Split (1)

train · 816k rows

paragraph_index int64	sec string	p_has_citation int64	cites string	citeids list	pmid int64	cited_id string	sentences string	all_sent_cites list	sent_len int64	sentence_batch_index int64	sent_has_citation float64	qc_fail bool	cited_sentence string	cites_in_sentence list	cln_sentence string	is_cap bool	is_alpha bool	ends_wp bool	cit_qc bool	lgtm bool	__index_level_0__ int64
8	DISCUSSION	1	14	[ "DDQ216C14" ]	20,508,037	pmid-19674504	However, it is possible that a dosage effect of FcγRIIIB is not equally important in all infections.	[ "14" ]	100	43,619	0	false	However, it is possible that a dosage effect of FcγRIIIB is not equally important in all infections.	[]	However, it is possible that a dosage effect of FcγRIIIB is not equally important in all infections.	true	true	true	true	true	7,549
8	DISCUSSION	1	14	[ "DDQ216C14" ]	20,508,037	pmid-19674504	In the response to bacteria which elicit a largely IgG2 response, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, FcγRIIA-H131 is most effective in binding the IgG isotype (14) and will be most important in binding the opsonized pathogen, whereas FcγRIIIB binding may play a lesser role.	[ "14" ]	273	43,620	1	false	In the response to bacteria which elicit a largely IgG2 response, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, FcγRIIA-H131 is most effective in binding the IgG isotype and will be most important in binding the opsonized pathogen, whereas FcγRIIIB binding may play a lesser role.	[ "14" ]	In the response to bacteria which elicit a largely IgG2 response, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, FcγRIIA-H131 is most effective in binding the IgG isotype and will be most important in binding the opsonized pathogen, whereas FcγRIIIB binding may play a lesser role.	true	true	true	true	true	7,549
8	DISCUSSION	1	14	[ "DDQ216C14" ]	20,508,037	pmid-19674504	Thus to examine the effect of FCGR3B CN on such diseases, the analysis of larger and microbiologically more precisely defined cohorts will be required.	[ "14" ]	151	43,621	0	false	Thus to examine the effect of FCGR3B CN on such diseases, the analysis of larger and microbiologically more precisely defined cohorts will be required.	[]	Thus to examine the effect of FCGR3B CN on such diseases, the analysis of larger and microbiologically more precisely defined cohorts will be required.	true	true	true	true	true	7,549
9	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,508,037	null	This study describes a triple PRT method to determine integer CN of genes in the FCGR locus, in particular FCGR3B.	null	114	43,622	0	false	null	null	This study describes a triple PRT method to determine integer CN of genes in the FCGR locus, in particular FCGR3B.	true	true	true	true	true	7,550
9	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,508,037	null	The heterogeneity of CNV breakpoints is highlighted, as is LD between SNPs and CNV in the region, and future studies in the FCGR locus will need to take this complexity into account.	null	182	43,623	0	false	null	null	The heterogeneity of CNV breakpoints is highlighted, as is LD between SNPs and CNV in the region, and future studies in the FCGR locus will need to take this complexity into account.	true	true	true	true	true	7,550
9	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,508,037	null	In this study, CN of FCGR3B is demonstrated to be an important risk factor in SLE across two different ethnic groups, independent of neighbouring FCGR SNPs.	null	156	43,624	0	false	null	null	In this study, CN of FCGR3B is demonstrated to be an important risk factor in SLE across two different ethnic groups, independent of neighbouring FCGR SNPs.	true	true	true	true	true	7,550
9	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,508,037	null	Further work needs to be carried out to accurately determine the profile of FCGR3B CN in other autoimmune diseases and bacterial infections, for which the triple PRT assay is highly suitable.	null	191	43,625	0	false	null	null	Further work needs to be carried out to accurately determine the profile of FCGR3B CN in other autoimmune diseases and bacterial infections, for which the triple PRT assay is highly suitable.	true	true	true	true	true	7,550
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1	[ "R1" ]	20,448,834	pmid-16781440	The most effective treatment for an infected total hip replacement (THR) is controversial	[ "1" ]	89	43,626	0	false	The most effective treatment for an infected total hip replacement (THR) is controversial	[]	The most effective treatment for an infected total hip replacement (THR) is controversial	true	true	false	true	false	7,551
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1	[ "R1" ]	20,448,834	pmid-16781440	Many questions remain.	[ "1" ]	22	43,627	0	false	Many questions remain.	[]	Many questions remain.	true	true	true	true	true	7,551
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1	[ "R1" ]	20,448,834	pmid-16781440	For example, in patients with chronic infection requiring exchange arthroplasty, should the procedure be done in one or two stages?	[ "1" ]	131	43,628	0	false	For example, in patients with chronic infection requiring exchange arthroplasty, should the procedure be done in one or two stages?	[]	For example, in patients with chronic infection requiring exchange arthroplasty, should the procedure be done in one or two stages?	true	true	true	true	true	7,551
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1	[ "R1" ]	20,448,834	pmid-16781440	In acute infection, should the prosthesis be exchanged, or is soft-tissue debridement sufficient?	[ "1" ]	97	43,629	0	false	In acute infection, should the prosthesis be exchanged, or is soft-tissue debridement sufficient?	[]	In acute infection, should the prosthesis be exchanged, or is soft-tissue debridement sufficient?	true	true	true	true	true	7,551
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1	[ "R1" ]	20,448,834	pmid-16781440	Does resection arthroplasty provide better control of infection than exchange arthroplasty?	[ "1" ]	91	43,630	0	false	Does resection arthroplasty provide better control of infection than exchange arthroplasty?	[]	Does resection arthroplasty provide better control of infection than exchange arthroplasty?	true	true	true	true	true	7,551
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1	[ "R1" ]	20,448,834	pmid-16781440	In exchange arthroplasty, can cementless prostheses be used, or is antibioticloaded bone cement required?	[ "1" ]	105	43,631	0	false	In exchange arthroplasty, can cementless prostheses be used, or is antibioticloaded bone cement required?	[]	In exchange arthroplasty, can cementless prostheses be used, or is antibioticloaded bone cement required?	true	true	true	true	true	7,551
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1	[ "R1" ]	20,448,834	pmid-16781440	With the use of modern sterile surgical technique, unidirectional airflow systems, and preoperative antibiotics, the infection rate in total joint replacement has fallen to approximately 1% to 2.5%.	[ "1" ]	198	43,632	0	false	With the use of modern sterile surgical technique, unidirectional airflow systems, and preoperative antibiotics, the infection rate in total joint replacement has fallen to approximately 1% to 2.5%.	[]	With the use of modern sterile surgical technique, unidirectional airflow systems, and preoperative antibiotics, the infection rate in total joint replacement has fallen to approximately 1% to 2.5%.	true	true	true	true	true	7,551
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1	[ "R1" ]	20,448,834	pmid-16781440	Although this percentage is small, the annual number of primary arthroplasty procedures continues to grow dramatically due to an aging population.	[ "1" ]	146	43,633	0	false	Although this percentage is small, the annual number of primary arthroplasty procedures continues to grow dramatically due to an aging population.	[]	Although this percentage is small, the annual number of primary arthroplasty procedures continues to grow dramatically due to an aging population.	true	true	true	true	true	7,551
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1	[ "R1" ]	20,448,834	pmid-16781440	In order to limit patient morbidity and minimize the economic impact of infected revision arthroplasty, continued efforts should be directed to improve the treatments for deep periprosthetic infections.	[ "1" ]	202	43,634	0	false	In order to limit patient morbidity and minimize the economic impact of infected revision arthroplasty, continued efforts should be directed to improve the treatments for deep periprosthetic infections.	[]	In order to limit patient morbidity and minimize the economic impact of infected revision arthroplasty, continued efforts should be directed to improve the treatments for deep periprosthetic infections.	true	true	true	true	true	7,551
1	INTRODUCTION	0	null	null	20,448,834	null	We will discuss the general principles of management, the treatment of acute infection occurring in the postoperative period or later, and the treatment of chronic infection by exchange arthroplasty or resection arthroplasty.	null	225	43,635	0	false	null	null	We will discuss the general principles of management, the treatment of acute infection occurring in the postoperative period or later, and the treatment of chronic infection by exchange arthroplasty or resection arthroplasty.	true	true	true	true	true	7,552
2	INTRODUCTION	0	null	null	20,448,834	null	Periprosthetic infection is a debilitating and costly complication of total joint arthroplasty.	null	95	43,636	0	false	null	null	Periprosthetic infection is a debilitating and costly complication of total joint arthroplasty.	true	true	true	true	true	7,553
0	DISCUSSION	1	17	[ "B17", "B28", "B29", "B23" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19400936\|pmid-17307033\|pmid-20075242\|pmid-15882619	The data shown here indicate that DRH-3 behaves like its Dicer and RIG-I orthologs in that DRH-3 binds and is activated by dsRNA.	[ "17", "28", "29", "23" ]	129	43,637	0	false	The data shown here indicate that DRH-3 behaves like its Dicer and RIG-I orthologs in that DRH-3 binds and is activated by dsRNA.	[]	The data shown here indicate that DRH-3 behaves like its Dicer and RIG-I orthologs in that DRH-3 binds and is activated by dsRNA.	true	true	true	true	true	7,554
0	DISCUSSION	1	17	[ "B17", "B28", "B29", "B23" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19400936\|pmid-17307033\|pmid-20075242\|pmid-15882619	Thus, dsRNA activation appears to be a function conserved by this family of RNA enzymes.	[ "17", "28", "29", "23" ]	88	43,638	0	false	Thus, dsRNA activation appears to be a function conserved by this family of RNA enzymes.	[]	Thus, dsRNA activation appears to be a function conserved by this family of RNA enzymes.	true	true	true	true	true	7,554
0	DISCUSSION	1	17	[ "B17", "B28", "B29", "B23" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19400936\|pmid-17307033\|pmid-20075242\|pmid-15882619	DRH-3 is more closely related to RIG-I at the primary sequence level than its Dicer homologs (supplemental Fig.	[ "17", "28", "29", "23" ]	111	43,639	0	false	DRH-3 is more closely related to RIG-I at the primary sequence level than its Dicer homologs (supplemental Fig.	[]	DRH-3 is more closely related to RIG-I at the primary sequence level than its Dicer homologs (supplemental Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,554
0	DISCUSSION	1	17	[ "B17", "B28", "B29", "B23" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19400936\|pmid-17307033\|pmid-20075242\|pmid-15882619	It is feasible that the C. elegans Dicer-related helicase proteins are prototypes of the RIG-I family of helicases (17) and that the mammalian proteins apply the machinery associated with dsRNA ATPase activation to newer, more advanced innate immune responses to viral infection (28, 29).	[ "17", "28", "29", "23" ]	288	43,640	1	false	It is feasible that the C. elegans Dicer-related helicase proteins are prototypes of the RIG-I family of helicases and that the mammalian proteins apply the machinery associated with dsRNA ATPase activation to newer, more advanced innate immune responses to viral infection.	[ "17", "28, 29" ]	It is feasible that the C. elegans Dicer-related helicase proteins are prototypes of the RIG-I family of helicases and that the mammalian proteins apply the machinery associated with dsRNA ATPase activation to newer, more advanced innate immune responses to viral infection.	true	true	true	true	true	7,554
0	DISCUSSION	1	17	[ "B17", "B28", "B29", "B23" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19400936\|pmid-17307033\|pmid-20075242\|pmid-15882619	Importantly, the RNA binding motifs Ia, Ib, and V are well conserved within the Dicer-RIG-I family.	[ "17", "28", "29", "23" ]	99	43,641	0	false	Importantly, the RNA binding motifs Ia, Ib, and V are well conserved within the Dicer-RIG-I family.	[]	Importantly, the RNA binding motifs Ia, Ib, and V are well conserved within the Dicer-RIG-I family.	true	true	true	true	true	7,554
0	DISCUSSION	1	23	[ "B17", "B28", "B29", "B23" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19400936\|pmid-17307033\|pmid-20075242\|pmid-15882619	Structural studies of helicases bound specifically to double-stranded nucleic acids, such as the chromatin-remodeling enzyme SNF/SWI, indicate that amino acids within motifs 1a, 1b, and V are essential for recognition of the double-stranded lattice (23).	[ "17", "28", "29", "23" ]	254	43,642	1	false	Structural studies of helicases bound specifically to double-stranded nucleic acids, such as the chromatin-remodeling enzyme SNF/SWI, indicate that amino acids within motifs 1a, 1b, and V are essential for recognition of the double-stranded lattice.	[ "23" ]	Structural studies of helicases bound specifically to double-stranded nucleic acids, such as the chromatin-remodeling enzyme SNF/SWI, indicate that amino acids within motifs 1a, 1b, and V are essential for recognition of the double-stranded lattice.	true	true	true	true	true	7,554
0	DISCUSSION	1	17	[ "B17", "B28", "B29", "B23" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19400936\|pmid-17307033\|pmid-20075242\|pmid-15882619	Based on all these lines of evidence, together with the observed duplex specificity of the protein family, it is likely that specialized motifs Ia, Ib, and V have adapted to provide a platform for binding dsRNA.	[ "17", "28", "29", "23" ]	211	43,643	0	false	Based on all these lines of evidence, together with the observed duplex specificity of the protein family, it is likely that specialized motifs Ia, Ib, and V have adapted to provide a platform for binding dsRNA.	[]	Based on all these lines of evidence, together with the observed duplex specificity of the protein family, it is likely that specialized motifs Ia, Ib, and V have adapted to provide a platform for binding dsRNA.	true	true	true	true	true	7,554
1	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B18", "B19" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-17038590\|pmid-17038589	A conserved class of RNA-dependent ATPases is essential to all gene-silencing pathways that act through small RNAs.	[ "30", "31", "18", "19" ]	115	43,644	0	false	A conserved class of RNA-dependent ATPases is essential to all gene-silencing pathways that act through small RNAs.	[]	A conserved class of RNA-dependent ATPases is essential to all gene-silencing pathways that act through small RNAs.	true	true	true	true	true	7,555
1	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B18", "B19" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-17038590\|pmid-17038589	Our study of DRH-3 is the first biochemical analysis of one of these motors essential to RNA silencing, and the behaviors we have observed are likely to inform our understanding of their biological function.	[ "30", "31", "18", "19" ]	207	43,645	0	false	Our study of DRH-3 is the first biochemical analysis of one of these motors essential to RNA silencing, and the behaviors we have observed are likely to inform our understanding of their biological function.	[]	Our study of DRH-3 is the first biochemical analysis of one of these motors essential to RNA silencing, and the behaviors we have observed are likely to inform our understanding of their biological function.	true	true	true	true	true	7,555
1	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B18", "B19" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-17038590\|pmid-17038589	In terms of ligand and cofactor specificity, we have shown that DRH-3 binds both single-stranded and double-stranded RNA with nanomolar affinity (Fig.	[ "30", "31", "18", "19" ]	150	43,646	0	false	In terms of ligand and cofactor specificity, we have shown that DRH-3 binds both single-stranded and double-stranded RNA with nanomolar affinity (Fig.	[]	In terms of ligand and cofactor specificity, we have shown that DRH-3 binds both single-stranded and double-stranded RNA with nanomolar affinity (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,555
1	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B18", "B19" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-17038590\|pmid-17038589	However, DRH-3 binds dsRNA four times more tightly than its ssRNA counterpart.	[ "30", "31", "18", "19" ]	78	43,647	0	false	However, DRH-3 binds dsRNA four times more tightly than its ssRNA counterpart.	[]	However, DRH-3 binds dsRNA four times more tightly than its ssRNA counterpart.	true	true	true	true	true	7,555
1	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B18", "B19" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-17038590\|pmid-17038589	This binding could be mediated by the motifs within the conserved “helicase core,” or it may also be mediated by appended domains of DRH-3, as suspected for RIG-I (30, 31).	[ "30", "31", "18", "19" ]	172	43,648	0	false	This binding could be mediated by the motifs within the conserved “helicase core,” or it may also be mediated by appended domains of DRH-3, as suspected for RIG-I.	[ "30, 31" ]	This binding could be mediated by the motifs within the conserved “helicase core,” or it may also be mediated by appended domains of DRH-3, as suspected for RIG-I.	true	true	true	true	true	7,555
1	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B18", "B19" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-17038590\|pmid-17038589	Perhaps most importantly, we show that DRH-3 requires at least one of the two duplex strands to be composed of RNA, thereby suggesting that DRH-3 is involved in post-transcriptional processes rather than the reorganization of chromatin DNA.	[ "30", "31", "18", "19" ]	240	43,649	0	false	Perhaps most importantly, we show that DRH-3 requires at least one of the two duplex strands to be composed of RNA, thereby suggesting that DRH-3 is involved in post-transcriptional processes rather than the reorganization of chromatin DNA.	[]	Perhaps most importantly, we show that DRH-3 requires at least one of the two duplex strands to be composed of RNA, thereby suggesting that DRH-3 is involved in post-transcriptional processes rather than the reorganization of chromatin DNA.	true	true	true	true	true	7,555
1	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B18", "B19" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-17038590\|pmid-17038589	In addition, we observe that DRH-3 ssRNA binding does not require 5′-triphosphates (supplemental Fig.	[ "30", "31", "18", "19" ]	101	43,650	0	false	In addition, we observe that DRH-3 ssRNA binding does not require 5′-triphosphates (supplemental Fig.	[]	In addition, we observe that DRH-3 ssRNA binding does not require 5′-triphosphates (supplemental Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,555
1	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B18", "B19" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-17038590\|pmid-17038589	S3), a property different from its mammalian ortholog, RIG-I (18, 19).	[ "30", "31", "18", "19" ]	70	43,651	0	false	S3), a property different from its mammalian ortholog, RIG-I.	[ "18, 19" ]	S3), a property different from its mammalian ortholog, RIG-I.	true	true	true	true	true	7,555
1	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B18", "B19" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-17038590\|pmid-17038589	Taken together, the dsRNA-stimulated ATPase activity of DRH-3 suggests that dsRNA is the natural ligand for DRH-3 (Fig.	[ "30", "31", "18", "19" ]	119	43,652	0	false	Taken together, the dsRNA-stimulated ATPase activity of DRH-3 suggests that dsRNA is the natural ligand for DRH-3 (Fig.	[]	Taken together, the dsRNA-stimulated ATPase activity of DRH-3 suggests that dsRNA is the natural ligand for DRH-3 (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,555
2	DISCUSSION	1	32	[ "B32", "B26", "B33" ]	20,529,861	pmid-17921146\|pmid-19119185\|NA	A kinetic analysis of DRH-3 ATPase activity has revealed important attributes of DRH-3 as an enzyme and shed light on its relatedness to other SF2 proteins.	[ "32", "26", "33" ]	156	43,653	0	false	A kinetic analysis of DRH-3 ATPase activity has revealed important attributes of DRH-3 as an enzyme and shed light on its relatedness to other SF2 proteins.	[]	A kinetic analysis of DRH-3 ATPase activity has revealed important attributes of DRH-3 as an enzyme and shed light on its relatedness to other SF2 proteins.	true	true	true	true	true	7,556
2	DISCUSSION	1	32	[ "B32", "B26", "B33" ]	20,529,861	pmid-17921146\|pmid-19119185\|NA	DRH-3 is a robust and fully RNA-dependent ATPase, hydrolyzing 500–700 ATPs/min, which is a kcat similar to the ATPase activity of the processive hepatitis C virus NS3 RNA helicase (Fig.	[ "32", "26", "33" ]	185	43,654	0	false	DRH-3 is a robust and fully RNA-dependent ATPase, hydrolyzing 500–700 ATPs/min, which is a kcat similar to the ATPase activity of the processive hepatitis C virus NS3 RNA helicase (Fig.	[]	DRH-3 is a robust and fully RNA-dependent ATPase, hydrolyzing 500–700 ATPs/min, which is a kcat similar to the ATPase activity of the processive hepatitis C virus NS3 RNA helicase (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,556
2	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B32", "B26", "B33" ]	20,529,861	pmid-17921146\|pmid-19119185\|NA	Of note, the ATP Km of 36 μm for DRH-3 is the same as the parameters determined for RIG-I ATP binding under single molecule conditions (26).	[ "32", "26", "33" ]	140	43,655	1	false	Of note, the ATP Km of 36 μm for DRH-3 is the same as the parameters determined for RIG-I ATP binding under single molecule conditions.	[ "26" ]	Of note, the ATP Km of 36 μm for DRH-3 is the same as the parameters determined for RIG-I ATP binding under single molecule conditions.	true	true	true	true	true	7,556
2	DISCUSSION	1	32	[ "B32", "B26", "B33" ]	20,529,861	pmid-17921146\|pmid-19119185\|NA	Curiously, high concentrations (10-fold >	[ "32", "26", "33" ]	41	43,656	0	false	Curiously, high concentrations (10-fold >	[]	Curiously, high concentrations (10-fold >	true	true	false	true	false	7,556
2	DISCUSSION	1	32	[ "B32", "B26", "B33" ]	20,529,861	pmid-17921146\|pmid-19119185\|NA	[E]) of dsRNA inhibit the ATPase activity of DRH-3 (Fig.	[ "32", "26", "33" ]	56	43,657	0	false	[E]) of dsRNA inhibit the ATPase activity of DRH-3 (Fig.	[]	[E]) of dsRNA inhibit the ATPase activity of DRH-3 (Fig.	false	false	true	true	false	7,556
2	DISCUSSION	1	33	[ "B32", "B26", "B33" ]	20,529,861	pmid-17921146\|pmid-19119185\|NA	5B), resembling a case in which free substrate inhibits the activity of an enzyme that requires an essential activator (33).	[ "32", "26", "33" ]	124	43,658	1	false	5B), resembling a case in which free substrate inhibits the activity of an enzyme that requires an essential activator.	[ "33" ]	5B), resembling a case in which free substrate inhibits the activity of an enzyme that requires an essential activator.	false	false	true	true	false	7,556
2	DISCUSSION	1	32	[ "B32", "B26", "B33" ]	20,529,861	pmid-17921146\|pmid-19119185\|NA	In our case, free activator causes inhibition of DRH-3 ATPase rate.	[ "32", "26", "33" ]	67	43,659	0	false	In our case, free activator causes inhibition of DRH-3 ATPase rate.	[]	In our case, free activator causes inhibition of DRH-3 ATPase rate.	true	true	true	true	true	7,556
2	DISCUSSION	1	32	[ "B32", "B26", "B33" ]	20,529,861	pmid-17921146\|pmid-19119185\|NA	Moreover, activator inhibition occurs at multiple DRH-3 concentrations (data not shown), supporting an autoinhibition mechanism that may limit DRH-3 ATPase function (see below).	[ "32", "26", "33" ]	177	43,660	0	false	Moreover, activator inhibition occurs at multiple DRH-3 concentrations (data not shown), supporting an autoinhibition mechanism that may limit DRH-3 ATPase function (see below).	[]	Moreover, activator inhibition occurs at multiple DRH-3 concentrations (data not shown), supporting an autoinhibition mechanism that may limit DRH-3 ATPase function (see below).	true	true	true	true	true	7,556
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	The RNA binding behavior of DRH-3 suggests that there may be interesting modes of allosteric regulation for the protein.	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	120	43,661	0	false	The RNA binding behavior of DRH-3 suggests that there may be interesting modes of allosteric regulation for the protein.	[]	The RNA binding behavior of DRH-3 suggests that there may be interesting modes of allosteric regulation for the protein.	true	true	true	true	true	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	Several observations may be particularly relevant.	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	50	43,662	0	false	Several observations may be particularly relevant.	[]	Several observations may be particularly relevant.	true	true	true	true	true	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	We find an apparent difference between the functional (active) and non-functional (passive) dsRNA binding activities of DRH-3.	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	126	43,663	0	false	We find an apparent difference between the functional (active) and non-functional (passive) dsRNA binding activities of DRH-3.	[]	We find an apparent difference between the functional (active) and non-functional (passive) dsRNA binding activities of DRH-3.	true	true	true	true	true	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	In direct binding assays (the absence of ATP), DRH-3 binds RNA as a monomer, dimer, or multimer (∼3), and binding in multimeric form is dependent on protein concentration (Fig.	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	176	43,664	0	false	In direct binding assays (the absence of ATP), DRH-3 binds RNA as a monomer, dimer, or multimer (∼3), and binding in multimeric form is dependent on protein concentration (Fig.	[]	In direct binding assays (the absence of ATP), DRH-3 binds RNA as a monomer, dimer, or multimer, and binding in multimeric form is dependent on protein concentration (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	4A), as observed for almost every other SF2 family member (34–36).	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	66	43,665	0	false	4A), as observed for almost every other SF2 family member.	[ "34–36" ]	4A), as observed for almost every other SF2 family member.	false	false	true	true	false	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	SF2 proteins appear to be “sticky,” having strong and often nonspecific electrostatic interactions with negatively charged polymers.	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	132	43,666	0	false	SF2 proteins appear to be “sticky,” having strong and often nonspecific electrostatic interactions with negatively charged polymers.	[]	SF2 proteins appear to be “sticky,” having strong and often nonspecific electrostatic interactions with negatively charged polymers.	true	true	true	true	true	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	In the case of DRH-3, oligomerization is a direct result of RNA binding because DRH-3 is a monomer in solution according to sedimentation velocity experiments (supplemental Fig.	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	177	43,667	0	false	In the case of DRH-3, oligomerization is a direct result of RNA binding because DRH-3 is a monomer in solution according to sedimentation velocity experiments (supplemental Fig.	[]	In the case of DRH-3, oligomerization is a direct result of RNA binding because DRH-3 is a monomer in solution according to sedimentation velocity experiments (supplemental Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	Native gel analysis shows that DRH-3 binds as a multimer to both ssRNA and dsRNA (Fig.	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	86	43,668	0	false	Native gel analysis shows that DRH-3 binds as a multimer to both ssRNA and dsRNA (Fig.	[]	Native gel analysis shows that DRH-3 binds as a multimer to both ssRNA and dsRNA (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	2, C and D).	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	12	43,669	0	false	2, C and D).	[]	2, C and D).	false	false	true	true	false	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	However, DRH-3 is activated only by dsRNA, suggesting that oligomerization results from nonspecific binding to RNA.	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	115	43,670	0	false	However, DRH-3 is activated only by dsRNA, suggesting that oligomerization results from nonspecific binding to RNA.	[]	However, DRH-3 is activated only by dsRNA, suggesting that oligomerization results from nonspecific binding to RNA.	true	true	true	true	true	7,557
3	DISCUSSION	1	34	[ "B34", "B35", "B36" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18332124\|pmid-14688266\|pmid-18283103	Therefore, direct binding of RNA may or may not reflect functional binding.	[ "34", "–", "36" ]	75	43,671	0	false	Therefore, direct binding of RNA may or may not reflect functional binding.	[]	Therefore, direct binding of RNA may or may not reflect functional binding.	true	true	true	true	true	7,557
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	DRH-3 requires dsRNA to hydrolyze ATP, and therefore, ATPase activity can provide a metric of functional dsRNA binding.	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	119	43,672	0	false	DRH-3 requires dsRNA to hydrolyze ATP, and therefore, ATPase activity can provide a metric of functional dsRNA binding.	[]	DRH-3 requires dsRNA to hydrolyze ATP, and therefore, ATPase activity can provide a metric of functional dsRNA binding.	true	true	true	true	true	7,558
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	Using this approach, we determined the stoichiometry of functional dsRNA binding and observed its sensitivity to variance in dsRNA concentration.	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	145	43,673	0	false	Using this approach, we determined the stoichiometry of functional dsRNA binding and observed its sensitivity to variance in dsRNA concentration.	[]	Using this approach, we determined the stoichiometry of functional dsRNA binding and observed its sensitivity to variance in dsRNA concentration.	true	true	true	true	true	7,558
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	Based on this analysis, we observe that DRH-3 binds one short RNA duplex per molecule of protein (Fig.	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	102	43,674	0	false	Based on this analysis, we observe that DRH-3 binds one short RNA duplex per molecule of protein (Fig.	[]	Based on this analysis, we observe that DRH-3 binds one short RNA duplex per molecule of protein (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,558
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	However, the reduced ATPase activity at low ds25 RNA concentrations suggests some form of allosteric behavior.	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	110	43,675	0	false	However, the reduced ATPase activity at low ds25 RNA concentrations suggests some form of allosteric behavior.	[]	However, the reduced ATPase activity at low ds25 RNA concentrations suggests some form of allosteric behavior.	true	true	true	true	true	7,558
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	We can envision two models to fit the sigmoidal functional binding data.	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	72	43,676	0	false	We can envision two models to fit the sigmoidal functional binding data.	[]	We can envision two models to fit the sigmoidal functional binding data.	true	true	true	true	true	7,558
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	First, DRH-3 may have two binding sites for RNA (as observed for other RNA helicases and polymerases) (30, 31, 37), and these distinct sites may have different functions.	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	170	43,677	0	false	First, DRH-3 may have two binding sites for RNA (as observed for other RNA helicases and polymerases), and these distinct sites may have different functions.	[ "30, 31, 37" ]	First, DRH-3 may have two binding sites for RNA (as observed for other RNA helicases and polymerases), and these distinct sites may have different functions.	true	true	true	true	true	7,558
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	For example, one site may behave as the activator site (site A), and the other site may behave as an inhibitor site (site I).	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	125	43,678	0	false	For example, one site may behave as the activator site (site A), and the other site may behave as an inhibitor site (site I).	[]	For example, one site may behave as the activator site (site A), and the other site may behave as an inhibitor site (site I).	true	true	true	true	true	7,558
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	The sigmoidal curve shown in Fig.	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	33	43,679	0	false	The sigmoidal curve shown in Fig.	[]	The sigmoidal curve shown in Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,558
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	4B would require that site I has a greater affinity for dsRNA at low concentrations.	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	84	43,680	0	false	4B would require that site I has a greater affinity for dsRNA at low concentrations.	[]	4B would require that site I has a greater affinity for dsRNA at low concentrations.	false	false	true	true	false	7,558
4	DISCUSSION	1	30	[ "B30", "B31", "B37" ]	20,529,861	pmid-18243112\|pmid-18242112\|pmid-9118948	At higher concentrations of dsRNA, binding of site I is displaced, and there is a shift in dsRNA binding from site I to site A. ATPase activity is then restored at a 1:1 stoichiometry of short RNA duplex to DRH-3.	[ "30", "31", "37" ]	213	43,681	0	false	At higher concentrations of dsRNA, binding of site I is displaced, and there is a shift in dsRNA binding from site I to site A. ATPase activity is then restored at a 1:1 stoichiometry of short RNA duplex to DRH-3.	[]	At higher concentrations of dsRNA, binding of site I is displaced, and there is a shift in dsRNA binding from site I to site A. ATPase activity is then restored at a 1:1 stoichiometry of short RNA duplex to DRH-3.	true	true	true	true	true	7,558
5	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,529,861	null	A second model to explain the functional binding of short RNA duplexes is that DRH-3 may be active only as an obligate dimer.	null	125	43,682	0	false	null	null	A second model to explain the functional binding of short RNA duplexes is that DRH-3 may be active only as an obligate dimer.	true	true	true	true	true	7,559
5	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,529,861	null	In this model, a combination of fewer than two molecules of either ds25 RNA or DRH-3 represents an inactive complex, thus explaining the sigmoidal shape of the data.	null	165	43,683	0	false	null	null	In this model, a combination of fewer than two molecules of either ds25 RNA or DRH-3 represents an inactive complex, thus explaining the sigmoidal shape of the data.	true	true	true	true	true	7,559
5	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,529,861	null	When DRH-3 is a dimer, two RNA molecules must be present for DRH-3 ATPase to function, equaling an apparent stoichiometry of 1:1 (Fig.	null	134	43,684	0	false	null	null	When DRH-3 is a dimer, two RNA molecules must be present for DRH-3 ATPase to function, equaling an apparent stoichiometry of 1:1 (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,559
5	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,529,861	null	When DRH-3 ATPase is activated by an 80-bp RNA duplex, outlined in Fig.	null	71	43,685	0	false	null	null	When DRH-3 ATPase is activated by an 80-bp RNA duplex, outlined in Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,559
5	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,529,861	null	4C, ATPase activity plateaus at slightly less than 100 nm RNA, suggesting that DRH-3 binds functionally 1:1 to ds80.	null	116	43,686	0	false	null	null	4C, ATPase activity plateaus at slightly less than 100 nm RNA, suggesting that DRH-3 binds functionally 1:1 to ds80.	false	false	true	true	false	7,559
5	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,529,861	null	However, these data show less sigmoidal shape than the analysis of ds25-ATPase activity, suggesting that a longer duplex may occupy more than one RNA binding site on DRH-3 at a given time or at least part of the time.	null	217	43,687	0	false	null	null	However, these data show less sigmoidal shape than the analysis of ds25-ATPase activity, suggesting that a longer duplex may occupy more than one RNA binding site on DRH-3 at a given time or at least part of the time.	true	true	true	true	true	7,559
6	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B10", "B11", "B13", "B15" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-19804758\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-17825044\|pmid-19714217	If the helicase motif of DRH-3 is essential for the production of small silencing RNAs (12), then DRH-3 function involves a nucleic acid component.	[ "12", "12", "10", "11", "13", "15" ]	147	43,688	1	false	If the helicase motif of DRH-3 is essential for the production of small silencing RNAs, then DRH-3 function involves a nucleic acid component.	[ "12" ]	If the helicase motif of DRH-3 is essential for the production of small silencing RNAs, then DRH-3 function involves a nucleic acid component.	true	true	true	true	true	7,560
6	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B10", "B11", "B13", "B15" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-19804758\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-17825044\|pmid-19714217	Here we show the ATPase activity of DRH-3 requires at least one strand of the nucleic acid duplex to be RNA (Fig.	[ "12", "12", "10", "11", "13", "15" ]	113	43,689	0	false	Here we show the ATPase activity of DRH-3 requires at least one strand of the nucleic acid duplex to be RNA (Fig.	[]	Here we show the ATPase activity of DRH-3 requires at least one strand of the nucleic acid duplex to be RNA (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,560
6	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B10", "B11", "B13", "B15" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-19804758\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-17825044\|pmid-19714217	Therefore, DRH-3 likely operates at the transcriptional (RNA/DNA) or post-transcriptional (RNA/RNA) level but not at the genomic (DNA/DNA) level.	[ "12", "12", "10", "11", "13", "15" ]	145	43,690	0	false	Therefore, DRH-3 likely operates at the transcriptional (RNA/DNA) or post-transcriptional (RNA/RNA) level but not at the genomic (DNA/DNA) level.	[]	Therefore, DRH-3 likely operates at the transcriptional (RNA/DNA) or post-transcriptional (RNA/RNA) level but not at the genomic (DNA/DNA) level.	true	true	true	true	true	7,560
6	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B10", "B11", "B13", "B15" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-19804758\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-17825044\|pmid-19714217	Moreover, DRH-3 may sense the A-form helices of RNA/RNA and RNA/DNA duplexes as part of its mechanism of ATPase function.	[ "12", "12", "10", "11", "13", "15" ]	121	43,691	0	false	Moreover, DRH-3 may sense the A-form helices of RNA/RNA and RNA/DNA duplexes as part of its mechanism of ATPase function.	[]	Moreover, DRH-3 may sense the A-form helices of RNA/RNA and RNA/DNA duplexes as part of its mechanism of ATPase function.	true	true	true	true	true	7,560
6	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B10", "B11", "B13", "B15" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-19804758\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-17825044\|pmid-19714217	Along with a recent study of DRH-3 (12), the data here support the idea that DRH-3 has some translocase/ATPase function during the production of small silencing RNAs, a subset of which may direct proper chromosome maintenance during development (10, 11, 13, 15).	[ "12", "12", "10", "11", "13", "15" ]	262	43,692	1	false	Along with a recent study of DRH-3, the data here support the idea that DRH-3 has some translocase/ATPase function during the production of small silencing RNAs, a subset of which may direct proper chromosome maintenance during development.	[ "12", "10, 11, 13, 15" ]	Along with a recent study of DRH-3, the data here support the idea that DRH-3 has some translocase/ATPase function during the production of small silencing RNAs, a subset of which may direct proper chromosome maintenance during development.	true	true	true	true	true	7,560
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	In DRH-3 helicase motif mutants, a reduced number of RdRP-dependent siRNAs are produced when compared with wild-type worms.	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	123	43,693	0	false	In DRH-3 helicase motif mutants, a reduced number of RdRP-dependent siRNAs are produced when compared with wild-type worms.	[]	In DRH-3 helicase motif mutants, a reduced number of RdRP-dependent siRNAs are produced when compared with wild-type worms.	true	true	true	true	true	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	Of the few small RNAs found in the absence of intact DRH-3, all are transcribed from the 3′-most end of RdRP templates (12).	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	124	43,694	1	false	Of the few small RNAs found in the absence of intact DRH-3, all are transcribed from the 3′-most end of RdRP templates.	[ "12" ]	Of the few small RNAs found in the absence of intact DRH-3, all are transcribed from the 3′-most end of RdRP templates.	true	true	true	true	true	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	It has been hypothesized that the RdRP alone initiates small RNA production at the 3′ end and then extends small RNA production along template RNA with the aid of DRH-3 helicase activity (12).	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	192	43,695	1	false	It has been hypothesized that the RdRP alone initiates small RNA production at the 3′ end and then extends small RNA production along template RNA with the aid of DRH-3 helicase activity.	[ "12" ]	It has been hypothesized that the RdRP alone initiates small RNA production at the 3′ end and then extends small RNA production along template RNA with the aid of DRH-3 helicase activity.	true	true	true	true	true	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	One idea is that DRH-3 processively unwinds newly formed RNA duplexes, after they are produced by RdRPs, and allows efficient turnover (i.e.	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	140	43,696	0	false	One idea is that DRH-3 processively unwinds newly formed RNA duplexes, after they are produced by RdRPs, and allows efficient turnover (i.e.	[]	One idea is that DRH-3 processively unwinds newly formed RNA duplexes, after they are produced by RdRPs, and allows efficient turnover (i.e.	true	true	true	true	true	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	release) of small RNAs from the template.	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	41	43,697	0	false	release) of small RNAs from the template.	[]	release) of small RNAs from the template.	false	true	true	true	false	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	However, using a variety of unwinding substrates, we do not observe unwinding activity by DRH-3 (Fig.	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	101	43,698	0	false	However, using a variety of unwinding substrates, we do not observe unwinding activity by DRH-3 (Fig.	[]	However, using a variety of unwinding substrates, we do not observe unwinding activity by DRH-3 (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	3C, supplemental Fig.	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	21	43,699	0	false	3C, supplemental Fig.	[]	3C, supplemental Fig.	false	false	true	true	false	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	These data are consistent with previous results showing that Drosophila Dicer-2, an ortholog of DRH-3, cannot unwind siRNAs in vivo or in vitro (38, 39).	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	153	43,700	0	false	These data are consistent with previous results showing that Drosophila Dicer-2, an ortholog of DRH-3, cannot unwind siRNAs in vivo or in vitro.	[ "38, 39" ]	These data are consistent with previous results showing that Drosophila Dicer-2, an ortholog of DRH-3, cannot unwind siRNAs in vivo or in vitro.	true	true	true	true	true	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	Although the Dicer-RIG-I-DRH family is a member of the processive DEXH RNA helicase group, it does not seem likely that these helicases function as “unwindases” (26, 38, 39).	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	174	43,701	0	false	Although the Dicer-RIG-I-DRH family is a member of the processive DEXH RNA helicase group, it does not seem likely that these helicases function as “unwindases”.	[ "26, 38, 39" ]	Although the Dicer-RIG-I-DRH family is a member of the processive DEXH RNA helicase group, it does not seem likely that these helicases function as “unwindases”.	true	true	true	true	true	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	Moreover, the ATPase activity of dsRNA binding suggests that DRH-3 is inhibited by high concentrations of dsRNA (Fig.	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	117	43,702	0	false	Moreover, the ATPase activity of dsRNA binding suggests that DRH-3 is inhibited by high concentrations of dsRNA (Fig.	[]	Moreover, the ATPase activity of dsRNA binding suggests that DRH-3 is inhibited by high concentrations of dsRNA (Fig.	true	true	true	true	true	7,561
7	DISCUSSION	1	12	[ "B12", "B12", "B38", "B39", "B26", "B38", "B39", "B12", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19800275\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19119185\|pmid-15066283\|pmid-15550672\|pmid-19800275\|pmid-18007599	This autoinhibition of DRH-3 may function to perhaps limit the number of small RNAs produced by an RdRP from a single template (12, 14).	[ "12", "12", "38", "39", "26", "38", "39", "12", "14" ]	136	43,703	0	false	This autoinhibition of DRH-3 may function to perhaps limit the number of small RNAs produced by an RdRP from a single template.	[ "12, 14" ]	This autoinhibition of DRH-3 may function to perhaps limit the number of small RNAs produced by an RdRP from a single template.	true	true	true	true	true	7,561
8	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B11", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19119185\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-18007599	In single molecule experiments, the DRH-3 ortholog RIG-1 translocates along duplex RNA (26).	[ "26", "11", "14" ]	92	43,704	1	false	In single molecule experiments, the DRH-3 ortholog RIG-1 translocates along duplex RNA.	[ "26" ]	In single molecule experiments, the DRH-3 ortholog RIG-1 translocates along duplex RNA.	true	true	true	true	true	7,562
8	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B11", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19119185\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-18007599	It is plausible that DRH-3 has some ATP-dependent motor activity on double-stranded RNA and may apply this activity to some function in the RNAi pathway.	[ "26", "11", "14" ]	153	43,705	0	false	It is plausible that DRH-3 has some ATP-dependent motor activity on double-stranded RNA and may apply this activity to some function in the RNAi pathway.	[]	It is plausible that DRH-3 has some ATP-dependent motor activity on double-stranded RNA and may apply this activity to some function in the RNAi pathway.	true	true	true	true	true	7,562
8	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B11", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19119185\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-18007599	Because DRH-3 interacts with both C. elegans Dicer, DCR-1, and RdRP, RRF-1 (11, 14), it is unclear whether DRH-3 is required for primary (Dicer-dependent) or secondary (RdRP-dependent) siRNA production, and it may play a possible role in the production of either siRNA species.	[ "26", "11", "14" ]	277	43,706	0	false	Because DRH-3 interacts with both C. elegans Dicer, DCR-1, and RdRP, RRF-1, it is unclear whether DRH-3 is required for primary (Dicer-dependent) or secondary (RdRP-dependent) siRNA production, and it may play a possible role in the production of either siRNA species.	[ "11, 14" ]	Because DRH-3 interacts with both C. elegans Dicer, DCR-1, and RdRP, RRF-1, it is unclear whether DRH-3 is required for primary (Dicer-dependent) or secondary (RdRP-dependent) siRNA production, and it may play a possible role in the production of either siRNA species.	true	true	true	true	true	7,562
8	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B11", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19119185\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-18007599	Because C. elegans encode only one Dicer, required for processing both miRNAs and siRNAs, DRH proteins may function by helping Dicer or Dicer-containing complexes release themselves from RNA duplexes.	[ "26", "11", "14" ]	200	43,707	0	false	Because C. elegans encode only one Dicer, required for processing both miRNAs and siRNAs, DRH proteins may function by helping Dicer or Dicer-containing complexes release themselves from RNA duplexes.	[]	Because C. elegans encode only one Dicer, required for processing both miRNAs and siRNAs, DRH proteins may function by helping Dicer or Dicer-containing complexes release themselves from RNA duplexes.	true	true	true	true	true	7,562
8	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B11", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19119185\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-18007599	It is unclear how DRH-3 could function in the production of secondary siRNAs given its preference for duplex RNA.	[ "26", "11", "14" ]	113	43,708	0	false	It is unclear how DRH-3 could function in the production of secondary siRNAs given its preference for duplex RNA.	[]	It is unclear how DRH-3 could function in the production of secondary siRNAs given its preference for duplex RNA.	true	true	true	true	true	7,562
8	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B11", "B14" ]	20,529,861	pmid-19119185\|pmid-16439208\|pmid-18007599	A possible dsRNA ligand for DRH-3 could arise from the base-pairing of initial RdRP transcripts and its template RNA during secondary siRNA production.	[ "26", "11", "14" ]	151	43,709	0	false	A possible dsRNA ligand for DRH-3 could arise from the base-pairing of initial RdRP transcripts and its template RNA during secondary siRNA production.	[]	A possible dsRNA ligand for DRH-3 could arise from the base-pairing of initial RdRP transcripts and its template RNA during secondary siRNA production.	true	true	true	true	true	7,562
9	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,529,861	null	Of note, our study of DRH-3 is the first biochemical analysis of an RNA helicase implicated in the RNA-silencing mechanism.	null	123	43,710	0	false	null	null	Of note, our study of DRH-3 is the first biochemical analysis of an RNA helicase implicated in the RNA-silencing mechanism.	true	true	true	true	true	7,563
9	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,529,861	null	There are many types of the helicases essential for gene silencing by small RNAs.	null	81	43,711	0	false	null	null	There are many types of the helicases essential for gene silencing by small RNAs.	true	true	true	true	true	7,563
9	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	20,529,861	null	A closer look at these important proteins is needed to further our understanding of the biological role they play in regulatory RNA pathways.	null	141	43,712	0	false	null	null	A closer look at these important proteins is needed to further our understanding of the biological role they play in regulatory RNA pathways.	true	true	true	true	true	7,563
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	16,847,068	null	In this study, we sought unique mechanistic insights into immunocytotherapy in an attempt to better understand this remarkable process.	null	135	43,713	0	false	null	null	In this study, we sought unique mechanistic insights into immunocytotherapy in an attempt to better understand this remarkable process.	true	true	true	true	true	7,564
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	16,847,068	null	Our studies led to several important observations that link professional APCs to the successful therapeutic clearance of a persistent viral infection.	null	150	43,714	0	false	null	null	Our studies led to several important observations that link professional APCs to the successful therapeutic clearance of a persistent viral infection.	true	true	true	true	true	7,564
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	16,847,068	null	First, we demonstrated that LCMV-specific CTLs arrive in the CNS early after adoptive immunotherapy, and this correlates almost perfectly with the activation/recruitment of CNS APCs (i.e., DCs, macrophages, and microglia) in the brain parenchyma.	null	246	43,715	0	false	null	null	First, we demonstrated that LCMV-specific CTLs arrive in the CNS early after adoptive immunotherapy, and this correlates almost perfectly with the activation/recruitment of CNS APCs (i.e., DCs, macrophages, and microglia) in the brain parenchyma.	true	true	true	true	true	7,564
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	16,847,068	null	Second, of the three CNS APC populations, only DCs possessed the ability to restimulate memory CTLs directly ex vivo.	null	117	43,716	0	false	null	null	Second, of the three CNS APC populations, only DCs possessed the ability to restimulate memory CTLs directly ex vivo.	true	true	true	true	true	7,564
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	16,847,068	null	Third, DCs extracted from immunotherapy recipients preferentially stimulated memory CTLs to produce the antiviral cytokine TNF-α, a cytokine shown in this study to be required in donor memory cells for successful immunotherapy.	null	227	43,717	0	false	null	null	Third, DCs extracted from immunotherapy recipients preferentially stimulated memory CTLs to produce the antiviral cytokine TNF-α, a cytokine shown in this study to be required in donor memory cells for successful immunotherapy.	true	true	true	true	true	7,564
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	16,847,068	null	Finally, we demonstrated an absolute dependence of adoptively transferred memory T cells on DCs.	null	96	43,718	0	false	null	null	Finally, we demonstrated an absolute dependence of adoptively transferred memory T cells on DCs.	true	true	true	true	true	7,564

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