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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
10,426,512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-Phosphogluconic%20acid	6-Phosphogluconic acid (with conjugate base 6-phosphogluconate) is a phosphorylated sugar acid which appears in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner–Doudoroff pathway. During the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway, it is formed from 6-phosphogluconolactone by 6-phosphogluconolactonase, and in tur...	6-Phosphogluconic acid	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	215	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry" ]
10,426,763	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-Phosphogluconolactone	6-Phosphogluconolactone is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In the PPP pathway, it is produced from glucose-6-phosphate by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. It is then converted to 6-Phosphogluconic acid by 6-phosphogluconolactonase. See also Lactone References Organophosphates Pentose phos...	6-Phosphogluconolactone	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	99	[ "Carbohydrate metabolism", "Pentose phosphate pathway", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Biochemistry" ]
10,428,127	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiophosphoryl%20chloride	Thiophosphoryl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a colorless pungent smelling liquid that fumes in air. It is synthesized from phosphorus chloride and used to thiophosphorylate organic compounds, such as to produce insecticides. Synthesis Thiophosphoryl chloride can be generated by se...	Thiophosphoryl chloride	[ "Chemistry" ]	496	[ "Functional groups", "Thiophosphoryl compounds" ]
10,430,839	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCEP	TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) is a reducing agent frequently used in biochemistry and molecular biology applications. It is often prepared and used as a hydrochloride salt (TCEP-HCl) with a molecular weight of 286.65 gram/mol. It is soluble in water and available as a stabilized solution at neutral pH and immobi...	TCEP	[ "Chemistry" ]	794	[ "Carboxylic acids", "Redox", "Functional groups", "Reducing agents" ]
18,466,294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo%E2%80%93Dember%20effect	In semiconductor physics, the photo–Dember effect (named after its discoverer Harry Dember) is the formation of a charge dipole in the vicinity of a semiconductor surface after ultra-fast photo-generation of charge carriers. The dipole forms owing to the difference of mobilities (or diffusion constants) for holes and...	Photo–Dember effect	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	354	[ "Matter", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Physical quantities", "Terahertz technology", "Semiconductors", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Materials", "Electronic engineering", "Condensed matter physics", "Solid state engineering", "Electrical resistance and conductance" ]
18,467,408	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebychev%E2%80%93Gr%C3%BCbler%E2%80%93Kutzbach%20criterion	The Chebychev–Grübler–Kutzbach criterion determines the number of degrees of freedom of a kinematic chain, that is, a coupling of rigid bodies by means of mechanical constraints. These devices are also called linkages. The Kutzbach criterion is also called the mobility formula, because it computes the number of param...	Chebychev–Grübler–Kutzbach criterion	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	978	[ "Mechanical power transmission", "Mechanics", "Robotics engineering", "Robot control" ]
18,468,216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearing%20%28manufacturing%29	Shearing, also known as die cutting, is a process that cuts stock without the formation of chips or the use of burning or melting. Strictly speaking, if the cutting blades are straight the process is called shearing; if the cutting blades are curved then they are shearing-type operations. The most commonly sheared mate...	Shearing (manufacturing)	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	693	[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Cutting machines" ]
18,469,959	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20S.%20Hammond	George Simms Hammond (May 22, 1921 – October 5, 2005) was an American scientist and theoretical chemist who developed "Hammond's postulate", and fathered organic photochemistry,–the general theory of the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction. Hammond's research is also known for it...	George S. Hammond	[ "Chemistry" ]	4,241	[ "Chemical reaction engineering", "Chemical kinetics", "Physical organic chemistry" ]
3,475,308	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopillar	Nanopillars is an emerging technology within the field of nanostructures. Nanopillars are pillar shaped nanostructures approximately 10 nanometers in diameter that can be grouped together in lattice like arrays. They are a type of metamaterial, which means that nanopillars get their attributes from being grouped into a...	Nanopillar	[ "Materials_science" ]	1,461	[ "Nanotechnology", "Nanomaterials" ]
3,475,321	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motronic	Motronic is the trade name given to a range of digital engine control units developed by Robert Bosch GmbH (commonly known as Bosch) which combined control of fuel injection and ignition in a single unit. By controlling both major systems in a single unit, many aspects of the engine's characteristics (such as power, fu...	Motronic	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,662	[ "Physical quantities", "Engines", "Computer engineering", "Embedded systems", "Computer systems", "Engine technology", "Power (physics)", "Computer science", "Power control" ]
3,476,702	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg%20peak	The Bragg peak is a pronounced peak on the Bragg curve which plots the energy loss of ionizing radiation during its travel through matter. For protons, α-rays, and other ion rays, the peak occurs immediately before the particles come to rest. It is named after William Henry Bragg, who discovered it in 1903 using alpha ...	Bragg peak	[ "Physics" ]	505	[ "Ionizing radiation", "Physical phenomena", "Radiation", "Experimental physics", "Particle physics", "Experimental particle physics" ]
3,476,955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear%20%28geology%29	In geology, shear is the response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress and forms particular textures. Shear can be homogeneous or non-homogeneous, and may be pure shear or simple shear. Study of geological shear is related to the study of structural geology, rock microstructure or rock texture and fa...	Shear (geology)	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,524	[ "Deformation (mechanics)", "Materials science" ]
3,479,393	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefly%20%28website%29	Firefly.com (1995–1999) was a community website featuring collaborative filtering. History The Firefly website was created by Firefly Network, Inc.(originally known as Agents Inc.) The company was founded in March 1995 by a group of engineers from MIT Media Lab and some business people from Harvard Business School, in...	Firefly (website)	[ "Technology" ]	562	[ "Mobile content", "Social software" ]
3,480,100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamington%20Road	Lamington Road, officially Dr. Dadasaheb Bhadkamkar Marg, named after Lord Lamington, the Governor of Bombay between 1903 and 1907, is a busy thoroughfare near Grant Road station in South Mumbai. The official name of the road is rarely used. It is often called the "IT shop of Mumbai". Lamington Road is famous for its...	Lamington Road	[ "Technology" ]	243	[ "Information technology", "Information technology places" ]
3,481,221	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denitrifying%20bacteria	Denitrifying bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that encompass many different phyla. This group of bacteria, together with denitrifying fungi and archaea, is capable of performing denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle. Denitrification is performed by a variety of denitrifying bacteria that are widely dist...	Denitrifying bacteria	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,964	[ "Prokaryotes", "Nitrogen cycle", "Soil biology", "Bacteria", "Microorganisms", "Metabolism" ]
758,604	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-beam%20welding	Electron-beam welding (EBW) is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to two materials to be joined. The workpieces melt and flow together as the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact. EBW is often performed under vacuum conditions to prevent dissip...	Electron-beam welding	[ "Engineering" ]	3,472	[ "Welding", "Mechanical engineering" ]
758,727	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charged%20particle%20beam	A charged particle beam is a spatially localized group of electrically charged particles that have approximately the same position, kinetic energy (resulting in the same velocity), and direction. The kinetic energies of the particles are much larger than the energies of particles at ambient temperature. The high energy...	Charged particle beam	[ "Physics" ]	470	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Experimental physics", "Particle physics", "Experimental particle physics", "Accelerator physics" ]
759,071	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noctilucent%20cloud	Noctilucent clouds (NLCs), or night shining clouds, are tenuous cloud-like phenomena in the upper atmosphere of Earth. When viewed from space, they are called polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs), detectable as a diffuse scattering layer of water ice crystals near the summer polar mesopause. They consist of ice crystals and...	Noctilucent cloud	[ "Physics" ]	3,317	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Atmospheric optical phenomena", "Earth phenomena" ]
759,264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amount%20of%20substance	In chemistry, the amount of substance (symbol ) in a given sample of matter is defined as a ratio () between the number of elementary entities () and the Avogadro constant (). The entities are usually molecules, atoms, ions, or ion pairs of a specified kind. The particular substance sampled may be specified using a sub...	Amount of substance	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	3,241	[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Chemical reaction engineering", "Stoichiometry", "Physical quantities", "SI base quantities", "Chemical quantities", "Quantity", "Amount of substance", "nan", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
759,298	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20density	Linear density is the measure of a quantity of any characteristic value per unit of length. Linear mass density (titer in textile engineering, the amount of mass per unit length) and linear charge density (the amount of electric charge per unit length) are two common examples used in science and engineering. The term...	Linear density	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	826	[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Distance", "Quantity", "Mass", "Size", "Density", "Length", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Matter" ]
759,360	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20density	The area density (also known as areal density, surface density, superficial density, areic density, mass thickness, column density, or density thickness) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area. The SI derived unit is the "kilogram per square metre" (kg·m−2). In the paper and fabric indust...	Area density	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	977	[ "Mechanical quantities", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical quantities", "Area-specific quantities", "Quantity", "Mass", "Intensive quantities", "Classical mechanics", "Volume-specific quantities", "Atmospheric physics", "Mechanics", "Density", "Mass density", "Matter" ]
759,422	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20modeling	Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques. It may be applied as part of broader Model-driven engineering (MDE) concept. Overview Data modeling is a process used to define and analyze data requirements needed to suppor...	Data modeling	[ "Engineering" ]	3,057	[ "Data modeling", "Data engineering" ]
759,690	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip%20ring	A slip ring is an electromechanical device that allows the transmission of power and electrical signals from a stationary to a rotating structure. A slip ring can be used in any electromechanical system that requires rotation while transmitting power or signals. It can improve mechanical performance, simplify system o...	Slip ring	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,019	[ "Electrical engineering", "Engines", "Electric motors" ]
759,697	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC%20motor	A DC motor is an electrical motor that uses direct current (DC) to produce mechanical force. The most common types rely on magnetic forces produced by currents in the coils. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of curren...	DC motor	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,655	[ "Electrical engineering", "Engines", "Electric motors" ]
760,027	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost%20line	The frost line—also known as frost depth or freezing depth—is most commonly the depth to which the groundwater in soil is expected to freeze. The frost depth depends on the climatic conditions of an area, the heat transfer properties of the soil and adjacent materials, and on nearby heat sources. For example, snow cove...	Frost line	[ "Physics" ]	444	[ "Soil mechanics", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics" ]
760,392	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium%20arsenide	Cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2) is an inorganic semimetal in the II-V family. It exhibits the Nernst effect. Properties Thermal Cd3As2 dissociates between 220 and 280 °C according to the reaction 2 Cd3As2(s) → 6 Cd(g) + As4(g) An energy barrier was found for the nonstoichiometric vaporization of arsenic due to the irre...	Cadmium arsenide	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,272	[ "Inorganic compounds", "II-V compounds", "Materials", "Condensed matter physics", "Semimetals", "Matter" ]
760,565	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20chimney	A solar chimney often referred to as a thermal chimney is a way of improving the natural ventilation of buildings by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy. A simple description of a solar chimney is that of a vertical shaft utilizing solar energy to enhance the natural stack ventilation through a build...	Solar chimney	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,893	[ "Transport phenomena", "Sustainable building", "Physical phenomena", "Building engineering", "Convection", "Construction", "Architectural elements", "Civil engineering", "Thermodynamics", "Components", "Architecture" ]
760,606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomer	In carbohydrate chemistry, a pair of anomers () is a pair of near-identical stereoisomers or diastereomers that differ at only the anomeric carbon, the carbon atom that bears the aldehyde or ketone functional group in the sugar's open-chain form. However, in order for anomers to exist, the sugar must be in its cyclic f...	Anomer	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,159	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Carbohydrates", "Stereochemistry", "Spacetime", "Organic compounds", "Space", "Carbohydrate chemistry", "nan", "Chemical synthesis", "Glycobiology" ]
8,075,001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-set%20%28geometry%29	In discrete geometry, a -set of a finite point set in the Euclidean plane is a subset of elements of that can be strictly separated from the remaining points by a line. More generally, in Euclidean space of higher dimensions, a -set of a finite point set is a subset of elements that can be separated from the remain...	K-set (geometry)	[ "Mathematics" ]	953	[ "Discrete geometry", "Discrete mathematics", "Matroid theory", "Combinatorics" ]
8,075,308	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasner%20metric	The Kasner metric (developed by and named for the American mathematician Edward Kasner in 1921) is an exact solution to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. It describes an anisotropic universe without matter (i.e., it is a vacuum solution). It can be written in any spacetime dimension and has strong conn...	Kasner metric	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	583	[ "Exact solutions in general relativity", "Tensors", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Metric tensors" ]
8,082,019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy%20effective%20radius	Galaxy effective radius or half-light radius () is the radius at which half of the total light of a galaxy is emitted. This assumes the galaxy has either intrinsic spherical symmetry or is at least circularly symmetric as viewed in the plane of the sky. Alternatively, a half-light contour, or isophote, may be used for ...	Galaxy effective radius	[ "Physics", "Astronomy", "Mathematics" ]	145	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Concepts in astronomy", "Quantity", "Astronomy stubs", "Equations of astronomy", "Physical properties" ]
1,219,670	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcritical%20reactor	A subcritical reactor is a nuclear fission reactor concept that produces fission without achieving criticality. Instead of sustaining a chain reaction, a subcritical reactor uses additional neutrons from an outside source. There are two general classes of such devices. One uses neutrons provided by a nuclear fusion mac...	Subcritical reactor	[ "Physics" ]	2,868	[ "Particle physics" ]
1,220,790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spallation	Spallation is a process in which fragments of material (spall) are ejected from a body due to impact or stress. In the context of impact mechanics it describes ejection of material from a target during impact by a projectile. In planetary physics, spallation describes meteoritic impacts on a planetary surface and the e...	Spallation	[ "Physics" ]	1,663	[ "Nuclear technology", "Nuclear physics" ]
1,221,168	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroformylation	In organic chemistry, hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes () from alkenes (). This chemical reaction entails the net addition of a formyl group () and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous ...	Hydroformylation	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,264	[ "Catalysis", "Homogeneous catalysis", "Organometallic chemistry" ]
1,221,403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arming%20yeast	Arming yeast is a tool in biotechnology and biological research where a protein of interest is expressed on the surface of yeast cells. This is used in industrial settings for expression of enzymes to serve as catalysts in reactions, as well as in pharmaceutical settings for screening drug candidates. Saccharomyces cer...	Arming yeast	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	249	[ "Yeasts", "Fungi", "Genetic engineering", "Genetically modified organisms" ]
1,221,448	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prompt%20neutron	In nuclear engineering, a prompt neutron is a neutron immediately emitted (neutron emission) by a nuclear fission event, as opposed to a delayed neutron decay which can occur within the same context, emitted after beta decay of one of the fission products anytime from a few milliseconds to a few minutes later. Prompt ...	Prompt neutron	[ "Physics" ]	984	[ "Nuclear technology", "Nuclear physics" ]
1,221,457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed%20neutron	In nuclear engineering, a delayed neutron is a neutron emitted after a nuclear fission event, by one of the fission products (or actually, a fission product daughter after beta decay), any time from a few milliseconds to a few minutes after the fission event. Neutrons born within 10−14 seconds of the fission are termed...	Delayed neutron	[ "Physics" ]	1,074	[ "Nuclear technology", "Nuclear physics" ]
1,221,466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry	In analytical electrochemistry, coulometry is the measure of charge (coulombs) transfer during an electrochemical redox reaction. It can be used for precision measurements of charge, but coulometry is mainly used for analytical applications to determine the amount of matter transformed. There are two main categories ...	Coulometry	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,396	[ "Electroanalytical methods", "Electroanalytical chemistry" ]
1,221,884	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioptrics	Dioptrics is the branch of optics dealing with refraction, especially by lenses. In contrast, the branch dealing with mirrors is known as catoptrics. Telescopes that create their image with an objective that is a convex lens (refractors) are said to be "dioptric" telescopes. An early study of dioptrics was conducted ...	Dioptrics	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Astronomy" ]	181	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Optics", "Telescopes", " molecular", "Astronomical instruments", "Atomic", " and optical physics" ]
1,221,919	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturm%27s%20theorem	In mathematics, the Sturm sequence of a univariate polynomial is a sequence of polynomials associated with and its derivative by a variant of Euclid's algorithm for polynomials. Sturm's theorem expresses the number of distinct real roots of located in an interval in terms of the number of changes of signs of the val...	Sturm's theorem	[ "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	2,235	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Theorems in algebra", "Theorems in real analysis", "Computer algebra", "Computational mathematics", "Computer science", "Theorems about polynomials", "Articles containing proofs", "Algebra" ]
15,552,594	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraperitoneal%20injection	Intraperitoneal injection or IP injection is the injection of a substance into the peritoneum (body cavity). It is more often applied to non-human animals than to humans. In general, it is preferred when large amounts of blood replacement fluids are needed or when low blood pressure or other problems prevent the use of...	Intraperitoneal injection	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,212	[ "Pharmacology", "Routes of administration" ]
15,553,696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volta%20potential	The Volta potential (also called Volta potential difference, contact potential difference, outer potential difference, Δψ, or "delta psi") in electrochemistry, is the electrostatic potential difference between two metals (or one metal and one electrolyte) that are in contact and are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Specif...	Volta potential	[ "Chemistry" ]	707	[ "Electrochemistry", "Electrochemical concepts", "Electrochemical potentials" ]
15,556,352	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20separation	Gravity separation is an industrial method of separating two components, either a suspension, or dry granular mixture where separating the components with gravity is sufficiently practical: i.e. the components of the mixture have different specific weight. Every gravitational method uses gravity as the primary force fo...	Gravity separation	[ "Chemistry" ]	808	[ "nan", "Separation processes" ]
15,560,529	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20biological%20effectiveness	In radiobiology, the relative biological effectiveness (often abbreviated as RBE) is the ratio of biological effectiveness of one type of ionizing radiation relative to another, given the same amount of absorbed energy. The RBE is an empirical value that varies depending on the type of ionizing radiation, the energies ...	Relative biological effectiveness	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,979	[ "Radiation effects", "Radiation health effects", "Radioactivity" ]
18,473,510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene-responsive%20element%20binding%20protein	Ethylene-responsive element binding protein (EREBP) is a homeobox gene from Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants which encodes a transcription factor. EREBP is responsible in part for mediating the response in plants to the plant hormone ethylene. References External links Transcription factors	Ethylene-responsive element binding protein	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	65	[ "Protein stubs", "Gene expression", "Signal transduction", "Biochemistry stubs", "Induced stem cells", "Transcription factors" ]
18,475,546	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivariate%20adaptive%20regression%20spline	In statistics, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) is a form of regression analysis introduced by Jerome H. Friedman in 1991. It is a non-parametric regression technique and can be seen as an extension of linear models that automatically models nonlinearities and interactions between variables. The term "M...	Multivariate adaptive regression spline	[ "Engineering" ]	3,287	[ "Artificial intelligence engineering", "Machine learning" ]
18,476,911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thenoyltrifluoroacetone	Thenoyltrifluoroacetone, C8H5F3O2S, is a chemical compound used pharmacologically as a chelating agent. It is an inhibitor of cellular respiration by blocking the respiratory chain at complex II. Perhaps the first report of TTFA as an inhibitor of respiration was by A. L. Tappel in 1960. Tappel had the (erroneous) ide...	Thenoyltrifluoroacetone	[ "Chemistry" ]	258	[ "Chelating agents", "Process chemicals" ]
6,133,004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialogogue	A sialogogue (also spelled sialagogue, ptysmagogue or ptyalagogue) is a substance, especially a medication, that increases the flow rate of saliva. The definition focuses on substances that promote production or secretion of saliva (proximal causation) rather than any food that is mouthwatering (distal causation that t...	Sialogogue	[ "Chemistry" ]	647	[ "Pharmacology", "Chemicals in medicine", "Drugs", "Products of chemical industry" ]
6,133,005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator%20matrix	In coding theory, a generator matrix is a matrix whose rows form a basis for a linear code. The codewords are all of the linear combinations of the rows of this matrix, that is, the linear code is the row space of its generator matrix. Terminology If G is a matrix, it generates the codewords of a linear code C by ...	Generator matrix	[ "Mathematics" ]	507	[ "Discrete mathematics", "Coding theory" ]
6,135,790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevian	In geometry, a cevian is a line segment which joins a vertex of a triangle to a point on the opposite side of the triangle. Medians and angle bisectors are special cases of cevians. The name "cevian" comes from the Italian mathematician Giovanni Ceva, who proved a well-known theorem about cevians which also bears his n...	Cevian	[ "Mathematics" ]	608	[ "Line (geometry)", "Straight lines defined for a triangle" ]
22,155,040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton%E2%80%93Getting%20effect	The Compton–Getting effect is an apparent anisotropy in the intensity of radiation or particles due to the relative motion between the observer and the source. This effect was first identified in the intensity of cosmic rays by Arthur Compton and Ivan A. Getting in 1935. Gleeson and Axford provide a full derivation of ...	Compton–Getting effect	[ "Physics" ]	290	[ "Astrophysics", "Physical phenomena", "Radiation", "Cosmic rays" ]
22,159,309	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid-band%20model	The Rigid-Band Model (or RBM) is one of the models used to describe the behavior of metal alloys. In some cases the model is even used for non-metal alloys such as Si alloys. According to the RBM the shape of the constant energy surfaces (hence the Fermi surface as well) and curve of density of states of the alloy are ...	Rigid-band model	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,281	[ "Electron", "Electronic band structures", "Condensed matter physics" ]
10,432,703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse%20Genome%20Informatics	Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) is a free, online database and bioinformatics resource hosted by The Jackson Laboratory, with funding by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICH...	Mouse Genome Informatics	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	600	[ "Model organism databases", "Gene expression", "Model organisms", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
10,433,833	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20mathematics	Computational mathematics is the study of the interaction between mathematics and calculations done by a computer. A large part of computational mathematics consists roughly of using mathematics for allowing and improving computer computation in areas of science and engineering where mathematics are useful. This invo...	Computational mathematics	[ "Mathematics" ]	421	[ "Computational science", "Applied mathematics", "Computational mathematics" ]
10,438,744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20targeting	Gene targeting is a biotechnological tool used to change the DNA sequence of an organism (hence it is a form of Genome Editing). It is based on the natural DNA-repair mechanism of Homology Directed Repair (HDR), including Homologous Recombination. Gene targeting can be used to make a range of sizes of DNA edits, from l...	Gene targeting	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	3,217	[ "Genetics techniques", "Biological engineering", "Genetically modified organisms", "Genetic engineering", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
10,440,599	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyline%20matrix	In scientific computing, skyline matrix storage, or SKS, or a variable band matrix storage, or envelope storage scheme is a form of a sparse matrix storage format matrix that reduces the storage requirement of a matrix more than banded storage. In banded storage, all entries within a fixed distance from the diagonal (c...	Skyline matrix	[ "Mathematics" ]	401	[ "Matrices (mathematics)", "Sparse matrices", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics" ]
10,442,256	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marks%27%20Standard%20Handbook%20for%20Mechanical%20Engineers	Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers is a comprehensive handbook for the field of mechanical engineering. Originally based on the even older German , it was first published in 1916 by Lionel Simeon Marks. In 2017, its 12th edition, published by McGraw-Hill, marked the 100th anniversary of the work. The han...	Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	413	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
10,443,283	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homing%20endonuclease	The homing endonucleases are a collection of endonucleases encoded either as freestanding genes within introns, as fusions with host proteins, or as self-splicing inteins. They catalyze the hydrolysis of genomic DNA within the cells that synthesize them, but do so at very few, or even singular, locations. Repair of the...	Homing endonuclease	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,071	[ "Genetics techniques", "Protein classification", "Biotechnology", "Protein domains", "nan", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Restriction enzymes" ]
10,443,327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medea%20gene	Medea is a gene from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that was one of the first two Smad genes discovered. For both genes, the maternal effect lethality was the basis for the selection of their names. Medea was named for the mythological Greek Medea, who killed her progeny fathered by Jason. Both Medea and Mother...	Medea gene	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	271	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs", "Gene expression", "Signal transduction", "Biochemistry stubs", "Induced stem cells", "Molecular biology", "Proteins", "Transcription factors" ]
12,734,062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulated%20rewriting	Regulated rewriting is a specific area of formal languages studying grammatical systems which are able to take some kind of control over the production applied in a derivation step. For this reason, the grammatical systems studied in Regulated Rewriting theory are also called "Grammars with Controlled Derivations". A...	Regulated rewriting	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	725	[ "Software engineering", "Formal languages", "Mathematical logic", "Formal methods" ]
12,735,789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-ohm%20link	A zero-ohm link or zero-ohm resistor is a wire link packaged in the same physical package format as a resistor. It is used to connect traces on a printed circuit board (PCB). This format allows it to be placed on the circuit board using the same automated equipment used to place other resistors, instead of requiring a ...	Zero-ohm link	[ "Physics" ]	472	[ "Resistive components", "Physical quantities", "Electrical resistance and conductance" ]
12,740,323	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-propelled%20modular%20transporter	A self-propelled modular transporter or sometimes self-propelled modular trailer (SPMT) is a platform heavy hauler with a large array of wheels which is an upgraded version of a hydraulic modular trailer. SPMTs are used for transporting massive objects, such as large bridge sections, oil refining equipment, cranes, mot...	Self-propelled modular transporter	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,348	[ "Physical systems", "Engineering vehicles", "Machines", "Mechanical engineering" ]
12,741,040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-locked%20loop	A frequency-lock, or frequency-locked loop (FLL), is an electronic control system that generates a signal that is locked to the frequency of an input or "reference" signal. This circuit compares the frequency of a controlled oscillator to the reference, automatically raising or lowering the frequency of the oscillator ...	Frequency-locked loop	[ "Engineering" ]	266	[ "Electronic design", "Electronic engineering", "Design" ]
12,742,172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strassmann%27s%20theorem	In mathematics, Strassmann's theorem is a result in field theory. It states that, for suitable fields, suitable formal power series with coefficients in the valuation ring of the field have only finitely many zeroes. History It was introduced by . Statement of the theorem Let K be a field with a non-Archimedean absol...	Strassmann's theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	222	[ "Theorems in algebra", "Theorems in abstract algebra" ]
12,742,710	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clofibride	Clofibride is a fibrate. Clofibride is a derivative of clofibrate. In the body it is converted into 4-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (clofibric acid), which is the true hypolipidemic agent. So clofibride, just like clofibrate is a prodrug of clofibric acid. References 2-Methyl-2-phenoxypropanoic acid derivatives Prodru...	Clofibride	[ "Chemistry" ]	116	[ "Chemicals in medicine", "Prodrugs" ]
12,743,856	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20engineering	Polymer engineering is generally an engineering field that designs, analyses, and modifies polymer materials. Polymer engineering covers aspects of the petrochemical industry, polymerization, structure and characterization of polymers, properties of polymers, compounding and processing of polymers and description of ma...	Polymer engineering	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,152	[ "Polymers", "nan", "Polymer chemistry" ]
20,685,630	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peierls%20transition	A Peierls transition or Peierls distortion is a distortion of the periodic lattice of a one-dimensional crystal. Atomic positions oscillate, so that the perfect order of the 1-D crystal is broken. Peierls’ theorem Peierls' theorem states that a one-dimensional equally spaced chain with one electron per ion is unsta...	Peierls transition	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,380	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Matter", "Physical quantities", "Superconductivity", "Critical phenomena", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Condensed matter physics", "Statistical mechanics", "Electrical resistance and conductance" ]
19,486,387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%27s%20totient%20function	In number theory, Jordan's totient function, denoted as , where is a positive integer, is a function of a positive integer, , that equals the number of -tuples of positive integers that are less than or equal to and that together with form a coprime set of integers. Jordan's totient function is a generalization of...	Jordan's totient function	[ "Mathematics" ]	528	[ "Multiplicative functions", "Arithmetic", "Modular arithmetic", "Number theory" ]
1,827,146	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End%20group	End groups are an important aspect of polymer synthesis and characterization. In polymer chemistry, they are functional groups that are at the very ends of a macromolecule or oligomer (IUPAC). In polymer synthesis, like condensation polymerization and free-radical types of polymerization, end-groups are commonly used a...	End group	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,301	[ "Materials science", "Polymer chemistry" ]
1,827,303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striking%20clock	A striking clock is a clock that sounds the hours audibly on a bell, gong, or other audible device. In 12-hour striking, used most commonly in striking clocks today, the clock strikes once at 1:00 am, twice at 2:00 am, continuing in this way up to twelve times at 12:00 mid-day, then starts again, striking once at 1:00...	Striking clock	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,992	[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Clocks", "Measuring instruments" ]
1,827,851	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20debris	Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human-created solid material that has deliberately or accidentally been released in seas or the ocean. Floating oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and on coastlines, frequently washing aground, when it is known as beach litter or tidewrack. Deliberat...	Marine debris	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	5,025	[ "Ocean pollution", "Water pollution", "Materials", "Ecosystems", "Aquatic ecology", "Waste", "Matter" ]
1,827,917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callippic%20cycle	The Callippic cycle (or Calippic) is a particular approximate common multiple of the tropical year and the synodic month, proposed by Callippus in 330 BC. It is a period of 76 years, as an improvement of the 19-year Metonic cycle. Description A century before Callippus, Meton had described a cycle in which 19 years eq...	Callippic cycle	[ "Physics" ]	676	[ "Spacetime", "Calendars", "Physical quantities", "Time" ]
1,827,918	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparchic%20cycle	The Greek astronomer Hipparchus introduced three cycles that have been named after him in later literature. Calendar cycle Hipparchus proposed a correction to the 76-year-long Callippic cycle, which itself was proposed as a correction to the 19-year-long Metonic cycle. He may have published it in the book "On the Len...	Hipparchic cycle	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	1,766	[ "Time in astronomy", "Calendars", "Physical quantities", "Time", "Spacetime" ]
1,828,131	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davisson%E2%80%93Germer%20experiment	The Davisson–Germer experiment was a 1923–1927 experiment by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer at Western Electric (later Bell Labs), in which electrons, scattered by the surface of a crystal of nickel metal, displayed a diffraction pattern. This confirmed the hypothesis, advanced by Louis de Broglie in 1924, of wave-...	Davisson–Germer experiment	[ "Physics" ]	2,043	[ "Physics experiments", "Foundational quantum physics", "Experimental physics", "Quantum mechanics" ]
1,828,474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclass%20%28set%20theory%29	In set theory and its applications throughout mathematics, a subclass is a class contained in some other class in the same way that a subset is a set contained in some other set. One may also call this "inclusion of classes". That is, given classes A and B, A is a subclass of B if and only if every member of A is also...	Subclass (set theory)	[ "Mathematics" ]	238	[ "Mathematical logic", "Set theory" ]
1,828,681	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colatitude	In a spherical coordinate system, a colatitude is the complementary angle of a given latitude, i.e. the difference between a right angle and the latitude. In geography, Southern latitudes are defined to be negative, and as a result the colatitude is a non-negative quantity, ranging from zero at the North pole to 180° a...	Colatitude	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	513	[ "Topology", "Space", "Geometry", "Spacetime", "Orientation (geometry)" ]
1,828,922	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prismatic%20surface	In solid geometry, a prismatic surface is a polyhedral surface generated by all the lines that are parallel to a given line and that intersect a polygonal chain in a plane that is not parallel to the given line. The polygonal chain is the directrix of the surface; the parallel lines are its generators (or elements). If...	Prismatic surface	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	114	[ "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Geometry", "Geometry stubs" ]
1,829,571	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFC%20Cambridge%20process	The FFC Cambridge process is an electrochemical method for producing Titanium (Ti) from titanium oxide by electrolysis in molten calcium salts. History A process for electrochemical production of titanium through the reduction of titanium oxide in a calcium chloride solution was first described in a 1904 German patent...	FFC Cambridge process	[ "Chemistry" ]	700	[ "Metallurgical processes", "Titanium processes", "Chemical processes", "Electrochemistry", "nan", "Chemical process engineering" ]
1,829,616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silazane	A silazane is a family of compounds with Si-N bonds. Usually the Si and N have organic substituents. They are analogous to siloxanes, with -NR- (R = alkyl, aryl) replacing -O-. Examples One illustrative family of silazanes are derived from tert-butylamine, including (CH3)3SiN(H)tBu and (CH3)2Si(N(H)tBu)2. More struc...	Silazane	[ "Chemistry" ]	188	[ "Organic compounds", "Organic compound stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
1,830,354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat-affected%20zone	In fusion welding, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is the area of base material, either a metal or a thermoplastic, which is not melted but has had its microstructure and properties altered by welding or heat intensive cutting operations. The heat from the welding process and subsequent re-cooling causes this change from ...	Heat-affected zone	[ "Engineering" ]	382	[ "Welding", "Mechanical engineering" ]
1,830,570	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%28II%2CIV%29%20oxide	Lead(II,IV) oxide, also called red lead or minium, is the inorganic compound with the formula . A bright red or orange solid, it is used as pigment, in the manufacture of batteries, and rustproof primer paints. It is an example of a mixed valence compound, being composed of both Pb(II) and Pb(IV) in the ratio of two to...	Lead(II,IV) oxide	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,189	[ "Mixed valence compounds", "Inorganic compounds", "Oxides", "Salts", "Inorganic pigments", "Corrosion inhibitors", "Process chemicals" ]
1,830,803	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola%2068881	The Motorola 68881 and Motorola 68882 are floating-point units (FPUs) used in some computer systems in conjunction with Motorola's 32-bit 68020 or 68030 microprocessors. These coprocessors are external chips, designed before floating point math became standard on CPUs. The Motorola 68881 was introduced in 1984. The 688...	Motorola 68881	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	889	[ "Computer engineering", "Integrated circuits" ]
17,278,619	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%20monochloride	Aluminium monochloride, or chloridoaluminium is the metal halide with the formula AlCl. Aluminium monochloride as a molecule is thermodynamically stable at high temperature and low pressure only. This compound is produced as a step in the Alcan process to smelt aluminium from an aluminium-rich alloy. When the alloy is...	Aluminium monochloride	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	192	[ "Chlorides", "Inorganic compounds", "Molecules", "Salts", "Inorganic compound stubs", "Metal halides", "Diatomic molecules", "Matter" ]
17,279,558	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20nanotubes%20in%20photovoltaics	Organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) are fabricated from thin films of organic semiconductors, such as polymers and small-molecule compounds, and are typically on the order of 100 nm thick. Because polymer based OPVs can be made using a coating process such as spin coating or inkjet printing, they are an attractive opti...	Carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics	[ "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	4,529	[ "Thin-film cells", "Nanoelectronics", "Nanotechnology", "Planes (geometry)", "Thin films" ]
17,287,701	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIEN2k	The WIEN2k package is a computer program written in Fortran that performs quantum mechanical calculations on periodic solids. It uses the full-potential (linearized) augmented plane-wave and local-orbitals [FP-(L)APW+lo] basis set to solve the Kohn–Sham equations of density functional theory. WIEN2k was originally dev...	WIEN2k	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	554	[ "Computational chemistry software", "Chemistry software", "Computational physics", "Computational chemistry", "Density functional theory software", "Physics software" ]
4,692,179	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-energy%20electron%20diffraction	Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) is a technique for the determination of the surface structure of single-crystalline materials by bombardment with a collimated beam of low-energy electrons (30–200 eV) and observation of diffracted electrons as spots on a fluorescent screen. LEED may be used in one of two ways: ...	Low-energy electron diffraction	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	4,628	[ "Electron", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electron beam", "Materials science", "Laboratory techniques in condensed matter physics", "Diffraction", "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Spectroscopy" ]
8,085,896	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organocatalysis	In organic chemistry, organocatalysis is a form of catalysis in which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by an organic catalyst. This "organocatalyst" consists of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and other nonmetal elements found in organic compounds. Because of their similarity in composition and description, they a...	Organocatalysis	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,445	[ "Catalysis", "Chemical kinetics", "nan" ]
8,088,302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual%20chemical%20shift%20anisotropy	Residual chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA) is the difference between the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) of aligned and non-aligned molecules. It is normally three orders of magnitude smaller than the static CSA, with values on the order of parts-per-billion (ppb). RCSA is useful for structural determination and it is a...	Residual chemical shift anisotropy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Astronomy" ]	103	[ "Spectroscopy stubs", "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Asymmetry", "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy", "Nuclear chemistry", "Astronomy stubs", "Nuclear chemistry stubs", "Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs", "Nuclear physics", "nan", "Molecular physics stubs"...
8,088,814	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropic%20line	In the geometry of quadratic forms, an isotropic line or null line is a line for which the quadratic form applied to the displacement vector between any pair of its points is zero. An isotropic line occurs only with an isotropic quadratic form, and never with a definite quadratic form. Using complex geometry, Edmond L...	Isotropic line	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	566	[ "Quadratic forms", "Number theory", "Theory of relativity" ]
8,088,939	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20point	In geometry, a real point is a point in the complex projective plane with homogeneous coordinates for which there exists a nonzero complex number such that , , and are all real numbers. This definition can be widened to a complex projective space of arbitrary finite dimension as follows: are the homogeneous coordi...	Real point	[ "Mathematics" ]	361	[ "Point (geometry)", "Geometry", "Geometry stubs" ]
8,089,191	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quellung%20reaction	The quellung reaction, also called the Neufeld reaction, is a biochemical reaction in which antibodies bind to the bacterial capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Bacillus anthracis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. The antibody reaction allows thes...	Quellung reaction	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	745	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Biochemistry" ]
8,089,957	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20%C5%A0koda%20Auto%20engines	This is a list of Škoda Auto engines. OHV (1964–2003) Škoda OHV is family of aluminium-block OHV engines developed by Škoda in 1964 for 1000MB and with various modifications manufactured for range of models until 2003. All versions were four-cylinders with aluminium block, three-bearing crankshaft and wet liners, whi...	List of Škoda Auto engines	[ "Technology" ]	884	[ "Engines", "Engines by maker" ]
8,090,966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion%20corrosion%20of%20copper%20water%20tubes	Erosion corrosion, also known as impingement damage, is the combined effect of corrosion and erosion caused by rapid flowing turbulent water. It is probably the second most common cause of copper tube failures behind Type 1 pitting which is also known as Cold Water Pitting of Copper Tube. Copper Water Tubes Copper tub...	Erosion corrosion of copper water tubes	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Environmental_science" ]	1,211	[ "Hydrology", "Metallurgy", "Corrosion", "Electrochemistry", "Water", "Materials degradation" ]
8,091,561	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20cellular%20cognition	Molecular cellular cognition (MCC) is a branch of neuroscience that involves the study of cognitive processes with approaches that integrate molecular, cellular and behavioral mechanisms. Key goals of MCC studies include the derivation of molecular and cellular explanations of cognitive processes, as well as finding m...	Molecular cellular cognition	[ "Chemistry" ]	430	[ "Molecular neuroscience", "Molecular biology" ]
8,092,026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitation%20temperature	In statistical mechanics, the excitation temperature () is defined for a population of particles via the Boltzmann factor. It satisfies where is the number of particles in an upper (e.g. excited) state; is the statistical weight of those upper-state particles; is the number of particles in a lower (e.g. ground) s...	Excitation temperature	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	208	[ "Thermodynamics stubs", "Scalar physical quantities", "Temperature", "Thermodynamic properties", "Physical quantities", "SI base quantities", "Intensive quantities", "Thermodynamics", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
8,092,698	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20distance%20matrix	In mathematics, a Euclidean distance matrix is an matrix representing the spacing of a set of points in Euclidean space. For points in -dimensional space , the elements of their Euclidean distance matrix are given by squares of distances between them. That is where denotes the Euclidean norm on . In the context ...	Euclidean distance matrix	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,519	[ "Physical quantities", "Distance", "Quantity", "Mathematical objects", "Size", "Matrices (mathematics)", "Space", "Spacetime", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
8,093,356	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton%20edge	In gamma-ray spectrometry, the Compton edge is a feature of the measured gamma-ray energy spectrum that results from Compton scattering in the detector material. It corresponds to the highest energy that can be transferred to a weakly bound electron of a detector's atom by an incident photon in a single scattering proc...	Compton edge	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	495	[ "Instrumental analysis", "Molecular physics", "Spectroscopy", "Spectrum (physical sciences)" ]
247,261	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%E2%80%93Roch%20theorem	The Riemann–Roch theorem is an important theorem in mathematics, specifically in complex analysis and algebraic geometry, for the computation of the dimension of the space of meromorphic functions with prescribed zeros and allowed poles. It relates the complex analysis of a connected compact Riemann surface with the su...	Riemann–Roch theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	4,106	[ "Theorems in algebraic geometry", "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Theorems in complex analysis", "Theorems in geometry" ]
247,370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicating%20sequential%20processes	In computer science, communicating sequential processes (CSP) is a formal language for describing patterns of interaction in concurrent systems. It is a member of the family of mathematical theories of concurrency known as process algebras, or process calculi, based on message passing via channels. CSP was highly influ...	Communicating sequential processes	[ "Technology" ]	4,604	[ "Computing platforms", "Concurrent computing", "IT infrastructure" ]
248,042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weissenberg%20number	The Weissenberg number (Wi) is a dimensionless number used in the study of viscoelastic flows. It is named after Karl Weissenberg. The dimensionless number compares the elastic forces to the viscous forces. It can be variously defined, but it is usually given by the relation of stress relaxation time of the fluid and a...	Weissenberg number	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	294	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Rheology", "Fluid dynamics" ]

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