Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
paragraph_index
int64
sec
string
p_has_citation
int64
cites
string
citeids
list
pmid
int64
cited_id
string
sentences
string
all_sent_cites
list
sent_len
int64
sentence_batch_index
int64
sent_has_citation
float64
qc_fail
bool
cited_sentence
string
cites_in_sentence
list
cln_sentence
string
is_cap
bool
is_alpha
bool
ends_wp
bool
cit_qc
bool
lgtm
bool
__index_level_0__
int64
1
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1" ]
20,460,459
pmid-18655061
Obviously, the success of the flexible refinement stage strongly depends on the existence of a near native model in the initial rigid-docking solutions.
[ "1" ]
152
37,816
0
false
Obviously, the success of the flexible refinement stage strongly depends on the existence of a near native model in the initial rigid-docking solutions.
[]
Obviously, the success of the flexible refinement stage strongly depends on the existence of a near native model in the initial rigid-docking solutions.
true
true
true
true
true
6,480
2
INTRODUCTION
1
2–8
[ "B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8" ]
20,460,459
pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-17803217|pmid-17825317|pmid-17894347|pmid-12784364|pmid-17671977
Today, most docking refinement methods model only the side-chain flexibility and adjust the rigid-body orientations of the proteins.
[ "2–8" ]
132
37,817
0
false
Today, most docking refinement methods model only the side-chain flexibility and adjust the rigid-body orientations of the proteins.
[]
Today, most docking refinement methods model only the side-chain flexibility and adjust the rigid-body orientations of the proteins.
true
true
true
true
true
6,481
2
INTRODUCTION
1
2–8
[ "B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8" ]
20,460,459
pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-17803217|pmid-17825317|pmid-17894347|pmid-12784364|pmid-17671977
Modeling the backbone flexibility is considered to be a more difficult task that is addressed by only few, recently developed refinement methods (2–8).
[ "2–8" ]
151
37,818
1
false
Modeling the backbone flexibility is considered to be a more difficult task that is addressed by only few, recently developed refinement methods.
[ "2–8" ]
Modeling the backbone flexibility is considered to be a more difficult task that is addressed by only few, recently developed refinement methods.
true
true
true
true
true
6,481
3
INTRODUCTION
1
9
[ "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B9", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B17" ]
20,460,459
pmid-15980490|pmid-12784371|NA|pmid-10737939|pmid-15980490|pmid-15215358|pmid-18442991|pmid-16845062|pmid-18424796|pmid-12580598
There are many freely available web servers that deal with different aspects of the docking field.
[ "9", "10", "11", "12", "9", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17" ]
98
37,819
0
false
There are many freely available web servers that deal with different aspects of the docking field.
[]
There are many freely available web servers that deal with different aspects of the docking field.
true
true
true
true
true
6,482
3
INTRODUCTION
1
9
[ "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B9", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B17" ]
20,460,459
pmid-15980490|pmid-12784371|NA|pmid-10737939|pmid-15980490|pmid-15215358|pmid-18442991|pmid-16845062|pmid-18424796|pmid-12580598
Rigid-body docking can be performed by PatchDock (9), ZDOCK (10), GRAMM-X (11), Hex (12) and SymmDock (9).
[ "9", "10", "11", "12", "9", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17" ]
106
37,820
2
true
Rigid-body docking can be performed by PatchDock, ZDOCK, GRAMM-X, Hex and SymmDock.
[ "9", "10", "11", "12", "9" ]
Rigid-body docking can be performed by PatchDock, ZDOCK, GRAMM-X, Hex and SymmDock.
true
true
true
true
true
6,482
3
INTRODUCTION
1
13
[ "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B9", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B17" ]
20,460,459
pmid-15980490|pmid-12784371|NA|pmid-10737939|pmid-15980490|pmid-15215358|pmid-18442991|pmid-16845062|pmid-18424796|pmid-12580598
ClusPro (13) filters, clusters and ranks docking solution candidates.
[ "9", "10", "11", "12", "9", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17" ]
69
37,821
1
false
ClusPro filters, clusters and ranks docking solution candidates.
[ "13" ]
ClusPro filters, clusters and ranks docking solution candidates.
true
true
true
true
true
6,482
3
INTRODUCTION
1
14
[ "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B9", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B17" ]
20,460,459
pmid-15980490|pmid-12784371|NA|pmid-10737939|pmid-15980490|pmid-15215358|pmid-18442991|pmid-16845062|pmid-18424796|pmid-12580598
The RosettaDock web server (14) performs local search in the vicinity of a single given input complex structure by optimizing rigid-body orientation and side-chain conformations.
[ "9", "10", "11", "12", "9", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17" ]
178
37,822
1
false
The RosettaDock web server performs local search in the vicinity of a single given input complex structure by optimizing rigid-body orientation and side-chain conformations.
[ "14" ]
The RosettaDock web server performs local search in the vicinity of a single given input complex structure by optimizing rigid-body orientation and side-chain conformations.
true
true
true
true
true
6,482
3
INTRODUCTION
1
15
[ "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B9", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B17" ]
20,460,459
pmid-15980490|pmid-12784371|NA|pmid-10737939|pmid-15980490|pmid-15215358|pmid-18442991|pmid-16845062|pmid-18424796|pmid-12580598
The NOMAD-Ref server (15) uses normal mode analysis to refine one of the molecules in a single-docking model.
[ "9", "10", "11", "12", "9", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17" ]
109
37,823
1
false
The NOMAD-Ref server uses normal mode analysis to refine one of the molecules in a single-docking model.
[ "15" ]
The NOMAD-Ref server uses normal mode analysis to refine one of the molecules in a single-docking model.
true
true
true
true
true
6,482
3
INTRODUCTION
1
16
[ "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B9", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B17" ]
20,460,459
pmid-15980490|pmid-12784371|NA|pmid-10737939|pmid-15980490|pmid-15215358|pmid-18442991|pmid-16845062|pmid-18424796|pmid-12580598
The FireDock web server (16), refines the rigid-body orientation and side-chain conformations of up to 1000 rigid-body solution candidates and re-scores the refined structures according to a binding energy function.
[ "9", "10", "11", "12", "9", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17" ]
215
37,824
1
false
The FireDock web server, refines the rigid-body orientation and side-chain conformations of up to 1000 rigid-body solution candidates and re-scores the refined structures according to a binding energy function.
[ "16" ]
The FireDock web server, refines the rigid-body orientation and side-chain conformations of up to 1000 rigid-body solution candidates and re-scores the refined structures according to a binding energy function.
true
true
true
true
true
6,482
3
INTRODUCTION
1
17
[ "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B9", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B17" ]
20,460,459
pmid-15980490|pmid-12784371|NA|pmid-10737939|pmid-15980490|pmid-15215358|pmid-18442991|pmid-16845062|pmid-18424796|pmid-12580598
The HADDOCK web server (17) performs experimental data-driven docking followed by a semi-flexible refinement.
[ "9", "10", "11", "12", "9", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17" ]
109
37,825
1
false
The HADDOCK web server performs experimental data-driven docking followed by a semi-flexible refinement.
[ "17" ]
The HADDOCK web server performs experimental data-driven docking followed by a semi-flexible refinement.
true
true
true
true
true
6,482
4
INTRODUCTION
1
18
[ "B18", "B19 B20 B21", "B2", "B3", "B21" ]
20,460,459
pmid-9829700|pmid-16361336|pmid-15984891|pmid-20077569|pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-20077569
In this article, a web server of a new flexible refinement method, called FiberDock, is presented.
[ "18", "19–21", "2", "3", "21" ]
98
37,826
0
false
In this article, a web server of a new flexible refinement method, called FiberDock, is presented.
[]
In this article, a web server of a new flexible refinement method, called FiberDock, is presented.
true
true
true
true
true
6,483
4
INTRODUCTION
1
18
[ "B18", "B19 B20 B21", "B2", "B3", "B21" ]
20,460,459
pmid-9829700|pmid-16361336|pmid-15984891|pmid-20077569|pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-20077569
It is the first docking refinement web server that handles both backbone and side-chain flexibility and optimizes the relative rigid-body orientation of the proteins.
[ "18", "19–21", "2", "3", "21" ]
166
37,827
0
false
It is the first docking refinement web server that handles both backbone and side-chain flexibility and optimizes the relative rigid-body orientation of the proteins.
[]
It is the first docking refinement web server that handles both backbone and side-chain flexibility and optimizes the relative rigid-body orientation of the proteins.
true
true
true
true
true
6,483
4
INTRODUCTION
1
18
[ "B18", "B19 B20 B21", "B2", "B3", "B21" ]
20,460,459
pmid-9829700|pmid-16361336|pmid-15984891|pmid-20077569|pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-20077569
Side-chain movements are modeled by a rotamer library and the backbone flexibility is modeled by an unlimited number of normal modes (18).
[ "18", "19–21", "2", "3", "21" ]
138
37,828
1
false
Side-chain movements are modeled by a rotamer library and the backbone flexibility is modeled by an unlimited number of normal modes.
[ "18" ]
Side-chain movements are modeled by a rotamer library and the backbone flexibility is modeled by an unlimited number of normal modes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,483
4
INTRODUCTION
1
19–21
[ "B18", "B19 B20 B21", "B2", "B3", "B21" ]
20,460,459
pmid-9829700|pmid-16361336|pmid-15984891|pmid-20077569|pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-20077569
Previous research has shown the importance of using high-frequency normal modes for modeling induced-fit conformational changes (19–21).
[ "18", "19–21", "2", "3", "21" ]
136
37,829
1
false
Previous research has shown the importance of using high-frequency normal modes for modeling induced-fit conformational changes.
[ "19–21" ]
Previous research has shown the importance of using high-frequency normal modes for modeling induced-fit conformational changes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,483
4
INTRODUCTION
1
18
[ "B18", "B19 B20 B21", "B2", "B3", "B21" ]
20,460,459
pmid-9829700|pmid-16361336|pmid-15984891|pmid-20077569|pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-20077569
While other, previously developed, refinement methods use only the first few normal modes, with the lowest frequency (2,3), FiberDock uses both low- and high-frequency modes.
[ "18", "19–21", "2", "3", "21" ]
174
37,830
0
false
While other, previously developed, refinement methods use only the first few normal modes, with the lowest frequency, FiberDock uses both low- and high-frequency modes.
[ "2,3" ]
While other, previously developed, refinement methods use only the first few normal modes, with the lowest frequency, FiberDock uses both low- and high-frequency modes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,483
4
INTRODUCTION
1
18
[ "B18", "B19 B20 B21", "B2", "B3", "B21" ]
20,460,459
pmid-9829700|pmid-16361336|pmid-15984891|pmid-20077569|pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-20077569
Hence, it is able to model both global and local conformational changes.
[ "18", "19–21", "2", "3", "21" ]
72
37,831
0
false
Hence, it is able to model both global and local conformational changes.
[]
Hence, it is able to model both global and local conformational changes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,483
4
INTRODUCTION
1
18
[ "B18", "B19 B20 B21", "B2", "B3", "B21" ]
20,460,459
pmid-9829700|pmid-16361336|pmid-15984891|pmid-20077569|pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-20077569
The method was assessed on 20 test systems in which the backbone conformation of one protein changes upon interaction with the other.
[ "18", "19–21", "2", "3", "21" ]
133
37,832
0
false
The method was assessed on 20 test systems in which the backbone conformation of one protein changes upon interaction with the other.
[]
The method was assessed on 20 test systems in which the backbone conformation of one protein changes upon interaction with the other.
true
true
true
true
true
6,483
4
INTRODUCTION
1
21
[ "B18", "B19 B20 B21", "B2", "B3", "B21" ]
20,460,459
pmid-9829700|pmid-16361336|pmid-15984891|pmid-20077569|pmid-16087736|pmid-17729269|pmid-20077569
The results indicated that the incorporation of backbone flexibility in the refinement process considerably improves the accuracy and the ranking of protein complexes (21).
[ "18", "19–21", "2", "3", "21" ]
172
37,833
1
false
The results indicated that the incorporation of backbone flexibility in the refinement process considerably improves the accuracy and the ranking of protein complexes.
[ "21" ]
The results indicated that the incorporation of backbone flexibility in the refinement process considerably improves the accuracy and the ranking of protein complexes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,483
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone released by the adrenal cortex.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
64
37,834
0
false
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone released by the adrenal cortex.
[]
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone released by the adrenal cortex.
true
true
true
true
true
6,484
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
Classically, it acts on kidney, colon and sweat/salivary glands to promote unidirectional sodium transport (1).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
111
37,835
1
false
Classically, it acts on kidney, colon and sweat/salivary glands to promote unidirectional sodium transport.
[ "1" ]
Classically, it acts on kidney, colon and sweat/salivary glands to promote unidirectional sodium transport.
true
true
true
true
true
6,484
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
Recent studies, however, suggested that aldosterone might have its direct effect on the heart.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
94
37,836
0
false
Recent studies, however, suggested that aldosterone might have its direct effect on the heart.
[]
Recent studies, however, suggested that aldosterone might have its direct effect on the heart.
true
true
true
true
true
6,484
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
In this regard, aldosterone was reported to alter cardiac remodeling and promote fibrosis in vivo (2, 3).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
105
37,837
0
false
In this regard, aldosterone was reported to alter cardiac remodeling and promote fibrosis in vivo.
[ "2, 3" ]
In this regard, aldosterone was reported to alter cardiac remodeling and promote fibrosis in vivo.
true
true
true
true
true
6,484
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
Also, it was shown that aldosterone promotes collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro (4-7).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
103
37,838
0
false
Also, it was shown that aldosterone promotes collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro.
[ "4-7" ]
Also, it was shown that aldosterone promotes collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro.
true
true
true
true
true
6,484
0
INTRODUCTION
1
8
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
In an animal model of hyperaldosteronism, significant cardiac fibrosis was observed (8).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
88
37,839
1
false
In an animal model of hyperaldosteronism, significant cardiac fibrosis was observed.
[ "8" ]
In an animal model of hyperaldosteronism, significant cardiac fibrosis was observed.
true
true
true
true
true
6,484
0
INTRODUCTION
1
9
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
Consistent with these findings, convincing evidence for a local cardiac aldosterone system was reported in the normal rat heart (9).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
132
37,840
1
false
Consistent with these findings, convincing evidence for a local cardiac aldosterone system was reported in the normal rat heart.
[ "9" ]
Consistent with these findings, convincing evidence for a local cardiac aldosterone system was reported in the normal rat heart.
true
true
true
true
true
6,484
0
INTRODUCTION
1
10
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
Moreover, recent clinical trial (the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study [RALES]) demonstrated that a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone, has a significant beneficial effect on mortality and morbidity of patients with heart failure (10), suggesting a crucial role for aldosterone.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
301
37,841
1
false
Moreover, recent clinical trial (the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study [RALES]) demonstrated that a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone, has a significant beneficial effect on mortality and morbidity of patients with heart failure, suggesting a crucial role for aldosterone.
[ "10" ]
Moreover, recent clinical trial (the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study [RALES]) demonstrated that a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone, has a significant beneficial effect on mortality and morbidity of patients with heart failure, suggesting a crucial role for aldosterone.
true
true
true
true
true
6,484
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B19", "B20" ]
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cysteine-rich, 38-kDa polypeptide that is induced by dexamethasone, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and thrombin.
[ "11", "12", "14", "15", "16", "19", "20" ]
205
37,842
0
false
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cysteine-rich, 38-kDa polypeptide that is induced by dexamethasone, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and thrombin.
[]
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cysteine-rich, 38-kDa polypeptide that is induced by dexamethasone, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and thrombin.
true
true
true
true
true
6,485
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B19", "B20" ]
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
It was originally isolated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (11) and was subsequently found in many cells including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and chondrocytes (12-14).
[ "11", "12", "14", "15", "16", "19", "20" ]
186
37,843
1
false
It was originally isolated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and was subsequently found in many cells including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and chondrocytes.
[ "11", "12-14" ]
It was originally isolated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and was subsequently found in many cells including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and chondrocytes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,485
1
INTRODUCTION
1
15
[ "B11", "B12", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B19", "B20" ]
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
CTGF is involved in many cellular processes underlying fibrosis such as cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) (15).
[ "11", "12", "14", "15", "16", "19", "20" ]
166
37,844
1
false
CTGF is involved in many cellular processes underlying fibrosis such as cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM).
[ "15" ]
CTGF is involved in many cellular processes underlying fibrosis such as cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM).
true
true
true
true
true
6,485
1
INTRODUCTION
1
20
[ "B11", "B12", "B14", "B15", "B16", "B19", "B20" ]
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
Because CTGF induces fibronectin and collagen type I, which are the molecules abnormally deposited in fibrotic lesions of major organs such as liver, kidney, lung, and skin (16-19), it was suggested to be involved in the development of fibrotic pathology (20).
[ "11", "12", "14", "15", "16", "19", "20" ]
260
37,845
1
false
Because CTGF induces fibronectin and collagen type I, which are the molecules abnormally deposited in fibrotic lesions of major organs such as liver, kidney, lung, and skin, it was suggested to be involved in the development of fibrotic pathology.
[ "16-19", "20" ]
Because CTGF induces fibronectin and collagen type I, which are the molecules abnormally deposited in fibrotic lesions of major organs such as liver, kidney, lung, and skin, it was suggested to be involved in the development of fibrotic pathology.
true
true
true
true
true
6,485
2
INTRODUCTION
1
21
[ "B21", "B22", "B22" ]
15,608,389
pmid-9925376|pmid-11013125|pmid-11013125|pmid-8783552|pmid-10579927|pmid-12060566|pmid-12135753|pmid-12388314
With regard to the role of CTGF in the heart, in situ hybridization studies showed that CTGF mRNA is increased in cardiac myocytes and mesenchymal cells in the infarct zone of rat hearts following myocardial infarction (21).
[ "21", "22", "22" ]
224
37,846
1
false
With regard to the role of CTGF in the heart, in situ hybridization studies showed that CTGF mRNA is increased in cardiac myocytes and mesenchymal cells in the infarct zone of rat hearts following myocardial infarction.
[ "21" ]
With regard to the role of CTGF in the heart, in situ hybridization studies showed that CTGF mRNA is increased in cardiac myocytes and mesenchymal cells in the infarct zone of rat hearts following myocardial infarction.
true
true
true
true
true
6,486
2
INTRODUCTION
1
22
[ "B21", "B22", "B22" ]
15,608,389
pmid-9925376|pmid-11013125|pmid-11013125|pmid-8783552|pmid-10579927|pmid-12060566|pmid-12135753|pmid-12388314
Significant upregulation of CTGF was also detected in the heart of patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (22).
[ "21", "22", "22" ]
119
37,847
1
false
Significant upregulation of CTGF was also detected in the heart of patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease.
[ "22" ]
Significant upregulation of CTGF was also detected in the heart of patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease.
true
true
true
true
true
6,486
2
INTRODUCTION
1
22
[ "B21", "B22", "B22" ]
15,608,389
pmid-9925376|pmid-11013125|pmid-11013125|pmid-8783552|pmid-10579927|pmid-12060566|pmid-12135753|pmid-12388314
In addition, it was demonstrated that CTGF expression is induced by TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes where concomitant increase in the production of fibronectin, collagen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was observed (22).
[ "21", "22", "22" ]
245
37,848
1
false
In addition, it was demonstrated that CTGF expression is induced by TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes where concomitant increase in the production of fibronectin, collagen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was observed.
[ "22" ]
In addition, it was demonstrated that CTGF expression is induced by TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes where concomitant increase in the production of fibronectin, collagen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was observed.
true
true
true
true
true
6,486
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
Despite these known behaviors of CTGF and aldosterone, studies on the direct relationship between the two molecules have been limited.
null
134
37,849
0
false
null
null
Despite these known behaviors of CTGF and aldosterone, studies on the direct relationship between the two molecules have been limited.
true
true
true
true
true
6,487
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
Here, we examined the effect of aldosterone on CTGF expression in rat embryonic ventricular myocytes (H9c2).
null
108
37,850
0
false
null
null
Here, we examined the effect of aldosterone on CTGF expression in rat embryonic ventricular myocytes (H9c2).
true
true
true
true
true
6,487
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
The underlying mechanism for aldosterone-mediated CTGF upregulation was also studied to have further insight into the CTGF induction pathway.
null
141
37,851
0
false
null
null
The underlying mechanism for aldosterone-mediated CTGF upregulation was also studied to have further insight into the CTGF induction pathway.
true
true
true
true
true
6,487
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
We found that CTGF expression is increased by aldosterone in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that both mineralocorticoid receptor and p38 MAPK pathway are involved in this upregulation.
null
191
37,852
0
false
null
null
We found that CTGF expression is increased by aldosterone in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that both mineralocorticoid receptor and p38 MAPK pathway are involved in this upregulation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,487
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
Moreover, we present evidence that mineralocorticoid receptor is connected to p38 MAPK pathway.
null
95
37,853
0
false
null
null
Moreover, we present evidence that mineralocorticoid receptor is connected to p38 MAPK pathway.
true
true
true
true
true
6,487
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
Our findings warrant further study on the signaling cascades that lead to CTGF induction by aldosterone.
null
104
37,854
0
false
null
null
Our findings warrant further study on the signaling cascades that lead to CTGF induction by aldosterone.
true
true
true
true
true
6,487
0
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
Despite years of studies on aldosterone and CTGF with respect to fibrosis, the direct relationship between the two molecules has remained unelucidated.
[ "30" ]
151
37,855
0
false
Despite years of studies on aldosterone and CTGF with respect to fibrosis, the direct relationship between the two molecules has remained unelucidated.
[]
Despite years of studies on aldosterone and CTGF with respect to fibrosis, the direct relationship between the two molecules has remained unelucidated.
true
true
true
true
true
6,488
0
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
In the present study, we investigated the effect of aldosterone on CTGF in rat embryonic ventricular myocytes and found that CTGF expression is increased by aldosterone in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
[ "30" ]
206
37,856
0
false
In the present study, we investigated the effect of aldosterone on CTGF in rat embryonic ventricular myocytes and found that CTGF expression is increased by aldosterone in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
[]
In the present study, we investigated the effect of aldosterone on CTGF in rat embryonic ventricular myocytes and found that CTGF expression is increased by aldosterone in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
true
true
true
true
true
6,488
0
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
Our observation that aldosterone upregulates CTGF expression in heart-derived myocytes is supported in part by the recent microarray study of another group who added CTGF to the list of early aldosterone-responsive genes in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (30).
[ "30" ]
273
37,857
1
false
Our observation that aldosterone upregulates CTGF expression in heart-derived myocytes is supported in part by the recent microarray study of another group who added CTGF to the list of early aldosterone-responsive genes in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells.
[ "30" ]
Our observation that aldosterone upregulates CTGF expression in heart-derived myocytes is supported in part by the recent microarray study of another group who added CTGF to the list of early aldosterone-responsive genes in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells.
true
true
true
true
true
6,488
0
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
We also found that both mineralocorticoid receptor and p38 MAPK pathway are important for aldosterone-mediated CTGF upregulation.
[ "30" ]
129
37,858
0
false
We also found that both mineralocorticoid receptor and p38 MAPK pathway are important for aldosterone-mediated CTGF upregulation.
[]
We also found that both mineralocorticoid receptor and p38 MAPK pathway are important for aldosterone-mediated CTGF upregulation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,488
0
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B30" ]
15,608,389
pmid-10878752|pmid-8021005|pmid-7490157|pmid-7966349|pmid-12388314|pmid-11759649|pmid-9478930|pmid-10471456|pmid-12770840
Lastly, we present circumstantial evidence that there exists cross-talk between mineralocorticoid receptor cascade and p38 MAPK activation.
[ "30" ]
139
37,859
0
false
Lastly, we present circumstantial evidence that there exists cross-talk between mineralocorticoid receptor cascade and p38 MAPK activation.
[]
Lastly, we present circumstantial evidence that there exists cross-talk between mineralocorticoid receptor cascade and p38 MAPK activation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,488
1
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
Aldosterone and other adrenal corticosteroids exert many of their physiological actions through modulation of gene expression.
null
126
37,860
0
false
null
null
Aldosterone and other adrenal corticosteroids exert many of their physiological actions through modulation of gene expression.
true
true
true
true
true
6,489
1
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
The classic genomic action of aldosterone is characterized by a latency of onset and by the sensitivity to specific antagonist of intracellular receptor such as spironolactone.
null
176
37,861
0
false
null
null
The classic genomic action of aldosterone is characterized by a latency of onset and by the sensitivity to specific antagonist of intracellular receptor such as spironolactone.
true
true
true
true
true
6,489
1
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
Our results here strongly suggest that the classic genomic action of aldosterone was involved in the upregulation of CTGF as the time course of CTGF upregulation indicated a substantial latency (Fig.
null
199
37,862
0
false
null
null
Our results here strongly suggest that the classic genomic action of aldosterone was involved in the upregulation of CTGF as the time course of CTGF upregulation indicated a substantial latency (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,489
1
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
1B) and because pre-treatment of spironolactone blocked the induction of CTGF (Fig.
null
83
37,863
0
false
null
null
1B) and because pre-treatment of spironolactone blocked the induction of CTGF (Fig.
false
false
true
true
false
6,489
1
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
Moreover, homology searches of the CTGF gene for the transcription factor binding elements have identified at least three putative steroid-responsive elements (SREs) in the 5'UTR region of the CTGF which spans 1 kb from the transcriptional start site (data not shown).
null
268
37,864
0
false
null
null
Moreover, homology searches of the CTGF gene for the transcription factor binding elements have identified at least three putative steroid-responsive elements (SREs) in the 5'UTR region of the CTGF which spans 1 kb from the transcriptional start site (data not shown).
true
true
true
true
true
6,489
1
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
pmid-1654338|pmid-8993835|pmid-10607888|pmid-10204117|NA|pmid-8618012|pmid-9462483
Since the genomic action of aldosterone involves interaction between the intracellular receptor-steroid complex and SRE located within promoter of target genes, these SREs might have acted as cis-enhancer elements in the upregulation of CTGF by aldosterone.
null
257
37,865
0
false
null
null
Since the genomic action of aldosterone involves interaction between the intracellular receptor-steroid complex and SRE located within promoter of target genes, these SREs might have acted as cis-enhancer elements in the upregulation of CTGF by aldosterone.
true
true
true
true
true
6,489
2
DISCUSSION
1
31
[ "B31", "B32", "B33", "B34", "B7" ]
15,608,389
pmid-9925376|pmid-11013125|pmid-11013125|pmid-8783552|pmid-10579927|pmid-12060566|pmid-12135753|pmid-12388314
We also focused our attention on MAPKs as they are common participants in signal transduction pathways initiated by growth factors, cytokines, stresses, and various pharmacological compounds (31, 32).
[ "31", "32", "33", "34", "7" ]
200
37,866
0
false
We also focused our attention on MAPKs as they are common participants in signal transduction pathways initiated by growth factors, cytokines, stresses, and various pharmacological compounds.
[ "31, 32" ]
We also focused our attention on MAPKs as they are common participants in signal transduction pathways initiated by growth factors, cytokines, stresses, and various pharmacological compounds.
true
true
true
true
true
6,490
2
DISCUSSION
1
31
[ "B31", "B32", "B33", "B34", "B7" ]
15,608,389
pmid-9925376|pmid-11013125|pmid-11013125|pmid-8783552|pmid-10579927|pmid-12060566|pmid-12135753|pmid-12388314
We demonstrate here that p38 MAPK pathway is important for the aldosterone-mediated CTGF induction and that ERK1/2 and JNK pathways may be required for basal expression of CTGF in ventricular myocytes (Fig.
[ "31", "32", "33", "34", "7" ]
206
37,867
0
false
We demonstrate here that p38 MAPK pathway is important for the aldosterone-mediated CTGF induction and that ERK1/2 and JNK pathways may be required for basal expression of CTGF in ventricular myocytes (Fig.
[]
We demonstrate here that p38 MAPK pathway is important for the aldosterone-mediated CTGF induction and that ERK1/2 and JNK pathways may be required for basal expression of CTGF in ventricular myocytes (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,490
2
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B31", "B32", "B33", "B34", "B7" ]
15,608,389
pmid-9925376|pmid-11013125|pmid-11013125|pmid-8783552|pmid-10579927|pmid-12060566|pmid-12135753|pmid-12388314
Consistent with our data, it was previously reported that p38 MAPK inhibitor, FR-167653, could significantly suppress the expression of CTGF mRNA during the later phase of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and thus ameliorates the fibrosis in a murine model (33).
[ "31", "32", "33", "34", "7" ]
266
37,868
1
false
Consistent with our data, it was previously reported that p38 MAPK inhibitor, FR-167653, could significantly suppress the expression of CTGF mRNA during the later phase of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and thus ameliorates the fibrosis in a murine model.
[ "33" ]
Consistent with our data, it was previously reported that p38 MAPK inhibitor, FR-167653, could significantly suppress the expression of CTGF mRNA during the later phase of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and thus ameliorates the fibrosis in a murine model.
true
true
true
true
true
6,490
2
DISCUSSION
1
34
[ "B31", "B32", "B33", "B34", "B7" ]
15,608,389
pmid-9925376|pmid-11013125|pmid-11013125|pmid-8783552|pmid-10579927|pmid-12060566|pmid-12135753|pmid-12388314
On the other hand, it was recently reported that aldosterone augments JNK activation induced by endothelin-1 in cardiac myocytes (34).
[ "31", "32", "33", "34", "7" ]
134
37,869
1
false
On the other hand, it was recently reported that aldosterone augments JNK activation induced by endothelin-1 in cardiac myocytes.
[ "34" ]
On the other hand, it was recently reported that aldosterone augments JNK activation induced by endothelin-1 in cardiac myocytes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,490
2
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B31", "B32", "B33", "B34", "B7" ]
15,608,389
pmid-9925376|pmid-11013125|pmid-11013125|pmid-8783552|pmid-10579927|pmid-12060566|pmid-12135753|pmid-12388314
Also, it was shown that aldosterone stimulates proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts by activating Ki-RasA and ERK1/2 signaling, which are thought to be involved in the pathological actions of aldosterone on the heart (7).
[ "31", "32", "33", "34", "7" ]
221
37,870
1
false
Also, it was shown that aldosterone stimulates proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts by activating Ki-RasA and ERK1/2 signaling, which are thought to be involved in the pathological actions of aldosterone on the heart.
[ "7" ]
Also, it was shown that aldosterone stimulates proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts by activating Ki-RasA and ERK1/2 signaling, which are thought to be involved in the pathological actions of aldosterone on the heart.
true
true
true
true
true
6,490
2
DISCUSSION
1
31
[ "B31", "B32", "B33", "B34", "B7" ]
15,608,389
pmid-9925376|pmid-11013125|pmid-11013125|pmid-8783552|pmid-10579927|pmid-12060566|pmid-12135753|pmid-12388314
These different findings suggest the presence of complicated signaling processes and the interactions involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis.
[ "31", "32", "33", "34", "7" ]
151
37,871
0
false
These different findings suggest the presence of complicated signaling processes and the interactions involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis.
[]
These different findings suggest the presence of complicated signaling processes and the interactions involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,490
3
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22" ]
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
CTGF expression is also induced by TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes (22).
[ "22" ]
90
37,872
1
false
CTGF expression is also induced by TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes.
[ "22" ]
CTGF expression is also induced by TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,491
3
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22" ]
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
Based on our observation that aldosterone upregulates CTGF, it can be presumed that the role of TGF-β and aldosterone would overlap as the inducer of cardiac fibrosis.
[ "22" ]
167
37,873
0
false
Based on our observation that aldosterone upregulates CTGF, it can be presumed that the role of TGF-β and aldosterone would overlap as the inducer of cardiac fibrosis.
[]
Based on our observation that aldosterone upregulates CTGF, it can be presumed that the role of TGF-β and aldosterone would overlap as the inducer of cardiac fibrosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,491
3
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22" ]
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
Moreover, the same induction mechanisms including p38 MAPK pathway might be involved in CTGF induction by TGF-β.
[ "22" ]
112
37,874
0
false
Moreover, the same induction mechanisms including p38 MAPK pathway might be involved in CTGF induction by TGF-β.
[]
Moreover, the same induction mechanisms including p38 MAPK pathway might be involved in CTGF induction by TGF-β.
true
true
true
true
true
6,491
3
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B22" ]
15,608,389
pmid-11013125
Although aldosterone might exert its indirect effect on TGF-β via CTGF, it would be interesting to see in detail the interplay between TGF-β and aldosterone in the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
[ "22" ]
196
37,875
0
false
Although aldosterone might exert its indirect effect on TGF-β via CTGF, it would be interesting to see in detail the interplay between TGF-β and aldosterone in the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
[]
Although aldosterone might exert its indirect effect on TGF-β via CTGF, it would be interesting to see in detail the interplay between TGF-β and aldosterone in the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,491
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
With regard to the effect of spironolactone on MAPK activation, the spironolactone pre-treatment resulted in blockade of p38 MAPK activation (Fig.
null
146
37,876
0
false
null
null
With regard to the effect of spironolactone on MAPK activation, the spironolactone pre-treatment resulted in blockade of p38 MAPK activation (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,492
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
One simple explanation for this observation would be that mineralocorticoid receptor acts at upstream of p38 MAPK pathway, thus relaying the signal to p38 MAPK upon binding of aldosterone.
null
188
37,877
0
false
null
null
One simple explanation for this observation would be that mineralocorticoid receptor acts at upstream of p38 MAPK pathway, thus relaying the signal to p38 MAPK upon binding of aldosterone.
true
true
true
true
true
6,492
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
Another possibility is that spironolactone might directly inhibit activation of p38 MAPK via yet unknown mechanisms.
null
116
37,878
0
false
null
null
Another possibility is that spironolactone might directly inhibit activation of p38 MAPK via yet unknown mechanisms.
true
true
true
true
true
6,492
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
When a group of responses that are mediated by receptors of aldosterone and several different pathways are taken into account, definitive explanation of the above observation may be difficult at present and will have to wait for the more detailed studies on the cross-talk between divergent signaling cascades.
null
310
37,879
0
false
null
null
When a group of responses that are mediated by receptors of aldosterone and several different pathways are taken into account, definitive explanation of the above observation may be difficult at present and will have to wait for the more detailed studies on the cross-talk between divergent signaling cascades.
true
true
true
true
true
6,492
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
One of the limitations of the present study is that the H9c2 embryonic ventricular myocytes used in this study cannot actually represent the adult cardiac myocytes.
null
164
37,880
0
false
null
null
One of the limitations of the present study is that the H9c2 embryonic ventricular myocytes used in this study cannot actually represent the adult cardiac myocytes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,493
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
Because the H9c2 cells can differ from adult cardiomyocytes by a number of features, the conclusions made from the experiments in H9c2 can hardly be extended to adult cells.
null
173
37,881
0
false
null
null
Because the H9c2 cells can differ from adult cardiomyocytes by a number of features, the conclusions made from the experiments in H9c2 can hardly be extended to adult cells.
true
true
true
true
true
6,493
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
Another caveat is that cardiac myocytes synthesize only collagen IV, a minor membrane-bound form, and therefore do not contribute significantly to adult cardiac fibrosis via collagen production.
null
194
37,882
0
false
null
null
Another caveat is that cardiac myocytes synthesize only collagen IV, a minor membrane-bound form, and therefore do not contribute significantly to adult cardiac fibrosis via collagen production.
true
true
true
true
true
6,493
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
Moreover, a direct induction of collagen synthesis has never been observed in other cardiac fibroblast or myocytes, greatly weakening the significance of these cells in cardiac fibrosis.
null
186
37,883
0
false
null
null
Moreover, a direct induction of collagen synthesis has never been observed in other cardiac fibroblast or myocytes, greatly weakening the significance of these cells in cardiac fibrosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,493
5
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
Further studies on additional fibrosis factors such as matrix metalloproteinases and fibronectin as well as the interactions of several cell types involved are required to evaluate the overall importance of CTGF induction by aldosterone in cardiac fibrosis.
null
257
37,884
0
false
null
null
Further studies on additional fibrosis factors such as matrix metalloproteinases and fibronectin as well as the interactions of several cell types involved are required to evaluate the overall importance of CTGF induction by aldosterone in cardiac fibrosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,493
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that the CTGF induction by aldosterone involves p38 MAPK cascade and mineralocorticoid receptor and that the two pathways are linked.
null
183
37,885
0
false
null
null
In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that the CTGF induction by aldosterone involves p38 MAPK cascade and mineralocorticoid receptor and that the two pathways are linked.
true
true
true
true
true
6,494
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
15,608,389
null
Our findings set the stage for detailed studies on the signaling cascades that are initiated by aldosterone and lead to CTGF upregulation.
null
138
37,886
0
false
null
null
Our findings set the stage for detailed studies on the signaling cascades that are initiated by aldosterone and lead to CTGF upregulation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,494
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
18,581,581
pmid-16442644|pmid-12962172
According to the report of National Statistics Office of Korea in 2007, life expectancy of Korean women is anticipated to extend to an average age of 81 yr.
[ "1", "2" ]
156
37,887
0
false
According to the report of National Statistics Office of Korea in 2007, life expectancy of Korean women is anticipated to extend to an average age of 81 yr.
[]
According to the report of National Statistics Office of Korea in 2007, life expectancy of Korean women is anticipated to extend to an average age of 81 yr.
true
true
true
true
true
6,495
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
18,581,581
pmid-16442644|pmid-12962172
Women's lives are very closely related to female sex hormones.
[ "1", "2" ]
62
37,888
0
false
Women's lives are very closely related to female sex hormones.
[]
Women's lives are very closely related to female sex hormones.
true
true
true
true
true
6,495
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
18,581,581
pmid-16442644|pmid-12962172
Hormonal changes proceed gradually in men but women encounter fast hormonal change (menopause).
[ "1", "2" ]
95
37,889
0
false
Hormonal changes proceed gradually in men but women encounter fast hormonal change (menopause).
[]
Hormonal changes proceed gradually in men but women encounter fast hormonal change (menopause).
true
true
true
true
true
6,495
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
18,581,581
pmid-16442644|pmid-12962172
Menopause, the permanent loss of menstruation after amenorrhea lasting more than 1 yr due to the loss of estrogen production by the ovaries, is a major aging process of women and most women encounter this hormonal change between 40 and 55 yr of age.1 Therefore, many women spend almost 1/3 of their lives in menopause.
[ "1", "2" ]
318
37,890
0
false
Menopause, the permanent loss of menstruation after amenorrhea lasting more than 1 yr due to the loss of estrogen production by the ovaries, is a major aging process of women and most women encounter this hormonal change between 40 and 55 yr of age.1 Therefore, many women spend almost 1/3 of their lives in menopause.
[]
Menopause, the permanent loss of menstruation after amenorrhea lasting more than 1 yr due to the loss of estrogen production by the ovaries, is a major aging process of women and most women encounter this hormonal change between 40 and 55 yr of age.1 Therefore, many women spend almost 1/3 of their lives in menopause.
true
true
true
true
true
6,495
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
18,581,581
pmid-16442644|pmid-12962172
As women age, they are more likely to experience disease and disability.2
[ "1", "2" ]
73
37,891
0
false
As women age, they are more likely to experience disease and disability.2
[]
As women age, they are more likely to experience disease and disability.2
true
true
false
true
false
6,495
1
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
18,581,581
pmid-3044718|pmid-12626029|pmid-2183053|NA
The effects of ovarian steroids are very diverse.
[ "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
49
37,892
0
false
The effects of ovarian steroids are very diverse.
[]
The effects of ovarian steroids are very diverse.
true
true
true
true
true
6,496
1
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
18,581,581
pmid-3044718|pmid-12626029|pmid-2183053|NA
Although sexual dysfunction is the most wellknown disability of women after menopause, there are many effects of female sex hormones on other vaginal functions.
[ "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
160
37,893
0
false
Although sexual dysfunction is the most wellknown disability of women after menopause, there are many effects of female sex hormones on other vaginal functions.
[]
Although sexual dysfunction is the most wellknown disability of women after menopause, there are many effects of female sex hormones on other vaginal functions.
true
true
true
true
true
6,496
1
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
18,581,581
pmid-3044718|pmid-12626029|pmid-2183053|NA
They may play a role in the pathophysiology of senescence.
[ "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
58
37,894
0
false
They may play a role in the pathophysiology of senescence.
[]
They may play a role in the pathophysiology of senescence.
true
true
true
true
true
6,496
1
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
18,581,581
pmid-3044718|pmid-12626029|pmid-2183053|NA
Whereas only subtle changes occur in pituitary dynamic, adrenal gland physiology, and thyroid function, changes in glucose homeostasis, reproductive function, and calcium metabolism are more apparent.3 There are significant alterations in metabolism of skin and hair, body composition, and subcutaneous fat distribution ...
[ "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
623
37,895
0
false
Whereas only subtle changes occur in pituitary dynamic, adrenal gland physiology, and thyroid function, changes in glucose homeostasis, reproductive function, and calcium metabolism are more apparent.3 There are significant alterations in metabolism of skin and hair, body composition, and subcutaneous fat distribution ...
[]
Whereas only subtle changes occur in pituitary dynamic, adrenal gland physiology, and thyroid function, changes in glucose homeostasis, reproductive function, and calcium metabolism are more apparent.3 There are significant alterations in metabolism of skin and hair, body composition, and subcutaneous fat distribution ...
true
true
true
true
true
6,496
2
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
18,581,581
null
This review explored major significant diseases in older women that are hormone-dependent including osteoporosis, AD, urinary incontinence, and coronary atherosclerosis, and we would like to provide some understanding of factors that must be considered in order to provide optimal care for these patients.
null
305
37,896
0
false
null
null
This review explored major significant diseases in older women that are hormone-dependent including osteoporosis, AD, urinary incontinence, and coronary atherosclerosis, and we would like to provide some understanding of factors that must be considered in order to provide optimal care for these patients.
true
true
true
true
true
6,497
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
17,704,136
pmid-9305837|pmid-2660830|NA|pmid-8138564|pmid-1757505|pmid-3955173|pmid-9826673|pmid-8522597|pmid-9635737|pmid-14645090
DNA in the cell nucleus is organized in nucleosomes by repetitive coiling ∼1.8 times around core particles consisting of two copies of each of four different core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
194
37,897
0
false
DNA in the cell nucleus is organized in nucleosomes by repetitive coiling ∼1.8 times around core particles consisting of two copies of each of four different core histones.
[ "H2A, H2B, H3 and H4" ]
DNA in the cell nucleus is organized in nucleosomes by repetitive coiling ∼1.8 times around core particles consisting of two copies of each of four different core histones.
true
true
true
true
true
6,498
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
17,704,136
pmid-9305837|pmid-2660830|NA|pmid-8138564|pmid-1757505|pmid-3955173|pmid-9826673|pmid-8522597|pmid-9635737|pmid-14645090
In higher eukaryotes a fifth histone, H1, is bound to the majority of the nucleosomes, bridging the DNA at the entry and exit of its coiling around the core particle.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
166
37,898
0
false
In higher eukaryotes a fifth histone, H1, is bound to the majority of the nucleosomes, bridging the DNA at the entry and exit of its coiling around the core particle.
[]
In higher eukaryotes a fifth histone, H1, is bound to the majority of the nucleosomes, bridging the DNA at the entry and exit of its coiling around the core particle.
true
true
true
true
true
6,498
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
17,704,136
pmid-9305837|pmid-2660830|NA|pmid-8138564|pmid-1757505|pmid-3955173|pmid-9826673|pmid-8522597|pmid-9635737|pmid-14645090
On average, one nucleosome is present for every 160–240 bp of DNA [the nucleosomal repeat length (NRL)].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
104
37,899
0
false
On average, one nucleosome is present for every 160–240 bp of DNA [the nucleosomal repeat length (NRL)].
[]
On average, one nucleosome is present for every 160–240 bp of DNA [the nucleosomal repeat length (NRL)].
true
true
true
true
true
6,498
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
17,704,136
pmid-9305837|pmid-2660830|NA|pmid-8138564|pmid-1757505|pmid-3955173|pmid-9826673|pmid-8522597|pmid-9635737|pmid-14645090
The structure of the nucleosome is known in detail (1), and several models have been proposed for folding of the nucleosomal filaments into fibers with a diameter of ∼30 nm (2), which have been observed by electron microscopy.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
226
37,900
1
false
The structure of the nucleosome is known in detail, and several models have been proposed for folding of the nucleosomal filaments into fibers with a diameter of ∼30 nm, which have been observed by electron microscopy.
[ "1", "2" ]
The structure of the nucleosome is known in detail, and several models have been proposed for folding of the nucleosomal filaments into fibers with a diameter of ∼30 nm, which have been observed by electron microscopy.
true
true
true
true
true
6,498
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
17,704,136
pmid-9305837|pmid-2660830|NA|pmid-8138564|pmid-1757505|pmid-3955173|pmid-9826673|pmid-8522597|pmid-9635737|pmid-14645090
These models are based on experimental evidence obtained by a number of different techniques, using nuclear preparations, isolated chromatin and reconstituted oligonucleosomes.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
176
37,901
0
false
These models are based on experimental evidence obtained by a number of different techniques, using nuclear preparations, isolated chromatin and reconstituted oligonucleosomes.
[]
These models are based on experimental evidence obtained by a number of different techniques, using nuclear preparations, isolated chromatin and reconstituted oligonucleosomes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,498
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
17,704,136
pmid-9305837|pmid-2660830|NA|pmid-8138564|pmid-1757505|pmid-3955173|pmid-9826673|pmid-8522597|pmid-9635737|pmid-14645090
One of the main differences between the models is whether the DNA, which connects the nucleosomes (linker DNA), is straight or bent.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
132
37,902
0
false
One of the main differences between the models is whether the DNA, which connects the nucleosomes (linker DNA), is straight or bent.
[]
One of the main differences between the models is whether the DNA, which connects the nucleosomes (linker DNA), is straight or bent.
true
true
true
true
true
6,498
0
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
17,704,136
pmid-9305837|pmid-2660830|NA|pmid-8138564|pmid-1757505|pmid-3955173|pmid-9826673|pmid-8522597|pmid-9635737|pmid-14645090
Studies of chromatin in isolated nuclei have provided evidence for an organization of the filament into globular assemblies of nucleosomes (supranucleosomes or superbeads) (3) as well as for interdigitation of 30 nm fibers (4,5).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
229
37,903
1
false
Studies of chromatin in isolated nuclei have provided evidence for an organization of the filament into globular assemblies of nucleosomes (supranucleosomes or superbeads) as well as for interdigitation of 30 nm fibers.
[ "3", "4,5" ]
Studies of chromatin in isolated nuclei have provided evidence for an organization of the filament into globular assemblies of nucleosomes (supranucleosomes or superbeads) as well as for interdigitation of 30 nm fibers.
true
true
true
true
true
6,498
0
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
17,704,136
pmid-9305837|pmid-2660830|NA|pmid-8138564|pmid-1757505|pmid-3955173|pmid-9826673|pmid-8522597|pmid-9635737|pmid-14645090
Supranucleosomes have been proposed to be caused by dislocations in a cross-linker helical structure (6), but no models have been developed to explain the geometry of double fibers.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6" ]
181
37,904
1
false
Supranucleosomes have been proposed to be caused by dislocations in a cross-linker helical structure, but no models have been developed to explain the geometry of double fibers.
[ "6" ]
Supranucleosomes have been proposed to be caused by dislocations in a cross-linker helical structure, but no models have been developed to explain the geometry of double fibers.
true
true
true
true
true
6,498
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
17,704,136
pmid-15377519|pmid-16622406|pmid-9514762|pmid-11171316
The conformational freedom of the nucleosomal filament, i.e.
[ "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
60
37,905
0
false
The conformational freedom of the nucleosomal filament, i.e.
[]
The conformational freedom of the nucleosomal filament, i.e.
true
true
true
true
true
6,499
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
17,704,136
pmid-15377519|pmid-16622406|pmid-9514762|pmid-11171316
the number of different conformations it can attain, is limited by collisions between the nucleosomes, and is in first instance determined by the basic geometry of the filament, which is therefore of importance for the structure and function of the chromatin in the cell.
[ "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
271
37,906
0
false
the number of different conformations it can attain, is limited by collisions between the nucleosomes, and is in first instance determined by the basic geometry of the filament, which is therefore of importance for the structure and function of the chromatin in the cell.
[]
the number of different conformations it can attain, is limited by collisions between the nucleosomes, and is in first instance determined by the basic geometry of the filament, which is therefore of importance for the structure and function of the chromatin in the cell.
false
true
true
true
false
6,499
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
17,704,136
pmid-15377519|pmid-16622406|pmid-9514762|pmid-11171316
One function concerns its role in transcription and transcriptional regulation, in which its dynamic nature (7) and structural plasticity (8) must play an important role.
[ "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
170
37,907
1
false
One function concerns its role in transcription and transcriptional regulation, in which its dynamic nature and structural plasticity must play an important role.
[ "7", "8" ]
One function concerns its role in transcription and transcriptional regulation, in which its dynamic nature and structural plasticity must play an important role.
true
true
true
true
true
6,499
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
17,704,136
pmid-15377519|pmid-16622406|pmid-9514762|pmid-11171316
Another function concerns the putative architectural role of the chromatin in the nucleus, of which not so much is known.
[ "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
121
37,908
0
false
Another function concerns the putative architectural role of the chromatin in the nucleus, of which not so much is known.
[]
Another function concerns the putative architectural role of the chromatin in the nucleus, of which not so much is known.
true
true
true
true
true
6,499
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
17,704,136
pmid-15377519|pmid-16622406|pmid-9514762|pmid-11171316
A long-standing question is to which extent the chromatin is a self-organizing polymer and to which extent it is being organized by other structures in the nucleus (9,10).
[ "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
171
37,909
0
false
A long-standing question is to which extent the chromatin is a self-organizing polymer and to which extent it is being organized by other structures in the nucleus.
[ "9,10" ]
A long-standing question is to which extent the chromatin is a self-organizing polymer and to which extent it is being organized by other structures in the nucleus.
true
true
true
true
true
6,499
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "B7", "B8", "B9", "B10" ]
17,704,136
pmid-15377519|pmid-16622406|pmid-9514762|pmid-11171316
It is not known whether the basic geometry of the filament by itself makes possible the formation of stable fiber associations.
[ "7", "8", "9", "10" ]
127
37,910
0
false
It is not known whether the basic geometry of the filament by itself makes possible the formation of stable fiber associations.
[]
It is not known whether the basic geometry of the filament by itself makes possible the formation of stable fiber associations.
true
true
true
true
true
6,499
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12 B13 B14" ]
17,704,136
pmid-7673231|pmid-8415647|NA|pmid-11259307|pmid-10931924|pmid-7439531|pmid-6268454|pmid-6278427|pmid-6216116|NA
Provided that the linker DNA is straight—and there is evidence to suggest that this is so in the cell (11)—conformational variations of the filament are mainly determined by two angles: the change in direction of the DNA every time it coils around a core particle and the angle between the flat faces of consecutive nucl...
[ "11", "12–14" ]
368
37,911
1
false
Provided that the linker DNA is straight—and there is evidence to suggest that this is so in the cell —conformational variations of the filament are mainly determined by two angles: the change in direction of the DNA every time it coils around a core particle and the angle between the flat faces of consecutive nucleoso...
[ "11" ]
Provided that the linker DNA is straight—and there is evidence to suggest that this is so in the cell —conformational variations of the filament are mainly determined by two angles: the change in direction of the DNA every time it coils around a core particle and the angle between the flat faces of consecutive nucleoso...
true
true
true
true
true
6,500
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12 B13 B14" ]
17,704,136
pmid-7673231|pmid-8415647|NA|pmid-11259307|pmid-10931924|pmid-7439531|pmid-6268454|pmid-6278427|pmid-6216116|NA
This angle is often referred to as the rotational angle, because the positions of the core particles in the filament follow the right-handed rotation of the DNA double helix and therefore vary with the linker length.
[ "11", "12–14" ]
216
37,912
0
false
This angle is often referred to as the rotational angle, because the positions of the core particles in the filament follow the right-handed rotation of the DNA double helix and therefore vary with the linker length.
[]
This angle is often referred to as the rotational angle, because the positions of the core particles in the filament follow the right-handed rotation of the DNA double helix and therefore vary with the linker length.
true
true
true
true
true
6,500
2
INTRODUCTION
1
12–14
[ "B11", "B12 B13 B14" ]
17,704,136
pmid-7673231|pmid-8415647|NA|pmid-11259307|pmid-10931924|pmid-7439531|pmid-6268454|pmid-6278427|pmid-6216116|NA
The conformational changes caused by variations in these two angles have been studied by computer models (12–14), but existing models do not take into account the full consequences of the size of the directional change of the DNA at the nucleosome, the asymmetry of rotation around the linker DNA and the conformational ...
[ "11", "12–14" ]
361
37,913
1
false
The conformational changes caused by variations in these two angles have been studied by computer models, but existing models do not take into account the full consequences of the size of the directional change of the DNA at the nucleosome, the asymmetry of rotation around the linker DNA and the conformational limitati...
[ "12–14" ]
The conformational changes caused by variations in these two angles have been studied by computer models, but existing models do not take into account the full consequences of the size of the directional change of the DNA at the nucleosome, the asymmetry of rotation around the linker DNA and the conformational limitati...
true
true
true
true
true
6,500
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12 B13 B14" ]
17,704,136
pmid-7673231|pmid-8415647|NA|pmid-11259307|pmid-10931924|pmid-7439531|pmid-6268454|pmid-6278427|pmid-6216116|NA
The present study shows that these parameters are of major importance for the conformational freedom of the filament, and explores the possible conformations by means of physical models.
[ "11", "12–14" ]
186
37,914
0
false
The present study shows that these parameters are of major importance for the conformational freedom of the filament, and explores the possible conformations by means of physical models.
[]
The present study shows that these parameters are of major importance for the conformational freedom of the filament, and explores the possible conformations by means of physical models.
true
true
true
true
true
6,500
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12 B13 B14" ]
17,704,136
pmid-7673231|pmid-8415647|NA|pmid-11259307|pmid-10931924|pmid-7439531|pmid-6268454|pmid-6278427|pmid-6216116|NA
It provides a survey of different conformations of the nucleosomal filament and how they are related to each other, as well as to existing models of the chromatin fiber.
[ "11", "12–14" ]
169
37,915
0
false
It provides a survey of different conformations of the nucleosomal filament and how they are related to each other, as well as to existing models of the chromatin fiber.
[]
It provides a survey of different conformations of the nucleosomal filament and how they are related to each other, as well as to existing models of the chromatin fiber.
true
true
true
true
true
6,500