in southwestern Rochester . NY 33A was extended westward c . 1932 to the town of Bergen , where it reconnected to NY 33 southeast of the village of Bergen . Major intersections
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3,245 | Computer City ( unk , unk unk ) is a song recorded by Japanese girl group Perfume for their first greatest hits compilation , Perfume Complete Best ( 2006 ) . It was written , composed , arranged , and produced by Japanese musician and Capsule member Yasutaka Nakata . The single also included the B side track Perfume , which appeared on the parent album . It premiered on January 11 , 2006 as the second single from the album in Japan . It was also released on June 19 , 2013 through European and Oceanic regions , and June 25 in North America . Musically , Computer City is a technopop song , influenced by electronic music . Upon its release , the track garnered generally favourable reviews from music critics . Some critics highlighted the song as one of Perfume 's best singles , and commended the composition . It achieved minor success in Japan , peaking at number 45 on the Oricon Singles Chart and 35 on TBS ' Count Down TV chart . An accompanying music video was shot by Kazuaki Seki it features the girls performing the song in a black room . With additional promotion through Japanese commercials , the song has been performed on several concert tours by Perfume , including their 2007 Seventh Heaven tour and 2008 Game Tour . Background and composition Computer City was written , composed , arranged , and produced by Japanese musician and Capsule member Yasutaka Nakata . Alongside this , it was recorded , mixed , and mastered by Nakata . The song was recorded in 2005 at Contemode Studios , Shibuya , Tokyo by Nakata . Alongside the album s remaining material , Computer City has partial rights by Nakata through unk Music Communications . The single also included the B side track Perfume , which also appeared on the parent album . It premiered on January 11 , 2006 as the second single from the groups first greatest hits compilation , Perfume Complete Best ( 2006 ) . The single was also released on June 19 , 2013 through European and Oceanic regions , and June 25 in North America . The CD single contains both Computer City and Perfume . The artwork features Perfume , posing for the song 's music video Perfume member A Chan is sitting down , Nocchi is leaning behind A Chan , and Kashiyuka is standing behind them both . The maxi CD features an extra lyric booklet , printed on plain white paper . Musically , Computer City is a technopop song , influenced by electronic music . A staff editor from Amazon Japan noted that the song contained elements of technopop and 8 bit music . Ian Martin from AllMusic stated that the song , alongside their back catalogue from Tokuma Japan Communications , adopt ed a vocoder heavy production style strongly influenced by European electro and house . Similarly , a staff editor at CD Journal labelled the songs composition as addictive technopop . Critical response Computer City received generally favourable reviews from most music critics . A writer from CD Journal complimented the tight composition , and praised the production and songwriting by Yasutaka Nakata . Another reviewer from the same publication reviewed the single release , and highlighted the songs pop catchy melody and its lyrical content . A staff editor from Amazon was positive in their review , praising the composition of the track , and highlighted it as one of the best songs on the album . Channel Ai staff editors awarded the song five stars out of five , stating ' Computer City ' is a great improvement it starts off with vocals only before it dives into a heavy beat . Although some parts turn a little monotone , most of the song remains catchy and melodic . Commercial performance In Japan , Computer City debuted at number 45 on the Oricon Singles Chart it sold 1 , 853 units within its first week of sales . It became the group 's highest charting single and first top 50 charting performance at the time . It lasted five weeks in the top 200 chart , and sold over 4 , 000 units by the end of 2006 . It was the group 's highest charting and selling single until their 2007 effort , unk . The song debuted at number 35 on the TBS Count Down TV chart , and lasted two weeks there . Music video and live performances An accompanying music video was shot by Kazuaki Seki it features the girls performing the song in a black room . There are several intercut scenes of computer generated imagery ( CGI ) , which include the overlapping of digital circuits and other patterns . The music video also appeared on Perfume 's DVD compilation sets for Perfume Complete Best , and Perfume Clips ( 2014 ) . Computer City was used for a Japanese commercial promoting the television show Tokyo Brigade . The single has been performed on several tours conducted by Perfume . It first appeared on two of the group 's promotional concerts the Seventh Heaven tour in 2007 , and the Socks Fix Make tour in 2008 . The song was included on their Game Tour , group 's first nationwide concert tour , and eventually included on the live DVD , released on October 15 , 2008 . Since then , Computer City has been performed on their 2009 unk Tour in Japan , 2009 Second Concert tour , and their 2010 Tokyo Dome tour . In 2010 , four years after its original release , the group was invited to perform Computer City on the Japanese music television show , Music Station . This marked the only single previous to the release and subsequent breakthrough of their single unk that has been performed on Japanese television . Track listings Credits and personnel Details adapted from the liner notes of the Perfume Complete Best album . Ayano moto vocals Yuka Kashino vocals Ayaka Nishiwaki vocals Yasutaka Nakata producer , composer , arranger , mixing , mastering . Seki Kazuaki video director Charts and sales Release history
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3,246 | The Ways of Fate is a 1913 American silent short romance film produced by the American Film Manufacturing Company . The film 's directorial and producer roles have been both attributed to Allan Dwan , but other sources point to Wallace Reid as director . The film 's fictional plot is centered on Jim Conway , who grew up wanting to avenge his father 's death and headed West to seek his father 's killer . Lost in the mountains , he is saved by a young woman and the two fall in love . After a few weeks with her , Conway reveals the reason he came west and the young woman 's father overhears it . The old man confesses to killing Conway 's father , over a game of cards , and bares his chest . Conway refuses to take revenge , because love had diminished such feelings . The film was released on April 19 , 1913 and it had a widespread national release . The survival status of the film is unknown , but it is presumed lost . Plot A surviving description of this lost film was published in the The Moving Picture World . It states Two men playing cards , the argument , flash of a revolver , and one lay dead . The murderer homeward fled , hurried his little girl baby into a west bound train and was heard of no more . The years passed and boyish Jim Conway grew to manhood with the sole purpose of seeking out his father 's murderer to deal justice to him . He went West and was one day lost in the mountains . He called for help and help came in the form of a sweet faced woman who led him to her home . He spent the flying weeks with her and the aged father , learned to love the mountain nymph for her beauty of soul and fair face . One day she asked him his reasons for being in the hill country , and he , lover like , confided his secret . Behind the door , sat the white haired father . He rose , shook himself like a leaf as be invited the young man into the house . And there he confessed the deed , baring his chest for the expected blow . But none fell for love had sweetened the poison of his thought . This summary of the film was provided by the American Film Manufacturing Company . Cast Wallace Reid as Jim Conway Vivian Rich Murdock MacQuarrie A single line in The Motion Picture Story Magazine notes that Vivian Rich played opposite Wallace Reid in The Ways of Fate . According to E. J. Fleming , author of Wallace Reid The Life and Death of a Hollywood Idol , the cast marks the debut of Lon Chaney , but this is unsupported and disputed . Fleming also credits Pauline Bush in a role , but this is also disputed . Production and release The Illustrated Guide to Film Directors credits Allan Dwan for directing the film and Sweethearts of the Sage attribute Wallace Reid . Wallace Reid The Life and Death of a Hollywood Idol credits Dwan as the producer and Reid as the director , but gives an incorrect release date . Fleming states that the film was made on December 26 27 , 1912 , that Reid was injured the next day when his horse fell and that he could not work until mid January . On April 13 , 1913 , an announcement was made that Allan Dwan has been fired from the American Film Manufacturing Company . The dismissal came as a shock to Dwan and stemmed from a personal dispute with J. Warren Kerrigan . Frederic Lombardi , author of Allan Dwan and the Rise and Decline of the Hollywood Studios , suggests that Dwan learned of his firing on April 12 , 1913 , based on a telegram Dwan sent to the Selig Polyscope Company on April 12 inquiring about employment opportunities . A newspaper article tried to dispel rumors about Dwan 's dismissal , termed retirement , having resulted in much dissatisfaction within the company . On April 20 , there was an announcement that Pauline Bush and Jessalyn Van Trump were also leaving the company . Lombardi says the two actresses may have had a personal reason to follow Dwan 's departure . In May , there was an announcement that Dwan , Bush and Van Trump had joined Universal Film Manufacturing Company . The film was released on April 19 , 1913 , by the American Film Manufacturing Company , also known as The Flying A or American . The company described the film as a half social , half western film . Release and legacy The film saw widespread release in the United States . Advertising theaters were included in Washington D.C. , Utah , Pennsylvania , Texas , Kansas , North Carolina , and Missouri . The film was also released internationally with advertisements in Manitoba , Canada and in London , United Kingdom . Fleming 's book credits The Ways of Fate as the debut of Lon Chaney , but this has been disputed . The documentary Lon Chaney A Thousand Faces states that his film debut occurred after his wife 's suicide attempt in April 1913 and his earliest films were made at the first studio to open in Hollywood , Nestor . Jon C. Mirsalis notes in his website that the film almost certainly did not feature Chaney , although it was directed by Allan Dwan . Wouldn 't it be interesting if Chaney worked at a studio other than Universal in 1913 Michael Blake , a Lon Chaney historian and author of several books on Lon Chaney 's life and work , notes that the possibility exists that Chaney performed in a role during a period of unemployment in 1912 . Blake notes that this would have occurred before Lon Chaney rejoined Clarence Kolb and Max Dill 's company in San Francisco , California in September 1912 . Furthermore , the Encyclopedia of Early Cinema states that the American Film Manufacturing Company had moved to its Santa Barbara , California location in the summer of 1912 and that Dwan , who would later work with Chaney , left the company after a dispute with J. Warren Kerrigan in 1913 . Chaney 's appearance in the film is not cited by any Chaney historians . The film 's survival status is unknown , but presumed lost .
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3,247 | Savior is a song by American rock band Rise Against , featured on their fifth studio album Appeal to Reason ( 2008 ) . Written and performed by the band , the song deviates from the social and political topics normally discussed in Rise Against songs , and is instead about forgiveness and broken relationships . It is a punk rock song , with a frenetic pace that John Hanson of Sputnikmusic described as reminiscent of tracks from the band 's 2003 album Revolutions per Minute . It was released as Appeal to Reason 's third single on June 3 , 2009 . Savior was well received by critics , with praise directed towards its lyrics , and remains one of the band 's most commercially successful singles to date . It peaked at number three on both the Hot Rock Songs and Alternative Songs music charts , and holds the record for the most consecutive weeks spent on either chart , with sixty three and sixty five weeks respectively . The accompanying music video depicts actors in animal costumes engaging in a mosh pit . Background Savior was written by American rock band Rise Against , with lyrics by lead vocalist Tim McIlrath , and produced by Bill Stevenson and Jason Livermore . Stevenson and Livermore engineered the song with Andrew Berlin , while Chris Lord Alge assisted as the mixer . It was recorded at the Blasting Room in Fort Collins , Colorado and was mastered by Ted Jensen . Rise Against released the song as the Appeal to Reason 's third and final single on June 3 , 2009 . It impacted radio stations on June 16 . When writing the lyrics for Rise Against songs , McIlrath will often sing nonsensical words over completed melodies , in order to identify the lyrical tone that each song will eventually convey . For Savior , McIlrath remarked that while he mostly sang gibberish , he always found himself singing the line I don 't hate you . McIlrath used this line as a base to construct the lyrics and themes present within Savior . In a 2014 interview , McIlrath commented on how he had originally voted to cut the song from Appeal to Reason , but was eventually overruled . Composition Savior is a punk rock song , and has been described by Aaron Burgess of The A.V. Club as an uptempo anthem . The song 's composition is written in the time signature of common time , with a moderate tempo of 94 beats per minute . It follows verse chorus form , and is composed in the key F minor , with a melody that spans a tonal range of E4 to C 6 . John Hanson of Sputnikmusic noted that the song had a frenetic pace , which was reminiscent of many of the tracks from the band 's 2003 album Revolutions per Minute . Lyrically , Savior deviates from the social and political topics normally discussed in Rise Against songs , and is instead about forgiveness and broken relationships . It tells the story of a couple who have recently split up . The two attempt to reconcile their differences , with lines such as I don 't hate you , boy I just want to save you while there 's still something left to save . Hanson and Liz Ramanand of Loudwire have characterized the lyrics as poignant , and poetic . Reception and chart performance Savior was well received by critics . Hanson and Davey Boy of Sputnikmusic both praised the song Hanson described it as one of the most inspired songs Rise Against have written to date , while Boy wrote that ' Savior ' sees absolutely everything come together perfectly to make for one hell of a song . Burgess opined that Savior was one of three Appeal to Reason tracks that would satisfy anyone still uneasy about Rise Against 's radio aspirations . Bob Hoose of Plugged In complimented the positive and hopeful lyrics . Commercially , Savior remains one of Rise Against 's most successful singles to date , and spent a considerable amount of time on multiple Billboard music charts . Reaching as high as number two on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart , it spent thirty six weeks on the chart , the fourth most amount of time for any song on the chart . Savior peaked at number three on both the Hot Rock Songs and Alternative Songs charts , and holds the record for the most amount of time spent for both charts , with sixty three and sixty five weeks respectfully . It was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting shipments of 1 , 000 , 000 copies . In Canada , the song reached number sixty eight on the Canadian Hot 100 . Music video The accompanying music video was directed by Kevin Kerslake , who had previously directed the band 's music videos for Ready to Fall , and Re Education ( Through Labor ) . The video centers around actors wearing animal costumes , who in the beginning , engage in a mosh pit . One of the animals , a polar bear , is constantly being punched and kicked by an elephant , and decides to leave . While traveling on a bus , it sees the same elephant limping . The polar bear reluctantly asks the driver to stop and let the elephant on , who sits next to the polar bear , and the two hold hands . Scenes of Rise Against performing and destroying their instruments are shown throughout . McIlrath had originally envisioned a simple performance video , with the band going nuts in a parking lot , trashing equipment , having fun and showing the physical nature of Rise Against . However , Kerslake came up with the idea for the animals , as he felt it would be a bizarre element that would keep people watching . Despite its humorous nature , Kerslake stated that there were some political undertones in the video , with the polar bear representing endangered species , while the elephant represents the Republican Party of the United States . Personnel and credits Credits adapted from the liner notes of Appeal to Reason . Charts Certifications
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3,248 | Alexander Timothy McKee ( born March 14 , 1953 ) is an American former competition swimmer and three time Olympic silver medalist . He was a successful medley and backstroke swimmer , and is often remembered for being a part of the closest Olympic swimming finish in history and the resulting rule changes regarding the timing of international swimming events . McKee is a Pennsylvania native who was raised in a family of swimmers , and had notable successes as a collegiate swimmer at the University of Florida . Early years McKee was born in Ardmore , Pennsylvania . He was the fourth of nine children in his family his father Alexander Big Al McKee was a former All American for Ohio State University 's Buckeye swimming and diving team in the late 1930s . While McKee was a child , his parents moved the family to Newtown Square , Pennsylvania , so that he and his siblings could walk through a path in their backyard to the Suburban Swim Club to practice , where his father served as coach from 1962 to 1968 . Three of his brothers and two of sisters achieved some measure of national or international recognition as competition swimmers . McKee graduated from Malvern Preparatory School in Malvern , Pennsylvania in 1971 . College swimming career After high school , McKee accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville , Florida , where he swam for coach Bill Harlan 's Florida Gators swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) and Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) competition from 1972 to 1974 . He followed his older brother Mark to Gainesville , where Mark McKee was an All American swimmer for the Florida Gators from 1969 to 1971 . As a freshman in 1972 , he finish fourth in the 200 yard backstroke , and fifth in the 400 yard individual medley , as the Florida Gators finished seventh overall at the NCAA men 's swimming championships . In his three years as a Gator swimmer , McKee was recognized as the SEC Swimmer of the Year in 1972 , won six SEC individual titles , and received four All American honors . International swimming career After graduating from high school , McKee was chosen as a member of the U.S. national swim team for the 1971 Pan American Games in Cali , Colombia . He finished second in the men 's 200 meter backstroke with a time of 2 07 . 9 , earning his first silver medal in international competition . Following his freshman college season , McKee qualified for the 1972 U.S. Olympic team despite recovering from a bout of mononucleosis . At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , Germany , he represented the United States in three different events . Most memorably , McKee won a silver medal in the men 's 400 meter individual medley in the closest swimming decision in Olympic history , losing by a margin of two one thousandths ( 0 . 002 ) of a second to Sweden 's Gunnar Larsson . Initially , the scoreboard showed that Larsson and McKee had tied with an official time of 4 31 . 98 , but in a controversial decision , the event judges named Larsson the eventual gold medal winner ten minutes after the race was over Larsson 's electronic clock time was 4 31 . 981 , McKee 's 4 31 . 983 . The time difference was variously calculated as one tenth of the time of a typical blink of a human eye , and the distance as the thickness of a coat of paint , a sheet of paper , or the minor imperfections in the individual lanes of the Olympic pool . As a result of the controversy , the international swimming federation , FINA , subsequently clarified the timing rules for competition swimming international races are now required to be timed to the hundredth of a second , and timing to the thousandth of a second is prohibited for tie breakers . It was the first and only Olympic swimming event ever decided on the basis of thousandths of a second . Afterward , McKee attributed his second place finish to a tactical mistake he looked over his shoulder to see where Larsson was in the final leg of the race . At the 1972 Olympics , McKee garnered a second silver medal in the men 's 200 meter individual medley ( 2 08 . 37 ) , again finishing behind gold medalist Larsson , who set a new world record in the event ( 2 07 . 17 ) . He also placed fifth in the final of the men 's 200 meter backstroke ( 2 07 . 29 ) . After his junior year at the University of Florida , McKee left the Gators swim team to train full time for the 1976 Olympics . The 23 year old McKee again qualified for the U.S. team in the 400 meter individual medley at the 1976 U.S. Olympic Trials . At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , he repeated his second place performance in the men 's 400 meter individual medley event , finishing behind gold medalist and fellow American Rod Strachan . The times of both Strachan ( 4 23 . 68 ) and McKee ( 4 24 . 62 ) broke the prior world record in the event final , with Strachan setting the new mark . During the course of his career , McKee set six American records ( short course 200 and 400 yard individual medley , 400 yard medley relay long course 100 and 220 yard backstroke , 200 yard individual medley ) . Life after competition swimming McKee was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a Gator Great in 1987 , and the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an Honor Swimmer in 1998 . He is a veteran celebrity swimmer for Swim Across America ( SAA ) , a charitable organization that raises funds for cancer research , and has participated in sixteen SAA events . He has worked in Miami Beach , Florida as a life guard and public safety officer for over 20 years , has also worked in real estate , and has helped train other Olympic swimmers including Nancy Hogshead . McKee married his wife Courtney , a former competition swimmer , in 1998 .
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3,249 | Best Of ... , also referred to as Sia Best Of ... , is the first greatest hits album by Australian singer songwriter Sia , released in Australia on 30 March 2012 through the Sydney based independent record label Inertia . The compilation includes tracks from four of her previous studio albums Healing Is Difficult ( 2001 ) , Colour the Small One ( 2004 ) , Some People Have Real Problems , ( 2008 ) and We Are Born ( 2010 ) . Also included are two tracks featuring Sia as a guest vocalist ( Destiny by Zero 7 and Titanium by David Guetta ) , My Love from The Twilight Saga Eclipse film soundtrack , plus a remixed version of Buttons by Brazilian rock band CSS . The album was announced in February 2012 , shortly after Sia claimed she would be retiring . Some online music stores offered Sia 's music DVD TV Is My Parent as a bonus . Overall , critical reception of the album was positive , though many reviewers criticized select tracks . Best Of ... debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Albums Chart the week of 15 April and reached a peak position of number 27 the following week . Background and promotion The album was announced in February 2012 , shortly after Sia made a statement claiming she was retiring . Best Of ... received promotion in various forms . IE Music Inertia released a promotional video on YouTube in March 2012 . One day prior to the album 's release , Oyster magazine commemorated Sia 's career by publishing their list of her top five collaborations . The compilation album and a Sia tote bag , among other prizes , were included in a competition held by Cosmopolitan magazine . In April 2012 , Music Australia Guide ( Mag ) offered copies of the album to readers as part of a unk giveaway . Content Best Of ... contains eighteen tracks spanning fifteen years of music from Sia 's career , including collaborative work with Zero 7 and other artists . Fourteen tracks come from four of Sia 's previous studio albums . Taken for Granted , representing the oldest material on the compilation , is the only song from Sia 's 2002 album Healing Is Difficult . Numb , Where I Belong , Breathe Me and , Sweet Potato all appeared on Sia 's 2004 album Colour the Small One . Tracks from her 2008 album Some People Have Real Problems include The Girl You Lost to Cocaine , Day Too Soon , Ray Davies ' I Go to Sleep , Soon We 'll Be Found , and Buttons . Clap Your Hands , Bring Night , You 've Changed , and The Fight originally appeared on Sia 's previous studio album We Are Born ( 2010 ) . The remaining four tracks represent collaborative works , one soundtrack appearance and a remix . Destiny first appeared on the British duo Zero 7 's album Simple Things ( 2001 ) the track features vocal performances by Sia and Sophie Barker . My Love appeared on The Twilight Saga Eclipse film soundtrack ( 2010 ) . Titanium , written by Sia , David Guetta , Giorgio Tuinfort , and Nick van de Wall , first appeared on Guetta 's 2011 album Nothing but the Beat . Reception Critical reception of the compilation album was positive overall many reviewers appreciated the album in its entirety but criticized select tracks . The AU Review 's Robert Lyon awarded the album a score of 8 . 2 on a 10 point scale . Lyon thought Clap Your Hands began the album brilliantly and complimented additional individual tracks , but noted the compilation offered no previously unreleased material and that the bonus DVD was only available through select retailers . Mikey Cahill of News Limited awarded the album four points on a five point scale . He wrote listeners have the ability to visualise Sia 's animated exterior singing each note loud and proud and summarized the album in one word respectable . Freya Davies of unk suggested Bring Night would have been a better opening track . Davies criticized select tracks , such as Destiny and Day Too Soon due to Sia 's inarticulate singing , but also complimented faster tempo songs which highlighted her vocal strength ( Titanium and Buttons ) . Davies concluded Sia 's ability to combine cult and popular appeal is successfully demonstrated by the strength of this compilation album . Its weaknesses are momentary overall , it is a fun salute to the past 15 years and a respectable look to the future . Scott Patrick Mitchell of Out in Perth , an LGBT publication based in Perth , Western Australia , appreciated an album of Sia highlights and wrote that Bring Night , Buttons and The Girl You Lost to Cocaine sparkle like supernovas . Rabbit Hole Urban Music 's Steve Smart awarded the compilation four out of five stars . Smart thought the album was long but inclusive of many genres he called the production super smooth ... classy but not edgeless . Rave Magazine 's Alasdair Duncan also rated Best Of ... four out of five stars and complimented Sia 's body of work . Duncan thought the compilation had a thrown together quality but called the music top notch . Nina Bertok of Rip It Up , an Adelaide street press magazine , called the album a collection of tear jerking ballads ... pop nuggets ... dance bangers and quirkier numbers . Bertok recommended the CSS remix of Buttons and awarded the compilation three out of five stars . One reviewer from the Sydney Star Observer wrote that Breathe Me stands as Sia 's best song but thought her songs Don 't Bring Me Down and I 'm in Here should have been included on the album . Track listing Track listing adapted from AllMusic , including entries for Healing Is Difficult , Colour the Small One , Some People Have Real Problems and We Are Born . Charts Best Of ... debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Albums Chart the week of 15 April 2012 . The album reached a peak position of number 27 the following week before exiting the chart .
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3,250 | Tropical Storm Arthur was the first Atlantic tropical storm that formed during the month of May since 1981 . The first tropical cyclone of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season , the storm formed on May 30 , 2008 from the interaction of two tropical waves and the remnants of the eastern Pacific Tropical Storm Alma , which had crossed into the western Caribbean Sea . The system quickly organized and was named Tropical Storm Arthur on May 31 , while crossing the shore of Belize . It dissipated two days later over the Yucatn Peninsula in Mexico . Arthur and its remnants triggered severe flooding which killed a reported nine people and affected 100 , 000 more in Belize . Damage was light to moderate , estimated at 78 million ( 2008 USD ) . Meteorological history By May 29 , 2008 , the western Caribbean Sea became unk active due to the presence of two tropical waves and Tropical Storm Alma , which was located in the east Pacific Ocean . The system generated a broad surface low pressure system , as well as clusters of convection . The next day , Alma made landfall on Nicaragua , pulling deep tropical moisture into the region . Upper level outflow was spreading outwards from the tropical storm with a high pressure system over the Caribbean . A surface trough developed and extended from inland Honduras to just south of the Cayman Islands , which sparked further development of strong convection . On May 31 , the remnants of Alma were situated along the coast of Belize as a 1004 mbar low pressure system . A broad upper level ridge was anchored over the Gulf of Honduras , which covered the entire region and maintained deep tropical moisture . Satellite imagery and a NOAA buoy reported sustained tropical storm force winds . Despite moving ashore , the system was named Tropical Storm Arthur about 45 mi ( 72 km ) north northwest of Belize City . In post analysis , it was determined that Arthur had developed more than 12 hours earlier , late on May 30 , and made landfall early on May 31 with 45 mph ( 75 km h ) winds in northeastern Belize . While over land , Arthur maintained minimal tropical storm force winds , concentrated primarily over open waters to the east and northeast . Despite being over land for several hours , the storm maintained a fairly organized structure . The storm contained a large low level center , accompanied by convective banding , and was developing new convective cells . Initially , it was thought Arthur would continue generally westward due to a ridge to its north , and later re intensify in the Bay of Campeche . The associated thunderstorm activity became separated from the center of circulation , and early on June 1 , the center became difficult to locate due to becoming disorganized . It remained a tropical storm over land for nearly 24 hours before weakening to a tropical depression later that day . While drifting southwestward over land , Arthur weakened further , and the National Hurricane Center issued its last advisory on the system late on June 1 . By June 4 , the remnants of Arthur were diminishing over southeastern Mexico without any redevelopment . Thunderstorms briefly redeveloped two days later , as its associated circulation crossed over the Bay of Campeche into Veracruz , although it dissipated soon after . Impact and records In preparation for the storm , ports were closed in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo , while residents and tourists were encouraged to take precautions in coastal areas . Also , ports were closed on the islands of Cozumel , Isla Mujeres and in Chetumal . Small boats were restricted from leaving some ports , but evacuations were deemed unnecessary . Tropical storm warnings were issued as soon as the storm was first classified for the coast of Belize and the coast of Mexico south of Cabo Catoche , and remained in effect until Arthur weakened to a tropical depression . While crossing Belize , Arthur dropped heavy rainfall , estimated as high as 15 in ( 380 mm ) . The storm produced rainfall as far south as Belize City and kicked up strong surf on the island of Ambergris Caye . Winds from Arthur forced the closure of two of Mexico 's three main oil exporting ports in the Gulf of Mexico due to rough seas . The storm 's remnants , combined with recent heavy rains from Tropical Storm Alma , triggered flash flooding and caused rivers in southern and northern Belize to overflow . The flooding damaged one bridge and one highway , and several other bridges were under water . One village was evacuated , and shelters in Corozal and Orange Walk were opened . In rural areas the electricity was cut off due to safety issues . Dozens were stranded on their roof due to high water , and work to repair an important highway was halted when flood waters washed away the repaired section . Papaya plantations , shrimp farms and rice crops were also affected by the unsettled weather . In all , about 100 , 000 people were affected by the flooding , and nine fatalities were reported five of which were directly attributed to Arthur . A total of 714 houses were damaged , and damage in Belize was estimated at 78 million ( 2008 USD ) . British helicopters helped rescue stranded people following the storm , and Mexico provided a helicopter to help carry supplies to areas affected by the flooding . Prime Minister Dean Barrow declared a disaster area in southern Belize 's Stann Creek Valley . Additionally , the government rushed food , water and clothing to about 13 , 000 people . When Arthur later moved over Mexico , it dropped heavy rainfall , with a maximum 24 hour total of 8 . 34 in ( 212 mm ) in Pijijiapan , Chiapas . There were no reports of damage or deaths in the country . Arthur was the first tropical storm to form in May in the Atlantic since Tropical Storm Arlene in 1981 , and the last until Tropical Storm Alberto in May 2012 .
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3,251 | Missing My Baby is a song released by American singer Selena on her third studio album Entre a Mi Mundo ( 1992 ) . It was composed by A.B. Quintanilla her brother and principal record producer , whose intention was to showcase Selena 's diverse musical abilities . Selena included it on the album to help her cross over into the English speaking market . Critics praised her emotive enunciation in the song . After Selena was murdered in 1995 , a posthumous music video made for VH1 was released to promote the triple box set Anthology ( 1998 ) . Missing My Baby is a mid tempo R B ballad influenced by urban and soul music . The lyrics describe the love felt by the narrator , who reminisces of rhapsodic events she has shared with her lover . In some parts of the song , the narrator experiences loneliness and anguish because of the absence of her boyfriend . Although never intended to be released as a single , the track peaked at number 22 on the US Rhythmic Top 40 chart in 1995 . Background and development Missing My Baby was written by Selena 's brother and the song 's principal record producer A.B. Quintanilla . It was created for Selena 's 1992 album Entre a Mi Mundo , to showcase her diverse musical abilities and to add to the album 's variety of musical styles , which include Mexican pop and traditional Mexican songs , whereas Missing My Baby is in the style of contemporary R B. After the release of Selena 's full length Spanish albums Selena ( 1989 ) and Ven Conmigo ( 1990 ) , which included Tejano and other Mexican pop styles , she decided that her next recording would feature an English language song . She believed that such a song would convince EMI Records ' chairman Charles Koppelman that she was ready to release a crossover album . EMI had wanted her to acquire a larger fan base before launching her crossover career . In spite of this , Selena included the song on Entre a Mi Mundo . Quintanilla III wrote Missing My Baby in a week , and three weeks later , in late 1991 , it was recorded at Sun Valley , Los Angeles . EMI Latin wanted R B duo Full Force to perform a remixed version of the recording . Quintanilla III and Selena met with the group at their Brooklyn recording studio , and Full Force agreed to add backing vocals , which they recorded in two days . EMI Latin , the record label Selena belongs to , chose Full Force 's version of Missing My Baby instead of Selena 's solo version of the song . Composition Missing My Baby is a mid tempo R B ballad with influences of urban and soul music . It is in the key of B minor , at 144 beats per minute in common time . The recording incorporates melisma , with sung poetry during the downtempo part of the song . The melody is accompanied by backing vocals , and instrumentation is provided by an electric piano , drums , a keyboard , a synthesizer and strings . Contemporary music critics praised Selena 's emotive enunciation , which emphasized the song 's title and central theme . R B duo Full Force were the backing vocalists for the original and remix versions of Missing My Baby . J.R. Reynolds , formerly of Billboard , called Missing My Baby a dreamy ballad with an R B styled melody under Selena 's pop vocals . Ramiro Burr of the Austin American Statesman described it as a soul ballad . Jerry Johnston of the Deseret News thought that Selena displayed a Leslie Gore sic baby voice in Missing My Baby and that she displays a wonderful suppleness in her voice . The Virginian Pilot said that the song was built on hooks that recall Diana Ross 's Missing You , which is a tribute to Marvin Gaye , and the Beach Boys ' Good to My Baby . The song begins with a drum solo before the other instruments enter to form the musical foundation . Selena sings to her absent lover about how much she misses him , saying that he is always on her mind and that she feels lonely when he is not with her . Three times she sings , I often think of the happy times we spent together And I just can 't wait to tell you that I love you . In the chorus , she sings of wanting to hold him tight and feel his heartbeat . Critical reception and legacy Missing My Baby received positive reviews from critics . Vibe magazine reported that Full Force was awarded gold and platinum discs for Missing My Baby and Techno Cumbia , and described Missing My Baby as giving a hint of her aspirations . After it was remixed by Quintanilla III and later produced for the 1995 album Dreaming of You , the Hi XD said that it was the best English language song on the album . Chris Riemenschneider and John T. Davis of the Austin American Statesman wrote that Missing My Baby can sound as fluffy as the Big M 's Crazy for You . Cary Clack of the San Antonio Express News wrote that Missing My Baby was played on non Tejano radio stations and that he thought it might become a posthumous hit , while commenting that the recording displays Selena 's wonderful vocal and emotional range . However , Mario Tarradell of The Dallas Morning News believed that Missing My Baby and other tracks were added to Entre a Mi Mundo for good measure . Missing My Baby was one of the first Selena songs to be played on radio stations after she was murdered by Yolanda Saldvar , her friend and former manager of her Selena Etc. boutiques . A music video of the song , incorporating footage from Selena 's personal home videos , was released for VH1 in 1998 to promote the triple box set Anthology . Billboard reported that the video was the 47th most played music video for that channel in the week ending 5 April 1998 . Chart performance Personnel Credits from the album 's liner notes Selena vocals Full Force backing vocalists Ricky Vela keyboards Suzette Quintanilla drums A.B. Quintanilla writer
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3,252 | Agaricus bernardii , commonly called the salt loving mushroom , is an agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae . A short , squat mushroom , the thick stem is usually less than the diameter of the cap , which ranges from 5 15 cm ( 2 . 0 5 . 9 in ) . Found in Asia , Europe , North America , and New Zealand , it is a salt tolerant species that grows in salt marshes , dunes , and coastal grassland . The fungus produces fruit bodies ( mushrooms ) with convex to flattened caps up to 15 cm ( 5 . 9 in ) in diameter , atop thick stems up to 10 cm ( 3 . 9 in ) long . The cap surface is whitish to buff , and can develop scales or warts in age . Gills are initially pink before turning brown when the spores mature . The flesh turns reddish when it is cut or bruised . The mushroom somewhat resembles Agaricus bitorquis but it differs from that species by the reddish brown staining of cap and stem tissue , the nature of the ring on the stem , as well as its briny odor . An edible mushroom , it is stronger in flavor but similar to the store bought button mushrooms , Agaricus bisporus . Taxonomy The species was first described by French mycologist Lucien Qulet as unk unk in 1879 , based on collections made in La Rochelle , a seaport on the Bay of Biscay ( France ) . Pier Andrea Saccardo transferred it to Agaricus in 1887 . Synonyms include unk bernardii , unk bernardii , Fungus bernardii , and Agaricus campestris subsp. bernardii . The infrageneric ( below genus level ) classification of A. bernardii is not known with certainty . In his 1978 proposed classification , Paul Heinemann placed it in the subsection unk of the section Agaricus . Although the species has some similarities with species in the section unk based on the structure of its veil and its tendencies towards unk ( developing a red coloration ) , molecular analysis shows that it does not belong in this section . An earlier ( 1999 ) analysis suggested that it is closely related to the Agaricus clade , which contains A. unk , A. unk , A. bisporus , A. unk , A. bitorquis , and A. impudicus . In 1986 , Henri Romagnesi placed it in section unk Solomon Wasser demoted this to a subsection of unk in 1995 , and later provided molecular support for his decision . In addition to A. bernardii , species in Wasser 's concept of subsection unk include A. unk , A. unk , A. unk , A. unk , and A. unk . The species was named after the original collector , G. Bernard . Agaricus bernardii is commonly known as the salt loving mushroom . Description Fruit bodies of Agaricus bernardii have caps that range in shape from convex to flattened , and reach a diameter of 5 15 cm ( 2 . 0 5 . 9 in ) . The cap surface is dry and smooth , with a white or buff color that can develop brownish spots in maturity . In age , the surface often forms scales or warts . The flesh is thick , firm , and stains reddish orange or reddish brown when cut , although this reaction can be slow to develop . Its odor ranges from mild to briny to pungent . The gills are free from attachment to the stem , and packed close together . Initially grayish pink to pinkish , they turn reddish brown and then chocolate brown as the spores mature . The stem is solid ( i.e. , not hollow ) , firm , and measures 4 10 cm ( 1 . 6 3 . 9 in ) long by 2 4 cm ( 0 . 8 1 . 6 in ) thick . A thick , white , rubbery partial veil covers the gills of the immature mushroom , and eventually remains as a ring on the middle of the stem . Although the mushrooms sometimes have an odor that is briny or pungent ( though not inappropriate ) , they are edible and good . David Arora compares its taste to that of the closely related Agaricus bitorquis , but a little chewier and sometimes with a slightly salty or briny taste . Agaricus bernardii mushrooms produce a dark brown spore print . The spores are smooth , broadly elliptical , and have dimensions of 6 7 . 5 by 5 6 m . The basidia ( spore bearing cells ) are four spored and club shaped , measuring 14 25 by 4 7 m the sterigmata are 4 5 m . Cheilocystidia ( cystidia on the gill edge ) are broadly club shaped to cylindrical , hyaline ( translucent ) , and measure 17 30 by 4 8 m . Similar species Agaricus bitorquis , also edible , has a similar appearance , but can be distinguished by its double ring , and the lack of a fishy or briny odor . Additionally , A. bitorquis does not stain reddish when cut , and usually does not have a scaly or warty cap . The Hungarian species A. unk , named for its similarity to A. bernardii , is distinguished from the latter by its smaller spores ( 6 . 2 8 . 2 by 5 . 4 6 . 2 m ) and its club shaped cheilocystidia that measure 17 35 by 7 9 . 5 m . MycoBank , however , considers the two species to be conspecific . Habitat and distribution Agaricus bernardii is a saprobic species . Its mushrooms fruit singly , scattered , or in groups on the ground . They grow in sandy soils , lawns , and in habitats with a high salt concentration , like along ocean coasts and salt marshes . Once primarily a maritime species , the fungus has spread inland to roadside verges where salt has been applied to de ice the roads . Fruit bodies sometimes form underground . Mushrooms can also grow in fairy rings , especially when in grasslands or pastures . A Czech study determined that the mushrooms will strongly bioaccumulate silver from contaminated soil . Although the average concentration of silver in the soil is typically less than 1 milligram per kilogram of soil , it can be significantly elevated near industrial sites such as mines and smelters . The concentration of silver in the caps which reached levels of up to 544 mg per kg of mushroom tissue ( dry weight ) was about twice that of the stems . The species is found in Asia , Europe , North America ( including Mexico ) and New Zealand .
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3,253 | The Smith Harris House , listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Thomas Avery House , is a two and a half story clapboarded Greek Revival home on Society Road in East Lyme , Connecticut . It is believed that the farmhouse was built in 1845 1846 as a wedding gift for Thomas Avery and Elizabeth Griswold . It remained in the Avery family until 1877 when it was purchased by William H. Smith . By the 1890s , the farm was managed by Smith 's younger brother , Herman W. Smith and nephew , Frank A. Harris . In 1900 , the two married Lula and Florence Munger , sisters , and both resided in the house . In 1955 , the house was sold to the Town of East Lyme and the sisters continued to live in the house until requiring a nursing home . The house was saved from demolition by citizens and restored . It opened on July 3 , 1976 , as a historic house museum , operated and maintained by the Smith Harris House Commission and the Friends of Smith Harris House . It is open from June through August and throughout the year by appointment . The Smith Harris house was added to the National Historic Register of Places on August 22 , 1979 . History The Smith Harris House is believed to have been preceded by another dwelling that was used in the original construction . The Avery family was originally in the area from at least 1751 and the property and the surrounding farm was consolidated under Jonathan Avery 's son , Abraham Avery . It is believed , through a newspaper discovered in the wall and other records that the house was built in 1845 1846 as a wedding gift for Thomas Avery and Elizabeth Griswold . The house remained in the Avery family until 1877 when it was sold to William H. Smith . By the 1890s , the farm was managed by Smith 's younger brother , Herman W. Smith and nephew , Frank A. Harris . In 1900 , the two married Lula and Florence Munger , sisters , and both resided in the house . William H. Smith deeded the house to his brother and nephew in 1921 . Smith died in 1951 and his widow and Frank Harris , shortly before his death , sold the house and the 103 acres ( 41 . 6 hectare ) of land to the Town of East Lyme for 34 , 000 . The two widows continued to live in the house until they went to a nursing home . The land served as a farm under the Avery family including a dairy and cattle farm the dairy farm would continue to operate under the Harris family . Portions of the land were later used for the construction of Interstate 95 and two East Lyme schools . The two schools are the East Lyme Junior High School ( East Lyme Middle School ) and Lillie B. Haines Elementary School . Design The Smith Harris House is a two and one half story clapboarded Greek Revival house with a pedimented gable on the front facade . The house is composed of a two and one half story 23 feet ( 7 . 0 m ) by 45 feet ( 14 m ) block and a single story 10 feet ( 3 . 0 m ) kitchen wing . It retains the original clapboarding with horizontal flush on the facade . The front facade has a typical three bay design with the entrance supported by pilasters with squared , recessed panels for the main door frame and frieze . The entrance porch is not original , it was replaced as part of the restoration effort and its design originates from previous photographs . The foundation is made of locally sourced granite slabs and includes a full basement . The square gable windows feature small panes in wooden unk . All windows retain their original double hung sash with 6 over 6 windows , except for the rear windows on the second floor . The one story kitchen wing has a pitched lean to roof . Another part of the restoration was the open porch that replaced an ell . At the time of its National Historic Register of Places nomination , the gable roof was covered with cedar shingles as part of the restoration effort . Passing through the entrance leads to the stairhall , with the on the right stairs side and a doorway leading to the parlor on the left . The back of the stairwell leads to another room that connects to a side room on the left and into the kitchen . The kitchen features access to the other rooms , a back entrance , a back stairway and a separate kitchen pantry in the rear wing . The interior is designed with the lines and moldings of the Greek Revival styling . The fireplace has a simple projecting mantel and the walls are plain with plastered walls and cornice moldings . In adherence to fire code standards , the rear chimney was rebuilt , yet accurately reproduces the large bake oven . The second floor is similar to the first floor except the rear rooms have been converted to bedrooms . Cleary believes that the boards used to finish the attic stairway and part of the attic may come from the replaced ell , which possibly was from a previous house on the site . Operation as a museum After the deaths of the widows , the house was boarded up and repeatedly vandalized . The Town of East Lyme considered destroying the house for municipal purposes , but citizens successfully petitioned and restored it . The Smith Harris House opened as a historic house museum on July 3 , 1976 . The restoration the addition of murals painted by the Connecticut Society of Decorative Painters in the style of Rufus Porter . The website notes that t hese murals are meant to show visitors a decorative style that was available in the mid 19th century and not meant to be exactly what was in this house at that time . Currently , the Smith Harris House Commission , created by the town to maintain the property , has incorporated the Friends of Smith Harris House into the care of the property . The house is open from June through August and throughout the year by appointment . The Smith Harris House was added to the National Historic Register of Places on August 22 , 1979 . Gallery
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3,254 | Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska ( 1946 1975 ) was a Quarter Horse broodmare who produced eight foals , three of which would become world champion race horses . When she was a yearling , she was sold by her owner , although he had not really planned on selling her . He felt he had to because one of his employees had told a customer the filly was for sale . Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska 's official race record lists her with six wins in six starts , but it is incomplete and is missing some earnings as well as some races . After racing for two years , she retired to become a broodmare and died in 1975 at age 29 . Her son Vandy 's Flash was the first gelding to be named a World Champion Quarter Running Horse . She was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Association Hall of Fame . Early life Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska was a 1946 sorrel mare sired by Leo and out of Jenny Dee , a daughter of Jimmie Allred . Her dam ( mother ) was out of a mare named Big Bay , who was of unknown breeding . Jimmie Allred was sired by Dan whose father was Old Joe Bailey . Jimmie Allred 's dam was Alice McGill who was sired by Little Hickory Bill , a son of Hickory Bill who was sired by Peter McCue Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska was bred by Bill Rowe of Carlsbad , New Mexico , but by the time she was a yearling she was owned by Earl Jackson , of Pawhuska , Oklahoma . It isn 't clear if Jackson bought Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska as a foal or if he bought Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska 's dam while she was still carrying Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska . When Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska was a yearling , Dee Garrett visited Jackson 's ranch and one of Jackson 's ranch hands told him the filly was for sale for 200 ( approximately 2 , 100 in current dollars ) . Although Jackson had not planned to sell the filly , he felt obligated to complete the sale because his employee had put a price on her . Race career Although Garrett 's widow later described Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska as scrawny she looked like a jackrabbit then , Garrett trained her for the track and she raced as a two year old and three year old . Her first race was the Oklahoma Futurity in 1948 , where she won her qualifying heat and won the finals by a nose . The finals ' start was delayed , but even after the delay , Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska won , beating Savannah G , unk , and Red River Pride . Her time for the 220 yards ( 200 m ) race was 12 . 7 seconds . Although Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska 's official record with the American Quarter Horse Association ( or AQHA ) is six starts and six wins , the early records are not all entered into the AQHA 's computers and the official charts published in the 1940s show she lost a match race to Gin High . However , the published race chart for the race noted that she was leading the race until she ran over a stake 50 yards ( 46 m ) before the end of the race , which caused her to lose the race . She earned a Race ROM and 250 . 00 ( approximately 2 , 500 in current dollars ) in her official records . The official earnings only reflect one race , a match race in 1949 , but they don 't list the other purses she earned , including the 1 , 000 ( approximately 9 , 800 in current dollars ) purse for the 1948 Oklahoma Futurity . She also is claimed to have won a match race worth 2 , 500 ( approximately 24 , 900 in current dollars ) , although this was an unofficial race . Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska 's jockey at the time , C. W. Cascio , said of her when he raced her at Del Rio , Texas , I thought she was going to have to go all out just to keep up with those big two year olds what with her little enough to run under their bellies . Her last race was at Enid , Oklahoma , and it was a match race against Bob K K , which she won . Breeding career Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska 's owner , Dee Garrett , bred her to his champion stallion Vandy , and produced three world champions Vandy 's Flash , unk Dee , and Vannevar . Vansarita Too set a new track record and Vandy 's Betty and Miss Vanity earned AAA speed ratings . Her first foal was Vandy 's Betty , who went on to earn an AAA rating on the race track and became the dam of Mr. Van Deck . Her next foal was unk Dee , who racked up 94 starts with 31 wins , 20 seconds and 16 thirds in six years of racing . Her total earnings were 83 , 325 ( approximately 676 , 400 in current dollars ) . Vannevar was the next foal , and was AQHA Champion Racing unk in 1956 and 1957 . Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska 's 1954 foal was Vandy 's Flash , who was the first gelding named World Champion Quarter Running Horse , in 1960 . Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska 's 1955 foal was Vansarita , who was never raced . A number of miscarriages followed , but in 1958 Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska produced Miss Vanity , another AAA rated racehorse . Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska slipped , or lost , her next two foals , but produced Vansarita Too in 1961 , who also earned an AAA on the race track . Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska 's last foal by Vandy was Vandy 's Flash , a stallion , who was never raced but sired 107 foals . Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska 's last foal was not by Vandy , but was by a son of Three Bars named The Ole Man , but the gelding was never raced . Death and legacy Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska died at the age of 29 in 1975 . She was buried on the Garretts ' ranch outside Pawhuska . Garrett 's grandson said of her that She was very gentle , the kind of mare you could do anything with . He also said of her I guess you could say she was a family pet . I used to rider her out to the pastures to round up other mares , things like that . She was on the leading dams of Race ROM earners from 1959 through 1969 . Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska was inducted into the AQHA 's AQHA Hall of unk in 2006 . Garrett 's Miss Pawhuska also has a stakes race named in her honor at Remington Park Track in Oklahoma City . Pedigree
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3,255 | No. 82 Squadron RAAF was a Royal Australian Air Force fighter squadron that operated during World War II and its immediate aftermath . It was formed in June 1943 , flying Curtiss P 40 Kittyhawks and , initially , Bell P 39 Airacobras from bases in Queensland and New Guinea . The squadron became operational in September 1944 , and undertook ground attack missions against Japanese targets in the Pacific theatre . Following the end of hostilities , No. 82 Squadron was re equipped with North American P 51 Mustangs and deployed to Japan , where it formed part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force . It remained there until October 1948 , when it was disbanded . History World War II During 1943 , the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) received 399 Curtiss P 40 Kittyhawk fighter aircraft . Their arrival allowed the service to expand its combat force by forming five new Kittyhawk equipped squadrons to join the three squadrons that had operated the type in the South West Pacific area since 1942 . No. 82 Squadron was formed at Bankstown , New South Wales , on 18 June 1943 . It was the third of the new Kittyhawk squadrons to be established , following No. 84 Squadron in February and No. 86 Squadron in March No. 78 Squadron was formed in July and No. 80 Squadron in September . Commanded by Squadron Leader Stanley Galton , No. 82 Squadron 's original complement was 279 , including fifteen officers . It was to have been equipped wholly with P 40M Kittyhawks but initially included a flight of Bell P 39 Airacobras . No. 82 Squadron conducted training at Bankstown until April 1944 , when personnel briefly moved to Hughes Airfield in the Northern Territory , before being redeployed to Townsville , Queensland , for further training . The squadron transferred to Port Moresby , New Guinea , at the end of August 1944 and then on to Noemfoor Island in mid September , where it joined Nos. 76 and 77 Squadrons as part of No. 81 Wing under No. 10 Operational Group ( later the Australian First Tactical Air Force ) . Three of No. 82 Squadron 's Kittyhawks crashed due to engine trouble while staging through Nadzab and Tadji . Operating from unk strip , the squadron flew its first combat mission on 30 September , bombing unk airstrip with aircraft from No. 77 Squadron . On 18 October , one aircraft was lost to ground fire during an attack on Kai Island , while another was reported missing . No. 82 Squadron found it difficult to remain operational as most of its ground crew remained in Townsville until moving forward the following month in the meantime , the pilots took responsibility for arming and refuelling their aircraft . On 23 November , they dive bombed Japanese airfields on Halmahera with aircraft of No. 76 Squadron . No. 82 Squadron continued to conduct ground attack missions in New Guinea until March 1945 , when it relocated to Morotai Island in the Netherlands East Indies ( NEI ) . From Morotai , the squadron conducted ground attack missions in the NEI and escorted Allied convoys carrying troops bound for the liberation of Borneo . The relegation of First Tactical Air Force to areas of operation bypassed by the main Allied thrust towards the Philippines and Japan led to poor morale , culminating in the so called Morotai Mutiny of April 1945 . Squadron Leader Bert Grace , commanding officer of No. 82 Squadron , was among eight senior pilots who tended their resignations in protest at what they saw as the waste of resources on targets of dubious military value . The officers were persuaded to continue on operations , and Grace oversaw the squadron 's move to Labuan island in June as part of Operation Oboe Six , the invasion of North Borneo . The Kittyhawks flew in support of Australian Army units until the end of the war . On one such mission on 8 August 1945 , No. 82 Squadron made a 900 mile ( 1 , 400 km ) round trip to attack targets around Kuching in Sarawak . During the first strike two Japanese aircraft were destroyed as they were taking off from the airstrip , while a transport was also destroyed and two more were damaged . The fighters then attacked several barges near Kuching Town and on the Sarawak River . Fourteen members of the squadron were killed on operations during the war . Occupation of Japan Shortly after the end of the war , No. 82 Squadron was selected to join the British Commonwealth Occupation Force ( BCOF ) in Japan . It re equipped with North American P 51D Mustang fighters between 12 September and 11 January 1946 , losing two aircraft to accidents in the process . The squadron deployed to Bofu , a former kamikaze base , during 13 18 March 1946 , once again as part of No. 81 Wing with Nos. 76 and 77 Squadrons Nos. 381 and 481 Squadrons provided logistics and maintenance support , respectively . No. 82 Squadron lost three of its twenty eight Mustangs , along with an escorting de Havilland Mosquito , in bad weather en route to Bofu , killing all crew members . From April 1946 , the squadron conducted surveillance patrols over Japan as well as participating in routine exercises and flypasts . The Australians found that , far from offering resistance , the Japanese went out of their way to be accommodating . No. 82 Squadron 's commanding officer , Squadron Leader Graham Falconer , remarked following a dinner with Bofu 's mayor , I felt that we were being treated more as visitors than as an occupying force No. 81 Wing transferred to Iwakuni in April 1948 , the same month that the Federal government determined to reduce Australia 's contribution to BCOF . As part of this reduction , Nos. 76 and 82 Squadrons were slated for disbandment , leaving No. 77 Squadron as the sole RAAF fighter unit in the country . No. 82 Squadron conducted further training and exercises until September , and was disbanded at Iwakuni on 29 October 1948 .
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3,256 | Baseball and Bloomers , also known as Baseball in Bloomers , is a 1911 American silent short sports film produced by the Thanhouser Company . The film stars William Garwood and is the debut of Marguerite Snow . The film focuses on a female seminary which organizes a baseball club and challenges another school to a game . The boys accept to the game with amusement and find that the women are not good at baseball . Two Harvard University baseball stars join the ranks of the girls in disguise and defeat the boys team . The script may have been written by Lloyd Lonergan and the film may have been directed by Barry O 'Neil or Lucius J. Henderson . The film was released on January 6 , 1911 and it received positive reviews . The film is presumed lost . Plot Though the film is presumed lost , a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from January 7 , 1911 . It states , Miss Street 's Seminary for Girls has a very ambitious class of pupils . The young athletes , not content with basketball and tennis , aspire to shine in the great American game , and organize a baseball club . They are so satisfied with themselves that they finally send a challenge to Adair College , which has a crowd of husky young athletes in a club that thinks it amounts to something . When the challenge is received , the boys are first angry , then amused . They decide to accept it , to have fun with the girls . The young women , after some practice , realize that their team , while it may be pretty to look at , is of little real use on the diamond . And the prospect makes them weep . Fortunately for the girls , Jack , the brother of the president , arrives from Harvard . His chum , Jim , is with him . These two young men are baseball stars themselves , and when they are told of the predicament of the girls , they unk offer to help them out . The university men disguise themselves as girls , act as battery for the young women , and the college boys , who had looked for a laughable victory , are mowed down , inning after inning , because of the work of pitcher Jack and catcher Jim . The other members of the ' girl ' team have nothing to do except look pretty . When the boy athletes have retired from the field vanquished , the girls reward their battery with one kiss only one from each of the other seven players . Cast William Garwood Marguerite Snow Production The writer of the scenario was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . He was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . The film director may have been Barry O 'Neil or Lucius J. Henderson . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions though cameramen employed by the company during this era included Blair Smith , Alfred H. Moses , Jr. and Carl Louis Gregory . The other cast credits are unknown , but many Thanhouser productions are fragmentary . In late 1910 , the Thanhouser company released a list of the important personalities in their films . The list includes G.W. Abbe , Justus D. Barnes , Frank H. Crane , Irene Crane , Marie Eline , Violet Heming , Martin J. Faust , Thomas Fortune , George Middleton , Grace Moore , John W. Noble , Anna Rosemond , and Mrs. George Walters . This film is important for being the debut of Marguerite Snow , who would become one of the most important actresses for the company . In an interview by Johnson Briscoe , Snow said that her career as an actress was an accidental one . A girl friend of hers suggested she come to the studio to see how motion pictures are made . There at the studio , Edwin Thanhouser asked her if she wanted to be in the film . Snow accepted and she took part in the production until the director asked them to go outside to shoot another scene . Snow then protested about going outside in such a costume and in winter and proceeded home . A week later she received a phone call and ended up working for six more months before temporarily returning to the stage . Another baseball related film would be released later that year by the Thanhouser Company , The Baseball Bug . Release and reception The single reel comedy , approximately 1 , 000 feet long , was released on January 6 , 1911 . The film had a wide national release advertising theaters are known in Indiana , North Carolina , South Dakota , Iowa , Pennsylvania , and Texas . In Arizona , the film would be advertised by one theatre as Baseball Bloomers and it appears to also have been the case in another Kansas theater . The film would also be shown in Hawaii in August 1912 . The New York Dramatic Mirror gave a brief summary and review of the film and gave minor praise for the production . The reviewer wrote , The details of this comedy are well worked out , and it is good for a portion of genuine laughs . The girls of Miss Street 's Seminary become so elated over their success in the gymnasium that they feel impelled to branch out , and accordingly they challenge the boys of Adair College to a game of ball . At the last moment the girls feel like backing out , when two of Cornell 's star baseball players arrive in town . They agree to pitch and catch for the girls , who give them bloomers and rats from their hair for disguise . At the eighth inning the score was 0 to 0 . By the ninth it was 0 to 2 , in favor of Miss Street 's Seminary for Girls . The nine girls then showed their gratitude by giving the pitcher and catcher a round of kisses , while the Adair College boys stood off at a respectful distance . The actors were equal to the occasion . The Billboard affirmed by stating , Thanhouser producers have again placed a picture of originality on the market in Baseball and Bloomers . It is a farce pure and simple , but it offers many laughable situations . The acting is generally good , but in a few instances scenes were overacted .
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3,257 | Pennsylvania Route 106 ( PA 106 ) is a 20 . 69 mile long ( 33 . 30 km ) state highway located in both Susquehanna and Lackawanna counties in Pennsylvania . Route 106 begins at a fork from U.S. Route 11 ( US 11 ) in the community of Kingsley . The route heads southeasterly for most of its length , interchanging with Interstate 81 ( I 81 ) in Lenox Township . PA 106 continues into the city of Carbondale , where the designation terminates at US 6 Business ( US 6 Bus . , North Main Street ) , the former alignment of US 6 through Carbondale . PA 106 is one of five portions of the original U.S. Route 106 ( US 106 ) , a spur of US 6 through Pennsylvania . US 106 went from US 6 in Wyalusing to the New York state line in Damascus Township along current day PA 652 . The designation was eliminated in 1972 and replaced by PA 106 from Kingsley to Carbondale , PA 652 from Indian Orchard to Darbytown and PA 706 from Wyalusing to Nichols . Route description Susquehanna County PA 106 begins at an intersection with US 11 in the community of Kingsley , Pennsylvania . The route heads to the southeast , paralleling US 11 through forestry until the intersection with Jeffers Road , where it turns away from US 11 and enters fields . The route makes several curves to the southeast and east , crossing through several large fields and industries . The route keeps turning to the southeast , re entering the deep woods and passing a large pond near West Lenox . In West Lenox , PA 106 passes through forestry and residences until leaving the community for more forestry . After paralleling Creek Road for a distance , PA 106 enters the small community of Lenox , where the highway intersects PA 92 near some industry . A short distance later , the highway interchanges with I 81 at Interchange 211 . After I 81 , PA 106 continues paralleling the interstate through forestry . The highway continues eastward , paralleling Stone Road into East Lenox , Pennsylvania . After crossing from East Lenox , PA 106 continues southeastward through fields and soon into a region of residences . The southeastern stretch continues for several miles into the community of West Clifford . There , PA 106 passes some homes and intersects with PA 374 . The two designations become concurrent , paralleling the alignment of the Milford and Owego Turnpike Road through West Clifford . PA 106 and PA 374 head southward and soon turn southwestward through forestry , until clearing into the community of Royal . In the small community , PA 106 and PA 374 fork , with PA 374 heading southwestward to Glenwood and PA 106 heading southeastward through Royal . PA 106 continues further , entering deep woods once again after leaving Royal . At the intersection with Cemetery Road , the highway enters a large cemetery and into Clifford . There , the route crosses through a large residential and commercial community , intersecting with State Route 2008 ( SR 2008 ) . The route continues southeastward through the residential area before crossing the county line into Lackawanna County . Lackawanna County After crossing into Lackawanna County , PA 106 continues on a southeastern trend , crossing through homes before returning to the deep forestry in Greenfield Township . The route continues further , passing through a lumber yard , where it turns southward and further southeastward into the community of Finch Hill . In Finch Hill , PA 106 passes Our Mother of Sorrows Cemetery and intersects with PA 247 ( Lakeland Drive ) in the center of the town . After PA 247 , PA 106 passes through a small residential district before reaching the Homestead Golf Course . The route passes along the southern side of the golf course and turns eastward after passing to the north of unk unk Park . After leaving the golf course behind , PA 106 makes a gradual turn to the southeast at Crystal Lake Road . There , the highway becomes known as Fall Brook Road , and turns southward through forestry . At the intersection with 43rd Street , PA 106 enters the city of Carbondale . The route , known now as Fallbrook Street , continues on a southeastern trend , entering a large residential district north of the business district . At the intersection with unk Street , it turns southward again , paralleling a nearby river . At the intersection with River Street , PA 106 turns eastward along Salem Avenue , crosses the river and intersects with US 6 Bus . ( North Main Street ) in Carbondale . At that intersection , the PA 106 designation terminates while Salem Avenue continues as SR 1019 through Carbondale . History PA 106 was originally an alignment of PA 47 designated in 1927 . This alignment stretched from US 11 in Kingsley to the intersection with US 6 in Carbondale . In the plan for the U.S. Highway System from November 11 , 1926 , the road between Wyalusing and Carbondale was to be a part of US 6 while US 106 was to run from US 6 in Wyalusing to the New York border at the Delaware River in Narrowsburg via Scranton . By 1928 , US 6 and US 106 switched alignments between Wyalusing and Carbondale . The piece of US 106 that is now PA 106 began in the community of Kingsley and went to the city of Carbondale . The route remained intact for almost 45 years . On December 3 , 1971 , the American Association of State Highway Officials approved the elimination of the US 106 designation . On March 14 , 1972 , US 106 was decommissioned and replaced with PA 706 between US 6 in Wyalusing and US 11 south of New Milford , PA 106 between US 11 in Kingsley and US 6 in Carbondale , and PA 652 between US 6 in Indian Orchard and the Delaware River . The remainder of the route was removed from concurrencies with US 11 between south of New Milford and Kingsley and US 6 between Carbondale and Indian Orchard . Signs were changed by April of that year . Major intersections
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3,258 | When Christmas Comes is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her second Christmas album thirteenth studio album , Merry Christmas II You ( 2010 ) . Carey wrote and produced the song in collaboration with James Poyser . A soul song with an influence of R B , the lyrics are about giving the gift of love . In November 2011 , Carey re recorded the song as duet with John Legend , which was later released as a single . Both versions of the track were a hit in South Korea , with the duet debuting at number one with sales in excess of 80 , 000 copies . The song 's accompanying music video features Carey and Legend at a hosting a Christmas house party . It has been performed by Carey at her ABC 2010 Christmas special and during her 2014 Beacon Theatre residency All I Want For Christmas Is You , A Night of Joy Festivity in December 2014 . Background and composition When Christmas Comes was written and produced by Mariah Carey and James Poyser for the former 's second Christmas album thirteenth studio album , Merry Christmas II You ( 2010 ) . Her vocals were recorded by Brian Garten at Guardian Angel Studios in Bel Air , Westlake Recording Studios and Hensons Studios , both located in Los Angeles , and Germano Studios in New York City . Carey performed her own background vocals along with Melonie Daniels , Sharlotte Gibson and Nicki Richards . The music for the song was recorded by Garten and Kevin Guarnieri Alex Evans played the drums , while John unk Smith played the guitar . On November 7 , 2011 , Carey revealed that she would be releasing When Christmas Comes as a duet with John Legend . The duet was released in the United States on November 21 and the United Kingdom on November 28 . It as an R B influenced soul song with a simple groove that lasts for a duration of four minutes and forty six seconds . The single release version with Legend lasts for additional second . The instrumental consists of horns , including the trumpet performed by Rick Baptist and Greg Adams , and the trombone by Nick Lane . Other brass instruments include Dan Higgins on the sax and flute . In addition to being a producer , Poyser performs the keyboard . Lyrically , the song is about giving the gift of love , as Carey and Legend harmonize the lyrics And me and you gon ' have ourselves a holiday And we don 't need nobody else to celebrate And we 're gon ' kiss our worries and our cares away I can 't wait Because this Christmas time , get together It 's gonna be so nice , better than ever And baby you re the one , special treasure . Prior to the final chorus , the pair freelance the a portion of the lyrics from Jingle Bells . As noted by Scott Shelter of PopCrush , listeners are treated to notes from the upper reaches of Mariah s five octave range , which she rarely shows off anymore . In an interview for Vevo , Carey stated that she felt that Legend was the perfect choice to re create the song as a duet with , and that his soulful creative decisions took it up several notches . Critical reception Mike Diver for BBC was complimentary of When Christmas Comes , writing although the effect is less instant compared to the first single , Oh Santa , it fits in well with the rest of the album and is perfectly formed . The Village Voice writer Rich Juzwiak thought that the use of a full band was a retread of the songs Carey recorded for her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Of the duet , Shelter described it as sultry , awarded it four stars out of a possible five , and labelled it as being superior to the original version with vocals solely by Carey included on the album . Commercial performance The original version of When Christmas Comes peaked at number seven on both the South Korea International Digital Singles chart and Download Singles chart , respectively , on November 20 , 2010 . The single version with Legend debuted at number one on South Korean Download chart on November 27 , 2011 , with sales of 81 , 624 . The following week , it fell to number eight with 32 , 952 copes sold . It sold a further 18 , 947 and 13 , 339 copies in its third and fourth weeks , respectively . Despite debuting atop Download chart with 81 , 624 copies sold , it peaked at number two on the Digital chart . In the United States , the duet debuted at number twenty five on the Adult R B Songs chart , and climbed to number seventeen the following week . It dropped one position to number eighteen in its third week , but resurged to a peak of number fifteen the week after on January 7 , 2012 . When Christmas Comes debuted at number seventy on the Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart , becoming the Hot Shot Debut for the week dated December 17 , 2011 , and the first song from Merry Christmas II You to enter the chart . It is Carey 's fifty third entry overall . The track peaked at number fifty seven on the Japan Hot 100 in 2012 . Promotion An accompanying music video directed by Sanaa Hamri for When Christmas Comes was filmed at Carey 's Los Angeles home and features Carey and Legend throwing a celebratory Christmas house party , which includes a cameo by Nick Cannon . It features footage from the film A Charlie Brown Christmas . On November 15 , Carey posted images of the video shoot on her website , one of which shows the two singers sitting at piano . It premiered on December 13 , 2011 . Carey has performed the track live on her ABC Christmas Special in December 2010 , and at her Beacon Theatre residency called All I Want For Christmas Is You , A Night of Joy Festivity in December 2014 . Track listings Digital download ( 2010 album version ) When Christmas Comes 4 46 Digital download ( 2011 single release ) When Christmas Comes with John Legend 4 45 Charts Release history
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3,259 | Yamsay Mountain is a large shield volcano in the Cascade Range of south central Oregon , located about 35 miles ( 56 km ) east of Crater Lake on the border between Klamath County and Lake County . It is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc but is located in a mountain range 30 to 50 miles ( 50 to 80 km ) behind the main Cascade volcanic front . The best known members of this enigmatic arc are the massive shields of Newberry Volcano , about 55 miles ( 89 km ) farther north in Oregon , and Medicine Lake Volcano , about 80 miles ( 130 km ) south in Northern California . Yamsay is the highest volcano in the eastern arc , almost 300 feet ( 90 m ) higher than Newberry and Medicine Lake . A central part of Klamath mythology , the mountain offers activities such as hiking and horseback riding . Historically , the area around it has been inhabited by Native American tribes and settlers . Until the 1970s , a fire lookout tower sat on the summit of the mountain , and its foundation remains to this day . Life in the Cascades is quite diverse . The western half of the range features lush vegetation , and the eastern portion is drier . The range supports many animals , including both endemic and endangered species . Geography and geology Like other volcanoes in the Cascades Range , Yamsay was produced by subduction of the oceanic Juan de Fuca Plate under the North American Plate . Annual convergence between the two continues at a rate of 1 . 6 inches ( 4 cm ) per year . The Cascades make up the majority of the North American West Coast volcanoes they have been volcanically active for about 36 million years . The rock making up the Cascades is slightly older , dated between 55 and 42 million years old . In an attempt to organize the volcanoes by age , scientists typically divide them into two provinces the High Cascades the younger volcanoes and the Western Cascades , comprising the older volcanoes . Yamsay , along with the Simcoe volcanic complex , Medicine Lake Highlands , and Newberry Volcano , make up a wayward range of shield volcanoes between 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) and 60 kilometres ( 37 mi ) east of the main Cascade Range . Volcanism at these centers is unlike other eruptions in the Cascades , and it does not stem from fissures as would Basin and Range volcanism . The volcanoes appear to be isolated from the major volcanic ranges in the Northwestern United States , although scientists group them as part of the Cascades . Recent volcanism in the Cascades , lasting from 7 to 2 mya , produced largely basaltic and basaltic andesite based material ( up to 50 percent ) . On the eastern side of the High Cascades , however , volcanoes erupted dacite , andesite , and rhyolite . These materials made up several types of eruptions lava flows , domes , and pyroclastic flows . In the most recent volcanic activity , andesite , basalt , and rhyolite have been erupted from High Cascades volcanoes , particularly the Three Sisters , Broken Top , Mount Hood , Mount Jefferson , and Crater Lake . History The name Yamsay is a corruption of the Klamath ( a Native American tribe of Southern Oregon ) name unk , a form of unk , meaning north wind . This mountain was supposed to be the home of unk , the supreme being of Klamath mythology . Historically , the area by the mountain was inhabited by Klamath , Modoc , and unk Bands , all of the Snake Paiute people . The unk lived east of Yamsay Mountain , near modern day Lakeview . Their group inhabited 22 million acres ( 89 , 000 km2 ) of land in Oregon and California . Traders entered the area at some point between 1825 and 1827 , where they worked as trappers for the Hudson 's Bay Company . After routes opened up in 1846 , Fort Klamath was built ( in 1863 ) . The city of Klamath Falls ( southeast of Yamsay ) sprang up in the 1920s and featured the fastest growing population in Oregon . Contributors to this new growth and development included the creation of the Southern Pacific Railroad , completed in 1909 . This opened the area for logging and timber business , which became the focus of the profit of the area . The mountain features a United States Forest Service fire lookout tower with an 80 foot ( 24 m ) steel tower , built on the summit of Yamsay in 1929 . It was removed after the 1970s , and only remnants of the foundation remain today . A dirt road was built to the summit to service the lookout , but this was abandoned after the tower was removed . The upper 3 . 5 miles ( 5 . 6 km ) now form a hiking trail to the summit . Climate and ecology The Cascade Range is dramatically different in climate from west to east . The west side is heavily forested and features trees such as Douglas firs , western hemlock , Pacific silver firs , and Alaska yellow cedars . East of the Cascades , where Yamsay lies , the climate becomes much drier , even arid . Precipitation significantly declines and vegetation becomes more sparse , with lodgepole pine , white fir , ponderosa pine , and juniper . To the south , chaparral plants such as unk and bitterbrush prevail . Diverse life exists within the range , including endangered species like Larch Mountain Salamanders and spotted owls . Amphibians like salamanders and frogs are common , as are birds . Mammals in the area consist of elk , mountain lions , deer , and black bears . Eastern Cascades fish include Lost River suckers and short suckers , which are both endemic species . Recreation The Fremont National Recreation Trail passes through the area . It offers tourists excellent views of other Oregon Cascades landmarks , such as Mount Bachelor , Mount Shasta , the Three Sisters , and Mount Thielsen . Other activities along the trail include hiking and horseback riding up the mountain from the recreation area located at an elevation between 6 , 500 and 8 , 196 feet ( 1 , 981 and 2 , 498 m ) .
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3,260 | Pennsylvania Route 332 ( PA 332 ) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania . The route runs 17 . 5 miles ( 28 . 2 km ) from PA 263 in Hatboro , Montgomery County east to PA 32 in Yardley , Bucks County . PA 332 runs through suburban areas to the north of Philadelphia , serving Warminster , Ivyland , Richboro , and Newtown . The route is two lanes wide most of its length , with the bypass around Newtown a four lane divided highway . PA 332 intersects PA 132 in Warminster , PA 232 in Richboro , PA 413 and PA 532 in Newtown ( all three run concurrently on the Newtown Bypass ) , and Interstate 95 ( I 95 ) in Lower Makefield Township . What would become PA 332 between Newtown and Yardley was designated part of Legislative Route 252 in 1911 . PA 332 was created in 1928 to run from PA 263 in Hatboro east to Ivyland with the road between Newtown and Yardley designated as part of PA 532 . By 1940 , PA 332 was extended to PA 113 in Newtown . The route was extended to Yardley by 1947 , replacing PA 532 . PA 332 was routed to bypass Newtown in 1991 when the eastern portion of the Newtown Bypass was completed . Route description PA 332 begins at an intersection with PA 263 ( York Road ) in Hatboro , Montgomery County , heading east on Montgomery Avenue , a two lane undivided roadway . The road passes through residential areas , crossing SEPTA 's Warminster Line . Immediately after crossing the railroad tracks , the route turns northeast on Jacksonville Road and runs through industrial areas with some homes . PA 332 intersects County Line Road and it enters Warminster Township in Bucks County , passing between the Warminster train station to the west and the neighborhood of Warminster Heights to the east . The route widens to four lanes and intersects PA 132 as it continues near industrial parks . The road narrows back to two lanes past the unk Boulevard intersection and enters Ivyland , heading past homes . The route becomes the border between Ivyland to the northwest and Warminster Township to the southeast prior to crossing Bristol Road into Northampton Township . PA 332 continues between industrial areas to the northwest and residential areas to the southeast , reaching an intersection with Almshouse Road . PA 332 turns southeast onto Almshouse Road and runs through a mix of farm fields and residences . Past the Hatboro Road intersection , the road curves to the east and gains a center left turn lane , heading into Richboro . In Richboro , the route passes through business areas and intersects PA 232 . Upon crossing PA 232 , PA 332 changes its name to Newtown Richboro Road and continues past more homes as a two lane road . The road forms the southern boundary of Tyler State Park , running between areas of fields and woods in the park to the north and residential subdivisions to the south . The route curves northeast and then east before crossing the Neshaminy Creek into Newtown Township . In this area , the road briefly widens into a divided highway before it comes to an intersection with PA 413 and PA 532 at the Newtown Bypass , a road that provides a bypass of the borough of Newtown . At this point , PA 332 turns south on the four lane divided Newtown Bypass , forming a concurrency with PA 413 and PA 532 . The road heads through wooded areas with nearby residential development , with PA 532 splitting southwest onto Buck Road toward Holland . PA 332 and PA 413 curve east and come to a bridge over the abandoned Fox Chase Newtown railroad line , with PA 413 turning south onto Newtown Langhorne Road toward Langhorne . PA 332 continues east near residential and commercial development a short distance to the north of the border between Newtown Township and Middletown Township . The road curves to the northeast before turning east past the intersection with Newtown Yardley Road . Upon intersecting unk Road , the route enters Lower Makefield Township and becomes Newtown Yardley Road . It passes through farmland before heading north of an office park and reaching an interchange with I 95 . Following this interchange , PA 332 becomes a two lane undivided road and enters residential areas . The route turns northeast onto Yardley Langhorne Road and crosses into Yardley , where it is known as Afton Avenue . The road heads into the downtown area and crosses the Delaware Canal . PA 332 comes to its eastern terminus at an intersection with PA 32 , which runs along the Delaware River . History What would become PA 332 between Newtown and Yardley was designated as part of Legislative Route 252 in 1911 , which continued southeast from Yardley to Morrisville . In 1928 , PA 332 was designated to run from PA 263 in Hatboro east to Ivyland , with the portion of road between Newtown and Yardley designated as part of PA 532 . Between Ivyland and Newtown , the road remained an unnumbered road that was paved with the exception of a portion west of Newtown . PA 332 was extended east to end at PA 113 ( State Street ) in Newtown by 1940 , with the entire route paved by that time . PA 332 entered Newtown from the west on Newtown Richboro Road . By 1947 , PA 332 was extended east to Yardley , replacing that portion of PA 532 . The route continued north from its previous eastern terminus on PA 413 ( former PA 113 , State Street ) before turning east on Washington Street and leaving Newtown on Newtown Yardley Road . The portion of the Newtown Bypass carrying PA 332 west of PA 413 ( Newtown Langhorne Road ) was completed as part of a western bypass of Newtown for PA 413 in 1977 . In September 1989 , construction began to extend the Newtown Bypass east to the interchange between PA 332 and I 95 . Construction on this bypass was completed in November 1991 at a cost of 16 . 6 million . With the completion of this bypass , PA 332 was routed to bypass Newtown . Major intersections
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3,261 | The Par class monitors were a group of six wooden hulled ironclads named after Brazilian states and built in Brazil for the Brazilian Navy during the Paraguayan War in the late 1860s . The first three ships finished , Par , Alagoas and Rio Grande , participated in the Passagem de Humait in February 1868 . Afterwards the remaining ships joined the first three and they all provided fire support for the army for the rest of the war . The ships were split between the newly formed Upper Uruguay ( Portuguese Alto Uruguai ) and Mato Grosso Flotillas after the war . Alagoas was transferred to Rio de Janeiro in the 1890s and participated in the Fleet Revolt of 1893 94 . Design and description The Par class river monitors were designed to meet the need of the Brazilian Navy for small , shallow draft armored ships capable of withstanding heavy fire during the Paraguayan War , which saw Argentina and Brazil allied against Paraguay . The two foreign built river monitors already in service drew enough water that they could not operate on the shallower rivers in Paraguay . The monitor configuration was chosen as a turreted design did not have the same problems engaging enemy ships and fortifications as did the casemate ironclads already in Brazilian service . The oblong gun turret sat on a circular platform that had a central pivot . It was rotated by four men via a system of gears 2 . 25 minutes were required for a full 360 rotation . A bronze ram was fitted to these ships as well . The hull was sheathed with Muntz metal to reduce biofouling . The ships measured 39 meters ( 127 ft 11 in ) long overall , with a beam of 8 . 54 meters ( 28 ft 0 in ) . They had a draft between of 1 . 51 1 . 54 meters ( 4 ft 11 in 5 ft 1 in ) and displaced 500 metric tons ( 490 long tons ) . With only 0 . 3 meters ( 1 ft 0 in ) of freeboard they had to be towed between Rio de Janeiro and their area of operations . Their crew numbered 43 officers and men . Propulsion The Par class ships had two direct acting steam engines , each driving a single 1 . 3 meter ( 4 ft 3 in ) propeller . Their engines were powered by two tubular boilers at a working pressure of 59 psi ( 407 kPa 4 kgf cm2 ) . The engines produced a total of 180 indicated horsepower ( 130 kW ) which gave the monitors a maximum speed of 8 knots ( 15 km h 9 . 2 mph ) in calm waters . The ships carried enough coal for one day 's steaming . Armament The first three ships carried a single 70 pounder Whitworth rifled muzzle loader ( RML ) in their gun turret , but the last three ships substituted a 120 pounder Whitworth RML . The 70 pdr gun had a maximum elevation of 15 , but the larger gun 's elevation was reduced because of its longer barrel . Both guns had a similar maximum range of 5 , 540 meters ( 6 , 060 yd ) . The 70 pdr gun weighed 8 , 582 pounds ( 3 , 892 . 7 kg ) and fired a 5 . 5 inch ( 140 mm ) shell that weighed 81 pounds ( 36 . 7 kg ) . The 7 inch ( 178 mm ) shell of the 120 pdr gun weighed 151 pounds ( 68 . 5 kg ) while the gun itself weighed 16 , 660 pounds ( 7 , 556 . 8 kg ) . Most unusually the guns ' Brazilian designed iron carriage was designed to pivot vertically at the muzzle this was done to minimize the size of the gunport through which splinters and shells could enter . Armor The hull of the Par class ships was made from three layers of wood that alternated in orientation . It was 457 millimeters ( 18 . 0 in ) thick and was capped with a 102 millimeter ( 4 in ) layer of peroba hardwood . The ships had a complete wrought iron waterline belt , 0 . 91 meters ( 3 . 0 ft ) high . It had a maximum thickness of 102 millimeters amidships , decreasing to 76 millimeters ( 3 in ) and 51 millimeters ( 2 in ) at the ship 's ends . The curved deck was armored with 12 . 7 millimeters ( 0 . 5 in ) of wrought iron . The gun turret was shaped like a rectangle with rounded corners . It was built much like the hull , but the front of the turret was protected by 152 millimeters ( 6 in ) of armor , the sides by 102 millimeters and the rear by 76 millimeters . Its roof and the exposed portions of the platform it rested upon were protected by 12 . 7 millimeters of armor . The armored pilothouse was positioned ahead of the turret . Construction Service The first three ships finished , Par , Alagoas and Rio Grande , participated in the Passagem de Humait on 19 February 1868 . For the engagement the three river monitors were lashed to the larger ironclads in case any engines were disabled by the Paraguayan guns . Barroso led with Rio Grande , followed by Bahia with Alagoas and Tamandar with Par . Both Alagoas , which had taken an estimated 200 hits , and Par had to be beached after passing the fortress to prevent them from sinking . Alagoas was under repair at So Jos do Cerrito until mid March , although Par joined a squadron to capture the town of unk on 27 February . Rio Grande continued upstream with the other undamaged ships and they bombarded Asuncin on 24 February with little effect . On 23 March Rio Grande and Barroso sank the unk steamer Igurey and both ships were boarded by Paraguayan soldiers on the evening of 9 July , although they managed to repel the boarders . For the rest of the war the river monitors bombarded Paraguayan positions and artillery batteries in support of the army , notably at Angostura , Timb and along the Tebicuary and Manduvir Rivers . After the war the ships were divided between the newly formed Upper Uruguay and Mato Grosso Flotillas . Alagoas was transferred to Rio de Janeiro in the 1890s and participated in the Fleet Revolt of 1893 94 . The ships were disposed of during the last two decades of the 19th century , although Rio Grande was docked for reconstruction in 1899 . However , the work was never completed and she was eventually scrapped in 1907 .
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3,262 | No. 482 Squadron was a maintenance unit of the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) . It was formed in May 1942 as No. 4 Repair and Salvage Unit , renamed No. 4 Repair and Servicing Unit in January 1945 and re formed as No. 482 ( Maintenance ) Squadron in May 1946 . The squadron then became a component of No. 82 ( Bomber ) Wing at RAAF Station Amberley , Queensland . Over the years it serviced the wing 's Consolidated B 24 Liberators , Avro Lincolns , English Electric Canberras , McDonnell Douglas F 4E Phantoms , and General Dynamics F 111Cs . No. 482 Squadron merged with No. 3 Aircraft Depot to form No. 501 Wing in March 1992 . No. 501 Wing continued to provide maintenance and logistics support for the F 111Cs at Amberley until disbanding in 2001 . History No. 4 Repair and Salvage Unit ( RSU ) was formed at RAAF Station Laverton , Victoria , on 18 May 1942 . Its inaugural commanding officer , from 1 June , was acting Flight Lieutenant unk Relf . On 20 October , it commenced a move to Pell Airfield , Northern Territory , becoming operational on 26 December . Coming under the control of North Western Area Command ( NWA ) , No. 4 RSU was responsible for salvaging damaged aircraft , which it subsequently repaired or dismantled for spare parts . By December 1943 , its strength was over 500 officers and men . It was renamed No. 4 Repair and Servicing Unit on 1 January 1945 , and re located to Winnellie , Northern Territory , on 11 May . As the war in the Pacific moved northward , No. 4 RSU 's strength was reduced by August it was under 400 , including 11 officers . On 15 December 1945 , it moved to RAAF Station Parkes , New South Wales . The unit re located from Parkes to RAAF Station Amberley , Queensland , on 15 April 1946 . No. 4 RSU re formed as No. 482 ( Maintenance ) Squadron on 10 May 1946 . Commanded by Squadron Leader J.E. Jackson , it became a component of No. 82 ( Bomber ) Wing . The squadron 's motto was unk . No. 82 Wing 's flying complement included Nos. 12 , 21 , and 23 Squadrons , but these were renumbered Nos. 1 , 2 and 6 Squadrons respectively in February 1948 . At the same time , the wing 's Consolidated B 24 Liberator heavy bombers were replaced by Avro Lincolns . During 1949 50 , some of the Lincolns were specially modified with advanced radar and other instrumentation to participate in Operation Cumulative , a joint program with the Royal Air Force gathering long range navigation and bombing data for use in potential air campaigns against the Soviet Union . No. 482 Squadron faced a critical shortage of Merlin engines in mid 1950 , but the situation improved the next year . In October 1950 , No. 482 Squadron personnel undertook airframe and Avon engine courses in preparation for the introduction of the recently ordered English Electric Canberra jet bomber , forty eight of which began re equipping No. 82 Wing 's flying squadrons in December 1953 . During the 1950s and 60s , No. 482 Squadron provided ground support for exercises involving the Canberras in Darwin and New Guinea , and for ceremonial occasions including several royal visits . In April 1968 , No. 1 Operational Conversion Unit ( OCU ) , responsible for converting aircrew to the Canberra , was made independent of No. 82 Wing to concentrate on providing crews for No. 2 Squadron , which was on active duty in the Vietnam War . Maintenance responsibilities for the Canberras then transferred from No. 482 Squadron to No. 1 OCU , along with relevant staff and equipment . Between 1970 and 1973 , as an interim measure pending the long delayed delivery of the General Dynamics F 111C swing wing bomber , No. 82 Wing operated leased McDonnell Douglas F 4E Phantoms . They were maintained by No. 482 Squadron in conjunction with No. 3 Aircraft Depot as well as routine servicing , the units modified the Phantoms ' AN APQ 120 radars during early 1971 . No. 482 Squadron 's hangar , electronics , and training facilities had been upgraded in the late 1960s in anticipation of the arrival of the F 111 the unit 's main hangar became known as the Taj Mahal . By 1973 , the year the F 111 finally entered service , No. 482 Squadron had a strength of over 700 . Borrowing a concept from the United States Air Force , the RAAF employed a centralised servicing regime , whereby all aircraft and maintenance personnel were held by No. 482 Squadron , which serviced and released the F 111s in line with Nos. 1 and 6 Squadrons ' joint flying program . According to Air Marshal Errol McCormack , an F 111 pilot who rose to become Chief of the Air Staff , the system was a disaster that was doomed to failure owing to the relatively small size of the RAAF 's F 111 fleet . Responsibility for operational level servicing of the F 111s was transferred to the flying squadrons on 1 February 1981 . Under this arrangement , 200 personnel moved from No. 482 Squadron to Nos. 1 and 6 Squadrons , which for the first time took direct control of their F 111s . No. 482 Squadron continued to provide intermediate level servicing for the bombers , while major upgrades and complex maintenance involving stripping down the airframe and engines were carried out by No. 3 Aircraft Depot . No. 482 Squadron also operated the F 111 flight simulator . The squadron 's personnel deployed with the F 111s on exercises , and took part in investigations and recovery operations following accidents . On 17 March 1983 , Sir Ninian Stephen presented No. 482 Squadron with the Governor General 's Banner . No. 482 Squadron merged with No. 3 Aircraft Depot to form No. 501 Wing on 16 March 1992 . It became the largest unit in the RAAF , with a total strength of over 1 , 200 . No. 501 Wing continued to provide deep maintenance and logistics support for the F 111s at Amberley until 2001 , when Boeing Australia was awarded the maintenance contract .
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3,263 | I Luv This Shit ( clean version titled I Luv This ) is a song by American recording artist August Alsina . It features a guest appearance American rapper Trinidad James . It was released on February 19 , 2013 by Def Jam Recordings as the first single from Alsina 's debut EP Downtown Life Under the Gun ( 2013 ) , and was included on his first studio album , Testimony ( 2014 ) . I Luv This Shit is an R B song about partying with alcohol and drugs . Two remixes one featuring Birdman and another featuring Trey Songz and Chris Brown were released . The song was well received by music critics , and peaked at number fifty one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number fifteen on the Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart . It was promoted by a Motion Family directed music video and performances on The Wendy Williams Show , 106 Park and The Arsenio Hall Show . Background and composition I Luv This Shit was written by August Alsina , The Exclusives ( Sean unk and Ralph Jeanty ) , Samuel Irving III , Christine Massa , and Trinidad James and was produced by Knucklehead . It was recorded by unk and Cody unk at Goldie 's Playhouse and Zac Recording Studios in Atlanta , Georgia , and mixed by Jaycen Joshua with assistance from Trehy Harris at Larrabee Sound Studios , North Hollywood . Vocals were produced by The Exclusives . Knucklehead told Vibe in 2014 that he created the song 's beat and knew it would be successful , stating I just knew what Alsina 's voice was gonna do over my beat . And that beat didn 't sound like any thing else at the time that was out ... When I made the beat , I called him immediately after I finished it . After playing the beat to Alsina and The Exclusives , they recorded the song in one hour . It is an R B song instrumented by guitar , synthesizer , synth horns and a heavy bassline . The production was compared by Spin 's Brandon Soderberg to the work of The Dream . It revolves around about partying with alcohol and drugs with the central hook I love this shit , and references the vodka Ciroc , yet there is an element of sorrow to Alsina 's vocals . James ' verse contemplates human nature , according to Gregory Adams of Exclaim . I Luv This Shit was originally recorded for Alsina 's mixtape The Product 2 ( 2013 ) , and was included on his debut EP Downtown Life Under the Gun ( 2013 ) . It was also a bonus track on his first studio album , Testimony ( 2014 ) . Release I Luv This Shit was released as a digital download by Def Jam Recordings on February 19 , 2013 in Canada and the United States . A remix of the song , titled I Luv This Shit ( G Mix ) , was made available for streaming in May 2013 and features Birdman . The single impacted rhythmic contemporary radio in the United States on September 3 , 2013 . Trey Songz and Chris Brown appeared on another remix of I Luv This Shit it was released for digital download by Def Jam on October 4 , 2013 in the US . Songz and Brown wrote their verses of the remix . Alsina 's vocals for the remix were recorded by unk at Upper Class Studios , Atlanta . Songz ' vocals were recorded by Anthony Daniels at Premier Studios in New York City and Brown 's were recorded by Brian Springer at Glenwood Studios in Burbank , California . Reception AllMusic 's Andy Kellman picked I Luv This Shit as one of the best tracks from both Downtown and Testimony . Gregory Adams of Exclaim praised Alsina 's velvety vocal delivery on the song . Brandon Soderberg from Spin called it one of the more mazy and rewarding radio R B songs in quite some time , but was unimpressed with the Songz and Brown remix 's shift from partying to sexual intercourse , particularly the rewriting of the hook as She loves this shit or You love this shit . A panel of writers for Complex placed I Luv This Shit at number thirty three on its list of the 50 Best Songs of 2013 Claire Lobenfeld disapproved of James ' verse but lauded the quivering beauty of Alsina 's voice . At the 2014 BET Awards , I Luv This Shit won the award for Viewer 's Choice and was nominated for the award of Best Collaboration , losing to Drunk in Love by Beyonc and Jay Z. I Luv This Shit topped the Mainstream R B Hip Hop chart for two weeks in October 2013 , becoming the first R B artist to reach number one with a debut single since Jeremih with Birthday Sex in 2009 . On the main Hot R B Hip Hop Songs , it reached number fifteen , and peaked at number nineteen on the Rhythmic chart . It spent three weeks atop the US Heatseekers Songs in October and November 2013 , then peaked at number fifty one on the Billboard Hot 100 . On March 6 , 2014 the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) certified I Luv This Shit gold for shipping 500 , 000 copies . The certification was updated to platinum ( 1 , 000 , 000 ) on October 2 , 2014 . Music video and live performances The music video for I Luv This Shit was filmed in Atlanta in January 2013 and directed by Motion Family . Alsina sleeps with two women , then James delivers his verse while a woman dances next to him . At the end of the song Alsina and James go to a strip club , where the two women see each other and engage in an argument while Alsina laughs . Alsina performed I Luv This Shit on The Wendy Williams Show on October 28 , 2013 . For the New Year 's Eve 2013 special of 106 Park , titled 106 Party , he performed the remix of the song with Songz and the remix of Numb . On April 1 , 2014 Alsina was interviewed and performed a medley of Make It Home and I Luv This Shit on late night talk show The Arsenio Hall Show . At the 2014 BET Awards , Alsina performed Kissin ' on My Tattoos before transitioning into I Luv This Shit . Songz and Brown joined him and sang their verses of the remix . Songz finished the performance with Na Na . Charts
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3,264 | Landcruisin ' is a song by English musician Anup Paul , professionally known as A.K. Paul . It was released as his debut solo single on 24 March 2016 . Written and produced by Paul , it is an R B track backed by synths , guitars and percussion , whose sonority was likened to that of various artists . It is the first release of Paul Institute , a platform founded by A.K. Paul and his brother Jai Paul . The song premiered on Zane Lowe 's Beats 1 radio show before receiving digital , streaming , and 7 inch vinyl releases . Most music critics gave the song favorable reviews , comparing it to the works of Prince , D 'Angelo , and Miguel , saying it matched expectations . However , a minority of reviewers dismissed it as inferior to the works of Jai Paul . It managed to enter the Billboard Twitter Emerging Artists chart . Background A.K. Paul 's first single as a main performer was a 2014 collaboration with English singer Nao on the title track of her So Good EP . Until then , he had written and produced songs for other artists , including Next to Me by Emeli Sand and Flesh by Miguel . He was also involved in the recording of his brother Jai Paul 's two singles unk ( Demo ) and Jasmine . Journalists have characterised A.K. Paul as elusive and observed that until the release of Landcruisin ' , he has preferred hanging out in the shadows . Landcruisin ' was recorded at the Spicy Benefit Studio and The unk in London . A.K. Paul produced , engineered , mixed , and mastered the song , which features his songwriting , instrumentation , and programming . He is also responsible for the song 's sound design and effects . Composition Landcruisin ' was categorized by critics as an R B song . The song opens with the sound of horns and a motorbike engine , described by Connick as the perfect opening salvo , progressing into an ever changing sexy and slightly abrasive groove . Instrumentation is provided by synthesisers reminiscent of science fiction and Hong Kong action cinema , glam rock influenced guitars , and curiously evolving shuffle percussion , which includes what Aurora Mitchell of Spin described as a clacking pinball lever drum . Mitchell felt that Landcruisin ' sounded like the soundtrack to the opening scene of an action film . Tom Connick , writing for DIY , elaborated ( ... ) it s top speed , glitching electronics that drag everything along . Backed by unk swells of bass , it comes off like Hans Zimmer chucking his Inception soundtrack through a blender , A.K. lending his yearning vocal to give a human edge to all the razor edged sound . Critics have suggested affinities between Landcruisin ' and the works of other artists . Marc Hogan of Pitchfork considered D 'Angelo 's third studio album Black Messiah ( 2014 ) as an inspiration for the song Chris Kelly wrote in Fact that it reminds him of Miguel circa Art Dealer Chic . Additionally , Prince was frequently cited by journalists reviewing the track , as exemplified by unk contributor David Cornish analysing Landcruisin ' as a blockbuster soundscape characterised by overdrive riffs and lyrical tones resemblant of the aforementioned artist . Release and reception On 21 March 2016 , Pitchfork Media reported that Jai and A.K. Paul had created the Paul Institute . Although the nature of this project was not disclosed at the time , a press release revealed that it is a collaboration between the brothers , and artist Muz Azar , with the intent of also potentially introducing other artists . Devoid of information , its website prompted visitors to provide their country and telephone number in order to receive a unk which granted access to updates . DIY writer Tom Connick commented on the attention the project captured saying With little effort and even less output , Jai and A.K. Paul quickly built up the kind of mystique thousands of bedroom producers and their pricey publicists would kill for . Zane Lowe premiered Landcruisin ' three days later on his Beats 1 radio programme , where it was played three consecutive times he described it as Blade Runner pop . The song was made available that day for Paul Institute members through digital download and streaming , while public SoundCloud and iTunes releases were enabled on 25 March . A limited edition , autographed 7 vinyl record , exclusive to registered users of the Paul Institute , was also released . Landcruisin ' garnered mostly positive reviews from music critics . Pitchfork Media 's Marc Hogan opined that the song both lives up to the expectations and sidesteps them , writing With a sound like this , why stay on land Similarly , Collin Brennan , of Consequence of Sound , said it was totally worth all the buzz , and Stereogum writer James Rettig dubbed the track more than good enough on its own , an enticing and theatrical piece of futuristic pop music . Fact published a review of Landcruisin ' , to which five journalists contributed with commentary , and their score out of 10 points . Daniel Montesinos Donaghy and Tayyab Amin awarded it a rating of 9 the latter deemed it wonderfully complete , whereas Montesinos Donaghy stated it has a Technicolour ambition held within its blog cycle frame , and Paul sounds as eager as possible to outgrow his frame as soon as possible . Aurora Mitchell of the same publication explained her score of 8 by saying she was definitely here for it . With respective ratings of 5 and 6 , Chris Kelly and Son Raw were more critical of the song both negatively compared A.K. Paul 's artistry to that of Jai , as Kelly called the single fun but forgettable and Raw quipped this is not the Paul you are looking for , move along . It entered the Billboard Twitter Emerging Artists chart on the week ending 9 April 2016 , at number 12 . Release history
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3,265 | Cyclone Akash ( JTWC designation 01B , also known as Cyclonic Storm Akash ) was the first named tropical cyclone of the 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season . Warned by both India Meteorological Department ( IMD ) and Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) , it formed from an area of disturbed weather on the Bay of Bengal on May 12 , and gradually organized as it drifted northward . An eye began to develop as it approached land , and after reaching peak 3 min sustained winds of 85 km h ( 50 mph ) it struck about 115 km ( 70 mi ) south of Chittagong in Bangladesh . Akash rapidly weakened over land , and advisories were discontinued on May 15 . The storm initially brought heavy rainfall to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Upon striking Bangladesh , Cyclonic Storm Akash produced a moderate storm tide , along with strong winds and heavy rains . The storm left dozens of boats missing , with three fisherman confirmed killed and another 50 missing . Near the coast , thousands of houses were damaged from the flooding caused by the storm . In Burma , its storm tide caused some coastal flooding . In all , 14 people were killed and damages amounted to US 982 million . Meteorological history During the second week of May , low pressures persisted across the Bay of Bengal . An area of convection developed on May 11 , and the next day the India Meteorological Department ( IMD ) classified it as a depression . The system drifted northward , and initially moderate wind shear kept the deep convection on the periphery of the consolidating low level circulation center . Gradually , banding features developed along the eastern semicircle , and with decreasing amounts of wind shear the system organized further . By May 13 , the pressure had dropped to 1000 mbar as wind shear levels dropped significantly . An anticyclone developed over the system , while a mid latitude trough over northeastern India provided favorable outflow . Convection continued to consolidate around the low level circulation , and with well defined banding features and a central dense overcast over the center of circulation , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) upgraded it to Tropical Cyclone 01B at 1121 UTC on May 13 while located about 545 km ( 340 mi ) west northwest of Yangon , Burma . Upon first being upgraded , the storm tracked steadily northward due to a break in a mid level ridge . Early on May 14 , IMD upgraded the system to deep depression status , and six hours later classified it as Cyclonic Storm Akash after attaining 3 min sustained winds of 40 mph ( 65 km h ) . Akash continued to organize , with deep convection wrapping fully around the low level circulation . An eye began to form as the storm approached land , and at 1800 UTC on May 14 JTWC estimated 1 min sustained winds of 120 km h ( 75 mph ) . Officially , Akash attained peak 3 min sustained winds of 85 km h ( 50 mph ) and a minimum central pressure of 988 hPa . Additionally , meteorologists in Burma estimated Akash peaked with winds of 160 km h ( 100 mph ) . As it interacted with the mid latitude westerlies , it began to become extratropical . Shortly after reaching peak winds , Akash made landfall about 115 km ( 70 mi ) south of Chittagong . The storm weakened rapidly as it continued inland , and early on May 15 IMD issued its final advisory on the system shortly thereafter , JTWC discontinued advisories . The name was contributed by India , Akash means Sky in Hindi language . Preparations In its daily tropical weather outlook , the India Meteorological Department warned fishermen on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to not go into the ocean due to the anticipated rough seas . Upon approaching the coast of Bangladesh , officials canceled all flights to and from the Shah Amanat International Airport . Additionally , authorities at the port of Chittagong worked to protect cargo ships from the storm , and it was ultimately closed for a period of 19 hours . In preparation for Akash , officials advised coastal residents to evacuate further inland about 80 , 000 total residents left for emergency shelters . About 40 , 000 Red Cross volunteers were prepared to aid those potentially affected . Impact The India Meteorological Department estimated winds of 45 55 km h ( 28 34 mph ) affected the Andaman and Nicobar Islands , though no land reports were received . In Sittwe in Burma , the storm produced a storm tide of 3 m ( 10 ft ) , which flooded coastal areas . In Chittagong , about 115 km ( 70 mi ) north of where Akash moved ashore , surface stations reported peak winds of 37 km h ( 23 mph ) and a pressure of unk Near its landfall location , Akash produced high tides that flooded coastal areas with up to 1 . 5 m ( 5 ft ) of water , destroying at least 30 businesses . The cyclone destroyed 205 houses and left an additional 845 damaged . Akash caused moderate crop damage near the coast , including 2 ha ( 4 . 9 acres ) of destroyed lands of shrimp farms . Heavy precipitation was reported , with one station reporting a total of 53 mm ( 2 . 12 in ) the rainfall caused flooding in inland areas . The heavy rains , caused by outer bands of the cyclone before it made landfall , limited play in Chittagong in the third One Day International cricket match between India and Bangladesh , before the match was abandoned . Strong winds caused power outages throughout Cox 's Bazar District , and downed about 200 trees on St. Martin 's Island . The cyclone left a total of 10 boats unaccounted for , with about 50 fishermen missing . In total , three fisherman were confirmed killed , all on St. Martin 's Island , with two people left hospitalized . The passage of Cyclone Akash left many people homeless . Initially there was no response from the government . In all , 14 people were killed by Akash and damages amounted to US 982 million .
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3,266 | The Battle of Flint River was a failed attack by Spanish and Apalachee Indian forces against Creek Indians in October 1702 in what is now the state of Georgia . The battle was a major element in ongoing frontier hostilities between English traders from the Province of Carolina and Spanish Florida , and it was a prelude to more organized military actions of Queen Anne 's War . The Creeks , assisted by a small number of Englishmen led by trader Anthony Dodsworth , ambushed the invaders on the banks of the Flint River . More than half of the Spanish Indian force was killed or captured . Both English and Spanish authorities reacted to the battle by accelerating preparations that culminated in the Siege of St. Augustine in November 1702 . Background English and Spanish colonization efforts in southeastern North America began coming into conflict as early as the middle of the 17th century . The English founding of the Province of Carolina in 1663 and Charles Town ( present day Charleston , South Carolina ) in 1670 significantly raised tensions with the Spanish who had long been established in Florida . Traders and slavers from the new province penetrated into Spanish Florida , leading to raiding and reprisal expeditions on both sides . In 1700 , Carolina 's governor , Joseph Blake , threatened the Spanish that English claims to Pensacola , established by the Spanish in 1698 , would be enforced . Carolina traders such as Anthony Dodsworth and Thomas Nairne had established alliances with Creek Indians in the upper watersheds of rivers draining into the Gulf of Mexico , who they supplied with arms and from whom they purchased slaves and animal pelts . The Spanish population of Florida at the time was fairly small . Since its founding in the 16th century , the Spanish had set up a network of missions whose primary purpose was to pacify the local Indian population and convert them to Roman Catholicism . In the Apalachee region ( roughly present day western Florida and southwestern Georgia ) there were 14 mission communities with a total population in 1680 of about 8 , 000 . Many , but not all , of these communities were populated by the Apalachee others were from different tribes that had migrated southward to the area . The Spanish had a policy of not arming these Indians with muskets , and the Apalachee missions suffered from English and Creek raids in 1701 . In January 1702 Pierre Le Moyne d 'Iberville , the French founder of Mobile , warned the Spanish commander at Pensacola that he should properly arm the Apalachees and engage in a vigorous defense against English incursions into Spanish territory . D 'Iberville even offered equipment and supplies for the purpose . Following the destruction by raiders of the Timucuan mission of Santa F de unk in May 1702 , Spanish Florida 's Governor Joseph de Ziga y unk authorized an expedition into the Creek territories . Battle Ziga ordered Don Francisco Romo de Uriza , a Spanish captain , to San Luis de Apalachee , where he raised a force of about 800 Apalachee and Spanish from the surrounding mission communities . Uriza 's report has not been found , so a breakdown of his force is not presently known . Word of this reached the Apalachicola community of unk , where Carolina trader Anthony Dodsworth ( referred to in Spanish documents as Don Antonio ) was meeting with the local tribes . According to a report an Indian woman made to Manuel Solano , the deputy governor at San Luis , about 400 warriors , principally Apalachicolas and unk , went with Dodsworth , two other white men , and two blacks , to meet the Uriza 's force . They left unk on roughly October 7 , the same day Uriza left Apalachee . The exact date of the battle is unknown the woman reporting to Solana saw the battlefield on October 18 , the day Uriza and the remnants of his force returned to the Apalachee town of unk . Dodsworth assembled his force , which numbered about 500 , with the blessing of the Apalachicola chief Emperor unk . The two forces met near the Flint River when the Apalachee made a predawn attack on the Apalachicola camp . Anticipating the possibility of this sort of attack , Dodsworth and the Apalachicolas had arranged their blankets to appear occupied and concealed themselves near the camp . When the Apalachee attacked the false camp , the Apalachicolas fell upon them . With the superiority of their weapons , the British supported Indians routed the Spanish force . Uriza was reported to have only 300 men when he returned to Apalachee . Aftermath The defeat immediately put Ziga on the defensive . He ordered the fort at San Luis to be completed and adequate supplies for a siege laid in . The battle further stirred up passions in Charles Town , where Governor James Moore had already secured approval for an expedition against St. Augustine after learning that war had formally been declared in Europe between England and Spain . His expedition departed Charles Town in November and failed in its objective , although Spanish Indian mission communities in Guale Province were destroyed in the process . Moore , in 1704 , led an expedition against the Apalachee missions that virtually wiped them out . By the end of Queen Anne 's War in 1713 , the English had practically depopulated present day Georgia of Spaniards and their allied Indian tribes , leaving the Spanish in control of little more than St. Augustine and Pensacola . Two widely separated highway markers have been erected in Georgia to commemorate the battle . The Georgia Historical Commission erected a highway marker in central Georgia at 31 . unk N 83 . unk W 31 . unk unk in Crisp County near Georgia Veterans State Park in 1965 , and the Historic Chattahoochee Commission , in 1985 , placed a marker at 30 . unk N 84 . unk W 30 . unk unk in the southern Georgia town of Bainbridge .
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3,267 | Superman Krypton Coaster is a Bolliger Mabillard Floorless Coaster at the Six Flags Fiesta Texas amusement park in San Antonio , Texas , USA . Opened in 2000 , Superman Krypton Coaster was one of the first floorless roller coasters in the world . The well received ride held the title for the world 's tallest vertical loop ( 145 feet ) from its opening until 2013 . It is also known as for being the world 's tallest and fastest floorless coaster at 168 ft ( 51 m ) high and a top speed of 70 mph ( 110 km h ) . Six Flags describes the coaster Thrill Level at MAXIMUM . Six Flags has announced plans to add Virtual Reality to Superman Krypton Coaster to unk the experience . History In 1999 , Six Flags Great Adventure spent 42 million on new attractions including a prototype Floorless Coaster by Bolliger Mabillard , Medusa ( later Bizarro ) . The immediate popularity of the ride , led to Six Flags Fiesta Texas and three other amusement parks to announce plans to install Floorless Coasters in 2000 aside from the announcement of Superman Krypton Coaster on November 1 , 1999 , Six Flags Discovery Kingdom announced Medusa , Geauga Lake announced Dominator , and SeaWorld Orlando announced Kraken . The 20 million Superman Krypton Coaster was announced as part of a wider multimillion dollar expansion of Six Flags Fiesta Texas . At the time of the ride 's announcement , construction had already begun on unused land bordered by quarry walls and an irrigation pond . The initial plans for the ride specified it would have seven inversions including a 114 foot tall ( 35 m ) vertical loop and a 96 foot tall ( 29 m ) dive loop . Following the ride 's announcement , the design was altered to remove the dive loop and increase the size of the vertical loop to 145 feet ( 44 m ) . This saw Superman Krypton Coaster obtain the record for the world 's tallest vertical loop when it officially opened to the public on March 11 , 2000 . On March 6 , 2010 , Six Flags Fiesta Texas offered exclusive ride time on Superman Krypton Coaster to help celebrate the ride 's 10th anniversary . On June 22 , 2013 , Superman Krypton Coaster lost the title of having the world 's tallest vertical loop since Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia , California opened Full Throttle which features a 160 foot tall ( 49 m ) vertical loop , 15 feet ( 4 . 6 m ) taller than the loop on Superman Krypton Coaster . On March 3 , 2016 , Six Flags announced that the ride would be one of several rides at various Six Flags parks to feature a VR system . Riders have the option of wearing a Samsung Gear VR headset , powered by Oculus to create a 360 degree , 3D experience while riding . It is themed to Superman saving a city from Lex Luthor 's Lex unk who are causing chaos with an anti gravity ray . This theming will also come to the Superman The Ride at Six Flags New England and Superman Ride of Steel at Six Flags America . Characteristics Statistics The 4 , 025 foot long ( 1 , 227 m ) Superman Krypton Coaster stands 168 feet ( 51 m ) tall . With a top speed of 70 miles per hour ( 110 km h ) , the ride will tie with Iron Rattler as the fastest roller coaster at Six Flags Fiesta Texas . The ride features six inversions including a 145 foot tall ( 44 m ) vertical loop , a zero g roll , a 78 foot tall ( 24 m ) cobra roll and two corkscrews . Trains Superman Krypton Coaster operates with three floorless trains . Each train seats 32 riders in eight rows of four . This gives the ride a theoretical hourly capacity of 1600 riders per hour . The open air trains feature seats which leave riders ' legs dangling above the track . Riders are restrainted with over the shoulder restraints ( unk ) . As the trains are floorless , the station has a retractable floor for safe boarding . Ride experience After riders have boarded and the station floor is retracted , Superman Krypton Coaster departs with a left turn out of the station . This leads directly to the 168 foot tall ( 51 m ) chain lift hill . At the top , the train crests the lift hill and follows a fairly level 180 degree turn to the right above the quarry wall . This leads into a 168 foot ( 51 m ) drop off the quarry wall directly into the 145 foot tall ( 44 m ) vertical loop . With the quarry wall on the track 's right , the train inclines to the top of the wall where it performs a helix to the right . After dropping from the quarry wall again , the train enters the zero g roll where riders experience a feeling of weightlessness . This is followed by the 78 foot tall ( 24 m ) cobra roll and a mid course brake run . The exit from the mid course brake run banks down to the right into the two interlocking corkscrews . This leads to a final turn before the final brake run and return to the station . Reception Prior to launch , General Manager of Six Flags Fiesta Texas John Odum stated Superman Krypton Coaster was the big league ride we have really needed . He stated the design of the ride , which interacts with the quarry wall , would make a thrilling ride being that close to the wall there is a good sense of speed . In May 2000 , two months after Superman Krypton Coaster opened , it was reported that the park was off to a flying start for the season . Six Flags Fiesta Texas officials stated the ride proved popular in its first year of operation . In Amusement Today 's annual Golden Ticket Awards , Superman Krypton Coaster was ranked in the top 50 steel roller coasters numerous times since its opening . It peaked at position 24 in 2002 , before it dropped to 50 in 2008 and rose again to 38 in 2011 . In Mitch Hawker 's worldwide Best Roller Coaster Poll , Superman Krypton Coaster entered at position 20 in 2001 and peaked at 17 in 2004 . The ride 's ranking in subsequent polls is shown in the table below .
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3,268 | A No Poder ( English To the Max ) is the fourteenth studio album by Mexican recording artist Alejandra Guzmn . It was released on September 11 , 2015 , by Sony Music Latin . After the success of her previous live album , Primera Fila ( 2013 ) and its promotional tour , Guzmn recorded the album with original songs , composed and produced by her and Argentinian musician Jos Luis Pagn . After its release , A No Poder received favorable reviews from music critics , with one expressing appreciation for the balance between ballads and rock songs . The record peaked at number twelve on the US Billboard Latin Pop Albums and number six in Mexico . To promote the album , three singles were released Adis featuring reggaeton performer Farruko , which peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs chart , Qu Irona and Esta Noche . Background In 2013 , Alejandra Guzmn released her fourth live album titled Primera Fila , selling 90 , 000 units in Mexico and launching the La Guzman 1F Tour , which included dates in cities of the United States such as Los Angeles , Las Vegas , Houston , Miami and also Puerto Rico . Two years later , Guzmn entered the recording studio to record A No Poder , which would become her first studio album in over five years . The album 's songs were written by Guzmn and Argentinian musician Jos Luis Pagn . The singer stated that the album reflects maturity and growth that has also regains my rock essence since I was pigeonholed as a balladeer but not at all , that is what I am . A No Poder is Guzmn 's first studio album since unk ( 2009 ) , a critically acclaimed effort that was commercial unsuccessful due to lack of promotion , according to ngel Rodrguez of ADN Informativo . Content A No Poder is dedicated to Guzmn 's daughter Frida Sofia . The album includes twelve tracks eleven written by Guzmn and Pagn , with additional writers for three of them . Adis was co written by Carlos unk Reyes , Esta Noche was co written by unk and Reyli Barba , and A Ms No Poder was co written Sarah Lenore . Another track , Una Cancin de Amor , was entirely written by Argentinean singer songwriter Alejandro Lerner . Adis features Puerto Rican reggaeton performer Farruko . Te unk is a ballad , and unk , a story about a femme fatale , has country music undertones with a harmonica that resembles Mexican band El Tri . unk and This is Too Much Rock and Roll are rock songs , with the latter reminds of Soy , an album released by the singer in 2001 . Esta Noche is a pop funk track with reggae influences . A Ms No Poder has sexual connotations in its lyrics and as stated by ngel Rodrguez of ADN Informativo , brings back memories when Guzmn was produced by Miguel Blasco in the 90 's . Mi unk is a pop rock song , while No Puedo unk is a heavy metal track . Qu Irona is a rock ballad that recalls Guzmn greatest hits such as Mi unk Error . About the songs included , Guzmn stated to Tabasco Hoy In recent years I have spent many good and bad things , so I thought , why not transform them into songs . And so it began to take shape this new album , which I think is more intelligent , mature and planned than my previous work . Reception Critical reception The album was met with positive reviews by music critics . unk Hinojosa , of Televisa Espectculos stated that the album shows that despite being a rocker at heart , she has no problem recording in another genre and experiment ing with new rhythms . Hinojosa also praised the rock song No Puedo unk , arguing that if someone who never before had heard another song from her would believe that she Guzmn only performs in the rock genre . ngel Rodrguez of ADN Informativo said that Guzmn is back and wants to reclaim her place on the music market . Rodrguez also reminded that Guzmn keeps trying to incorporate new or alternative rhythms to her music even if the results are not commercially successful , such as her albums Cambio de Piel ( 1996 ) produced by Spanish musician Carlos unk , or Lipstick ( 2004 ) , helmed by American artist Desmond Child , and A No Poder is no exception , since the Queen of Rock in Mexico includes songs that hark back to the era of the nineties , but so potentiated with harder songs where the guitars , drums and her hoarse voice come together in musical chords . Alex unk of Hey Espectculos referred to this album as a well balance between rock and pop that shows Guzmn 's unk side who opted for a rock album with some ballads and new rhythms such as reggaeton . Commercial reception A No Poder peaked at number 12 in the Billboard Latin Pop Albums component chart in the United States , one of her worst placements in the chart , only Lipstick ( 2004 ) and Fuerza ( 2007 ) have reached lower numbers , at 15 and 16 , respectively . In Mexico , the album peaked at number six in the Mexican Albums Chart . Singles To promote the album , Guzmn released three singles . Lead single Adis was released on June 5 , 2015 and features guest vocals from Farruko . The track peaked at number 26 in the Billboard Latin Pop Songs and 17 in the Latin Rhythm Airplay charts , respectively , in the United States and at 15 on the Mexican Espanol Airplay chart . According to Alex unk of Hey Espectculos , the song was not a success since it is not good enough to compete with other ' reggaeton ' songs and it is far from the ballads that are surefire hits for Guzmn . The music video for the second single , Qu Irona , was filmed on Iceland and released on September 12 , 2015 . To further promote the album , the track Esta Noche was used as the main theme of the Mexican TV show unk Noches de unk , and was later released as the third single on May 27 , 2016 , with a music video filmed on Campeche , Mexico . Track listing Charts
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3,269 | Francis Folger Franklin ( October 20 , 1732 November 21 , 1736 ) was the eldest son of Founding Father of the United States Benjamin Franklin by Deborah Read . In 1736 , four year old Francis contracted the smallpox virus and died shortly thereafter . Benjamin Franklin , who had been inoculated earlier in his own life , had intended for his son to be inoculated as well . However , due to an illness affecting Francis at the time planned for his inoculation , the procedure was postponed . His death devastated both his parents , who doted upon Francis , and after this incident , Franklin became the most eloquent advocate of smallpox inoculation . Life Francis Folger Franklin was born on October 20 , 1732 , in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ( then a colony in British America ) . He was the eldest legitimate son of Benjamin Franklin , then the publisher of the Pennsylvania Gazette , and Deborah Read . Franklin also had an illegitimate son , William ( born c . 1730 31 ) , whose mother may have been a maid in the household , perhaps a woman named Barbara , or even Deborah Read herself . It has been suggested that William was Franklin 's son by Deborah , but was acknowledged as illegitimate because he had been conceived before the marriage of his parents . Some accounts argue that William 's birth was legitimized sometime after Francis ' death , possibly due to the lack of an heir . The baby 's middle name , Folger , was the maiden name of Franklin 's mother , Abiah . Franklin was proud of his maternal family ( one of the first settlers of New England ) and thus , in an era when a middle name was unusual for ordinary people to receive , Francis was baptized as Francis Folger . Francis ' baptism took place on September 16 , 1733 , while Franklin was away , at the Anglican Christ Church in Philadelphia , which Deborah attended . Francis , affectionately called Franky by his parents , was described as a precocious , curious and special child by Franklin , a golden child , his smiles brighter , his unk more telling and his tricks more magical than all the other infants in the colonies combined by historian of medicine Howard Markel and as a most engaging child , of singular beauty and wonderful knowingness by biographer James Parton . Given that Franklin considered Francis to be a healthy child who thrived from the start , and very clever , he advertised for a tutor for his two sons in December 1734 . By all accounts , Francis was doted on by his parents his portrait was painted while he was still a baby . By 1734 , Franklin 's business as a writer , publisher and founder of the Library Company of Philadelphia was going well enough that he was able to build a house for his family of four , at 318 Market Street . Death and aftermath Franklin and his brother , James , criticized smallpox inoculation , which was performed by drawing a string , previously in contact with the pustules of a smallpox victim , through a small incision on the person being inoculated . At the time , inoculation offered a mortality chance of 2 , while smallpox contracted naturally was fatal to 15 of the infected . Later , while James still opposed inoculation , Franklin came to support it , believing it was a safe and beneficial practice . In 1736 , however , Francis contracted smallpox and died on November 21 of that year , without having been inoculated . Both Franklin and Deborah were devastated , and their devastation was compounded because they were unsure they could have another child . Ironically , Franklin had written his paper , On the Death of Infants , while Francis was still alive , and was inspired by his youngest son when writing about the beauty of babies . Francis was buried on the same day he died , his tombstone reading The delight of all who knew him . Rumors quickly surfaced that Francis had died after being inoculated , and so , Franklin wrote in the Pennsylvania Gazette , on December 30 , that he intended to get Francis inoculated as soon as he should have recovered sufficient strength from a flux with which he had been long afflicted , and that the boy received the distemper in the common way of infection . However , the choice of having his son inoculated was a difficult one for Franklin , as Francis could die either way . Inoculation would become a real choice only if there was a high chance of smallpox being contracted naturally . In this case , the choice of having Francis inoculated was justified , even with its 2 mortality rate . After Francis ' death , Franklin became involved in promoting inoculation in Philadelphia he published many studies on its value , working with several physicians , including the famed William Heberden at the Pennsylvania Hospital , which he helped found . In 1774 , he founded the Society for unk the Poor unk , in order to help the poor people of Philadelphia afford inoculation . In his autobiography , Franklin writes In 1736 I lost one of my sons , a fine boy of four years old , by the smallpox taken in the common way . I long regretted bitterly and still regret that I had not given it to him by inoculation . This I mention for the sake of the parents who omit that operation , on the supposition that they should never forgive themselves if a child died under it my example showing that the regret may be the same either way , and that , therefore , the safer should be chosen . Seven years after Francis ' death , Deborah gave birth to Sarah , who was Franklin 's only surviving , legitimate child . In 1772 , Franklin 's sister Jane Franklin unk , wrote him with news of his grandsons . Franklin replied that it brings often afresh to my mind the idea of my son Franky , though now dead thirty six years , whom I have seldom since seemed equaled in everything , and whom to this day I cannot think of without a sigh .
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3,270 | Windosill is a 2009 puzzle video game by Vectorpark for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux , web browsers , and iOS . The player advances through eleven rooms through interacting with each level 's environmental objects . It was developed by artist Patrick Smith , who taught himself to animate and program the game in Adobe Flash . He was inspired by a variety of painters and artists . The game was first released for Windows , OS X , and web browsers in 2009 , and was later ported to the iPad in 2011 with several added features . The game received universal acclaim , according to video game review score aggregator Metacritic . Reviewers noted the game 's especially short duration , memorability , art style , and emphasis on exploration over problem solving . Windosill has influenced games including Alto 's Adventure , Blek , Donut County , and Monument Valley . Gameplay In Windosill , the player solves logic puzzles to progress through eleven successive rooms . Everything on screen is interactive . The player experiments with the environmental objects in each room to find a hidden cube , which unlocks the door to the next level , through which the player guides a toy car . Responsive objects in each room include light switches , piles of leaves , clocks , a squishy thing with an eye on top , a building that grows legs when spun , a box that grows hair when touched , and a smokestack that can be squeezed to make clouds . Interactions with these objects reveal subsequent objects and possible interactions . Development Patrick Smith , a Brooklyn based artist , drew , animated , and programmed Windosill by himself for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux , web browser , and iPad ( iOS ) platforms . His collection of interactive animations and games , which he began around 2001 , are released under the name Vectorpark . Although Edge previously covered and praised Smith 's prior work , they wrote that he is notable for never having made the jump to the mainstream . Smith first sketched Windosill level ideas in pencil , and transferred his favorites into Adobe Illustrator , where he added detail , shapes and colors . He then animated and programmed the scenes in Adobe Flash , and incorporated sounds from unk . While Smith studied painting at Washington University , he learned to animate and program on his own . He developed his own 3D and physics code instead of using existing software libraries , as he prefers to use code he fully understands . When Smith built the game , he considered the aesthetic and functional aspects holistically . Smith 's main inspirations when creating Windosill were mainly artists and not games surrealists Ren Magritte and Joan Mir , metaphysical painter Giorgio de Chirico , animators Max and Dave Fleischer of Fleischer Studios , cartoonists Chris Ware and Jim Woodring , sculptor Alexander Calder , and Italian Renaissance painters Paolo Uccello and Piero della Francesca . Smith credits the latter painters for his use of flat shapes as 3D forms . Windosill was not designed for a specific audience in fact , Smith designed them for his own enjoyment but he noted that its toy like qualities and emphasis on discovery were intentional . Windosill was originally released in 2009 as a downloadable Flash game for Microsoft Windows and OS X. In this version , the first half of Windosill 's was free to play and its second half could be unlocked with payment . Smith was satisfied with its sales , but said it will take a long time to fund itself . An iOS ( iPad only ) port was released on December 15 , 2011 , and added two features Complex Gravity ( which adds tilt controls ) and See Thru ( which makes the room 's elements transparent ) . It also includes a 20 piece collection of concept art . The game was included in the April 2012 Amanita Design Humble Bundle . Reception The game received universal acclaim , according to video game review score aggregator Metacritic . Reviewers noted the game 's especially short duration , memorability , and emphasis on exploration over problem solving . Multiple reviewers praised the game 's art style . Nissa Campbell of TouchArcade described the style as surreal , and Tim Rattray of Slide to Play wrote that Windosill is serious in its attempt to be ' art ' . Critics described Windosill as not just a game but a toy in itself . GameSetWatch selected the game for their Best of Indie Games the week of May 2 , 2009 . Campbell of TouchArcade wrote that the iOS port was always meant to be due to the unk of the game 's puzzles . Campbell added that iOS multitouch changed how players could interact with the puzzles , though it did not change any of the solutions . The reviewer wrote that the controls were intuitive and designed for experimenting , as there is no tutorial . Kirk Hamilton of Kotaku similarly wrote that the game helped him remember how wonderfully tactile the iPad can be . Rattray of Slide to Play described Windosill as an interactive abstract mosaic and absolute thrill ride . He described the puzzle design and production value as brilliant , and praised the fitting sound effects , smooth controls , and perfect frame rate . 148Apps 's Dan Lee also called the puzzles brilliant , and described them as so abstract as to require unconventional thinking . Anthony Burch of Destructoid added that the puzzles were designed such that players would not become frustrated or bored . Lee and Rattray said there was little reason to return to the game after playing through , apart from a few minutes to experiment with the added iOS features . While Lee considered this a niggle , Rattray praised its brevity . Windosill has influenced games including Alto 's Adventure , Blek , Donut County , and Monument Valley . Smith later made the 2015 interactive alphabet game unk .
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3,271 | Rancho San Francisco was a land grant in present day northwestern Los Angeles County and eastern Ventura County , California . It was a grant of 48 , 612 acres ( 19 , 673 ha ) by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Antonio del Valle , a Mexican army officer , in recognition for his service to the state of Alta California . It is not related to the city of San Francisco . The rancho was the location of the first popularly known finding of gold in the Southern California area in 1842 , in Placerita Canyon . Much of the present day city of Santa Clarita lies within the boundary of what was Rancho San Francisco . The adobe headquarters of the rancho , and the site of the gold find ( known today as the Oak of the Golden Dream ) , are designated California Historical Landmarks . The rancho included portions of the San Gabriel , Santa Susana , unk , and Sierra Pelona Mountain ranges . Early history After Mission San Fernando Rey de Espaa was established in 1797 , the administrators there realized they would need more land for agriculture and livestock , and they looked north to the Santa Clarita Valley to establish their estancia , or mission rancho . Subsequently , the Tataviam who had been living there were relocated to the Mission , where they were baptized and put to work . The unk de San Francisco Xavier was built in 1804 at the confluence of Castaic Creek and the Santa Clara River . Following the Mexican War of Independence , the missions were secularized and the land taken by the Mexican government . In 1834 , Lieutenant Antonio del Valle was assigned to inventory the property of Mission San Fernando . The rancho was supposed to be returned to the Tataviam , but Governor Alvarado deeded it to his friend Del Valle instead on January 22 , 1839 . The Del Valle family moved into the former estancia buildings ( near what is now Castaic ) . Del Valle died in 1841 . On his deathbed , he attempted to reconcile with his estranged son Ygnacio by writing him a letter and offering the entire rancho to him as his inheritance . Del Valle died before his son received the letter . Ygnacio took possession of the land . Los Angeles area gold find On March 9 , 1842 , Francisco Lopez , the uncle of Antonio 's second wife , Jacoba Feliz , took a rest under an oak tree in Placerita Canyon and had a dream that he was floating on a pool of gold . When he awoke , he pulled a few wild onions from the ground finding flakes of gold in the roots . Contrary to some portraits of him as a farmer who stumbled upon his discovery by dumb luck , Lopez had studied mineralogy at the University of Mexico and had been actively searching for gold . Evidence suggests that gold had previously been found in the area about thirty years prior , but the Lopez gold find was the first popularly documented incident in the area . This sparked a gold rush on a much smaller scale than the 1849 California Gold Rush . About 2 , 000 people , mostly from the Mexican state of Sonora , came to Rancho San Francisco to mine the gold . Knowledge of the gold find seems to have remained largely within Mexican territory . John Sutter , who sided with Gov. Manuel unk during the governor 's power struggle with former Gov. Alvarado , was imprisoned after the unk insurrectionists won the Battle of Providencia in 1845 . After his release , he headed north through Placerita Canyon , saw the mining operation , and was determined to search for gold near where he later established Sutter 's Fort the latter in Mexican territory . During the Mexican American War , Del Valle destroyed the mine to prevent the United States from gaining its control . The tree where Lopez took his nap is now known as the Oak of the Golden Dream and is registered as California Historic Landmark 168 . Later history The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo endorsed legitimate land titles held by the ceded land 's owners . Jacoba Feliz sued for control of Rancho San Francisco . She prevailed and a judgment was issued in her favor in 1857 . Ygnacio Del Valle received the westernmost portion of 13 , 599 acres ( 5 , 503 ha ) , Feliz ( now unk ) took 21 , 307 acres ( 8 , 623 ha ) , and her six children received 4 , 684 acres ( 1 , 896 ha ) each . Unfortunately , at this time Southern California experienced a great deal of flooding , and ranchers were forced to mortgage their properties in order to sustain their needs during the interruption in producing their food and needs and other damages to the land and buildings . Feliz mortgaged her portion of the land to William unk , who returned a portion of it back to Del Valle in exchange for him settling her debts . Floods were followed by droughts , which again exacerbated the ranchers ' problems . Finally , in 1862 Del Valle was forced to sell off most of his land to oil speculators ( the Philadelphia and California Petroleum Company headed by Thomas A. Scott ) , keeping only his Rancho Camulos . The oilmen were unable to find any oil , and Rancho San Francisco eventually landed in the hands of Henry Newhall , whose name is now closely associated with the Santa Clarita Valley area . Newhall granted right of way to Southern Pacific Railroad to build a rail line to Los Angeles and sold them a portion of the land , upon which sprang a new town that the company named after him , Newhall . Another town grew around the train station and Newhall named it after his hometown , Saugus . After Newhall 's death in 1882 , his heirs formed the Newhall Land and Farming Company , which managed the lands . In 1936 , Atholl McBean , Newhall 's grandson in law , found oil on the property and changed the name to Newhall Ranch . Historic designations California Historical Landmark NO . 556 unk SAN unk Adobe Placerita Canyon State Park California Historical Landmark NO . 168 OAK OF THE unk DREAM where Francisco Lopez found gold .
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3,272 | Folk Singer is the fourth studio album by Muddy Waters , released in April 1964 by Chess Records . The album features Waters on acoustic guitar , backed by Willie Dixon on string bass , Clifton James on drums , and Buddy Guy on acoustic guitar . It is Waters 's only all acoustic album . Numerous reissues of Folk Singer include bonus tracks from two subsequent sessions , in April 1964 and October 1964 . Despite not charting in any country , Folk Singer received critical acclaim most reviewers praised its high quality sound , especially on remastered versions , as well as the instrumentation . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 280 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time . Background After his successful performance at Newport Jazz Festival and tours through America , Chess Records encouraged Waters to record songs for a new studio album . Before the recording , several musicians had Waters 's band , and other had joined Waters . Andrew Stephens , who played at Newport , was replaced in the following years with numerous bassists . The drummer Francis Clay was replaced by Willie Big Eyes Smith , who played in the Muddy Waters Junior Band . Pat Hare was sentenced to life in prison for the murder of his wife ( while in jail , he formed the band Sounds Incarcerated ) . Hare was replaced by a succession of guitarists , including James Pee Wee Madison , who played a right handed guitar left handed . Madison played guitar on some of the reissue bonus tracks , as did Sammy Lawhorn . Lawhorn allegedly suffered from narcolepsy ( Elvin Bishop denied this , believing that Lawhorn 's sleepiness was due to alcoholism ) . The electric guitarist Buddy Guy , who had recorded with Waters on Blues from Big Bill 's Copacabana , released by Chess in 1963 , was hired . Guy had been discovered by Waters shortly after Guy arrived in Chicago from Louisiana . Recording Folk Singer is an unplugged recording and differs from his earlier albums , which featured an electric blues sound . The title of the album was chosen by Chess Records because it was recorded during the time when folk music was popular . In order to appeal to fans of folk music , Chess recorded a more acoustic album with two acoustic guitarists . Buddy Guy was hired as the second guitarist . Other guitarists played on bonus tracks . Guy played on all original songs , except the last song , Feel Like Going Home , together with Waters . The recording took place at the Tel Mar Recording Studios , in Chicago , in September 1963 , and was produced by Willie Dixon . The original vinyl release includes nine songs , most of which are performed at a slower tempo , with the exception of the uptempo Good Morning Little Schoolgirl . During recording , Waters emphasized his singing with hums and sighs . Releases and tour The original album was released as an LP in April 1964 by Chess Records . Since then , numerous record labels have released different versions on CD , with different bonus tracks from Waters 's 1964 sessions . One of the first CD versions was released in 1993 by Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab , containing two bonus tracks , You Can 't Lose What You Never Had and The Same Thing . The 1999 remastered version contains five bonus tracks , The Same Thing , You Can 't Lose What You Never Had , My John the Conqueror Root , Short Dress Woman and Put unk Your Lay Away . The supporting tour through Europe , the second American Folk Blues Festival , began one month after the recording of Folk Singer . The first gig out of seventeen took place in London other performances were in Belgium , Germany , France and Denmark . In London , Waters began with the unreleased My Captain , followed by Rollin ' Stone . In keeping with the folk theme , quiet versions of Five Long Years , Blow Wind Blow , Trouble No More , My Home Is in the Delta and Got My Mojo Working were performed . Critical reception In a contemporary review , Down Beat magazine found Waters 's singing forced and artificial , writing that Folk Singer suffers from a major flaw He only begins to come close to the power and unforced intensity of the original numbers and style from time to time , as on ' You Gonna Need My Help ' and ' My Home Is in the Delta ' . In a retrospective review , Cub Koda , writing for AllMusic was more enthusiastic , deeming the record 's sound fresh and vital . In 2003 , Rolling Stone ranked Folk Singer number 280 on its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of unk , writing that the unplugged playing was pioneering and has since been beloved by blues and folk fans alike . In a 1994 issue of Rolling Stone , a reviewer wrote , ... There aren 't too many blues albums that qualify as audiophile recordings , but Muddy Waters Folk Singer surely does . A wonderfully intimate session , it delivers Waters ' voice in all its power and subtlety , while rendering his guitar work ... with such vivid realism , you would think you were sitting in the studio .... Track listing My Home Is in the Delta ( Waters ) 3 58 Long Distance ( Waters ) 3 30 My Captain ( Willie Dixon ) 5 10 Good Morning Little Schoolgirl ( Sonny Boy Williamson ) 3 12 You Gonna Need My Help ( Waters ) 3 09 Cold Weather Blues ( Waters ) 4 40 Big Leg Woman ( John Temple ) 3 25 Country Boy ( Waters ) 3 26 Feel Like Going Home ( Waters ) 3 52 1993 bonus tracks The Same Thing ( Dixon ) 2 57 You Can 't Lose What You Never Had ( Waters ) 2 46 1999 bonus tracks The Same Thing ( Dixon ) 2 57 You Can 't Lose What You Never Had ( Waters ) 2 46 My John the Conqueror Root ( Dixon ) 2 22 Short Dress Woman ( John T. Brown ) 2 49 Put Me in Your Lay Away ( L.J. Welch ) 2 56 Personnel Credits are adapted from AllMusic .
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3,273 | Tropical Storm Patricia was a short lived tropical cyclone that briefly affected parts of Baja California Sur before rapidly degenerating over water . Developing from a tropical wave that traversed the Atlantic Ocean during September 2009 , Patricia was first classified as a tropical depression on October 11 several hundred miles south of the Baja California Peninsula . The system quickly intensified into a tropical storm as it tracked in a general northward direction . By October 12 , Patricia attained its peak intensity with winds of 60 mph ( 95 km h ) and a minimum barometric pressure of 996 mbar ( hPa 29 . 41 inHg ) . The following day , increasing wind shear and unfavorable conditions caused the storm to rapidly weaken . By the morning of October 14 , Patricia had degenerated into a non convective remnant low pressure area near the southern coastline of Baja California Sur . The remnants of the storm persisted until October 15 , at which time they dissipated over open waters . Although the center of Patricia did not impact land , the outer bands caused significant rainfall in portions of western Mexico . In Sonora , up to 240 mm ( 9 . 4 in ) of rain fell , leading to significant flooding that left 600 people homeless . Other Mexican states received similar impact . Overall , the effects of Patricia were minor and resulted in no loss of life . Meteorological history Tropical Storm Patricia originated from a tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on September 23 , 2009 . Two days later , Tropical Depression Eight developed from the wave over the eastern Atlantic Ocean . The depression tracked northwestward , while the wave continued a steady westward track . By October 6 , the system crossed Central America and entered the eastern Pacific Ocean . Gradual development took place over the following several days with widespread , scattered convection consolidating around a developing area of low pressure . On October 11 , a well defined circulation had formed and the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) estimated that it developed into a tropical depression roughly 405 mi ( 650 km ) south southeast of the southern tip of Baja California Sur . Several hours later , the system further strengthened into a tropical storm and was named Patricia . The low level circulation became embedded within very deep convection and further intensification was anticipated . Patricia tracked north northwest in a region of low to moderate wind shear , under the steering currents of a strong ridge of high pressure to the east and a trough located northwest . Although over warm sea surface temperatures , relatively stable air prevented substantial intensification . By the late morning of October 12 , the overall extent of cloud cover had increased but the center became less defined , described as sloppy by NHC forecaster Todd unk . Later that day , Patricia attained its peak intensity as a moderately strong tropical storm with winds of 60 mph ( 95 km h ) and a minimum barometric pressure of 996 mbar ( hPa 29 . 41 inHg ) . The storm maintained this intensity for several hours as its central dense overcast remained intact despite increasing wind shear . However , the NHC stated that there was a 20 chance of the storm becoming a hurricane within 24 hours based on climatological factors and the average forecast intensity errors . However , this did not take place . The combination of moderate wind shear and a stable environment caused Patricia to rapidly weaken on October 13 . The storm 's cirrus outflow became weak in all directions and convection diminished . Later that day , convective developed ceased to occur as the storm neared the south tip of Baja California Sur . Early on October 14 , Patricia degenerated into a remnant low pressure area , bypassing tropical depression status , roughly 30 mi ( 50 km ) south of the Baja California Peninsula . The remnant low turned westward and tracked over open waters before dissipating on October 15 . Preparations and impact Several hours after Patricia was classified as a tropical storm on October 12 , the National Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm watch for areas along Baja California Sur between La Paz and Santa Fe . The following day , the watch was upgraded to a tropical storm warning for areas between Buenavista and Agua Blanca . However , the storm 's rapid decay on October 14 allowed the watches and warnings to be discontinued . Officials in the threatened region began preparing by closing schools and opening 159 shelters on October 12 . The Civil Protection Department was prepared to evacuate residents in low lying area if necessary . Resorts and hotels cancelled all outdoor activities and brought all loose objects indoors . The city of Los Cabos was placed under a state of emergency as flooding rains were forecast to impact the area . Ports in the region were also shut down due to rough seas . The storm 's quick deterioration led to significantly less impact than anticipated . High waves affected the coastlines of Baja California Sur , Sinaloa and Nayarit . Parts of Sinaloa also recorded heavy rainfall from Patricia , peaking at 184 . 5 mm ( 7 . 26 in ) in Higuera de Zaragoza . Subsequent flooding was reported in 12 municipalities in the state , resulting in the evacuation of 3 , 000 people . Officials also closed elementary schools throughout the affected area due to the anticipation of flood waters . In southern Sonora , rainfall up to 240 mm ( 9 . 4 in ) led to widespread flooding . Officials reported that 181 people sought refuge in shelters . Additionally , relief agencies supplied 500 people with food during the storm . A total of 2 , 272 hectares ( 5 , 614 acres ) of agricultural land was inundated by flood waters . Roughly 815 people were left homeless in the wake of the storm , 600 of whom were in Sonora .
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3,274 | The Tsugaru clan ( unk , Tsugaru shi ) was a Japanese samurai clan originating in northern Japan , specifically Mutsu Province ( the northeast coast of Honsh ) . A branch of the local Nanbu clan , the Tsugaru rose to power during the Azuchi Momoyama period . It was on the winning side of the Battle of Sekigahara , and entered the Edo period as a family of lords ( daimyo ) ruling the Hirosaki Domain . A second branch of the family was later established , which ruled the Kuroishi Domain . The Tsugaru survived as a daimyo family until the Meiji Restoration , when Tsugaru Tsuguakira of Hirosaki and Tsugaru Tsugumichi of Kuroishi were relieved of office . Their extended family then became part of the new nobility in the Meiji era . History Origins through 1599 The Tsugaru clan initially claimed descent from the Kawachi Genji branch of the Minamoto clan in later years , this claim of origin would change to the Konoe family , which was a branch of the Fujiwara clan . It was first known as the ura clan ( unk , ura shi ) , a branch family of the Nanbu clan , which ruled sections of northern Mutsu Province . Relations between the two families soured after the ura declared their independence from the Nanbu in 1571 , during the headship of ura Tamenobu . He had been vice district magistrate ( unk , unk unk ) under the Nanbu clan 's local magistrate Ishikawa Takanobu however , he attacked and killed Ishikawa and began taking the Nanbu clan 's castles . Tamenobu also attacked Kitabatake unk ( another local power figure ) and took his castle at unk . The ura clan 's fight against the Nanbu clan , under Nanbu Nobunao , would continue in the ensuing years . In 1590 , Tamenobu pledged fealty to Toyotomi Hideyoshi Hideyoshi confirmed Tamenobu in his holdings . As the ura fief had been in the Tsugaru region on the northern tip of Honsh , the family then changed its name to Tsugaru . The Tsugaru in the Edo era The Tsugaru clan sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu 's Eastern Army during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 . Its immediate neighbors also all supported the Eastern Army . After the Tokugawa victory at Sekigahara , the Tsugaru clan was granted an increase in territory , along with permission to keep its existing domain of Hirosaki ( named for the family 's castle town ) . The domain started out small at 45 , 000 koku , before being increased in size to 100 , 000 koku . Tamenobu remained politically active in the early years of the Edo era , mainly in the Kansai area he died in Kyoto in 1608 . The early years of the Edo era were marked by a series of major O Ie unk disturbances that shook the Tsugaru family the Tsugaru Disturbance ( unk , Tsugaru sd ) of 1607 , unk unk 's Riot ( unk , unk unk no ran ) of 1612 , the Funabashi Disturbance ( unk , Funabashi sd ) of 1634 , and the Shh Disturbance ( unk , Shh sd ) of 1647 . In 1821 , there was a foiled plot by Sma Daisaku , a former retainer of the Nanbu clan , to assassinate the Tsugaru lord this stemmed from the old enmity between the two clans . A major branch of the Tsugaru clan was founded in 1656 , which was first given hatamoto rank , before being promoted to daimyo status in 1809 this became the ruling family of the Kuroishi Domain , which immediately bordered its parent family 's domain . A lesser branch was founded by Tsugaru unk , the son of the first Kuroishi Tsugaru family head this branch remained hatamoto through the end of the Edo period . The main Tsugaru family 's funerary temple in Hirosaki was located at unk ji . Though neither Tsugaru daimyo family ever held shogunate office , the Tsugaru of Hirosaki ( together with many of the other domains of northern Honsh ) assisted the shogunate in policing the frontier region of Ezochi ( now Hokkaido ) . In the late Edo period , during the headship of Tsugaru Tsuguakira , the Hirosaki domain 's forces were modernized along western lines . The Tsugaru clan in the Boshin War During the Boshin War of 1868 69 , the Tsugaru clan first sided with the imperial government , and attacked the forces of the nearby Shnai Domain . However , it soon switched course , and was briefly a signatory to the pact that created the uetsu Reppan Dmei , before backing out , once again in favor of the imperial government . It did not take part in any of the major military action against the imperial army . The Kuroishi branch joined the Hirosaki Tsugaru in siding with the imperial government . As a result , the entire clan was able to evade the punishment meted out by the government on the northern domains . After northern Honsh was pacified , Tsugaru forces joined the imperial army in attacking the Republic of Ezo at Hakodate . In return for its assistance , the Meiji government granted the Tsugaru family of Hirosaki a 10 , 000 koku increase to its fief . Both branches of Tsugaru daimyo were made imperial governors ( unk , han chiji ) of their domains in 1869 . Two years later , as with all other daimyo , both Tsugaru lines were relieved of their offices by the abolition of the han system . Meiji and beyond In the Meiji era , Tsugaru Tsuguakira , who had been the last daimyo of the main Tsugaru family , was ennobled with the title of count ( unk ) . Tsugaru Tsugumichi , the last daimyo of the Kuroishi Tsugaru , became a viscount ( shishaku ) . Tsuguakira later worked as a supervisor in the Number 15 National Bank ( unk , Dai unk unk unk ) , and Tsugumichi became a member of the House of Peers in 1890 . As Tsuguakira was heirless , he adopted Konoe Hidemaro , the son of court noble Konoe unk , as his heir Hidemaro succeeded to headship upon Tsuguakira 's death in 1916 . Princess Hitachi is a present day descendant of the main Tsugaru line . Family heads Main line ( Hirosaki ) Branch line ( Kuroishi ) Notable retainers Hirosaki
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3,275 | Secrets of Rtikon is an action adventure , open world video game developed and published by Broken Rules . The player controls a bird and must explore the environment of Rtikon to find its secrets . Game elements include animals with specific behaviors and ancient puzzles . Development began in 2011 and the game was formally announced in July 2013 and followed by alpha and Steam Early Access releases . Rtikon was released on April 17 , 2014 for Windows , OS X , and Linux platforms . It received mixed reviews from reviewers , who praised its artwork and movement physics , but criticized its inconsistency , lack of cohesion , and technical issues . Gameplay Secrets of Rtikon is a single player , story driven , open world sandbox action adventure video game . The player character takes form of a bird . The player controls the bird with three buttons one that flaps its wings , another that takes items into the bird 's beak , and another that makes bird sounds . While the game can be played through keyboard and mouse , the developers instead recommend a controller . The objective is to fly through the Rtikon environment to find its titular secrets , namely by collecting relics to power an ancient device . The environment is split into themed levels such as swamp , lagoon , mountaintops , and forests . Glowing are shards dispersed throughout each level , which can be collected and redeemed at an altar within each themed level for a glowing relic . These relics can be returned to where the player started the game to power a mysterious , ancient device . The player character carries the relics past aggressive enemies and treacherous environment , and completes puzzles of reconstructing animal statues from its pieces to access new levels . Each level features different animals and contain environmental objects that player can interact with . Development Rtikon was first announced in July 2013 , though its development began in 2011 . The game 's Viennese developer and publisher , Broken Rules Games , had previously worked on the 2012 Wii U game Chasing Aurora , which itself was based on a multiplayer prototype for Rtikon . The game is partly based on an Alps region culture conquered by the Roman Empire . Its visuals were inspired by dream like flying sensations . In an effort to increase the game 's replay value , the developers emphasized its artificial intelligence , physics , and interactive qualities , including animal specific behaviors and unk plant foliage . Broken Rules released an alpha version of the game in October 2013 . Around the same time , they announced an Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign in lieu of searching for a publisher . The game later entered Steam Early Access . Rtikon was released on April 17 , 2014 for Windows , OS X , and Linux platforms via Steam , the Mac App Store , and the Humble Store . The Steam edition of the game supports Steam Workshop with a level editor for users to build and share original content . Reception The game received mixed or average reviews , according to video game review score aggregator Metacritic . Reviewers praised the game 's artwork and movement physics , but criticized its lack of cohesion . Some appreciated the moments where the game 's elements coalesced . They estimated the game to run between two and three hours in length . Joystiq 's Sam Prell said that the adventure felt restrictive and linear , like a guided tour . He wrote that Rtikon 's map design encourages players to think methodically about their path rather than to explore the game as a non linear open world . In this way , he felt that its gameplay philosophies contradicted . Hardcore Gamer 's Geoff Thew wrote that the game commits a number of fundamental design sins as one of few games so ceaselessly tiring to play . He felt that the animals who steal the game objectives created busywork , and complained of copious backtracking and the straight up discourteous exclusion of an in game map . Eurogamer 's Jon Denton added that numerous extremely irritating conflicts with off screen animals hurt the game 's pacing . He noted its gameplay influence from Fez and compared its blue shards game mechanics to that of Dark Souls . Denton did not feel that the game deserved the amount of effort it required of its players to understand its story . Reviewers noted technical issues and glitches within the game . Prell noted issues in the game 's physics and game save features . As Rtikon does not support manual saves , he frequently found his progress automatically saved while his player character was stuck in the environment . Thew of Hardcore Gamer found similar physics glitches that trapped him in the environment , which led him to use his keyboard alongside the Xbox 360 controller to circumvent controller compatibility issues . When mentioning the game 's art style , most reviewers gave positive response . Denton described the style as a beautifully drawn , angular 2D world . Prell wrote that Rtikon 's triangle based art style made its characters feel like papercraft and gave the game a sense of reverence and spirituality when complemented by the story , and gave comparison to Shadow of the Colossus . Thew gave similar response noting that it is reminiscent of unk . However , Thew continued to state that while the visuals were distinctive , the game 's alpine area was clichd and predictable and its good looks and smooth movement mechanics did not compensate for the rest of the game 's design . He found the game shallow , uninteresting , and a disappointment ... on almost every level . Denton of Eurogamer praised the moments where he figured out how to find a shard or alphabet piece , but ultimately found Rtikon awkward , with substance did not live up to its style , and causing unjustified and unreasonable frustration .
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3,276 | Not to be confused with Alton Castle . Halton Castle is in the former village of Halton which is now part of the town of Runcorn , Cheshire , England . The castle is situated on the top of Halton Hill , a sandstone prominence overlooking the village . It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building , and a scheduled ancient monument . It was the seat of the Barons of Halton from the 11th century until the 14th century and it then passed to the Duchy of Lancaster . It was besieged twice in the Civil War after which its structure deteriorated . In the 18th century a new courthouse was built on the site of the previous gatehouse . The castle lies in ruins apart from the courthouse which has been converted into a public house . History Building and administration Although there is no surviving evidence , it is likely that Halton Hill was a settlement in prehistoric times . Following the Norman conquest , the Barony of Halton was established by Hugh Lupus , Earl of Chester . The first baron to be appointed was Nigel of Cotentin and it is almost certain that he would have built a motte and bailey castle on the site , constructing it from wood , although the excavations in 1986 87 showed no evidence of a motte and bailey structure or of a timber tower or palisade . It is most probable that during the 12th century the wooden structure was replaced by a castle built from the local sandstone although no documentary evidence of this remains . Details of the building works are obscure but it has been suggested that John of Gaunt , the 14th baron , made alterations to the castle but this again has not been confirmed by documentary evidence . When the 15th baron , Henry Bolingbroke , ascended the throne as King Henry IV , the castle became the property of the Duchy of Lancaster . The earliest documentary evidence of building work at Halton Castle shows that during the 15th century and into the 16th century it was regularly maintained . Between 1450 and 1457 a new gate tower was built . There is no evidence that the castle featured in the Wars of the Roses this would have been unlikely because of its relatively obscure position . However a survey of the Royal Palaces in 1609 suggests that by then the castle had fallen into disrepair . During the Tudor period it was used less as a fortress and more as a prison , an administrative centre , and a court of law . In 1580 81 the castle was designated as a prison for Catholic recusants , but there is no evidence that it was ever used for that purpose . Royal visits There is little evidence of any visits by eminent people to the castle , although there is a belief that in 1207 King John visited and donated 5 towards the upkeep of its chapel . Edward II certainly visited the castle and was there for three days in November 1323 , during which time he also visited Norton Priory . Civil War At the outbreak of the Civil War the castle was garrisoned by the Royalists under the command of Captain Walter Primrose who had been appointed by Earl Rivers . It was besieged by Parliamentary forces under Sir William Brereton in 1643 , and the Royalists eventually surrendered after several weeks . On hearing of the approach of superior Royalist forces led by Prince Rupert , the Parliamentarians abandoned the castle and it was held again for the Royalists under Colonel Fenwick . There was a second siege in 1644 but , as the fortunes of the Royalists declined elsewhere , they withdrew from Halton and the Parliamentarians under Sir William Brereton re occupied the castle . In 1646 a Council of War was held in Warrington where it was decided that the defences of the castles at Halton and Beeston were to be dismantled . In time this was achieved and Halton castle was to have no further military function . By 1650 the castle was said to be very ruinous . More recent history The condition of the building continued to deteriorate although the gatehouse remained in use as a court . In 1728 George Cholmondeley , 2nd Earl of Cholmondeley leased the site from the Crown . In 1737 a courthouse was built on the site of the medieval gatehouse . Henry Sephton , a Liverpool architect and builder and John Orme , a joiner from Prescot , were appointed to carry out the work . The first floor was the courtroom and prisoners were held in the basement . By 1792 the courthouse had fallen into disrepair and money was found to repair it , although the source of that money is unclear . The court continued to function there until 1908 . Around 1800 three folly walls had been added to the existing ruined walls on the east side of the castle to make it look more impressive from Norton Priory , the home of Sir Richard Brooke . One of these walls was demolished around 1906 . During the Victorian era a sunken garden and two bowling greens were constructed within the castle enclosure . In 1977 the castle was leased to Halton Borough Council . In 1986 87 the site of the castle was excavated . Present state The castle continues to be owned by the Duchy of Lancaster and the site is managed by the Norton Priory Museum Trust . The interior of the castle is occasionally opened to the public and there are plans to make it more accessible in the future . The castle is a Grade I listed building . Its walls are in a ruinous state but the circumference is intact and it is possible to walk completely around the exterior . From its prominent position there are extensive views in all directions , including Lancashire , Cheshire , the Pennines , the hills of the Peak District and the mountains of North Wales . The courthouse is now a public house , the Castle Hotel . Its first floor is used as a function room and the basement contains the cellars of the public house . It is designated as a Grade II listed building .
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3,277 | SMS Braunschweig was the first of five pre dreadnought battleships of the Braunschweig class in the German Kaiserliche Marine ( Imperial Navy ) . She was laid down in 1901 and commissioned in October 1904 , at a cost of 23 , 983 , 000 marks . She was named after the then Duchy of Brunswick ( German Braunschweig ) . Her sister ships were Elsass , Hessen , Preussen , and Lothringen . The ship served in the II Squadron of the German fleet after commissioning , though by the outbreak of World War I she had been moved to the IV Squadron . Braunschweig saw action in the Baltic Sea against the Russian Navy . In August 1915 , the ship participated in the Battle of the Gulf of Riga , during which she engaged the Russian battleship Slava . In 1916 , the ship was placed in reserve owing to crew shortages . She spent the remainder of World War I as a training ship , and after 1917 , as a barracks ship for U boat crews . Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , she was retained after the end of the war and modernized in 1921 22 . Braunschweig served in the reformed Reichsmarine as a coastal defense ship until 1926 , when she was again placed in reserve . She was stricken in 1931 and subsequently broken up for scrap . Construction Braunschweig was laid down in 1901 , at the Germaniawerft in Kiel under construction number 97 . The first of her class , she was ordered under the contract name H as a new unit for the fleet . The ship cost 23 , 983 , 000 marks . Braunschweig was launched on 20 December 1902 and commissioned into the fleet on 15 October 1904 . The ship was 127 . 70 m ( 419 ft 0 in ) long overall and had a beam of 22 . 20 m ( 72 ft 10 in ) and a draft of 8 . 10 m ( 26 ft 7 in ) forward . The ship was powered by three 3 cylinder vertical triple expansion engines that drove three screws . Steam was provided by eight naval and six cylindrical boilers , all of which burned coal . Braunschweig 's powerplant was rated at 16 , 000 indicated horsepower ( 12 , 000 kW ) , which generated a top speed of 18 knots ( 33 km h 21 mph ) . Braunschweig 's armament consisted of a main battery of four 28 cm ( 11 in ) SK L 40 guns in twin gun turrets , one fore and one aft of the central superstructure . Her secondary armament consisted of fourteen 17 cm ( 6 . 7 inch ) SK L 40 guns and eighteen 8 . 8 cm ( 3 . 45 in ) SK L 35 quick firing guns . The armament suite was rounded out with six 45 cm ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes , all mounted submerged in the hull . Service history Upon commissioning in October 1904 , Braunschweig was assigned to the II Division of the II Squadron of the German fleet . She was joined by her sister Elsass the following month the II Division was rounded out by the old battleship Weissenburg . The German Navy in 1905 consisted of four divisions of three battleships each , with two divisions per squadron . This was supported by a cruiser division , composed of two armored cruisers and six protected cruisers . After the outbreak of World War I in 1914 , Braunschweig was assigned to the IV Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet . The squadron was commanded by Vice Admiral Ehrhard Schmidt . In July 1915 , following the loss of the minelaying cruiser SMS Albatross in the Baltic , the IV Squadron ships were transferred to reinforce the German naval forces in the area . On 11 and 19 July , German cruisers , with the IV Squadron ships in support , conducted sweeps in the Baltic , though without engaging Russian forces . In August 1915 , the German fleet attempted to clear the Gulf of Riga of Russian naval forces , in order to aid the German Army advancing on the city . The IV Squadron was joined by the I Squadron , which consisted of the eight Nassau and Helgoland class battleships , from the High Seas Fleet , along with three battlecruisers and a host of smaller craft . The task force was placed under command of Vice Admiral Franz von Hipper , though operational command remained with Vice Admiral Schmidt . On the morning of 8 August , the Germans made their initial push into the Gulf Braunschweig and Elsass were tasked with engaging the Russian pre dreadnought Slava and preventing her from disrupting the German minesweepers . However , when it became clear that the minesweepers could not clear the minefield before nightfall , Schmidt called off the attempt . A second attempt was made on 16 August this time , Braunschweig remained outside the Gulf while the dreadnoughts Nassau and Posen took over the task of dealing with Slava . By 19 August , the Russian minefields had been cleared and the flotilla entered the Gulf . Reports of Allied submarines in the area , however , prompted the Germans to call off the operation the following day . On 12 October , the British submarine E18 fired a single torpedo at Braunschweig , though it failed to hit its target . Due to manpower shortages , the IV Squadron ships were demobilized . In 1916 , Braunschweig became a training ship . On 20 August 1917 , she was transferred for use as a barracks ship stationed in Kiel . In this role , the ship supported the III Submarine Flotilla . The Treaty of Versailles , which ended the war , specified that Germany was permitted to retain six battleships of the Deutschland or Lothringen types . Braunschweig was chosen to remain on active service with the newly reformed Reichsmarine . The ship was modernized at the Kriegsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven from 1921 22 . In 1923 , Braunschweig 's bridge was rebuilt and enlarged . She and Elsass , along with the Deutschland class battleship Schlesien , were assigned to the North Sea Station . The ship served with the fleet until 1926 , when she was withdrawn from active duty and placed in reserve . On 31 March 1931 , Braunschweig was stricken from the naval register and temporarily used as a hulk in Wilhelmshaven before being broken up for scrap .
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3,278 | Hervey le Breton ( also known as Herv le Breton died 30 August 1131 ) was a Breton cleric who became Bishop of Bangor in Wales and later Bishop of Ely in England . Appointed to Bangor by King William II of England , when the Normans were advancing into Wales , Hervey was unable to remain in his diocese when the Welsh began to drive the Normans back from their recent conquests . Hervey 's behaviour towards the Welsh seems to have contributed to his expulsion from his see . Although the new king , Henry I wished to translate Hervey to the see of Lisieux in Normandy , it was unsuccessful . In 1109 , a new diocese was created in England , at Ely , and Hervey was appointed to the bishopric created . While bishop , Hervey ordered the compilation of a house chronicle , which later became the Liber Eliensis . He supervised the construction of a causeway between Ely and Exning , which allowed easier access to Ely . Early life Hervey was a native of Brittany , and some sources state a chaplain of King William II of England , while others are less certain that he was a chaplain for the king . He was appointed Bishop of Bangor in 1092 by King William . Bangor at the time was in the Kingdom of Gwynedd , which had recently been overrun by the Normans , and following the killing of Robert of Rhuddlan had been taken over by Hugh d 'Avranches , 1st Earl of Chester . The appointment of Hervey was probably intended to further consolidate the Norman hold on the area . Bangor was under the jurisdiction of the diocese of Canterbury , but Hervey was consecrated by Thomas of Bayeux , who was the Archbishop of York , since the see of Canterbury was vacant at the time . Problems at Bangor Relations between Hervey and the Welsh appear to have been very bad . The Liber Eliensis described the situation as follows Since they the Welsh did not show the respect and reverence due to a bishop , he Hervey wielded the sharp two edged sword to subdue them , constraining them both with repeated excommunications and with the host of his kinsmen and other followers . They resisted him nonetheless and pressed him with such dangers that they killed his brother and intended to deal with him the same way , if they could lay hands on him . Hervey was forced to rely on his own armed bands for protection . In 1094 a Welsh revolt against Norman rule in Gwynedd began under the leadership of Gruffudd ap Cynan , and by the late 1090s Hervey had been driven from his diocese by the Welsh . William of Malmesbury , however , states that the reason Hervey left Bangor was that the revenues of the see were too low . He remained nominally Bishop of Bangor until 1109 . King Henry I of England tried to translate Hervey to the see of Lisieux in 1106 , but the attempt was unsuccessful . The main opposition came from Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury , who was the metropolitan of Bangor , and refused to allow Hervey to go to a Norman bishopric . Anselm had the ability to decide the issue as Pope Paschal II had turned the decision of whether to translate Hervey to another see over to Anselm in 1102 . While in exile , Hervey served as King Henry 's confessor . Bangor itself remained vacant until 1120 , when David the Scot was appointed . Appointment to Ely Before his death in 1107 , Richard the abbot of Ely had attempted to secure from the papacy the elevation of his abbey into a bishopric . After Richard 's death , Hervey was appointed to oversee the abbey during the vacancy . He convinced the monks of Ely to support Richard 's project , which received the conditional approval of Archbishop Anselm , contingent on papal approval . Paschal signalled his approval , and in 1109 the monastery became a bishopric . Ely still remained a monastic house , as the abbey itself became the cathedral and the monks of the abbey became the monks of the cathedral chapter . Also in 1109 , the pope approved Hervey 's translation to a new see , and he was made Bishop of Ely . He was enthroned at Ely in October 1109 . While bishop , Hervey ordered the compilation of a history of the refounding of the abbey of Ely , which later became incorporated into the Liber Eliensis . This was a Latin reworking of an Old English book of grants compiled by Bishop thelwold of Winchester . He was energetic in recovering the feudal rights of the bishopric against knights who had intruded themselves on the lands , but were not rendering knight service to the bishop . As bishop , he attended a legatine council , or council held by a papal legate , in 1127 , and a royal council in 1129 , but otherwise his administrative actions remain obscure . The causeway between the island of Ely and Exning , which made it easier for pilgrims to visit the shrine of Saint Ethelreda , was built under Hervey 's orders . Insight into his activities as bishop is given in the Pipe Roll of 1130 , the first surviving Pipe Roll . In that record , Hervey is recorded as owing King Henry 45 pounds to provide an office for a nephew , 100 pounds on an old settlement with the king , another 100 pounds for the settlement of a case dealing with Ramsey Abbey , Bury St. Edmunds Abbey and the bishop , 240 pounds for the right to be rid of a surplus of knights , and finally 1000 pounds for the king to allow the bishop 's knights to serve unk at Ely instead of Norwich . Death Hervey died on 30 August 1131 . He was buried in Ely Cathedral on 31 August 1131 . He was disliked by Archbishop Anselm , and he was described as a man of secular tastes . His nephew , William Brito , was a royal chaplain and was appointed Archdeacon of Ely by 1110 . Another nephew was Richard , who in 1130 is recorded in the Pipe Roll as paying a fine to the king because of land that his uncle had given him . Another of Hervey 's relative was Gilbert Universalis , who was appointed to the see of London in 1128 by Henry I.
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3,279 | The Action of 5 May 1794 was a minor naval engagement fought in the Indian Ocean during the French Revolutionary Wars . A British squadron had been blockading the French island of Isle de France ( now Mauritius ) since early in the year , and early on 5 May discovered two ships approaching their position . As the strange vessels came closer , they were recognised as the French frigate Duguay Trouin , which had been captured from the East India Company the year before , and a small brig . Making use of a favourable wind , the British squadron gave chase to the new arrivals , which fled . The chase was short , as Duguay Trouin was a poor sailor with many of the crew sick and unable to report for duty . The British frigate HMS Orpheus was the first to arrive , and soon completely disabled the French frigate , successfully raking the wallowing ship . After an hour and twenty minutes the French captain surrendered , Captain Henry Newcome of Orpheus taking over the captured ship and bringing his prize back to port in India . Background Britain joined the French Revolutionary Wars in February 1793 , but the news did not reach the Indian Ocean for four months . The immediate priority of the British squadron under Commodore William Cornwallis in British India was the capture of the French colonies in India , especially their main port of Pondicherry . Once the British had completed this operation at the end of August 1793 , the squadron returned to Europe . This left British commerce in Eastern waters badly exposed , and privateers and warships operating from Isle de France captured a number of merchant vessels , including the large East Indiaman Princess Royal , which three privateer corvettes seized on 27 September in the Sunda Strait . Princess Royal was a well armed ship , carrying twenty six 12 pounder cannon and a number of smaller calibre guns on the maindeck . The French Navy immediately took her into service as the 34 gun frigate Duguay Trouin and attached her to the Isle de France squadron of the frigates Prudente and Cyble , and the brig Vulcain under Captain Jean Marie Renaud . This force skirmished inconclusively with a squadron of East India Company ships in the Sunda Strait in January 1794 , before returning to Isle de France with the captured East Indiaman Pigot . By the early spring of 1794 , three vessels had come out from Britain 32 gun frigate HMS Orpheus under Captain Henry Newcome , the 50 gun fifth rate HMS Centurion under Captain Samuel Osbourne , and the 44 gun HMS Resistance under Captain Edward Pakenham to replace Cornwallis 's squadron . These ships passed the French bases on Isle de France en route to India , and briefly blockaded the port with some success against French merchant vessels Orpheus alone sent three officers and twenty men to India in captured merchant ships . The French too had ships at sea during this period , Duguay Trouin and Vulcain cruising together in the Indian Ocean during the spring before returning to Isle de France . Battle As the French vessels approached the island on 5 May they were sighted by lookouts on the British squadron . The British captains then waited for the French to get closer , launching a chase in the mid morning when they held the weather gage so that the wind was behind them . This allowed them to rapidly close with the French vessels whose efforts to escape were hampered by Duguay Trouin 's poor sailing qualities . At 11 45 , Orpheus was the first to reach the French frigate , firing on Duguay Trouin from long range . Within ten minutes the British ship had pulled closer to the former East Indiaman and although Duguay Trouin briefly returned fire , Orpheus was soon positioned across the starboard quarter of the French ship , allowing Newcome to pour raking fire into the Duguay Trouin without reply . By 13 15 , Duguay Trouin was a battered wreck , with the hull significantly damaged , the bowsprit shot away and heavy casualties among the crew . With his ship unmanageable and Centurion and Resistance now 3 nautical miles ( 5 . 6 km ) away and approaching rapidly , the French captain struck his colours and surrendered . The brig Vulcain had taken the opportunity to escape as Duguay Trouin and Orpheus fought and later reached Isle de France . Newcome lost one midshipman killed and one officer and eight men wounded in the exchange from a crew of 194 . Losses on Duguay Trouin were far more severe the French ship recorded 21 men killed and 60 wounded from a nominal complement of 403 . Aftermath Newcome initially took his prize to Mah in the Seychelles , where he demanded fresh supplies , particularly water , for his prisoners . The French governors of the islands refused , and Newcome stormed and seized the town , taking all of the supplies and military stores . The wounded and sick prisoners were disembarked , and the contents of a small French brig were turned over to the inhabitants to replace the seized supplies . Newcome then returned to India with his prize , but the ship was not subsequently purchased by the Royal Navy . Historical reaction to the battle has focused on the significantly stronger British position in the encounter , with three large regular warships pitted against a hastily converted merchant vessel with a significant proportion of the crew suffering from illness . Duguay Trouin was also weakly built and weakly armed early estimates that the Duguay Trouin 's main battery mounted twenty six 18 pounder long guns were revised to 12 pounders with eight smaller cannon on the upper deck . The British blockade of Isle de France continued throughout the year , with Centurion engaged in an inconclusive action against a French squadron in October . Although Isle de France remained in French hands throughout the conflict , the Indian Ocean was largely under British control by 1796 .
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3,280 | Colonel Walter Rudolph Walsh ( May 4 , 1907 April 29 , 2014 ) was an FBI agent , USMC shooting instructor and Olympic shooter . Walsh joined the FBI in 1934 , serving during the Public enemy era , and was involved in several high profile FBI cases , including the capture of Arthur Barker and the killing of Al Brady . He served in the Pacific theatre during World War II with the Marine Corps and , after a brief return to the FBI , served as a shooting instructor with the Marine Corps until his retirement in the 1970s . A high profile shooter , Walsh won numerous tournaments within the FBI and the Marine Corps , as well as nationally , and participated in the 1948 Summer Olympics . He received awards for his marksmanship until the age of 90 and served as the coach of the Olympic shooting team until 2000 . At the FBI 's 100th anniversary celebration he was recognized as the oldest living former agent and noted as being a year older than the organization itself . Aside from some hearing and memory loss , he remained physically fit at his 103rd birthday and , in March 2013 , became the longest lived Olympic competitor . Early life and FBI career Walsh was born in West Hoboken , New Jersey , which merged with Union Hill to become Union City in 1925 . He joined the Civilian Military Training Corps at age 16 , and the New Jersey Army National Guard in 1928 . After graduating from Rutgers Law School , Walsh joined the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1934 . Later that year , he discovered the body of gangster Baby Face Nelson , who died of injuries sustained in a gun battle with the police in Barrington , Illinois on November 27 , 1934 . Nelson had killed two FBI agents prior to fleeing the scene , wounded , and later died at his wife 's side . The FBI , unaware of Nelson 's death , continued a broad search for him , which included several home raids , through the night and into the following day . The search was not called off until a tip led them to Nelson 's body , which was lying in a ditch in what is now Skokie , Illinois . Walsh was on the team that captured criminal Arthur Barker , son of gangster Ma Barker , in Chicago in 1935 and was later involved in tracking Public Enemy Number One Al Brady in 1937 . On October 12 of that year , he was with the group of FBI agents who ambushed and killed Brady in a shoot out at a Bangor , Maine sporting goods store . While waiting for Brady to arrive , he acted as a clerk in the store for several days and arrested Brady Gang member James Dalhover . As the operation leader , Walsh 's job was to alert thirteen other agents , as well as over 30 other state and local policemen , of any gang member 's arrival by pulling a cord on the window . As they were interrogating Dalhover in the store Clarence Lee Shaffer , Jr . , another gang member , entered the building and began firing at the agents . While arresting Dalhover , Walsh took bullets to his hand , shoulder and right chest , but quickly returned to work . Walsh was employed with the FBI until 1942 when , as a Reserve Marine Lieutenant , he took a leave to serve with the United States Marine Corps during World War II . After he left , Hoover refused to allow any more active agents to be members of any military reserve . He fought in the Pacific Theater , specifically on Okinawa and in North China . In one incident , he and his comrades were pinned down by a sniper , whom Walsh was able to kill from 90 yards away with a single shot to the torso from a M1911 pistol . He earned the rank of Colonel and returned to the FBI for two years from 1946 1947 . In total , during his tenure with the agency , he killed between 11 and 17 suspects . Shooting and the Olympics Walsh got his start with firearms shooting unk off of his aunt 's laundry line . In 1935 he joined the FBI pistol team . Within three years of joining the FBI , he had been presented with two marksmanship trophies from director J. Edgar Hoover . In 1939 , at Camp Ritchie , he set the world record in pistol shooting with 198 points out of a possible 200 and won the individual eastern regional pistol championships in 1939 and 1940 and placing second in 1941 after leading for most of the tournament . He placed 12th in the Men 's Free Pistol , 50 metres competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London , England . At the 1952 ISSF World Shooting Championships , he won a gold medal with the United States team in the 25 m Center Fire Pistol event and a silver in the individual version of that event . After winning many tournaments within the United States Marine Corps , he became commander of their marksmanship training , a position that he held for many years , until he retired in the 1970s . In total , he was selected five times for the All American Pistol Shooting Team . Later life Walsh had three daughters , two sons and seventeen grandchildren . As late as 1997 , he was still receiving awards for his marksmanship , winning the Outstanding American unk of the Year . Until 2000 he served as a coach for the Olympic shooting team , able to see without the aid of glasses even at the age of 92 . At the age of 100 he was present at a re enactment of the Al Brady shoot out in Bangor , Maine . At this event , he was presented with a plaque and the key to the city . At the age of 101 , he was the FBI 's oldest living former agent and was in excellent physical shape , aside from some hearing and memory loss . He credited his longevity to luck , listening to his parents and blessings from God . At the 100th anniversary celebration of the FBI , it was noted that Walsh was older than the agency itself . In March 2013 , at the age of 105 , he surpassed American gymnast Rudolf Schrader to become the longest lived Olympic competitor . He died at his home in Arlington , Virginia in April 2014 , less than a week prior to his 107th birthday .
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3,281 | Maryland Route 500 ( MD 500 ) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland . Known as Queens Chapel Road , the highway runs 2 . 22 miles ( 3 . 57 km ) from Michigan Avenue at the District of Columbia boundary in Chillum north to MD 410 in Hyattsville . MD 500 connects Washington with the northwestern Prince George 's County cities of Mount Rainier and Hyattsville . The state highway also connects those communities with a pair of stations on the Green Line of the Washington Metro . Queens Chapel Road was constructed as the original MD 210 from Washington to Hyattsville in the 1910s . MD 500 was built from Hyattsville through University Park to U.S. Route 1 ( US 1 ) in the early 1930s . MD 500 assumed the course of MD 210 in the mid 1940s . The highway was relocated in West Hyattsville and expanded to a divided highway toward Washington in the early 1950s . MD 500 was truncated at MD 410 when University Park took over the highway prior to the construction of the Metro Green Line through the town in the late 1980s . Route description MD 500 begins at an intersection with Eastern Avenue at the District of Columbia boundary in Chillum . On the other side of the border , the highway heads into Washington as Michigan Avenue . MD 500 heads northeast as a four lane divided highway . The highway veers north and forms the western boundary of Mount Rainier as the highway intersects Chillum Road , which heads west as MD 501 . MD 500 crosses the Northwest Branch Anacostia River and enters the city of Hyattsville . The state highway veers to the northeast and Ager Road splits to the north the county highway which leads to the West Hyattsville station on the Washington Metro 's Green Line . There is no direct access from southbound Ager Road to northbound MD 500 . The missing connection is provided at the intersection with Hamilton Street , which heads east as MD 208 . MD 500 continues northeast through the intersection with Queensbury Road and Belcrest Road the latter provides access to the Prince George 's Plaza Metro Station . The highway reaches its northern terminus at MD 410 ( East West Highway ) . County maintained Adelphi Road continues north on the other side of the intersection . History Queens Chapel Road is named for the Queen 's Chapel , a Catholic church founded on the estate of the Queen family in 1722 in what is now the Langdon neighborhood of Washington . In addition to the extant portion of Queens Chapel Road in Maryland , the road continued into the District of Columbia along what are now Michigan Avenue and 18th Street to Brentwood Road just north of US 1 in the city 's unk neighborhood . The segment of Queens Chapel Road from the District of Columbia boundary to just south of Ager Road was paved as a 14 foot wide ( 4 . 3 m ) concrete road by Prince George 's County with state aid by 1915 . The pavement was extended to Ager Road when that road and Hamilton Street were paved by the Maryland State Roads Commission in 1923 . The segment of Queens Chapel Road from Hamilton Street to US 1 in University Park was paved in concrete between 1930 and 1933 . The portions of Queens Chapel Road south of Ager Road and north of Hamilton Street were originally designated MD 210 and MD 500 , respectively . The portion of modern Queens Chapel Road from south of Ager Road to Hamilton Street originally did not exist . Instead , Queens Chapel Road turned north along what is now Jamestown Road , then made a sharp curve east onto modern Hamilton Street . The highway had a T intersection with Ager Road and continued east to another T intersection where the road turned north while Hamilton Street continued east into Hyattsville . Ager Road , Hamilton Street , and the portion of Queens Chapel Road connecting them were part of MD 209 , which was renumbered as an extension of MD 410 by 1946 MD 210 was renumbered as an extension of MD 500 at the same time . By 1942 , the Maryland State Roads Commission proposed relocating Queens Chapel Road near Northwest Branch to eliminate the highway 's circuitous course and extend Ager Road to the new highway . MD 500 was relocated from Northwest Branch to Hamilton Street as the first carriageway of an ultimate divided highway in 1949 . The second carriageway of the new highway was added in 1951 and 1952 . The portion of the state highway from the District of Columbia to Northwest Branch was expanded to a divided highway in 1951 and 1952 this work included rebuilding the highway 's bridge across Northwest Branch to carry the expanded highway . In addition , the remainder of MD 500 from Hamilton Street to US 1 was widened and resurfaced in 1951 . The divided highway was extended northeast from Hamilton Street to MD 410 in 1973 . MD 500 was reduced from six lanes to four lanes when the highway was re striped in 2005 . The Maryland State Highway Administration transferred maintenance of Queens Chapel Road from MD 410 to US 1 to the town of University Park in August 1988 ahead of the construction of the Washington Metro 's Green Line underneath the town the town subsequently closed the road through town . A 1991 traffic study showed the majority of traffic along the University Park segment of Queens Chapel Road was through traffic before it was closed , and recommended the highway be closed at the southern end of town and only allow traffic to exit the town onto US 1 . After Metro construction was completed in the summer of 1992 , the University Park Town Council elected to keep the road closed to through traffic this measure was affirmed by a town referendum in January 1993 . Today , there is a cul de sac at the southwest end of town adjacent to the MD 500 MD 410 intersection the intersection with US 1 at the northeast end of town only allows traffic to exit Queens Chapel Road . Junction list The entire route is in Prince George 's County .
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3,282 | The Little Fire Chief is a 1910 American silent short comedy produced by the Thanhouser Company . The film focuses on a young boy , Willie Stone , who follows a parade of firemen and attempts to join them as their leader . The firemen find it humorous and allow him to play with them . The fire alarm sounds and Willie attempts to join them , but is too slow . On their way back , Willie holds them up and his sister appears . A fireman named Jack , who has affections for the woman , convinces Willie to be relieved of his command by promising to call him later . Marie Eline played the role of Willie Stone , but the other two credits are claimed to have been William Garwood and Mignon Anderson . The rest of the cast and credits are unknown . The film was released on November 8 , 1910 and does not appear to have had any reviews in the usual trade publications . The film was advertised nationally and was claimed to have been popular in Vancouver , Canada . The film is presumed lost . Plot Though the film is presumed lost , a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from October 29 , 1910 . It states Willie Stone is only six years old , but he yearns to be a fireman . He is much impressed with the parade of firemen he sees in his hometown , so much so in fact that he unk deserts his sister on the streets to follow the ' smoke eaters . ' But Willie is only a little boy , and despite his enthusiasm , he is soon weary and unk . His plight , added to his tears , attracts the attention of a kindly fireman who is driving with his engine back to quarters . The lad 's discomfort is soon forgotten , for the fireman gives him a ride back to the engine house . There Willie gravely applies to the captain for a position on the uniformed force , and is jokingly accepted . But he does not see the humor in it and follows the other men to the unk , where he takes part in their sports . But in the midst of the happiest day of his life , an alarm is sounded , and the firemen hastily slide down the pole to their duty . The new fireman , however , is not the kind to be deserted . Grabbing the helmet , the insignia of his office , he follows the others , but it is too late to go to the fire . He arrives in time to hold them up on their way back , but is captured by his weeping sister . He does not wish to leave his command , but his friend , fireman Jack Allen , finally induces him to go on the promise that he , Jack , will call later . Perhaps one reason Jack is so accommodating is because he likes his sister . Jack pays ardent court to her , and the flame of their affection s resists all of young Willie 's efforts to put it out . He didn 't really mean to try , but he assuredly poured cold water on Jack , for it was in the line of what he regarded as his duty . Cast Marie Eline as Willie Stone William Garwood as Jack Allen ( unconfirmed ) Mignon Anderson as Willie Stone 's sister ( unconfirmed ) In December 1912 , a notice in the The Monroe News Star announced the showing of this film and also gave the key roles of the players . Though the credits cannot be confirmed , the Thanhouser Kid ( Marie Eline ) , William Garwood and Mignon Anderson were given as the featured players . This would indicate that Garwood played Jack Allen and the sister was played by Anderson if the information is accurate . Production The writer of the scenario is unknown , but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . He was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . The film director is unknown , but it may have been Barry O 'Neil or Lucius J. Henderson . Cameramen employed by the company during this era included Blair Smith , Carl Louis Gregory , and Alfred H. Moses , Jr. though none are specifically credited . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions . The cast credits for this production are fragmentary like many 1910 Thanhouser productions . In late 1910 , the Thanhouser company released a list of the important personalities in their films . The list includes G.W. Abbe , Justus D. Barnes , Frank H. Crane , Irene Crane , Marie Eline , Violet Heming , Martin J. Faust , Thomas Fortune , George Middleton , Grace Moore , John W. Noble , Anna Rosemond , Mrs. George Walters . The role of Willie Stone was played by Marie Eline . This film was another example of Eline cast in the role of a boy . Eline 's with the first such credit was as a young Italian boy in The Two Roses . Eline would also star as Hans in The Little Hero of Holland . If the cast information provided by the The Monroe News Star is accurate , it represents the earliest credit of Mignon Anderson for the Thanhouser Company . If it is not , the first known credit for would be four months later in Robert Emmet in March 1911 . The film would also be an early credit of William Garwood , who was among the most important actors at Thanhouser . He joined the company in late 1909 and remained until 1911 before returning in 1912 . His previous and first credited work with Thanhouser was Jane Eyre . Release and reception The single reel comedy , approximately 1 , 000 feet long was released on November 8 , 1910 . The film had a wide national release , advertising theaters are known in Montana , Texas , Kansas , South Dakota , Indiana , Pennsylvania , Maryland , Louisiana , and Missouri . The film was also shown in Vancouver , Canada by the Province Theatre . Bowers does not cite any trade publication reviews for this film , making it unlikely that the film was given attention in The New York Dramatic Mirror , The Moving Picture World or The Moving Picture News publications . The film was apparently a success at the Province Theater when it was shown in Vancouver . It is possible that non advertisement reviews of the film may exist in other publications .
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3,283 | The Italian cruiser Carlo Alberto was the second of two Vettor Pisani class armored cruisers built for the Royal Italian Navy ( Regia Marina ) in the 1890s . She was deployed overseas several times during her career , notably to the Far East and South America . The ship was used as a royal yacht by King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy in 1902 , during which time she was used for radio experiments by Guglielmo Marconi . Carlo Alberto served as a training ship before the start of the Italo Turkish War of 1911 12 . During the war she supported Italian operations in Libya . The ship was virtually inactive during World War I and was converted into a troop transport in 1917 18 . Carlo Alberto was stricken from the Navy List in 1920 and subsequently broken up for scrap . Design and description Carlo Alberto had a length between perpendiculars of 99 meters ( 324 ft 10 in ) and an overall length of 105 . 7 meters ( 346 ft 9 in ) . She had a beam of 18 . 04 meters ( 59 ft 2 in ) and a draft of 7 . 2 meters ( 23 ft 7 in ) . The ship displaced 6 , 397 metric tons ( 6 , 296 long tons ) at normal load , and 7 , 057 metric tons ( 6 , 946 long tons ) at deep load . The Vettor Pisani class ships had a complement of 28 officers and 472 to 476 enlisted men . The ship was powered by two vertical triple expansion steam engines , each driving one propeller shaft . Steam for the engines was supplied by eight Scotch marine boilers . Designed for a maximum output of 13 , 000 indicated horsepower ( 9 , 700 kW ) and a speed of 19 knots ( 35 km h 22 mph ) , Carlo Alberto barely exceeded her designed speed when she reached 19 . 1 knots ( 35 . 4 km h 22 . 0 mph ) during her sea trials from 13 , 219 ihp ( 9 , 857 kW ) . She had a cruising radius of about 5 , 400 nautical miles ( 10 , 000 km 6 , 200 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . The main armament of the Vettor Pisani class ships consisted of twelve quick firing ( QF ) Cannone da 152 40 A Modello 1891 guns in single mounts . All of these guns were mounted on the broadside , eight on the upper deck and four at the corners of the central citadel in armored casemates . Single QF Cannone da 120 40 A Modello 1891 guns were mounted in the bow and stern and the remaining two 120 mm ( 4 . 7 in ) guns were positioned on the main deck between the 152 mm ( 6 . 0 in ) guns . For defense against torpedo boats , the ship carried fourteen QF 57 mm ( 2 . 2 in ) Hotchkiss guns and eight QF 37 mm ( 1 . 5 in ) Hotchkiss guns . The ship was also equipped with four 450 mm ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes . Carlo Alberto was protected by an armored belt that was 15 cm ( 5 . 9 in ) thick amidships and reduced to 11 cm ( 4 . 3 in ) at the bow and stern . The upper strake of armor was also 15 cm thick and protected just the middle of the ship , up to the height of the upper deck . The curved armored deck was 3 . 7 cm thick . The conning tower armor was also 15 cm thick and each 15 . 2 cm gun was protected by a 5 cm ( 2 . 0 in ) gun shield . Construction and career Carlo Alberto , named after King Charles Albert of Sardinia , was laid down on 1 February 1892 at the Arsenale di La Spezia in La Spezia . The ship was launched on 23 September 1896 and completed on 1 May 1898 . She was deployed to South America later that year and returned to Italy on 28 February 1899 . Later that year Carlo Alberto was sent to the Far East and returned on 1 June 1900 . After her return the ship was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet . Carlo Alberto served as the royal yacht for Victor Emmanuel III when he attended the Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom in 1902 . Victor Emmanuel invited Guglielmo Marconi to accompany him and conduct radio experiments en route . Originally scheduled for 26 June , the coronation was delayed by Edward 's illness and rescheduled for 9 August . In the meantime , the ship took Victor Emmanuel to meetings with Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in Kronstadt . She returned to England before the coronation ceremony and then participated in the fleet review at Spithead on 16 August . On the return voyage Marconi conducted more long range experiments with his site in Poldhu , Cornwall . The King then loaned Carlo Alberto to Marconi in September for more testing . She then ferried Marconi across the Atlantic to Glace Bay , Nova Scotia for further experiments transmitting radio messages across the ocean . After 15 December , when Marconi successfully transmitted messages from Glace Bay to Poldhu , Carlo Alberto was sent to Venezuelan waters during the Venezuelan crisis of 1902 03 , when an international force of British , German , and Italian warships blockaded Venezuela over the country 's refusal to pay foreign debts . She returned in early 1903 and was briefly deployed in Salonica later that year . From 1907 to 1910 she served as a gunnery and torpedo training ship . When the Italo Turkish War of 1911 12 began on 29 September , Carlo Alberto was assigned to the Training Division . She bombarded the fortifications defending Tripoli and provided gunfire support to Italian forces at unk , Zuara and elsewhere in Tripolitania . She fired enough ammunition during these missions that her guns had to be replaced in early 1912 . After the war the ship was transferred to the Aegean Sea where she remained until March 1913 . Obsolescent by the beginning of World War I , Carlo Alberto was not very active during the war . She spent almost the entire war based in Venice . The ship began conversion into a troop transport there in 1917 . This required the removal of her armor , the addition of a new deck and internal modifications to suit her new role . The work was finished in Taranto early the next year she was recommissioned with the new name of Zenson on 4 April 1918 . The ship was discarded on 12 June 1920 and subsequently scrapped .
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3,284 | The untitled tenth episode of the second season of the television series 30 Rock was first broadcast in the United States on January 10 , 2008 , on the NBC network . The episode was written by show runner Robert Carlock and Donald Glover , and was directed by Richard Shepard . Guest stars include James Arden , Julia Barnett , Kevin Brown , James Cavanagh Burke , Grizz Chapman , Edie Falco , Toby Huss and Gladys Knight , who appeared as herself . The episode focuses on Liz Lemon ( Tina Fey ) and her decision to invest in real estate , Jack Donaghy 's ( Alec Baldwin ) choice between his job and his girlfriend , and Kenneth Parcell 's ( Jack McBrayer ) addiction to coffee . The production and broadcasting of this episode was heavily affected by the 2007 2008 Writers Guild of America strike . Despite never being officially named by NBC , Episode 210 has been unofficially titled Liz the Business Woman and Coffee TV . Although not unanimously praised by critics , the episode attracted generally positive reviews and was particularly appreciated for its cast rendition of the 1973 Gladys Knight the Pips hit Midnight Train to Georgia . Liz also sings a snippet of Alanis Morissette 's You Oughta Know when leaving a message for the co op board . Plot Liz takes Jack 's advice to invest in real estate , and Jenna Maroney tells Liz that her business manager is selling his apartment . The sale is subject to the approval of the building 's cooperative board , but Liz makes a bad impression and her purchase offer is rejected . Liz gets herself drunk and makes numerous phone calls to the board . Jack is involved in negotiations to acquire a German cable television network , but is struggling to juggle his job and his relationship with C.C. , whose work has taken her to Washington DC . Unable to see each other when they want to , the couple decide to meet in the middle ( in a betting parlor in Pennsylvania ) , but this arrangement proves unsuitable and they later decide to break up . Jack , in conversation with Liz , compares his relationship to Liz 's previous relationship with Floyd , and Liz declares in song that she has to go . Tracy Jordan buys a coffee machine and puts it on Kenneth Parcell 's desk , causing him to develop a caffeine addiction . Comparing New York to Sodom , Kenneth claims that he has been sodomized , and feels guilty that he has let New York change him , contrary to a promise he made to his mother . He therefore decides to return to Georgia on the midnight train however , he quickly returns , explaining that the train was actually departing at 11 45 and he missed it . Production Parts of this episode were filmed during the week of November 5 , 2007 , which coincided with the 2007 2008 Writers Guild of America strike . The strike , which began at 00 01 EST on November 5 , 2007 , did not affect the episode as it had been written earlier and filming was finished on November 9 . Members of Writers Guild of America , East and Writers Guild of America , West voted to end the writers ' strike on February 12 , 2008 , and although writers were allowed to return to work on the same day , Robert Carlock returned to work on February 11 . The remaining writers resumed work on February 13 , which began the production of the next episode , MILF Island . During the filming , actor and executive producer Tina Fey had to balance her duties in order not to breach WGA strike rules . Fey also took to the picket lines along with co star Jack McBrayer . Alec Baldwin wrote blogs on The Huffington Post website in order to demonstrate his support for the WGA writers . Episode 210 was broadcast on January 10 , 2008 and was the final episode , including repeats , of 30 Rock to be broadcast until the episode MILF Island in April . This episode is also notable for being officially unnamed NBC billed this episode on its press releases as Episode 210 . This led some critics to give it the unofficial title of Liz the Business Woman , while others named it Coffee TV . Reception On its original broadcast in the United States , Episode 210 was viewed by 6 . 0 million viewers and earned a 2 . 8 7 in the 18 to 49 year old demographic . This means that it was seen by 2 . 8 of all 18 to 49 year olds , and 7 of all 18 to 49 year olds watching television at the time of the broadcast . Entertainment Weekly 's Jeff Labrecque wrote the episode really finished strong with a fabulous Gladys Knight musical number . Matt Webb Mitovich of TV Guide also praised the musical number , saying that ' Midnight Train to Georgia ' number at the end of tonight 's episode ... Wow . So out of nowhere and so fun . Bob Sassone of AOL 's TV Squad said that the episode was a good episode to go into the hiatus with , if that makes things better . He criticized the fact that the fictional TGS writing staff was not present in this episode , even though they could have been effectively used . Michael Neal of Television Without Pity awarded the episode a grading of A . The Boston Globe 's Joanna Weiss reviewed the episode positively , saying the episode concluded with a musical interlude that was both hilarious and wistful . Despite the good reviews , there was no universal acclaim from critics as a whole . Robert Canning of IGN said that this episode wasn 't the most spectacular half hour from this truncated season and unfortunately , there wasn 't all that much that was funny about it . Sure , there were a couple of decent one liners , but overall Kenneth 's storyline offered up nothing new . Despite these criticisms , Canning added further praise to the Midnight Train to Georgia performance . Canning gave this episode a rating of 8 . 4 out of 10 . Edie Falco was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for this episode .
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3,285 | Major Evan Lorne , USAF is a fictional character in the Canadian American Sci Fi Channel television series Stargate SG 1 and Stargate Atlantis , two military science fiction shows about military teams exploring the galaxy via a network of alien transportation devices . Played by Kavan Smith , Evan Lorne was first introduced as a recurring character in the seventh season of Stargate SG 1 , holding the military rank of Major in the United States Air Force . He joins the Atlantis expedition after The Siege as one of the personnel on the Daedalus class battlecruiser . Lorne was a recurring character in seasons seven and ten in Stargate SG 1 and season two season five in Stargate Atlantis . Smith was originally supposed to play another character in Stargate Atlantis , but the producers eventually decided to keep Lorne , since he was popular with the fans according to Smith himself . He appears in a total of 29 episodes . Character arc Lorne first appears in Stargate SG 1 episode Enemy Mine . Lorne reappears as a part of the new personnel sent after the Wraith siege by the Daedalus and serves as Atlantis ' military second in command under Lieutenant Colonel John Sheppard . In Runner , he assists Sheppard , Teyla Emmagan , and Rodney McKay in the search for Aiden Ford . Lorne possesses the ATA gene , but it has never been revealed whether his gene is natural or artificial . He is seen piloting a Puddle Jumper in several episodes including Condemned and The Hive . Lorne is one of the Atlantis Expedition members in This Mortal Coil that the Replicators take the form of , but they are all killed by Oberoth . In an alternate timeline shown in the episode The Last Man , Lorne is a Major General and appears to be in command of the Stargate Command ( SGC ) . Lorne also appears as the team leader of the SG 1 unit in an alternate universe in the SG 1 season 10 episode The Road Not Taken . In unk , Lorne threatens Sheppard while sleepwalking , believing him to be a Replicator . Lorne is stunned by Ronon Dex , and while being questioned by Dr. Kate unk says that he hadn 't had a sleepwalking incident since he was ten . Lorne 's mother , an art teacher , taught him how to paint on weekends when he was growing up , and Lorne rekindles this muse during his stay on Atlantis . In Tabula Rasa , Lorne , while being unk , takes a severe overdose of a delaying medicine that is supposed to hold back the illness . This causes him ( and all of his team ) to become paranoid , aggressive and confused and they resort to shooting with stunners everyone they see even if they are not affected by the sickness . Eventually , though , a picture of Sheppard convinced him to assist Ronon treat the sick . He later apologised to Sheppard . Originally from San Francisco , California , Lorne also has a sister who has two young boys . He loves ice cream . Conceptual history The character was introduced in the Stargate SG 1 episode Enemy Mine . Kavan Smith had formed a close relationship with director Peter DeLuise before being cast . When the development of the episode was finished , there were no plans of expanding Lorne 's role in the franchise . Smith himself felt the part would not necessarily lead anywhere big . Sometime after shooting Enemy Mine , the producers wanted to talk to Smith about the possibility of having him return to the spin off series , Stargate Atlantis . After the talk , Smith auditioned for a part , he won and received a different character . According to Smith , this character was more of a military guy , but the producers eventually decided to give Smith back his old character , Lorne . When talking about season two of Stargate Atlantis , staff writer , Martin Gero said Lorne had become the most notable recurring character of the series . In an interview with Smith , it was revealed that Lorne 's first name was decided to be Evan , later confirmed by executive producer , Joseph Mallozzi . While fans on the other hand , have given him the first name , Marcus ( or , alternately , Nick ) , the producers or writers have not responded to this . In the episode Spoils of War , a character was going to call him Uncle Evan , this scene was cut off , because of time constraints . At first , plot information about the episode , Coup D 'etat was a bit scarce . Many fans speculated that they were going to kill Lorne off the show . Smith went and had a brief talk with the writing staff , responding to his worries that it was a part of a cliffhanger . According to Smith , the only reason for making Lorne a recurring character was the positive feedback from fans . Sunday became the first episode to reveal information about Lorne 's backstory . Smith described Lorne as that sort of faithful , loyal guy that everybody kind of knows , and representing a steady constant . On his own weblog , Joseph Mallozzi said that Lorne as a character would become more active during season 5 . Reception Cynthia from Sci Fi Universe commented that Kavan Smith played a character who had the same name as the character he originally portrayed in Stargate SG 1 , but was not really the same guy . Concluding her review saying she reacted positive towards the evolution of the character . When talking about science fiction fandom , Smith said that he was shocked about the fan response to his character , further stating that this could only be possible in a science fiction television series . In the interview , Smith said that his character seems to be developing ... I feel like his career is sort of moving ahead . In an interview , Smith said he had evolved a strong fanbase , which started with his more obscure earlier work and has since followed him throughout his career . Because of the strong fan response , Smith has started to attend various Stargate conventions .
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3,286 | Connie Talbot 's Holiday Magic is the third album by British child singer Connie Talbot . Released 13 October 2009 by AAO Music , it features unk of songs from Talbot 's previous album , Connie Talbot 's Christmas Album , as well as new tracks . The album was released after Talbot was named child ambassador for the Toys for Tots Campaign , and some of the proceeds from the album were given to the organisation . The album was marketed with a tour of the United States , a cross marketing campaign with Boscov 's , and a television special produced by WVIA , a DVD of which was later released for sale . Reviews of the album were mixed while Talbot was called sweet and her range was praised , other reviewers considered the album to be cloying and little more than a novelty act . Production In September 2009 , it was announced that Talbot had been named child ambassador of the Marine Corps Toys for Tots Campaign , a charitable programme which purchases toys for underprivileged American children . It was announced that , in addition to promoting the drive on adverts and on television , Talbot 's forthcoming album , Connie Talbot 's Holiday Magic , would be dedicated to the campaign . Further , a portion of the proceeds from the sales of the album were to be donated to the charity . Talbot said that upon being declared ambassador , she was I 'm sad and happy sad because I 'm learning there are so many children who are not as lucky as I am , and I 'm happy that I 'm able to help them . Vice president of the Toys for Tots Foundation Bill Grein said The Marine Toys for Tots Foundation is extremely proud and excited to have Connie as our youngest ambassador ever ... She is the perfect person to inform the public of the millions of less fortunate children who may be overlooked this Christmas holiday season , unless people step up to donate a toy or make a cash contribution . Her angelic looks and voice will remind everyone of the innocence of children ... And they all deserve to experience the magic of the holiday season I hope she sells lots of CDs and raises a lot of money and awareness for our children . The track listing of Connie Talbot 's Holiday Magic was compiled by people including Talbot 's family and friends , and AAO Music manager Peter unk of the tracks , Talbot said that her favourite was When a Child Is Born . Some of the songs had previously appeared on Connie Talbot 's Christmas Album , and Talbot 's official site describes Connie Talbot 's Holiday Magic as re launched . However , Connie Talbot 's Holiday Magic also featured three new songs , and the album 's vocals were completely rerecorded . Release and promotion Connie Talbot 's Holiday Magic was released on 13 October 2009 , by the Albany based record label AAO Music . The release was promoted by a United States tour and a television special . The special , entitled Holiday Magic , was taped from 24 27 September , and produced by WVIA . Holiday Magic featured performances of all of the songs from Connie Talbot 's Holiday Magic , and was available to all PBS stations to be shown in November and December . On the special , Talbot performed with a choir from Scranton High School . A 17 track DVD of the performance , featuring all of the songs from Connie Talbot 's Holiday Magic , and two additional songs , What a Wonderful World and Over the Rainbow , was produced . In addition , the DVD featured an interview with Talbot and behind the scenes footage . Appearances in the United States included performances at the Colonie Center . In addition , Talbot participated in a cross marketing campaign with Boscov 's she received signage and merchandising at Boscov 's stores , and wore Boscov 's clothes . Albert Boscov , of Boscov 's , said We 're thrilled that Connie such a talented youngster is joining us to bring a little holiday magic to everyone this holiday season . unk , of AAO Music , said We have had a long relationship with Boscov 's over the last decade . This campaign was personally picked by Mr. Boscov , and we feel that both parties can be perfect for each other while adding great value to Connie 's Toys for Tots campaign . Reception Connie Talbot 's Holiday Magic received mixed reviews . Sunny Tse , reviewing the album for the South China Morning Post , said that the album was just right for the kids , but added that Talbot 's stunning rendition of ' Ave Maria ' ... will blow your mind . Jonathan Takiff , writing for The Philadelphia Daily News , said that l unk to her trill through ' Silent Night , ' the calypso flavored ' Mary 's Boy Child ' and ' Rockin ' Around the Christmas Tree ' might inspire your kids . He gave the album a B . David Burger , writing for The Salt Lake Tribune , gave the album a B , and praised Talbot 's range , saying that there were sweet , playful and jazzy arrangements . Reviewers also praised the link with the Toys for Tots Foundation , which Tse considered one more reason why you should grab a copy . While Tse described Talbot 's voice as sweet and beautiful , and Takiff called her a freak of nature , with a grown up singing voice in the body of a ( just turned ) 9 year old , other reviewers were more critical . Jon Bream , of the Minneapolis Star Tribune , called the album more cloying than cute , and David unk , writing for The Blade , described Talbot 's performance as little more than a novelty act because of the overly sappy backdrop . unk did praise Talbot for her impressive vocal skills , but considered her earnestness as wasted on arrangements that sound as if they were ripped from a 1930s Shirley Temple songbook . Wayne Bledsoe , writing for unk , said that Talbot has a great voice for a kid , but added that this album wore me out . Maybe it 's the never ending vibrato . Credits Track listing
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3,287 | The music for the 2011 neo noir detective video game L.A. Noire , developed by Team Bondi and published by Rockstar Games , was composed by musicians Andrew Hale and Simon Hale . Recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London , the score also features contributions from Woody Jackson , who had collaborated with Rockstar on previous projects . Andrew Hale felt that composing the game 's score was about setting a mood , attempting to compose music that felt accessible to players . The score was inspired by films from the 1940s , though the team avoided specifically composing for this time period , instead opting to focus on that after the music had been produced . Three supplementary vocal recordings were composed by The Real Tuesday Weld and performed by Claudia Brcken they also sought to fit with the game 's setting . The soundtrack album for L.A. Noire was released in May 2011 . A second soundtrack , entitled L.A. Noire Remixed EP , was released on the same day , consisting of six jazz classics remixed by contemporary DJs . Critical reception to the soundtracks was positive , as reviewers felt that the music connected appropriately with the gameplay and time period . The game 's music was nominated for numerous awards . Production and composition L.A. Noire features an original score . The game 's score accompanies the gameplay , alerting players at specific times musical cues play when players approach items of interest during investigations . Like other games published by Rockstar , L.A. Noire also contains licensed music tracks provided by an in game radio . Over thirty songs , from artists such as Billie Holiday , Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald , feature in the game . To work on the score , the team engaged Andrew Hale and Simon Hale , as well as Woody Jackson , who had previously collaborated with the team on Red Dead Redemption ( 2010 ) . Recorded at Abbey Road Studios , the score was inspired by orchestral scores from 1940s films . In addition to the original score and licensed tracks , the game also features original vocal recordings that create an authentic sound to suit the musical identity of the period . When The Real Tuesday Weld were commissioned to compose the original compositions , they sought vocals that could evoke the period , ultimately falling upon Claudia Brcken . Three vocal tracks were produced ( I Always Kill ) The Things I Love , Guilty , and Torched Song . Music supervisor Ivan Pavlovich stated that Rockstar 's focus on authenticity and realism inspired the composers to reflect the focus in the music . Andrew Hale felt that composing the game 's score was a flexible process about setting a mood , as opposed to a mechanical process in which the music was specifically composed to fit with the time frames of the game the composers decided to focus on the latter after the music was produced . They also attempted to compose something that felt accessible to players , avoiding exclusively focusing on swing or jazz . Andrew Hale felt that the orchestral score assisted in this . Albums L.A. Noire Official Soundtrack L.A. Noire Official Soundtrack comprises songs from the game , composed and produced by Andrew Hale and Simon Hale . The soundtrack spans 28 tracks , covering a duration of 55 minutes , and features additional songs composed and performed by The Real Tuesday Weld and Claudia Brcken . It was first released on the iTunes Store on 17 May 2011 , alongside L.A. Noire Remixed . The score was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London . Additional music was composed by Woody Jackson . In the context of the game , the soundtrack was well received . Kirk Hamilton of Kotaku ranked it upon the best game music of 2011 , appreciating the vibe that it sets for the genre and time period of the game . Jen Bosier of Video Game Writers commended the soundtrack 's recreation of the time period , and felt that the music could be enjoyed outside the game . Evan Andra of SF Critic echoed these remarks , and particularly praised the final three vocal tracks of the album , calling them a suitably enjoyable conclusion to the album . David Smyth of London Evening Standard named the three vocal tracks tense and beautiful , and wrote that the overall soundtrack is mood music of the finest calibre . James Southall of Movie Wave wrote that the soundtrack assisted in the creation of the game 's atmosphere , and particularly praised the album 's action music . Simon unk of Video Game Music Online wrote that the soundtrack successfully recreates several aspects of 1940s ' jazz and movie scores , praising Hale 's understanding of the music type . The soundtrack won the award for Original Music at the 8th British Academy Games Awards , and was nominated for Best Original Score for a Video Game or Interactive Media at the 2011 International Film Music Critics Association Awards . The soundtrack was also nominated for Best Score Contemporary Alternative from Video Game Music Online . L.A. Noire Remixed EP L.A. Noire Remixed consists of six jazz classics from the game 's era , remixed by contemporary DJs . Advertised as a special installment of the Verve Remixed Series , the album includes songs by artists of the period , such as Ella Fitzgerald , Lionel Hampton , Billie Holiday and Dinah Washington , remixed by DJs such as unk , DJ Premier , and unk . It was first released on the iTunes Store on 17 May 2011 , alongside the game 's main soundtrack . The album received generally positive reviews . Bosier of Video Game Writers dubbed it the gem of the collection , stating that it invokes the feeling of the game , as well as involving a nice retro vibe . Smyth of London Evening Standard commended the soundtrack , calling the songs tastefully modernised . The album was nominated for Best Album Remix from Video Game Music Online .
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3,288 | John Carpenter ( born c . 1968 ) is an American game show contestant and IRS agent . He is best known for becoming the first top prize winner on the United States version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire . He held the record for the largest single win in United States game show history , until it was broken by Rahim Oberholtzer who won 1 . 12 million on another U.S. quiz show , Twenty One . Carpenter was also the first top prize winner among all international versions of the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire series . On the November 19 , 1999 , episode , Carpenter proceeded to advance to the million dollar question without using any lifelines . He then used his Phone A Friend to call his father not for help , but rather to tell him he was going to win the game . Carpenter answered the question correctly and became the show 's first millionaire . His win gave him national recognition and led to multiple talk show appearances , as well as reappearances on Millionaire itself . Career and family Carpenter is from Northampton , Massachusetts . His father , Tom , worked as a computer program analyst for the Department of Veterans Affairs , while his mother , Gail , served as an administrative assistant for the Massachusetts Audubon Society . In 1986 , he enrolled at Rutgers University and graduated in 1990 with a degree in economics . In January 1991 , he joined the Internal Revenue Service after completing government exams and tests . In November 1996 , Carpenter met his future wife , Deborah , who was studying for a Master 's degree at Southern Connecticut State University and worked as a manager of a Fleet Bank branch in New Haven . They married in August 1998 . At the time of his appearance on Millionaire , he was 31 years old . When he revealed his profession as an IRS officer on Millionaire , Carpenter was playfully booed by the audience . Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Carpenter was originally uninterested in Millionaire but eventually tuned in one night after dinner while having friends over at his house . When he found the show 's higher tier questions to not be , in his words , any more difficult than the lower tier ones , he decided to call in to the show 's hotline for a chance to become a contestant . Carpenter answered all of the hotline questions correctly and was on the show within two days . Host Regis Philbin described Carpenter as having cruised right through those first fourteen questions , he had proceeded to reach the final question without using any of his lifelines . The 1 million question was , Which of these U.S. Presidents appeared on the television series ' Laugh In ' , with the choices being A ) Lyndon Johnson , B ) Richard Nixon , C ) Jimmy Carter , and D ) Gerald Ford . Carpenter used his Phone A Friend lifeline to call his father not for help , but rather to inform him that he knew the answer . Carpenter later explained , I thought I 'd look so cocky if I didn 't use any lifelines , so I faked it . With his win , Carpenter became the first contestant in the worldwide Millionaire franchise to win the show 's top prize . He said that the only question that had flustered him was one which asked for the location of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral . Carpenter eventually remembered that the film Tombstone included the gunfight , and he replied correctly with the answer ' Tombstone , Arizona ' . While taking a vacation after his win , Carpenter considered quitting his job with the IRS , but eventually decided against it . He explained to Kiplinger 's Personal Finance that after the taxes , it 's not change your life kind of money if you want to eat every day . Carpenter also described the fame as having a bigger impact on his life than the money , later stating The money doesn 't change your life . What happens afterwards might . Later work Shortly after winning on Millionaire , Carpenter played himself in a Saturday Night Live skit . Donald Trump , played by Darrell Hammond , announced that Carpenter would be his running mate in the presidential election . Afterward , Carpenter pretended to call his father , then shouted , Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night Carpenter also appeared on Good Morning America , Oprah Winfrey Show , Live with Regis and Kathie Lee , and Late Show with David Letterman . Carpenter appeared as himself in the second half of the fourth season of Oz . He plays a contestant in a fictional TV game show called Up Your Ante that the prisoners in Em City are watching . The show within the show is hosted by Gordon Elliott , with Eartha Kitt and Didi Conn appearing as celebrity participants . With Rod L. Evans , Carpenter co authored a trivia book entitled Matching Wits With the Million Dollar Mind The World 's Hardest Trivia unk From America 's First Quiz Show Millionaire . The book was published by Berkley Books in 2002 . Other game show appearances In 2000 , Carpenter appeared in the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Champions Edition , in which previous contestants who won 250 , 000 1 , 000 , 000 played again , with half of their additional winnings from the Champions Edition going to a charity of their choice . Carpenter won 250 , 000 , bringing his total Millionaire winnings 1 , 250 , 000 . In 2004 , Carpenter participated in Super Millionaire , as one of the Three Wise Men on the episode during which Robert Bob O Essig won 1 , 000 , 000 . He later participated as part of the Mob on NBC 's 1 vs. 100 on October 27 , 2006 . and as a contestant on the Game Show Network game show Grand Slam . Carpenter appeared on the August 16 , 2009 episode of Millionaire in prime time for its tenth anniversary . In the audience with him was his dad , his wife , and his son . Additionally , he was also the first expert in the Ask the Expert lifeline for the eighth season of the syndicated series .
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3,289 | Outta My Head is a song recorded by British singer songwriter Leona Lewis for her second studio album Echo ( 2009 ) . The track was written by Savan Kotecha , Max Martin and Johan Shellback Schuster , and produced by the latter two . It is an electropop and Eurodance song , and its compositional structure is noticeably different from the other songs on Echo . The instrumentation consists of keyboard riffs and beats , instead of pianos and guitars which are used on the other songs . The chorus of Outta My Head was compared to the works of Australian singer Kylie Minogue and German singer Cascada due to its Eurodance style . It debuted and peaked at number 98 on the Slovakian Singles Chart upon the release of Echo . Lewis has performed the song on Jimmy Kimmel Live and it was included on the set list of her debut concert tour , The Labyrinth ( 2010 ) . Recording and composition Outta My Head was written by Savan Kotecha , Max Martin and Shellback , with production done by the latter two , for Lewis 's second studio album , Echo ( 2009 ) . It was recorded by Ann unk in Maratone Studios , Stockholm , Sweden and at Germano Studios , New York . She was assisted in the process by Christian Baker . It was mixed by Serban unk at MixStar Studios in Virginia Beach , VA . The Pro Tools engineer for the mixing was John Hanes , and his assistant was Tim Roberts . Outta My Head is an electropop and Eurodance song which lasts for a duration of three minutes and 39 seconds it appears as the fifth song on the standard United Kingdom track list of Echo . On the US edition , it runs for one second less and is included as the sixth track . The instrumentation of Outta My Head is different from the rest of the songs on Echo and does not follow the same styles of production . Instead of using pianos and guitars , it employs stuttering keyboard riffs and cheap beats . The lyrics of the song contain a F k you sentiment . Outta My Head moves at a tempo of 130 beats per minute in the key of C major . Lewis ' vocals span from G3 to A5 . The song follows a chord progression of F C Em . Critical reception Outta My Head garnered mixed reviews from music critics . Nick Levine for Digital Spy described Outta My Head as a genuine surprise because of its uptempo style and how different it is to the rest of the songs on Echo , which Levine thought often sounded the same from song to song . He further wrote that the chorus is something which would suit German Eurodance singer Cascada . Writing for The Independent , Andy Gill praised the song for its fast , juddering style and wrote that it is the edgiest song on the album . Although , he thought that it did not deviate from the chunky , machine like reliability which is present on the rest of Echo . Michael Cragg for musicOMH complimented the song for lifting Echo 's overall feel of being mundane , and that it is an obvious highlight of the album . He continued to write that the chorus is brilliantly camp and would be well suited to Kylie Minogue . Nate Chinen for The New York Times thought that Lewis was trying to show musical relevance with songs such as Outta My Head and Love Letter , but achieves it with mixed results . But Ms. Lewis strives for relevance here too , with mixed results . Love Letter is Kelly Clarkson without the spunk Outta My Head is Lady Gaga without the smirk . Mike Diver for BBC Music thought that the song represents cheesy Eurodance and almost achieves being a credible dance song , if it was not for the slightly too cheap sounding , too tinny of production . As part of his review of Echo , Matthew Cole for Slant Magazine wrote that he was unimpressed by the novelty of Lewis ' impressive vocals , writing that she uses the higher registers of her voice too much . The fact that Lewis can sing isn 't a novelty here it 's the premise of the album . On nearly every track she can be found cooing impossibly high melodies over bouncing club beats ( ' Can 't Breathe , ' ' Outta My Head ' ) or imbuing the ballads with thick , powerful choruses to match their outsized string arrangements ( ' Broken ' ) . Hugh Montgomery , writing for The Guardian , was critical of the song , writing that it is the only serious misfire on the album and that it confirms how Lewis does sexy and upbeat like Jedward do singing in tune . Although he thought Lewis ' vocals are technically unimpeachable on Outta My Head , it is the artistry behind it which fails to deliver . Live performances Lewis performed Outta My Head for the first time live on Jimmy Kimmel Live on 25 November 2009 in the United States . She also performed the lead single from the album , Happy . The song was included as the seventeenth song on the set list of her debut concert tour , called The Labyrinth ( 2010 ) . It was later included on the DVD release of the tour , The Labyrinth Tour Live from the O2 . Lewis performed the song in the last section of the set list , along with a cover of Eurythmics Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) and Lewis ' version of Run . Track listing Standard edition Outta My Head 3 39 United States standard version Outta My Head 3 38 Credits and personnel Recording Recorded at Maratone Studios , Stockholm , Sweden Germano Studios , New York . Mixed at MixStar Studios , Virginia Beach , VA . Personnel Songwriting Savan Kotecha , Max Martin , Shellback Production Max Martin , Shellback Vocal recording Ann unk Vocal recording assistant Christian Baker Mixing Serban unk Pro Tools engineer for mixing John Hanes Pro Tools engineer for mixing assistant Tim Roberts Credits adapted from the liner notes of Echo . Chart performance For the week beginning 14 December 2009 , Outta My Head debuted and peaked at number 98 on the Slovakian Singles Chart .
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3,290 | Tropical Storm Earl caused minor damage in the Windward Islands in mid August 2004 . The sixth tropical cyclone and named storm of the annual hurricane season , Earl developed on August 13 from a tropical wave centered well east of the Lesser Antilles . The depression gradually organized as it tracked west northwestward and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Earl roughly a day after genesis . As the system approached the Windward Islands it continued to slowly strengthen , peaking as a 50 mph ( 85 km h ) tropical storm early on August 15 . However , the system unexpectedly degenerated into a tropical wave that afternoon , likely due to its fast forward motion . The remnants of Earl continued across the Caribbean Sea and eventually re developed into Hurricane Frank in the eastern Pacific Ocean on August 23 . Gusty winds in Grenada damaged at least 34 roofs and knocked down twelve trees and six electrical poles . Additionally , a nursing home on the island was evacuated due to significant structural damage . Two houses lost their roofs in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , while moderate crop damage was reported on the island . Downed trees and power lines in Tobago left 90 of the island without electricity . Overall , Earl was responsible for one fatality , nineteen missing , and an unknown amount of damage . Meteorological history The formation of Tropical Storm Earl is attributed to a low latitude , vigorous tropical wave that emerged off the western coast of Africa and into the eastern Atlantic Ocean on August 10 . As the disturbance moved towards the west , satellite imagery revealed a much better structure with much improved banding features and fair upper level outflow , leading to the formation of Tropical Depression Five at 1800 UTC on August 13 , situated roughly 1000 mi ( 1610 km ) east of the Lesser Antilles . The depression progressed rapidly towards the west northwest the following day , embedded and under the influence of a deep easterly flow around the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge to the cyclone 's north . A combination of improved banding features and satellite intensity estimates by the afternoon of August 14 led to the subsequent upgrade of the system to Tropical Storm Earl . At this time , the cyclone was situated about 325 mi ( 525 km h ) east of Barbados . Within an environment characterized by low wind shear , high atmospheric humidity , and warm sea surface temperatures , Earl intensified , reaching a peak intensity of 50 mph ( 85 km h ) by 0600 UTC on August 15 . Initial forecasts from the National Hurricane Center depicted gradual intensification into a powerful hurricane as the system entered the central Caribbean Sea , but these forecasts were lowered in later advisories . Despite an impressive satellite presentation associated with Earl as it passed through the southern Leeward Islands , a hurricane hunter flight reported that the system no longer had a low level circulation late on August 15 . As a result , the NHC discontinued advisories on the system and declared it an open tropical wave . While not entirely sure , it is suspected that the fast motion of the cyclone attributed to its dissipation . The remnant wave eventually entered the eastern Pacific Ocean , developing into Hurricane Frank by August 23 . Preparations , impact , and aftermath Following the development of Tropical Storm Earl , tropical storm watches were issued for Barbados , St. Vincent , and St. Lucia . This watch was modified to a tropical storm warning by August 14 at 2100 UTC , with the addition of the islands of the Grenadines , Trinidad , Tobago , and Grenada . The tropical storm warning for Barbados was changed to a tropical storm watch the following day at 1200 UTC , and all tropical cyclone watches and warnings were discontinued by 1800 UTC . In preparation of the storm , several hundred people in Grenada evacuated from low lying areas to schools set up as shelters . Shopkeepers boarded windows , while airports were temporarily shut down across the Leeward Islands . Initial forecasts predicted that Earl would strengthen considerably into a hurricane and head towards Florida once in the Caribbean Sea , a state already impacted heavily earlier in the month by Hurricane Charley . The local officials urged residents to exercise caution , but not panic due to the large errors in long range forecasts . These warnings eased upon the system 's degeneration into an open tropical wave . In Grenada , Earl produced heavy rains and strong winds that caused moderate damage . On the main island , roofs were blown off twelve homes while three others were partially damaged twelve trees and six power poles were also knocked down by the winds . The heavy rain associated with the tropical storm triggered nine mudslides and three rockslides on the island . Nearby , six homes had their roofs completely blown off while thirteen others were damaged . Flooding was also reported on both islands however , no known damage resulted from them . During the storm , a nursing home had to be evacuated due to significant damage to the structure . On St Vincent and the Grenadines , at least two homes had their roofs blown off and banana crops sustained moderate damage . In Tobago , numerous trees and power lines were downed throughout the island , cutting power to 90 of the island . The highest surface sustained winds in relation to Earl occurred on the morning of August 15 in Barbados and St. Lucia winds were reported at 35 mph ( 55 km h ) . One person was killed by the storm and nineteen others were listed as missing . Following the storm , Grenada requested assistance from the United States Agency of International Development . Local crews worked quickly to cover broken roofs and repair other structural damage . The National Emergency Relief organization were sought for assistance .
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3,291 | John Ashby Lester ( August 1 , 1871 September 3 , 1969 ) was an American cricketer , active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Lester was one of the Philadelphian cricketers who played from the end of the 19th century until the outbreak of World War I. His obituary in Wisden Cricketers ' Almanack , described him as one of the great figures in American cricket . During his career , he played in 53 matches for the Philadelphians , 47 of which are considered first class . From 1897 until his retirement in 1908 , Lester led the batting averages in Philadelphia and captained all the international home matches . Early life and career Lester was born in Penrith , Cumberland , England in 1871 . He began playing cricket at a very young age . He was playing a game in Yorkshire in 1892 when he met Dr. Isaac Sharpless . Sharpless was the president of Haverford College , and invited him to the United States to attend the school . In his early days as a student in Cumberland 's unk School , he had been described as a very indifferent batsman . It was only after entering Haverford that he developed his batting style . As a student at Haverford , Lester excelled as an athlete and a scholar and played football , track , tennis , and soccer . During his freshman year , he averaged 100 . 5 runs per innings . Lester also won the Cope Bat every year during his time at Haverford . In his final season with the school in 1896 , he scored 1 , 185 total runs and took 40 wickets for averages of 79 and 23 . 2 , respectively . He also captained Haverford on their first overseas tour , scoring 105 against the MCC on his first appearance at Lord 's . On this tour , he created a great impression with an average of over 84 and prepared himself for the Philadelphian 's tour of England the following year . Tour of England in 1897 The tour undertaken by the Philadelphian cricketers was very ambitious . Though the results might have been less satisfactory than hoped for by its promoters , the tour was arranged mainly for educational purposes and few of those on the American side expected to win many matches . Previous tours had tended to involve amateur English sides as opponents , with a low level of competition . In 1897 a schedule was prepared including all of the top county cricket teams , the Oxford and Cambridge University teams , the Marylebone Cricket Club , and two other sides , though only a few of the counties thought it worthwhile to put their best elevens onto the field . Starting on June 7 at Oxford , the tour lasted for two months and ended in late July at The Oval . While it initially aroused some curiosity , many English fans lost interest until John Lester and the Philadelphians met the full Sussex team at Brighton on June 17 . Behind a dominant bowling performance by Bart King , Lester helped to seal the victory with his batting . In the first innings , Lester and King were partners in a fourth wicket stand of 107 , with Lester top scoring with 92 . He continued in the second innings with 34 not out . Despite the excitement surrounding Lester 's and King 's performances , the Americans did not fare well overall . Fifteen matches were played , but only two were won , while the team lost nine and earned a draw in four . The other win came against Warwickshire . During this match at Edgbaston , Lester scored 35 runs in the first innings and 67 in the second . Lester was the best batsmen on the Philadelphian side beginning with 72 not out in his first match , he kept up his form all through the tour , scoring 891 runs for an average 37 . 12 . Several counties offered him contracts to play in England . Tours of England in 1903 and 1908 John Lester was chosen to captain the Philadelphians in 1903 and 1908 on their tours to England . Against Leicestershire in August 1903 , Lester made his highest score in first class cricket . In the first innings , he made 126 not out , and this was followed by a respectable 64 in the second innings . His batting on this tour so impressed the critics that he was called the one batsman ( among the Philadelphians ) who may almost ( be ) described as great and that he would soon be one of the greatest men of his day In his last first class match on the 1908 tour , Lester posted a score of 34 in the first innings , but was dismissed LBW for nought in the second innings . He did manage to take 4 wickets in the Philadelphians ' loss to Kent . Legacy and later life John Lester helped to lift Philadelphia cricket to the highest levels of international play with his leadership and understanding of the sport . He is one of the few American cricketers noted in Cricket Scores and Biographies , which said that he was a watchful batsman who could hit well and had plenty of strokes and strong defence . In 1951 he authored A Century of Philadelphia Cricket , which was a definitive history of the game in the area . Lester was also integral in the foundation of the C.C. Morris Cricket Library when he proposed that cricket , with a history and literature second to none should be given a permanent home in the United States . In 1969 he made his final public appearance at a cricket function when the library was opened at Haverford . Lester received his PhD in education from Harvard University in 1902 and for many years was head of the English department at the Hill School Pottstown , Pennsylvania and served as a university professor . He died in 1969 and as a lasting memorial , the pavilion at Cope Field is named in his honor . Teams International United States of America USA first class Philadelphia Philadelphia club Merion Publications Essays of Yesterday and Today . New York Harcourt , Brace and Company , 1943 . A Century of Philadelphia Cricket . Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press , 1951 .
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3,292 | Robert Watson Bob Schmertz ( March 4 , 1898 June 7 , 1975 ) was a Pittsburgh based architect and folk musician whose music has been covered by Pete Seeger , Burl Ives , Tennessee Ernie Ford , Bill and Gloria Gaither , The Statler Brothers , The Cathedrals , Dailey Vincent , the River City Brass Band , and Ernie Haase Signature Sound . Born in Squirrel Hill , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , Schmertz attended the Carnegie Institute of Technology , where he wrote the Carnegie Tartans ' fight song , Fight for the Glory of Carnegie , and played the banjo in a jazz orchestra after he graduated with an architecture degree in 1921 , Schmertz designed buildings . He taught at Carnegie for more than thirty five years before his retirement . As a folk musician , Schmertz released four albums , with his third , Sing Oh The City Oh Songs of Early Pittsburgh , in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of Pittsburgh 's founding a reviewer for Keystone Folklore Quarterly called it tuneful and well done in the folk tradition . Before his death , Schmertz completed a book of his songs , but died before it published . Ten days after he suffered a stroke , Schmertz died on June 7 , 1975 . Early life Schmertz was born on March 4 , 1898 , in Squirrel Hill , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . After he completed studies at Peabody High School , where he met his future wife , Mildred , Schmertz attended the Carnegie Institute of Technology ( today , Carnegie Mellon University ) . In May 1917 Schmertz , dressed in light flannel trousers , a girl 's unk blouse and a small white hat , was arrested after he stood outside a theater and encouraged persons exiting the theater to join the navy as , according to Schmertz , a part of an initiation ritual to join a fraternity he was charged with mocking the uniform but a magistrate later dismissed the charge . At Carnegie , Schmertz wrote the Carnegie Tartans ' fight song , Fight for the Glory of Carnegie , wrote college musicals , led a dance band , played the banjo in a jazz orchestra , and worked on the Carnegie yearbook staff . In 1921 , he graduated with a degree in architecture . Architecture and professorship As an architect , Schmertz designed the St. Michael 's of the Valley Church in Rector , Pennsylvania , and the renovation of the Unity Chapel in Latrobe , Pennsylvania . In 1930 , the Common Brick Manufacturers ' Association of America in Cleveland , Ohio , awarded Schmertz an honorable mention in a houses already built contest . Three years later , Schmertz served on a Pittsburgh based American Institute of Architects executive committee that sought to identify western Pennsylvanian buildings constructed before 1860 . Schmertz worked as a member of Fisher and Schmertz , and , later , headed the firm of Schmertz , Erwin and Associates . According to George unk of The Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine , many of the buildings Schmertz designed were homes . Schmertz taught design at the Carnegie Institute of Technology for more than thirty five years . At Carnegie , Schmertz worked on a team that designed a cyclotron for the university in unk , Pennsylvania . Schmertz retired from his professorship in 1965 ( named a professor emeritus ) , but was teaching at the university in 1973 . Folk musician In 1949 , Schmertz , who played the banjo in college , recorded an LP , Songs by Robert Schmertz , after his friends bought him studio time . Schmertz 's second studio album , Robert Schmertz Sings His Songs , was released in 1955 from the album , Burl Ives covered Angus unk McTavish Dundee on the Captain Kangaroo show . By 1958 , a writer for the Deadwood Pioneer Times in Deadwood , South Dakota , wrote that Schmertz was rapidly gaining national prominence as an interpreter of American musical and lyrical idiom after Schmertz wrote a song , Swing Away , Pearly Gates , for Edmund Karlsrud and the unk , who performed it as a part of their 1957 1958 tour . In 1958 , composer Elie unk and lyricist Edward unk cited Schmertz 's Monongahela Sal and Lock No . Ten as inspiration for The Mermaid in Lock No. 7 , a musical in the folk idiom , expanded by modern , sophisticated treatment that debuted at the American Wind Symphony Orchestra . Schmertz 's third album , Sing Oh the City Oh Songs of Early Pittsburgh , released on Folkways Records in 1959 , featured folk songs , such as unk , named after Pierre Joseph unk de Blainville , and The Battle of Bushy Run , after the battle of the same name , in commemoration of the bicentennial of Pittsburgh 's founding . A reviewer for Keystone Folklore Quarterly described the album , to which two of his children , Gretchen Schmertz Jacob and John Schmertz , contributed , as tuneful and well done in the folk tradition . A reviewer for Billboard magazine called it a fascinating package of songs that will appeal to folklorists , educational groups , and , of course , residents of Pittsburgh particularly . Schmertz released his final album , Ladies Beware of an Architect Songs for Architects and Their Girlfriends , in 1960 . Schmertz 's music has been covered by Pete Seeger , who called Schmertz a very good songwriter , Burl Ives , Tennessee Ernie Ford , Bill and Gloria Gaither , The Statler Brothers , The Cathedrals , Dailey Vincent , the River City Brass Band , and Ernie Haase Signature Sound . Later life In 1970 , Schmertz retired from his position at Schmertz , Erwin and Associates . In 1973 , he resided in Ben Avon , Pennsylvania . With his wife , Mildred Floyd , an art teacher , Schmertz had four children Gretchen Schmertz Jacob , John , Jack , and Mildred . Before his death , Schmertz compiled a book on his songs , though he died before it published . Ten days prior to his death , Schmertz sustained a stroke , and , on June 7 , 1975 , died after a long illness .
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3,293 | Castle Walls is a song by American singers T.I. and Christina Aguilera , from T.I. ' s seventh studio album No Mercy ( 2010 ) . Alex da Kid produced the song and co wrote it along with Skylar Grey and T.I. The song was initially produced for Diddy 's album Last Train to Paris , but Diddy felt that Castle Walls would be better suited to T.I. Aguilera was later chosen as the featured artist on the song . A hip hop and electro number , Castle Walls received mixed response from music critics , some of whom picked it as a highlight from No Mercy , and some others criticized the song 's lyrics . Despite not being released as a single , the track still managed to appear on record charts of several nations , including on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles , where it peaked at number five . Background Originally , Castle Walls belonged to Diddy , who had commissioned the song for his fifth album Last Train to Paris with his group Dirty Money . But Diddy told T.I. , Yeah , this is my record , but you know what , I think this is a better fit for you . I think you should rock out on this one . I think this speaks volumes to where you are , what you going through , what you living and how you feel . Consequently , Christina Aguilera was chosen as the featured guest on the song , which appeared on T.I. ' s album No Mercy . Alex da Kid , producer of the song , said about the collaboration , I love it . I think it 's amazing . It 's my sound , just kind of an evolution of that . I think it 'll cater to a lot of different people . T.I. told RapFix Live about the track 's inspiration I live the life that most would die for , but there 's a lot of things that come with this life . People don 't take that into consideration . There are a lot of things in this life that I would trade in a minute just for a slice of normalcy ... I just listed a few things that they probably never viewed from that particular perspective . Because I think people need to see things another way they need to see it other than just celebrity . In November 2010 , Alex da Kid announced that Castle Walls would be released as a single from No Mercy . However , the song was not released . A 30 second snippet of the song featuring Aguilera 's part was released onto YouTube later that month . Composition Castle Walls lasts for a duration of 5 29 ( five minutes and twenty nine seconds ) and is a hip hop and electro song . The song features a Europop keyboard in its arrangement . Nathan Rabin from The A.V. Club wrote that the lyrics of Castle Walls offer similarly incisive and only occasionally self pitying commentary on the tragedy and triumph of being young , black , rich , famous , and a repeat felon . The song begins with the chorus , in which Aguilera sings , Everyone thinks that I have it all But it 's so empty living behind these castle walls ( These castle walls ) If I should tumble if I should fall Would anyone hear me screaming behind these castle walls There 's no one here at all , behind these castle walls . After the chorus , T.I. raps the verse See with the Phantoms and Ferraris in the driveway But you see it came in exchange of a sane man 's sanity Your vision jaded by the Grammys on the mantlepiece Just switch your camera lenses , you will see the agony over a warbling electronic background and hip hop beats . Towards the song 's conclusion , there is a sad string arrangement and an electronica influenced triumphantly striding beat . An editor from HipHopDX compared Castle Walls to Love the Way You Lie by Eminem featuring Rihanna , which was also produced by da Kid . Reception Castle Walls received mixed reviews from music critics . Becky Bain from Idolator called Castle Walls a bright spot for both T.I. and Aguilera after the not so great years both artists have had . Steve Jones , an editor from USA Today , praised Aguilera 's appearance on the track and picked it as one of the highlights on No Mercy . Likewise , Slava unk of HipHopDX and The Boston Globe 's Ken Capobianco labelled Castle Walls a standout from No Mercy and applauded Aguilera 's vocals . Chase McMullen from One Thirty BPM thought that the song epitomizes the album nearly perfectly , but opined that Justin Timberlake should be the guest vocalist rather than Aguilera . Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly simply deemed the track mournful , lonely and described the chorus on the song as melancholy . David Amidon writing for PopMatters wrote a mixed review , calling Castle Walls heartfelt ... but it also feels like a hip hop version of late period Phil Collins , a sort of end so inoffensive and far removed from the life force of hip hop as to appear a sick joke . Critic Jody Rosen from Rolling Stone was displeased with the lyrics of the song , deeming it an icky bit of self pity from a rich and famous man . Sean Fennessey of The Washington Post named it an unfortunately regal perspective , while Pitchfork Media 's Tom Breihan called it downright insulting . Prefix Magazine 's Dave Park described Castle Walls as cloying and opined that the track bore an embarrassing resemblance to Britney Spears ' song Lucky ( 2001 ) . Despite not being released as an official single , Castle Walls still managed to enter the record charts of several countries . The track was a success in South Korea , where it debuted at number six on the Gaon International Singles Chart during the week of 5 December 2010 . In the United States , the song reached number five on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart and number 84 on the Hot R B Hip Hop Songs . On the Canadian Hot 100 chart , it peaked at number 99 . Castle Walls also entered the charts of three European countries number 27 in Czech Republic , number 31 in Slovakia , and number 51 in Sweden . Weekly charts
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3,294 | Tropical Storm Don was the fourth named storm of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season and the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in the United States during the 2011 season . Forming from an area of low pressure along a tropical wave , Don was operationally upgraded straight to tropical storm intensity on July 27 , after a reconnaissance aircraft noted the presence of tropical storm force winds . It tracked across the Gulf of Mexico and reached a peak intensity of 50 mph ( 85 km h ) before moving ashore in Texas on July 30 as a tropical depression . Initially , Don was a possible catalyst for relief to the drought stricken state , but the system dissipated rapidly after making landfall , providing very little in the way of help to the state . Meteorological history The genesis of Tropical Storm Don was from a tropical wave first identified off the west coast of Africa on July 16 . It tracked westward over the open Atlantic for several days , with minimal convection confined to the monsoon trough . The National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) first mentioned the potential for gradual tropical cyclogenesis on July 21 , when it was positioned about 750 mi ( 1200 km ) to the east of the Windward Islands . As the system moved through the Lesser Antilles on July 23 , it produced tropical storm force winds in Puerto Rico . The combination of vertical wind shear and the wave 's proximity to land impeded further development . Convection increased along the northern portion of the wave on July 24 , although by the following day the NHC expected no significant redevelopment . Early on July 26 , the thunderstorms along the tropical wave became more concentrated to the south of Cuba , in association with a low pressure area . The system continued to organize , and by 0600 UTC on July 27 , the surface circulation became defined enough for it to be classified as a tropical depression about 60 mi ( 95 km ) northeast of Cancn , Mexico . Within twelve hours , the depression intensified into a tropical storm . Operationally , the system was not known to be a tropical cyclone until 2100 UTC on July 27 , after a reconnaissance aircraft flight into the system confirmed the presence of a closed , albeit elongated , circulation center . At that point , the NHC classified it as Tropical Storm Don . Upon forming , the storm moved to the west northwest along the southern periphery of a low to mid level ridge over the northern Gulf of Mexico . Due to generally favorable conditions , including warm waters and light to moderate wind shear , the NHC predicted steady intensification to winds of at least 65 mph ( 100 km h ) . However , none of the tropical cyclone forecast models anticipated much strengthening . Initially , Don failed to intensify significantly due to a misalignment between the lower and mid level circulations . The wind shear in the region further exposed the circulation from the convection late on July 28 , although the winds increased slightly . Early on July 29 , Don attained peak winds of 50 mph ( 85 km h ) as reported by the Hurricane Hunters , and the storm maintained that intensity while moving across the Gulf of Mexico . As Don approached the Texas coast early on July 30 , the thunderstorms rapidly diminished due to the combination of wind shear , drier air , and cooler water temperatures just offshore . The winds decreased as the convection dissipated , and Don made landfall on Padre Island National Seashore as a tropical depression at 0230 UTC on July 30 . About three and a half hours later , Don degenerated into a remnant low , and the circulation dissipated six hours after that . Preparations and impact The state civil protection agency in Quintana Roo warned that the tropical wave from which Don formed was capable of dropping 80 to 150 mm ( 3 . 1 to 5 . 9 in ) of rainfall over the state , while producing sustained winds of 35 to 45 km h ( 22 to 28 mph ) and gusts up to 65 km h ( 40 mph ) . After Don was designated as a tropical storm , the Yucatn state government issued a green level alert . The alert indicated that although the tropical storm was located close to the state , it was only considered to be slightly dangerous . Late on July 27 , the National Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm watch from Port Mansfield to San Luis Pass in Texas . Six hours later , the tropical storm watch was extended southwards to the international border . After the storm was named , officials in Texas began making preparations for Don . The University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston issued a level one alert for Don , and city officials began preparing for a possible evacuation . On July 27 , oil companies throughout the western Gulf of Mexico began removing non essential personnel from their rigs and platforms in preparation for Don . The next day , BP , Royal Dutch Shell , Anadarko and Apache announced the evacuations of some of the oil facilities in the area , while Exxon Mobil began preparing the Baytown Refinery for a possible storm strike . Several oil companies stopped oil production as a result of Don by midday on July 28 , 6 . 8 of oil production and 2 . 8 of natural gas production in the Gulf had been shut in ahead of the storm . Due to its abrupt weakening prior to landfall , Don produced minimal rainfall , with totals of less than 1 in ( 25 mm ) . However , Bay City , Texas , located well northeast of where the storm made landfall , reported 2 . 56 in ( 65 mm ) . In southern Texas , the rains resulted in slippery roads and some ponding . Cotton farmers benefited from what rains that did fall as they harvested their crop . Winds during Don 's passage were minimal , with a peak wind gust of 41 mph ( 66 km h ) at Waldron Field . In addition , Don moved ashore with a storm surge that peaked at about 1 . 89 ft ( 0 . 58 m ) at Bob Hall Pier . There were no reports of damage .
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3,295 | The Obvious Child is a song recorded by American singer songwriter Paul Simon . It was the lead single from his eighth studio album , The Rhythm of the Saints ( 1990 ) , released by Warner Bros. Records . Written by Simon , its lyrics explore mortality and aging . The song is accompanied by a performance from Brazilian drumming collective Olodum in a live recording . Simon wrote his lyrics to complement the song 's rhythm in following this approach he wrote many passages that could be considered nonsensical . The single , released in September 1990 , was commercially successful , performing well on charts worldwide . In the United States , it was mainly successful on the Album Rock Tracks chart , where it peaked at number 21 . Outside the US , The Obvious Child was a top 15 hit in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands . The song received highly positive reviews upon its release . Simon promoted the song alongside Olodum in a performance on Saturday Night Live . The song also influenced popular culture it is the namesake of the 2014 film Obvious Child . Background The rhythm tracks are performed by Grupo Cultural Olodum , a drumming collective ( unk afro ) directed by unk do Samba ( Alves de Souza ) and also signed to Warner Bros. It , like many songs on The Rhythm of the Saints , was recorded live in the streets of Pelourinho Square of Salvador , Brazil in February 1988 . Microphones were hung from windows or on telephone poles to capture the performances . According to Simon , Hundreds of people gathered . It was an amazing day an amazing recording experience . The vocal track was recorded at the Hit Factory in New York City . Composition The song 's drum introduction is indebted to Madagascar , a song by Olodum from their 1987 LP unk unk . Writer Steve Sullivan writes that the figure is a standard device for the group , who also employ abbreviated versions of it elsewhere on the album Salvador Nao unk and unk Cuba Brasil . Following this , the song breaks into an instrumental fragment that , according to Stephen Holden of The New York Times , echoes the Silhouettes ' 1957 doo wop hit , Get a Job . Holden also compared the song 's conclusion to another doo wop song , the Charts ' unk ( 1957 ) . The song 's lyrics thematically relate to a fear of aging and leaving behind the boldness of youth , according to Sullivan . Holden considered it a story of an everyman pondering the uncertainty of life whilst navigating his high school yearbook . Rolling Stone 's John unk too found it an everyman battling the fact that his days have become defined by their limitations and dogged ordinariness . For The Rhythm of the Saints , Simon was inspired by poet Derek Walcott , and would base first draft lyrics on his poems . Simon attempted to match the rhythmic quality of the composition with his lyrics , whether that meant a lyric was meaningless or not . A lyric relating to the cross is in the ballpark , for example , has no meaning Simon said , I found it to be a satisfying rhythmic phrase against the drums . Chart performance The Obvious Child performed well on singles charts in several territories worldwide . In the United States , the song reached a peak of number 92 on the Billboard Hot 100 on January 5 , 1991 it spent five weeks on the chart as a whole . It performed better on the magazine 's Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , where it placed at number 21 on November 10 , 1990 , and on the Modern Rock Tracks chart , where it reached a peak of number 24 a week earlier on November 3 . It had more longevity on the former chart , where it spent ten weeks total . In Canada , the song first debuted on the RPM 100 on October 20 , 1990 at position 98 . It peaked at number 28 during the week of December 8 , 1990 , and remained at that peak for two weeks . Internationally , the single performed better . In the United Kingdom , the song premiered on the UK Singles Chart on September 30 , 1990 at number 61 , and rose over the following weeks to a peak of number fifteen on November 4 , 1990 . It charted best in the Netherlands ' Nationale Top 100 , where it reached a peak of number 12 . On Belgium 's Ultratop 50 , it hit number 29 . In Australasian territories , it charted right outside the top 40 in Australia , the song reached number 42 , and in New Zealand , it peaked at number 46 . Reception Upon its release , The Obvious Child received positive reviews from music critics of the time . Stephen Holden of The New York Times was perhaps the most effusive Greg Sandow of Entertainment Weekly praised the song 's confident drums that resound with special exuberant zing . A reviewer for People felt that the more exotic musical elements are subsumed by Simon 's pretty pop structures ... You never get the impression that Paul has truly gone native or even considered it . He 's more like a kid camping under the stars in his own backyard . Reviews have continued to be very positive over time . Writer Steve Sullivan , in his book Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings , Volume 1 ( 2013 ) , calls the song an extraordinary work that surpasses any individual song Paul Simon had ever produced as a solo artist . Cameron unk , in a 2014 article for The A.V. Club , examined the song he called it the perfect confluence of the wild , frenetic drumming and Simon 's folksy melodies . Promotion and use in media Simon performed the song , accompanied by Olodum and unk do Samba , on Saturday Night Live on November 17 , 1990 . The song is the namesake for the 2014 film Obvious Child it appears in a scene in which two characters drunkenly dance together . Director Gillian Robespierre titled the film with hope that its meaning would be ambiguous . Formats and track listing All songs written by Paul Simon , except where noted . Charts
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3,296 | Towel Power is a term used by the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) to describe the waving of rally towels by their fans . The tradition started in the 1982 Campbell Conference Finals when Vancouver played the Chicago Blackhawks . During game two of the series , head coach Roger Neilson waved a white towel on the end of a hockey stick in a mock surrender after being upset with the officiating . Neilson was ejected and the Canucks lost 4 1 . When Vancouver returned home from Chicago for the following game fans supported both Neilson and the Canucks by waving towels first at the airport when the team arrived and then during the next game . The Canucks won the next three games and advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals where they were defeated by the New York Islanders . As part of the tradition , the Canucks hand out towels prior to playoff games for fans to help support the team . History Background Late in the 1981 82 season the Vancouver Canucks played a game against the Quebec Nordiques in Quebec City . During the game Canucks ' enforcer , Tiger Williams was punched by a fan . In response Canucks ' head coach Harry Neale went into the crowd to get the fan and a few players followed suit . For his actions NHL President John Ziegler suspended Neale for eight games . Neale 's suspension began with four games remaining in the season and assistant coach Roger Neilson took over the head coaching duties for Neale . Vancouver finished the year with a 30 33 17 record , second in the Smythe Division and qualified them for the playoffs . Neale 's suspension then carried over for the first four games . Despite the losing record the Canucks finished the year with an eight game unbeaten streak , which continued into their first round match up with the Calgary Flames . Vancouver swept the Flames in three straight games advancing to the second round where they faced the Los Angeles Kings . With Canucks ' General Manager Jake Milford retiring and Neale set to replace him , Neale told Milford to keep Neilson as head coach for the remainder of the playoffs , believing the team had bonded under his guidance . With Neilson remaining as head coach , the Canucks eliminated the Kings in five games and advanced to the Campbell Conference Finals against the Chicago Blackhawks . Incident Vancouver won the first game of the series in Chicago 2 1 in double overtime , but fell behind in game two 3 1 . During the game the Canucks felt that referee Bob Myers was making questionable calls against them . A series of events in the third period ignited tempers . First , Vancouver had a goal disallowed . Soon after , there was a perceived non call against Chicago , followed by a fourth consecutive penalty called against the Canucks . Denis Savard scored on the power play to put the Black Hawks up 4 1 . This enraged the Canucks ' bench . Assistant coach Ron Smith yelled out We give up , we surrender , we give up . Williams suggested to Neilson that he throw sticks onto the ice in protest . Neilson noted that he had done that before , and he had a better idea . He proceeded to take a white towel and place it on the end of a hockey stick holding it up in a mock surrender . Some of the Canucks ' players followed suit . Neilson was ejected from the game along with two players . Vancouver goaltender , Richard Brodeur later noted that although they lost the game the atmosphere in the dressing room was so positive it was as if they had won . Aftermath Neilson was fined 1 , 000 and the franchise was fined 10 , 000 as a result of the incident . Myers later called Nielson 's action bush league . While NHL executive vice president Brian O 'Neill stated that the mock surrender disgraced the championship series , Canucks ' captain , Stan Smyl , noted that several players were surprised by Nielson 's action because the coach had always been respectful , and it was an extreme way for him to react . When the Canucks returned home , they were greeted by fans at the airport waving towels in support of the team . During game three , fans waved towels to show support for the Canucks . Former professional football player , wrestler , and five time world belly flop champion Butts Giraud got permission from the team to start selling towels with the phrase Canucks Take no Survivors . He initially had 5 , 000 of them made at 1 apiece and sold 1 , 000 of them right away , proceeds going to charity . Giraud would sell 30 , 000 towels personally , the proceeds for charity amounted to 23 , 000 . Vancouver won game three 4 3 to take the lead in the series . For game four there were more fans waving towels as the Canucks won again 5 3 . Vancouver won game five in Chicago and advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals , where they were swept by the New York Islanders . To continue the tradition , the organization produces 20 , 500 white towels with the Canucks logo for each playoff game . Following his first playoff game in 2007 Vancouver forward Alex Burrows stated It looks like the fans are really into the game and the atmosphere out there is something else , people are really passionate instead of just sitting and no one moving or anything like some places . It just creates movement and it seems like there is more enthusiasm and intensity in the building . As part of their 40th season celebration the Canucks organization commissioned a permanent statue of Nielson . Standing over 11 feet tall and weighing over 800 pounds the bronze statue depicts Nielson 's mock surrender which started towel power . The first use of rally towels in professional sports was the Pittsburgh Steelers football team 's Terrible Towel , in 1975 . Minnesota Twins first used Homer Hanky towels in 1987 . In recent years , other NHL hockey teams have used rally towels at home games , including Anaheim Ducks Fowl Towels .
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3,297 | Eilat Airport ( Hebrew unk unk unk , unk unk unk Eilat Arabic unk ) , also known as J. unk Airport ( IATA ETH , ICAO unk ) , is an Israeli airport located in the city of Eilat , and named for Arkia Airlines founder Yakov unk ( Jacob Housman ) . Eilat Airport is located in the central area of the city , next to Route 90 ( The Arava Road ) . It mostly handles domestic flights to Tel Aviv and Haifa with international flights operating instead to Ovda International Airport , but a few international flights on aircraft that can handle the relatively short runway use Eilat as well . The airport is expected to cease civilian operations by 2017 when Eilat 's new international airport , Ramon Airport , should become operational . History Eilat Airport was established in 1949 by the Israel Air Force , following the 1948 Israeli War of Independence . During its early years , the airport aimed to establish a comprehensive set of connections to towns across the country , most notably with Tel Aviv and Haifa . Consequently , a regular route from Eilat to Lod Airport ( now Ben Gurion International Airport ) was started . Soon after , a route to Haifa Airport became operational . In December 1950 , following their establishment , Arkia Israel Airlines became the largest domestic operator at Eilat Airport , taking the position of the former companies unk and unk . To this day , they retain this position . Later , in 1964 the runway was expanded to 1500 m , and a passenger terminal was built . Five years later , the runway was further expanded increasing the length to 1900 m . In 1975 , Eilat Airport started to attract Scandinavian airlines . The first international flight arrival to Eilat , of the Danish airline , Sterling Airlines landed in this year . Since then , many international routes have been established directly linking Eilat with Europe , however , the airport is still unable to handle landings of large aircraft which have to fly to Ovda International Airport . In the 1994 Peace Agreement between Israel and Jordan it was decided that operations were supposed to be transferred from Eilat Airport to Aqaba Airport . The original plan was to rename Aqaba Airport as Aqaba Eilat Peace International Airport . The agreement was never followed , however , and an agreement between the two countries in March 1997 , stipulated that domestic flights would continue to use Eilat Airport , whilst no further action to move international flights took place . In August 2005 , a Katyusha rocket fired from Jordan landed near a taxi traveling just 15 yards ( 14 m ) from the airport perimeter fence . On August 8 , 2013 , the Israeli Military instructed the airport to cancel all landings and departures after a security assessment . Militants in Egypt 's Sinai Peninsula had fired rockets towards the city in recent years , but it was not immediately clear if that was the reason for the closure . The airport today Today , Eilat Airport sustains peak loads concentrated into Thursdays , Saturdays , and Sundays . On Thursdays and Sundays , flights are handled in a period of a few hours in the mornings and on Saturdays only the evening hours are used . Often there are days when 10 , 000 passengers on 120 flights are channelled through the 2 , 800 m2 terminal , counting as one of the highest peak loads worldwide in this category . International passenger traffic decreased from magnitude of 20 , 000 in a year in late 2000s to 5 , 000 in a year in 2010s . Although the airport is capable of handling Boeing 767 aircraft , for large numbers of these aircraft , significant investment would be needed . Consequently , the largest aircraft regularly flying to the airport are Boeing 757 . The main problem at the airport is the lack of ramp space , with just two parking positions for large aircraft . As a result , El Al operates regular shuttle flights to Ben Gurion International Airport carrying passengers from around the world on 757s and 737s . The small size of the airport is perhaps best illustrated with the fact that a Boeing 757 cannot taxi past another aircraft to parking positions . As a result , controllers are responsible not only for ensuring that valuable space is utilised , but also ensuring that other aircraft are kept circling until larger aircraft are parked . Despite these limitations , the airport successfully handles ten to twenty times more traffic than airports of a comparable size . It is for this reason that plans to relocate the airport are so important in the short term scale . In 2006 , a NIS 5 . 5 million renovation programme of Eilat Airport 's terminal and runway was undertaken , designed to sustain the airport until it is replaced in the near future . The future Since the beginning of the 1990s the authorities in Eilat have considered relocating the airport , approximately 20 km north of Eilat , to the Ora Well area near Be 'er Ora . There were numerous reasons behind this idea . Primarily , the fact that safety would be improved as in its current location , there is the chance of aircraft crashing into buildings in the city . Other reasons were the pure value of the land which the airport occupies , and the fact that the airport is dividing the city of Eilat into two parts with the hotels and tourist areas on one side , and the residential buildings on the other . On 24 July 2011 the Israeli cabinet approved the construction of a new airport to be built in unk , 18 km ( 11 mi ) north of Eilat , next to Be 'er Ora . It will have a 3 , 600 m ( 11 , 800 ft ) runway , longer than the runway in Eilat , which will allow large aircraft to land . The airport is due to open in 2017 and will be named after the first Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon and his son Assaf Ramon , who died six years later when his F 16 fighter jet crashed over the West Bank . Airlines and destinations Statistics
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3,298 | Hurricane Grace was a short lived Category 2 hurricane that contributed to the formation of the powerful 1991 Perfect Storm . Forming on October 26 , Grace initially had subtropical origins , meaning it was partially tropical and partially extratropical in nature . It became a tropical cyclone on October 27 , and ultimately peaked with winds of 85 knots ( 100 mph 160 km h ) . The storm had minor effects on the island of Bermuda as it passed to the south . A developing extratropical storm to the north turned Grace eastward the hurricane was eventually absorbed into the large circulation of the larger low pressure system . Fed by the contrast between cold air to the northwest and warm air from the remnants of Hurricane Grace , this storm became a large and powerful nor 'easter that caused extremely high waves and resulted in severe coastal damage along the U.S. East Coast . Meteorological history The origins of Grace go back to a mid level area of low pressure that formed on October 23 to the south of Bermuda . Reports from a nearby ship indicated that the low had become a surface feature by October 25 . The storm system initially contained subtropical characteristics , and the center of circulation lacked deep convection for several days . The system was designated a subtropical storm on October 26 . An area of clouds near Bermuda became increasingly convective , and gradually became entrained into the expanding and developing circulation of the subtropical storm . Thunderstorm activity persisted near the center , and on October 27 , the storm attained tropical storm status and was named Grace . Grace continued to organize and intensify based on satellite intensity estimates and reconnaissance reports , the storm was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane , the lowest level on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale . Grace reached its peak intensity with winds of 85 knots ( 100 mph 160 km h ) and a minimum central barometric pressure of 980 mbar ( hPa 28 . 94 inHg ) , ranking as a Category 2 . Operationally , however , the peak intensity was thought to have been 65 knots ( 75 mph 120 km h ) , which would have made it a mere Category 1 at its peak strength . The hurricane tracked generally northwestward until October 28 , when an extratropical cyclone formed along an approaching cold front off the New England coast . This storm rapidly intensified and influenced Grace 's steering currents , turning the hurricane sharply east . At around the same time , an eye feature associated with Hurricane Grace became apparent on satellite imagery , despite a lack of strong convective activity around the storm 's center . Grace accelerated as it continued eastward , and reached its peak intensity of Category 2 status on October 29 . However , the storm 's rapid forward movement led to an asymmetrical circulation . The center passed approximately 50 mi ( 80 km ) south of Bermuda without significantly affecting the island . Hurricane Grace turned northeast later that day , as the rapidly approaching cold front undermined the storm 's lower level center . The system became overtaken by the front and subsequently lost its status as a tropical system . It moved north along the front and merged with the large cyclone to the north . The remnants of Grace became completely indistinguishable by the next day as it was completely absorbed by the passing extratropical storm on October 30 . The nor 'easter significantly strengthened as a result of the temperature contrast between the cold air to the northwest and the warmth and humidity associated with the remnants of Hurricane Grace . The low pressure system continued deepening as it drifted southeastward and then southwestward towards the United States . The cyclone attained its peak intensity 390 miles ( 630 km ) south of Halifax , Nova Scotia , with winds of up to 60 knots ( 70 mph 110 km h ) . The storm became known as the 1991 Perfect Storm , or more commonly , the Perfect Storm . Preparations and impact In advance of Hurricane Grace , a tropical storm warning was issued for Bermuda on October 27 . The following day , about 10 hours before the storm 's closest approach to the island , the tropical storm warning was upgraded to a hurricane warning . On October 29 , the hurricane warning was lowered to a tropical storm warning , which was amended to a gale warning shortly thereafter . The island experienced bands of squally weather in association with the storm . Precipitation peaked at 3 . 21 in ( 82 mm ) . However , no significant damage was reported . A yacht traveling from Bermuda to New York encountered strong winds and 25 ft ( 7 . 6 m ) seas well off the Virginia coast its nine occupants were rescued by Coast Guard helicopters . Because of its large size , Grace generated large swells along the East Coast of the United States combined with abnormally high tides , these waves reached at least 15 ft ( 4 . 6 m ) . Despite minor beach erosion , no substantial property damage occurred , although Carolina Beach , North Carolina , lost about 1 ft ( 0 . 30 m ) of sand . Despite the light impacts from Hurricane Grace , the resultant nor 'easter caused extensive coastal damage , high seas , and powerful winds . Hurricane force wind gusts were reported in New England . The storm churned the ocean for several days a wave 101 ft ( 31 m ) in height was reported by an offshore buoy . Extensive coastal flooding occurred along the coast of the Mid Atlantic and Northeastern U.S. , with effects as far north as Newfoundland and as far south as Jamaica . The nor 'easter eventually transitioned into another hurricane that made landfall in Nova Scotia . A ship known as the Andrea Gail was lost , along with her six crew members , during the storm . The story of the Andrea Gail inspired Sebastian Junger 's 1997 book , The Perfect Storm , and a 2000 motion picture film .
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3,299 | The Power of Four is a joint anthem composed for the British and Irish Lions rugby union team . It was written by Neil Myers in 2005 . It was commissioned by the Lions head coach , Sir Clive Woodward for the 2005 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand as the official song . It was intended to be a universal anthem for the British and Irish Lions to be sung before every game . However it was criticised as being uninspiring as members of the Lions squad did not engage with it and it was also noted that the fans did not like it . It was dropped as the Lions anthem after the 2005 tour and led to changes in the way music would be chosen in future Lions tours . Background Historically , the British and Irish Lions were intended as a representative team of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland however , when the Irish Free State broke away from the United Kingdom it was deemed inappropriate for the British and Irish Lions to use the British national anthem , God Save the Queen . As a result of this , the British and Irish Lions did not have an anthem to represent them before any of their matches until 2005 . 2005 Lions Tour The Power of Four was commissioned by Sir Clive Woodward for the 2005 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand and was written by Neil Myers . It was recorded by the Melody Music Lions Choir . The song is a classical composition played in a high key . It was first performed live by Welsh opera singer Katherine Jenkins before the British and Irish Lions rugby union match against Argentina at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , Wales in 2005 . it was performed despite suggestions of either God Save the Queen , the Welsh national anthem Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau or a combination of the anthems of the Home Nations of England , Wales , Scotland and Ireland being played instead of The Power of Four . It is always sung in English . Before the British and Irish Lions squad was selected , Woodward sent out bracelets with The Power of Four printed on them to potential British and Irish Lions players to try and create a sense of unity and to make them think about the upcoming tour to New Zealand . This was criticised as being crazy . The Power of Four was also used as a motivational slogan in some of the Lions ' team building activities . The lyrics of The Power of Four were circulated to all of the members of the British and Irish Lions tour squad and the song was pre added to the playlists on their tour iPods . The song was not released as a single however it was permitted to be broadcast by radio stations and it was made available to download on the Internet . The British and Irish Lions players were shown the words of The Power of Four on the Saturday before their first game and it was expected that they would know the words by the time they had arrived in New Zealand . However it was mentioned by a British and Irish Lions spokesman that the players were under no obligation to sing it . Reception The BBC opined during the British and Irish Lions ' warm up game against Otago that it was not inspiring for the Lions supporters to sing . Austin Healey observed that the players did not appear to like The Power of Four when it was performed . Before the first Test match , it was noticed that despite British and Irish Lions fans being filmed singing The Power of Four , none of the players did sing it when it was played as the Lions anthem before God Defend New Zealand . It was also noted that Lions fans felt that The Power of Four was not catching on and some even suggested that Axel F would be better than The Power of Four . It was also suggested that due to a perceived selection bias towards English members of the Lions , that Land of Hope and Glory should be used instead of The Power of Four . The acting British and Irish Lions captain Martin Corry said that he did not attempt to sing The Power of Four because he felt that he would not be able to reach the correct notes . In 2009 , British and Irish Lions player Alun Wyn Jones said that I 'd rather sing The Power of Love when asked if he would want to sing The Power of Four . The song experienced a mixed response in the media . In July 2005 , following the Lions tour , a journalist on the BBC Sport website , James Standley , commented that The Power of Four is hollow and disliked by fans . However , Lions coach Sir Clive Woodward said he hoped it would stir the passions . It was also described in The Independent as an excruciating mix of politburo and classical pop . However Danny Stevens in The New Zealand Herald said that The Power of Four was not a bad song but unfortunately nobody actually knew the tune or the words . The words of The Power of Four were also compared to be similar to the New Zealand Mori rugby union team 's unk haka in The Telegraph . The anthem did not return for the 2009 British and Irish Lions tour to South Africa , which received a positive reaction from Sky Sports reporters . Legacy The negative reception of The Power of Four was listed as one of the issues used to criticise Woodward for the failures of the tour . It was also pointed out that Woodward and team manager , Bill Beaumont used The Power of Four whenever they entered into a press conference which led to the press conferences being referred to as possibly being mistaken for a revivalist meeting . The Power of Four was so negatively received , that it was announced that future British and Irish Lions tours would have songs and themes chosen by a musical committee set up in the wake of the 2005 tour instead of by the team coach . After 2005 , The Power of Four became largely forgotten . During the 2013 British and Irish Lions tour to Australia , ESPN jokingly suggested that The Power of Four would be remixed into a hip hop song for the third test by Pharrell Williams and would be performed by Snoop Dogg .
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