id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,825,388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orifice%20plate | An orifice plate is a device used for measuring flow rate, for reducing pressure or for restricting flow (in the latter two cases it is often called a ).
Description
An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orif... | Orifice plate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,892 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Control devices",
"Control engineering",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
18,446,530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplasma | A microplasma is a plasma of small dimensions, ranging from tens to thousands of micrometers. Microplasmas can be generated at a variety of temperatures and pressures, existing as either thermal or non-thermal plasmas. Non-thermal microplasmas that can maintain their state at standard temperatures and pressures are rea... | Microplasma | [
"Physics"
] | 5,832 | [
"Plasma types",
"Plasma physics"
] |
18,450,034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicritical%20point | Multicritical points are special points in the parameter space of thermodynamic or
other systems with a continuous phase transition. At least two thermodynamic or other
parameters must be adjusted to reach a multicritical point. At a multicritical point the system belongs to a universality class different from the "n... | Multicritical point | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 831 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Critical phenomena",
"Renormalization group",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
20,643,804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrell%E2%80%93Jones%20conjecture | In mathematics, the Farrell–Jones conjecture, named after F. Thomas Farrell and Lowell E. Jones, states that certain assembly maps are isomorphisms. These maps are given as certain homomorphisms.
The motivation is the interest in the target of the assembly maps; this may be, for instance, the algebraic K-theory of a g... | Farrell–Jones conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,283 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Conjectures"
] |
20,644,107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Award%20of%20Merit%20in%20Structural%20Engineering | The International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering is presented to people for outstanding contributions in the field of structural engineering, with special reference to usefulness for society by the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering
Fields of endeavour may include: planning, desi... | International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 344 | [
"Science and technology awards",
"Structural engineering",
"International science and technology awards",
"Structural engineering awards"
] |
20,644,699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low%20plasticity%20burnishing | Low plasticity burnishing (LPB) cold compresses metal to provide deep, stable surface residual stresses to improve damage tolerance and extend metal fatigue life; mitigating surface damage, including fretting, corrosion pitting, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and foreign object damage (FOD). Improved fretting fatigue... | Low plasticity burnishing | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,781 | [
"Materials degradation",
"Electrochemistry",
"Metallurgy",
"Corrosion"
] |
20,645,003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allylmagnesium%20bromide | Allylmagnesium bromide is a Grignard reagent used for introducing the allyl group. It is commonly available as a solution in diethyl ether. It may be synthesized by treatment of magnesium with allyl bromide while maintaining the reaction temperature below 0 °C to suppress formation of hexadiene. Allyl chloride can also... | Allylmagnesium bromide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 117 | [
"Bromides",
"Reagents for organic chemistry",
"Organomagnesium compounds",
"Salts"
] |
20,646,034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum%20%28measurement%29 | Continuum (: continua or continuums) theories or models explain variation as involving gradual quantitative transitions without abrupt changes or discontinuities. In contrast, categorical theories or models explain variation using qualitatively different states.
In physics
In physics, for example, the space-time con... | Continuum (measurement) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 648 | [
"nan"
] |
20,646,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum | In physics, a quantum (: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction. Quantum is a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents. The fundamental notion that a property can be "quantized" is referred to as "t... | Quantum | [
"Physics"
] | 948 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
20,646,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange%20matter | Strange matter (or strange quark matter) is quark matter containing strange quarks. In extreme environments, strange matter is hypothesized to occur in the core of neutron stars, or, more speculatively, as isolated droplets that may vary in size from femtometers (strangelets) to kilometers, as in the hypothetical stran... | Strange matter | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,166 | [
"Quark matter",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Astrophysics",
"Exotic matter",
"Nuclear physics",
"Matter"
] |
20,646,679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning%20rod | A lightning rod or lightning conductor (British English) is a metal rod mounted on a structure and intended to protect the structure from a lightning strike. If lightning hits the structure, it is most likely to strike the rod and be conducted to ground through a wire, rather than passing through the structure, where ... | Lightning rod | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 6,321 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Electric arcs",
"Physical phenomena",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Electrodes",
"Structural system",
"Electrochemistry",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Lightning",
"Roofs"
] |
20,646,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage | Sewage (or domestic sewage, domestic wastewater, municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people. It is typically transported through a sewer system. Sewage consists of wastewater discharged from residences and from commercial, institutional and public facilities that exist in th... | Sewage | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 4,925 | [
"Water pollution",
"Sewerage",
"Anaerobic digestion",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology"
] |
20,646,772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration | Vibration () is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point. Vibration may be deterministic if the oscillations can be characterised precisely (e.g. the periodic motion of a pendulum), or random if the oscillations can only be analysed statistically (e.g. the movement of a tire on a gr... | Vibration | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 6,539 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical vibrations"
] |
20,647,050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature | Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making up a substance.
Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historical... | Temperature | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 11,159 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Temperature",
"Physical quantities",
"SI base quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
"Thermodynamics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
20,647,505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strangelet | A strangelet (pronounced ) is a hypothetical particle consisting of a bound state of roughly equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks. An equivalent description is that a strangelet is a small fragment of strange matter, small enough to be considered a particle. The size of an object composed of strange matter cou... | Strangelet | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,562 | [
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Hypotheses in physics",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Quark matter",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"History of astronomy",
"Theoretical physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Astrophysics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Exotic matter",
"Astrono... |
20,650,838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superglass | A superglass is a phase of matter which is characterized by superfluidity and a frozen amorphous structure at the same time.
J.C. Séamus Davis theorised that frozen helium-4 (at 0.2 K and 50 atm) may be a superglass.
Notes
References
Superglass could be new state of matter (subscription required)
A new quantum glas... | Superglass | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 107 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Superfluidity",
"Glass physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Matter",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
3,470,540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zener%20pinning | Zener pinning is the influence of a dispersion of fine particles on the movement of low- and high-angle grain boundaries through a polycrystalline material. Small particles act to prevent the motion of such boundaries by exerting a pinning pressure which counteracts the driving force pushing the boundaries. Zener pinni... | Zener pinning | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 789 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
3,471,089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization%20%28metallurgy%29 | In materials science, recrystallization is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of defect-free grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed. Recrystallization is usually accompanied by a reduction in the strength and hardness of a material and a simultaneou... | Recrystallization (metallurgy) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,066 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Metallurgy",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
3,474,896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium%20transporter | Magnesium transporters are proteins that transport magnesium across the cell membrane. All forms of life require magnesium, yet the molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ uptake from the environment and the distribution of this vital element within the organism are only slowly being elucidated.
The ATPase function of MgtA is hi... | Magnesium transporter | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 11,531 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Properties of chemical elements",
"Physiology",
"Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements",
"Membrane biology",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
3,474,975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMPAC | AMPAC is a general-purpose semiempirical quantum chemistry program. It is marketed by Semichem, Inc. and was developed originally by Michael Dewar and his group.
The first version of AMPAC (2.1) was made available in 1985 through the Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange (QCPE). Subsequent versions were released through... | AMPAC | [
"Chemistry"
] | 201 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
6,119,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20Engineering%20and%20Technical%20Assistance | Systems Engineering and Technical Advisory (SETA) contractors are government contractors who are contracted to assist the United States Department of Defense (DoD) components, and acquisition programs. (In some areas of DoD, the acronym SETA refers to "Systems Engineering and Technical Assessment" contractors; also ref... | Systems Engineering and Technical Assistance | [
"Engineering"
] | 736 | [
"Systems engineering"
] |
6,119,178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Machinists%27%20Handbook | American Machinists' Handbook was a McGraw-Hill reference book similar to Industrial Press's Machinery's Handbook. (The latter title, still in print and regularly revised, is the one that machinists today are usually referring to when they speak imprecisely of "the machinist's handbook" or "the machinists' handbook".)
... | American Machinists' Handbook | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 423 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Metallurgical industry of the United States",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Metallurgical industry by country"
] |
19,453,961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20object | A mathematical object is an abstract concept arising in mathematics. Typically, a mathematical object can be a value that can be assigned to a symbol, and therefore can be involved in formulas. Commonly encountered mathematical objects include numbers, expressions, shapes, functions, and sets. Mathematical objects can ... | Mathematical object | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,542 | [
"Mathematical Platonism",
"Mathematical structures",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"nan"
] |
19,454,208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20topography | The term dynamic topography is used in geodynamics to refer the elevation differences caused by the flow within Earth's mantle.
Definition
In geodynamics, dynamic topography refers to topography generated by the motion of zones of differing degrees of buoyancy (convection) in Earth's mantle. It is also seen as the res... | Dynamic topography | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 673 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
19,454,733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant-resistance%20network | A constant-resistance network in electrical engineering is a network whose input resistance does not change with frequency when correctly terminated. Examples of constant resistance networks include:
Zobel network
Lattice phase equaliser
Boucherot cell
Bridged T delay equaliser
Electrical engineering
Physics-rela... | Constant-resistance network | [
"Engineering"
] | 56 | [
"Electrical engineering"
] |
19,455,228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor%20capacitor | A motor capacitor is an electrical capacitor that alters the current to one or more windings of a single-phase alternating-current induction motor to create a rotating magnetic field.
There are two common types of motor capacitors, start capacitor and run capacitor (including a dual run capacitor).
Motor capacitors a... | Motor capacitor | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,626 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Engines",
"Electric motors",
"Capacitors",
"Capacitance",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
19,456,533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum-distance%20estimation | Minimum-distance estimation (MDE) is a conceptual method for fitting a statistical model to data, usually the empirical distribution. Often-used estimators such as ordinary least squares can be thought of as special cases of minimum-distance estimation.
While consistent and asymptotically normal, minimum-distance esti... | Minimum-distance estimation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 559 | [
"Mathematical modeling",
"Physical quantities",
"Statistical distance",
"Distance",
"Applied mathematics"
] |
19,461,794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porosity | Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the... | Porosity | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,128 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Porous media",
"Quantity",
"Soil physics",
"Soil mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Aquifers",
"Physical properties",
"Hydrogeology"
] |
19,463,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20emission%20spectroscopy | Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample. The wavelength of the atomic spectral line in the emission spectrum gives the identity of the e... | Atomic emission spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,245 | [
"Emission spectroscopy",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"nan"
] |
19,464,175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20fission | Cold fission or cold nuclear fission is defined as involving fission events for which fission fragments have such low excitation energy that no neutrons or gammas are emitted.
Cold fission events have so low a probability of occurrence that it is necessary to use a high-flux nuclear reactor to study them.
According t... | Cold fission | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 358 | [
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Nuclear fission",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
19,465,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%20limit%20theorem | In probability theory, the law of rare events or Poisson limit theorem states that the Poisson distribution may be used as an approximation to the binomial distribution, under certain conditions. The theorem was named after Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840). A generalization of this theorem is Le Cam's theorem.
Theorem... | Poisson limit theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 219 | [
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
19,467,352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter%20scale | The Richter scale (), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude sca... | Richter scale | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,599 | [
"Quantity",
"Logarithmic scales of measurement",
"Physical quantities"
] |
1,215,732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant%20intensity | In radiometry, radiant intensity is the radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit solid angle, and spectral intensity is the radiant intensity per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. These are directional quantiti... | Radiant intensity | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 503 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Physical properties",
"Radiometry"
] |
1,216,060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitride | In chemistry, a nitride is a chemical compound of nitrogen. Nitrides can be inorganic or organic, ionic or covalent. The nitride anion, N3- ion, is very elusive but compounds of nitride are numerous, although rarely naturally occurring. Some nitrides have a found applications, such as wear-resistant coatings (e.g., tit... | Nitride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,411 | [
"Ions",
"Matter",
"Anions"
] |
1,216,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic%20addition | In organic chemistry, an electrophilic addition (AE) reaction is an addition reaction where a chemical compound containing a double or triple bond has a π bond broken, with the formation of two new σ bonds.
The driving force for this reaction is the formation of an electrophile X+ that forms a covalent bond with an el... | Electrophilic addition | [
"Chemistry"
] | 336 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
1,216,247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolff%E2%80%93Kishner%20reduction | The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding st... | Wolff–Kishner reduction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,173 | [
"Name reactions",
"Organic redox reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
1,217,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%20shift | Stokes shift is the difference (in energy, wavenumber or frequency units) between positions of the band maxima of the absorption and emission spectra (fluorescence and Raman being two examples) of the same electronic transition. It is named after Irish physicist George Gabriel Stokes.
When a system (be it a molecule o... | Stokes shift | [
"Chemistry"
] | 925 | [
"Luminescence",
"Fluorescence"
] |
1,217,124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN%20Axion%20Solar%20Telescope | The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) is an experiment in astroparticle physics to search for axions originating from the Sun. The experiment, sited at CERN in Switzerland, was commissioned in 1999 and came online in 2002 with the first data-taking run starting in May 2003. The successful detection of solar axions woul... | CERN Axion Solar Telescope | [
"Physics"
] | 2,142 | [
"Dark matter",
"Experiments for dark matter search",
"Unsolved problems in physics"
] |
12,718,563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20turn | A gravity turn or zero-lift turn is a maneuver used in launching a spacecraft into, or descending from, an orbit around a celestial body such as a planet or a moon. It is a trajectory optimization that uses gravity to steer the vehicle onto its desired trajectory. It offers two main advantages over a trajectory control... | Gravity turn | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,497 | [
"Rocketry",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
8,065,677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance%20measure | Distance measures are used in physical cosmology to give a natural notion of the distance between two objects or events in the universe. They are often used to tie some observable quantity (such as the luminosity of a distant quasar, the redshift of a distant galaxy, or the angular size of the acoustic peaks in the co... | Distance measure | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,020 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Physical properties",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
8,067,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20flatness | Spectral flatness or tonality coefficient, also known as Wiener entropy, is a measure used in digital signal processing to characterize an audio spectrum. Spectral flatness is typically measured in decibels, and provides a way to quantify how much a sound resembles a pure tone, as opposed to being noise-like.
Interpre... | Spectral flatness | [
"Physics"
] | 467 | [
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
8,069,949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best%20management%20practice%20for%20water%20pollution | Best management practices (BMPs) is a term used in the United States and Canada to describe a type of water pollution control. Historically the term has referred to auxiliary pollution controls in the fields of industrial wastewater control and municipal sewage control, while in stormwater management (both urban and r... | Best management practice for water pollution | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,322 | [
"Environmental design",
"Hydrology",
"Water treatment",
"Chemical engineering",
"Water pollution",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydrology and urban planning",
"Environmental engineering",
"Waste treatment technology",
"Design"
] |
8,071,905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4H10O2 | The molecular formula C4H10O2 may refer to:
Butanediols
1,2-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
1,4-Butanediol
2,3-Butanediol
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
Dimethoxyethane
2-Ethoxyethanol
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
Diethyl peroxide | C4H10O2 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 88 | [
"Isomerism",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas"
] |
10,414,062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moisture%20advection | Moisture advection is the horizontal transport of water vapor by the wind. Measurement and knowledge of atmospheric water vapor, or "moisture", is crucial in the prediction of all weather elements, especially clouds, fog, temperature, humidity thermal comfort indices and precipitation. Regions of moisture advection ar... | Moisture advection | [
"Chemistry"
] | 397 | [
"Atmospheric dynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
10,415,613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger%20variational%20principle | Schwinger variational principle is a variational principle which expresses the scattering T-matrix as a functional depending on two unknown wave functions. The functional attains stationary value equal to actual scattering T-matrix. The functional is stationary if and only if the two functions satisfy the Lippmann-Schw... | Schwinger variational principle | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 300 | [
"Scattering stubs",
"Scattering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
10,416,232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20space%20method | In applied mathematics, the phase space method is a technique for constructing and analyzing solutions of dynamical systems, that is, solving time-dependent differential equations.
The method consists of first rewriting the equations as a system of differential equations that are first-order in time, by introducing a... | Phase space method | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 207 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
10,416,796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20lobby | The pharmaceutical lobby refers to the representatives of pharmaceutical drug and biomedicine companies who engage in lobbying in favour of pharmaceutical companies and their products.
Political influence in the United States
The largest pharmaceutical companies and their two trade groups, Pharmaceutical Research and ... | Pharmaceutical lobby | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 750 | [
"Pharmaceutical industry",
"Pharmacology",
"Life sciences industry"
] |
10,419,626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic%20deflection%20%28molecular%20physics/nanotechnology%29 | In molecular physics/nanotechnology, electrostatic deflection is the deformation of a beam-like structure/element bent by an electric field. It can be due to interaction between electrostatic fields and net charge or electric polarization effects. The beam-like structure/element is generally cantilevered (fix at one of... | Electrostatic deflection (molecular physics/nanotechnology) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 373 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Molecular physics",
"Nanotechnology stubs",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Nanotechnology",
"Molecular physics stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
15,544,038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamaker%20constant | In molecular physics, the Hamaker constant (denoted ; named for H. C. Hamaker) is a physical constant that can be defined for a van der Waals (vdW) body–body interaction:
where are the number densities of the two interacting kinds of particles, and is the London coefficient in the particle–particle pair interaction.... | Hamaker constant | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 258 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Intermolecular forces",
"nan",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
15,544,777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridley%E2%80%93Watkins%E2%80%93Hilsum%20theory | In solid state physics the Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum theory (RWH) explains the mechanism by which differential negative resistance is developed in a bulk solid state semiconductor material when a voltage is applied to the terminals of the sample. It is the theory behind the operation of the Gunn diode as well as several o... | Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum theory | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 473 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Computer engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electrical engineering",
"Condensed matter stubs"
] |
18,457,721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod%20exoskeleton | Arthropods are covered with a tough, resilient integument, cuticle or exoskeleton of chitin. Generally the exoskeleton will have thickened areas in which the chitin is reinforced or stiffened by materials such as minerals or hardened proteins. This happens in parts of the body where there is a need for rigidity or elas... | Arthropod exoskeleton | [
"Physics"
] | 2,687 | [
"Biomechanics",
"Mechanics"
] |
18,458,673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieller%27s%20theorem | In statistics, Fieller's theorem allows the calculation of a confidence interval for the ratio of two means.
Approximate confidence interval
Variables a and b may be measured in different units, so there is no way to directly combine the standard errors as they may also be in different units. The most complete discuss... | Fieller's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 495 | [
"Theorems in statistics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Statistical approximations",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Approximations"
] |
18,460,129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seratrodast | Seratrodast (development name, AA-2414; marketed originally as Bronica) is a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor (TP receptor) antagonist used primarily in the treatment of asthma. It was the first TP receptor antagonist that was developed as an anti-asthmatic drug and received marketing approval in Japan in 1997. As of 201... | Seratrodast | [
"Chemistry"
] | 850 | [
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups"
] |
18,463,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared%20and%20thermal%20testing | Infrared and thermal testing refer to passive thermographic inspection techniques, a class of nondestructive testing designated by the American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT). Infrared thermography is the science of measuring and mapping surface temperatures.
"Infrared thermography, a nondestructive, remote... | Infrared and thermal testing | [
"Materials_science"
] | 1,447 | [
"Nondestructive testing",
"Materials testing"
] |
22,133,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Institute%20of%20Genetics | The National Institute of Genetics ("Japanese Institute of Genetics") is a Japanese institution founded in 1949.
It hosts the DNA Data Bank of Japan.
Notes and references
External links
Genetic engineering in Japan
Genomics
Bioinformatics organizations
Biological databases
Medical research institutes in Japan
Res... | National Institute of Genetics | [
"Biology"
] | 64 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Biological databases",
"Bioinformatics organizations"
] |
22,134,777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20human%20hormones | The following is a list of hormones found in Humans. Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. For example, current North American and international usage uses estrogen and gonadotropin, while British usage retains the Greek digraph in oestrogen and favours the earlier spelling gonadotrophin.
Hormones listing
Ster... | List of human hormones | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 78 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
22,136,672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Oenslager | George Oenslager (September 25, 1873 – February 5, 1956) was a Goodrich chemist who discovered that a derivative of aniline accelerated the vulcanization of rubber with sulfur. He first introduced carbon black as a rubber reinforcing agent in 1912.
Biography
Oenslager attended Harrisburg & Phillips Exeter Academies,... | George Oenslager | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 317 | [
"Polymer scientists and engineers",
"Physical chemists",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
22,137,635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug-induced%20thrombocytopenic%20purpura | Drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura is a skin condition result from a low platelet count due to drug-induced anti-platelet antibodies caused by drugs such as heparin, sulfonamides, digoxin, quinine, and quinidine.
See also
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Skin lesion
References
Vascular-related cutaneous co... | Drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura | [
"Chemistry"
] | 91 | [
"Drug-induced diseases",
"Drug safety"
] |
22,143,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearography | Shearography or Speckle pattern shearing interferometry is a measuring and testing method similar to holographic interferometry. It uses coherent light or coherent soundwaves to provide information about the quality of different materials in nondestructive testing, strain measurement, and vibration analysis. Shearograp... | Shearography | [
"Materials_science"
] | 573 | [
"Nondestructive testing",
"Materials testing"
] |
22,145,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.%20Gary%20Leal | Leslie Gary Leal (born March 18, 1943) is the Warren & Katharine Schlinger Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara, United States. He is known for his research work in the dynamics of complex fluids.
Leal was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1987 for f... | L. Gary Leal | [
"Chemistry"
] | 955 | [
"Fluid dynamicists",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
22,146,315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentacarbon%20dioxide | Pentacarbon dioxide, officially penta-1,2,3,4-tetraene-1,5-dione, is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon) with formula C5O2 or O=C=C=C=C=C=O.
The compound was described in 1988 by Günter Maier and others, who obtained it by pyrolysis of 2,4,6-tris(diazo)cyclohexane-1,3,5-trione (C6N6O3). Diazo transfer can produce the la... | Pentacarbon dioxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 205 | [
"Functional groups",
"Ketenes"
] |
4,680,068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicity%20function%20for%20N%20noninteracting%20spins | The multiplicity function for a two state paramagnet, W(n,N), is the number of spin states such that n of the N spins point in the z-direction. This function is given by the combinatoric function C(N,n). That is:
It is primarily used in introductory statistical mechanics and thermodynamics textbooks to explain the mi... | Multiplicity function for N noninteracting spins | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 150 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
4,680,330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubly%20labeled%20water | Doubly labeled water is water in which both the hydrogen and the oxygen have been partly or completely replaced (i.e. labeled) with an uncommon isotope of these elements for tracing purposes.
In practice, for both practical and safety reasons, almost all recent applications of the "doubly labeled water" (DLW) method u... | Doubly labeled water | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,939 | [
"Hydrology",
"Water",
"Isotopes",
"Cellular processes",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
4,682,019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20chemical%20methods%20in%20solid-state%20physics | Computational chemical methods in solid-state physics follow the same approach as they do for molecules, but with two differences. First, the translational symmetry of the solid has to be utilised, and second, it is possible to use completely delocalised basis functions such as plane waves as an alternative to the mole... | Computational chemical methods in solid-state physics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 328 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Computational physics stubs",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Applied mathematics",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Computational physics",
"Computational science",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
"Conde... |
4,682,498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-empirical%20quantum%20chemistry%20method | Semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods are based on the Hartree–Fock formalism, but make many approximations and obtain some parameters from empirical data. They are very important in computational chemistry for treating large molecules where the full Hartree–Fock method without the approximations is too expensive. T... | Semi-empirical quantum chemistry method | [
"Chemistry"
] | 794 | [
"Computational chemistry",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Semiempirical quantum chemistry methods"
] |
4,683,709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tak%20%28function%29 | In computer science, the Tak function is a recursive function, named after . It is defined as follows:
def tak(x, y, z):
if y < x:
return tak(
tak(x-1, y, z),
tak(y-1, z, x),
tak(z-1, x, y)
)
else:
return z
This function is often used as a benchmark... | Tak (function) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 644 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Special functions",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
449,744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm%20surge | A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the normal tidal level, and does not include waves.
The main meteorological facto... | Storm surge | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,127 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Hydrology",
"Water waves",
"Flood",
"Waves",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
449,756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitaxy | Epitaxy (prefix epi- means "on top of”) refers to a type of crystal growth or material deposition in which new crystalline layers are formed with one or more well-defined orientations with respect to the crystalline seed layer. The deposited crystalline film is called an epitaxial film or epitaxial layer. The relative... | Epitaxy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,609 | [
"Thin film deposition",
"Microtechnology",
"Methods of crystal growth",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Materials science",
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
450,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi%20elliptic%20functions | In mathematics, the Jacobi elliptic functions are a set of basic elliptic functions. They are found in the description of the motion of a pendulum, as well as in the design of electronic elliptic filters. While trigonometric functions are defined with reference to a circle, the Jacobi elliptic functions are a generali... | Jacobi elliptic functions | [
"Mathematics"
] | 6,663 | [
"Special functions",
"Combinatorics"
] |
450,543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtochemistry | Femtochemistry is the area of physical chemistry that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales (approximately 10−15 seconds or one femtosecond, hence the name) in order to study the very act of atoms within molecules (reactants) rearranging themselves to form new molecules (products). In a 1988 issue of... | Femtochemistry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 571 | [
"Physical chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"nan"
] |
451,285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undeniable%20signature | An undeniable signature is a digital signature scheme which allows the signer to be selective to whom they allow to verify signatures. The scheme adds explicit signature repudiation, preventing a signer later refusing to verify a signature by omission; a situation that would devalue the signature in the eyes of the ver... | Undeniable signature | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,118 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
451,445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube%20%28algebra%29 | In arithmetic and algebra, the cube of a number is its third power, that is, the result of multiplying three instances of together.
The cube of a number is denoted , using a superscript 3, for example . The cube operation can also be defined for any other mathematical expression, for example .
The cube is also the ... | Cube (algebra) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,928 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Figurate numbers",
"Functions and mappings",
"Integer sequences",
"Elementary arithmetic",
"Unary operations",
"Mathematical structures",
"Discrete mathematics",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Arithmeti... |
6,126,703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD11 | In cell biology, CD11 is the α (alpha) component of various integrins, especially ones in which the β (beta) component is CD18 (β2) and mediate leukocyte adhesion. For example,
LFA1 (CD11a/CD18) short representation of Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen 1, also called αLβ2 integrin
Mac1 (CD11b/CD18) present on ma... | CD11 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 152 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
6,128,820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup%20battery | A backup battery provides power to a system when the primary source of power is unavailable. Backup batteries range from small single cells to retain clock time and date in computers, up to large battery room facilities that power uninterruptible power supply systems for large data centers. Small backup batteries may ... | Backup battery | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,367 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Reliability engineering",
"Backup",
"Power (physics)",
"Electric power",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
6,129,627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womersley%20number | The Womersley number ( or ) is a dimensionless number in biofluid mechanics and biofluid dynamics. It is a dimensionless expression of the pulsatile flow frequency in relation to viscous effects. It is named after John R. Womersley (1907–1958) for his work with blood flow in arteries. The Womersley number is important ... | Womersley number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 973 | [
"Biomechanics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
6,129,873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schouten%20tensor | In Riemannian geometry the Schouten tensor is a second-order tensor introduced by Jan Arnoldus Schouten defined for by:
where Ric is the Ricci tensor (defined by contracting the first and third indices of the Riemann tensor), R is the scalar curvature, g is the Riemannian metric, is the trace of P and n is the dimen... | Schouten tensor | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 375 | [
"Tensors",
"Physical quantities",
"Tensor physical quantities",
"Curvature tensors",
"Tensors in general relativity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
17,264,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20laser | An X-ray laser can be created by several methods either in hot, dense plasmas or as a free-electron laser in an accelerator. This article describes the x-ray lasers in plasmas, only.
The plasma x-ray lasers rely on stimulated emission to generate or amplify coherent, directional, high-brightness electromagnetic radiat... | X-ray laser | [
"Physics"
] | 989 | [
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum"
] |
17,265,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizzle%20%28nuclear%20explosion%29 | A fizzle occurs when the detonation of a device for creating a nuclear explosion (such as a nuclear weapon) grossly fails to meet its expected yield. The bombs still detonate, but the detonation is much weaker than anticipated. The cause(s) for the failure might be linked to improper design, poor construction, or lack ... | Fizzle (nuclear explosion) | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 943 | [
"Nuclear accidents and incidents",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Nuclear weapons testing",
"Radioactivity"
] |
17,275,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior%20cortical%20atrophy | Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), also called Benson's syndrome, is a rare form of dementia which is considered a visual variant or an atypical variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The disease causes atrophy of the posterior part of the cerebral cortex, resulting in the progressive disruption of complex visual processi... | Posterior cortical atrophy | [
"Biology"
] | 1,638 | [
"Senescence",
"Aging-associated diseases"
] |
2,527,405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-phase%20extraction | Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a solid-liquid extractive technique, by which compounds that are dissolved or suspended in a liquid mixture are separated, isolated or purified, from other compounds in this mixture, according to their physical and chemical properties. Analytical laboratories use solid phase extraction t... | Solid-phase extraction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,852 | [
"Extraction (chemistry)",
"nan",
"Separation processes"
] |
2,528,589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry, volatility is a material quality which describes how readily a substance vaporizes. At a given temperature and pressure, a substance with high volatility is more likely to exist as a vapour, while a substance with low volatility is more likely to be a liquid or solid. Volatility can also describe the tend... | Volatility (chemistry) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,227 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Gases",
"Engineering thermodynamics",
"Quantity",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Statistica... |
2,528,751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papercrete | Papercrete is a building material that consists of re-pulped paper fiber combined with Portland cement or clay, as well as other soils. First patented in 1928 by Eric Patterson and Mike McCain (who originally named it "padobe" and "fibrous cement"), it was revived during the 1980s. It is generally perceived as an envi... | Papercrete | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,513 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Concrete"
] |
2,529,724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinder%20pump | A grinder pump (also called a macerator pump) is a wastewater conveyance device. Waste from water-using household appliances (toilets, bathtubs, washing machines, etc.) flows through the home’s pipes into the grinder pump’s holding tank. Once the wastewater inside the tank reaches a specific level, the pump will turn o... | Grinder pump | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 912 | [
"Water treatment",
"Waste treatment technology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
2,529,895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward%20scattering%20alignment | The Forward Scattering Alignment (FSA) is a coordinate system used in coherent electromagnetic scattering.
The coordinate system is defined from the viewpoint of the electromagnetic wave, before and after scattering. The FSA is most commonly used in optics, specifically when working with Jones Calculus because the el... | Forward scattering alignment | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 157 | [
"Physical phenomena",
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Materials science stubs",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Scattering stubs",
"Scattering",
"Radiation",
"Electromagnetism stubs"
] |
2,529,967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20scattering%20alignment | The Back Scattering Alignment (BSA) is a coordinate system used in coherent electromagnetic scattering. The coordinate system is defined from the viewpoint of the wave source, before and after scattering. The BSA is most commonly used in radar, specifically when working with a Sinclair Matrix because the monostatic rad... | Back scattering alignment | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 146 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Materials science stubs",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Radiation",
"Electromagnetism stubs"
] |
2,531,152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazonium%20compound | Diazonium compounds or diazonium salts are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group where R can be any organic group, such as an alkyl or an aryl, and X is an inorganic or organic anion, such as a halide. The parent compound where R is hydrogen, is diazenylium.
Structure and general properties
... | Diazonium compound | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,030 | [
"Functional groups",
"Organic reactions",
"Organic compounds",
"Carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions",
"Organonitrogen compounds"
] |
2,531,983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbons%E2%80%93Hawking%E2%80%93York%20boundary%20term | In general relativity, the Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term is a term that needs to be added to the Einstein–Hilbert action when the underlying spacetime manifold has a boundary.
The Einstein–Hilbert action is the basis for the most elementary variational principle from which the field equations of general relativit... | Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,972 | [
"Lagrangian mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,532,789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20gravity | The standard acceleration of gravity or standard acceleration of free fall, often called simply standard gravity and denoted by or , is the nominal gravitational acceleration of an object in a vacuum near the surface of the Earth. It is a constant defined by standard as . This value was established by the third Genera... | Standard gravity | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 665 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Acceleration",
"Quantity",
"Units of acceleration",
"Physical properties",
"Units of measurement"
] |
2,533,237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic%20triad | A catalytic triad is a set of three coordinated amino acid residues that can be found in the active site of some enzymes. Catalytic triads are most commonly found in hydrolase and transferase enzymes (e.g. proteases, amidases, esterases, acylases, lipases and β-lactamases). An acid-base-nucleophile triad is a common mo... | Catalytic triad | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,742 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
20,668,503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake%20Engineering%20Research%20Institute | The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) is a leading technical society in dissemination of earthquake risk and earthquake engineering research both in the U.S. and globally. EERI members include researchers, geologists, geotechnical engineers, educators, government officials, and building code regulators.... | Earthquake Engineering Research Institute | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,138 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Earthquake engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Engineering research institutes"
] |
20,670,019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning%20SQUID%20microscopy | In condensed matter physics, scanning SQUID microscopy is a technique where a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is used to image surface magnetic field strength with micrometre-scale resolution. A tiny SQUID is mounted onto a tip which is then rastered near the surface of the sample to be measured. As... | Scanning SQUID microscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 5,598 | [
"Josephson effect",
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Materials science",
"Measuring instruments",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Scanning probe microscopy",
"Microscopy",
"Nanotechnology",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
20,671,794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-system%20environment%20reference%20model | Open-system environment (OSE) reference model (RM) or OSE reference model (OSE/RM) is a 1990 reference model for enterprise architecture. It provides a framework for describing open system concepts and defining a lexicon of terms, that can be agreed upon generally by all interested parties.
This reference model is me... | Open-system environment reference model | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,658 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Enterprise modelling"
] |
12,728,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomeranz%E2%80%93Fritsch%20reaction | The Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction, also named Pomeranz–Fritsch cyclization, is a named reaction in organic chemistry. It is named after Paul Fritsch (1859–1913) and Cäsar Pomeranz (1860–1926). In general it is a synthesis of isoquinoline.
General reaction scheme
The reaction below shows the acid-promoted synthesis of is... | Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 402 | [
"Name reactions",
"Ring forming reactions",
"Heterocycle forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
22,146,849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentric%20reducer | An eccentric reducer is a fitting used in piping systems between two pipes of different diameters. The same fitting can be used in reverse as an eccentric increaser or expander. They are used where the diameter of the pipe on the upstream side of the fitting (i.e. where flow is coming from) is larger than the downstrea... | Eccentric reducer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 417 | [
"Pumps",
"Turbomachinery",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping"
] |
22,148,935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumation | Manumation is the automation of paper based processes in public sector and business without improvement regarding its efficiency. Automation of an inefficient process does not lead to an improvement in case of manumation. This term could be seen as a sarcastic description of the digital replication and mimicking of fre... | Manumation | [
"Engineering"
] | 132 | [
"Impact of automation",
"Automation"
] |
22,149,789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weingarten%20function | In mathematics, Weingarten functions are rational functions indexed by partitions of integers that can be used to calculate integrals of products of matrix coefficients over classical groups. They were first studied by who found their asymptotic behavior, and named by , who evaluated them explicitly for the unitary gr... | Weingarten function | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 558 | [
"Random matrices",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
19,474,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%20circle%20problem | In mathematics, the Gauss circle problem is the problem of determining how many integer lattice points there are in a circle centered at the origin and with radius . This number is approximated by the area of the circle, so the real problem is to accurately bound the error term describing how the number of points diff... | Gauss circle problem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 988 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Lattice points",
"Arithmetic functions",
"Circles",
"Mathematical problems",
"Pi",
"Number theory"
] |
19,479,876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional%20electrical%20unit | A conventional electrical unit (or conventional unit where there is no risk of ambiguity) is a unit of measurement in the field of electricity which is based on the so-called "conventional values" of the Josephson constant, the von Klitzing constant agreed by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) ... | Conventional electrical unit | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 858 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Systems of units",
"Quantity",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Units of measurement"
] |
19,480,112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic%20methane%20emissions | Arctic methane emissions contribute to a rise in methane concentrations in the atmosphere. Whilst the Arctic region is one of many natural sources of the greenhouse gas methane, there is nowadays also a human component to this due to the effects of climate change. In the Arctic, the main human-influenced sources of met... | Arctic methane emissions | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,814 | [
"Greenhouse gases",
"Greenhouse gas emissions",
"Methane"
] |
10,422,205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20Fatou%20components | In mathematics, Fatou components are components of the Fatou set. They were named after Pierre Fatou.
Rational case
If f is a rational function
defined in the extended complex plane, and if it is a nonlinear function (degree > 1)
then for a periodic component of the Fatou set, exactly one of the following holds... | Classification of Fatou components | [
"Mathematics"
] | 443 | [
"Theorems in dynamical systems",
"Limit sets",
"Functions and mappings",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Complex dynamics",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in complex analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fractals",
"Topology",
"Mathematical relations",
"nan",
"Mathematical problems",... |
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