id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8,666,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20Koch%27s%20postulates | Molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease caused by the pathogen. Genes that satisfy molecular Koch's postulates are often referred to as virulence factors. The postulate... | Molecular Koch's postulates | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 658 | [
"Epidemiology",
"Microbiology",
"Environmental social science",
"Microscopy"
] |
8,668,103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%20transporter | Animal transporters are used to transport livestock or non-livestock animals over long distances. They could be specially-modified vehicles, trailers, ships or aircraft containers. While some animal transporters like horse trailers only carry a few animals, modern ships engaged in live export can carry tens of thousand... | Animal transporter | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 121 | [
"Animals",
"Eutrophication",
"Intensive farming",
"Human–animal interaction",
"Humans and other species"
] |
7,000,901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen-powered%20aircraft | A hydrogen-powered aircraft is an aeroplane that uses hydrogen fuel as a power source. Hydrogen can either be burned in a jet engine or another kind of internal combustion engine, or can be used to power a fuel cell to generate electricity to power an electric propulsor. It cannot be stored in a traditional wet wing, a... | Hydrogen-powered aircraft | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,228 | [
"Aircraft configurations",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
7,000,956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomarski%20prism | A Nomarski prism is a modification of the Wollaston prism that is used in differential interference contrast microscopy. It is named after its inventor, Polish and naturalized-French physicist Georges Nomarski. Like the Wollaston prism, the Nomarski prism consists of two birefringent crystal wedges (e.g. quartz or calc... | Nomarski prism | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 261 | [
"Polarization (waves)",
"Astrophysics",
"Microscopy"
] |
7,001,745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance%20of%20free%20space | In electromagnetism, the impedance of free space, , is a physical constant relating the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic radiation travelling through free space. That is,
where is the electric field strength, and is the magnetic field strength. Its presently accepted value is
,
wh... | Impedance of free space | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 642 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Physical constants",
"Fundamental interactions"
] |
7,005,062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20conversion%20efficiency | Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms. The input, as well as the useful output may be chemical, electric power, mechanical work, light (radiation), or heat. The resulting value, η (eta), ranges between 0 and 1.
Overview
E... | Energy conversion efficiency | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,821 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics",
"Building engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Architecture"
] |
7,005,786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hengzhi%20chip | The Hengzhi chip (, 共產主義監控晶片) is a microcontroller that can store secured information, designed by the People's Republic of China government and manufactured in China. Its functionalities should be similar to those offered by a Trusted Platform Module but, unlike the TPM, it does not follow Trusted Computing Group spec... | Hengzhi chip | [
"Engineering"
] | 217 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Trusted computing"
] |
7,007,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadheader | A roadheader, also called a boom-type roadheader, road header machine, road header or just header machine, is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a boom-mounted cutting head, a loading device usually involving a conveyor, and a crawler travelling track to move the entire machine forward into the rock face.
T... | Roadheader | [
"Engineering"
] | 515 | [
"Engineering vehicles",
"Excavating equipment",
"Mining equipment"
] |
7,008,837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jig%20borer | The jig borer is a type of machine tool invented at the end of World War I to enable the quick and precise location of hole centers. It was invented independently in Switzerland and the United States. It resembles a specialized kind of milling machine that provides tool and die makers with a higher degree of positionin... | Jig borer | [
"Engineering"
] | 795 | [
"Machine tools",
"Industrial machinery"
] |
10,820,517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%20United%20States%20Tri-Service%20rocket%20and%20guided%20missile%20designation%20system | In 1963, the U.S. Department of Defense established a designation system for rockets and guided missiles jointly used by all the United States armed services. It superseded the separate designation systems the Air Force and Navy had for designating US guided missiles and drones, but also a short-lived interim USAF syst... | 1963 United States Tri-Service rocket and guided missile designation system | [
"Engineering"
] | 747 | [
"Rocketry",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
10,821,496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dullard%20protein | In cell biology, Dullard protein is a protein coding gene involved in neural development. It is a member of DXDX(T/V) phosphatase family and is a potential regulator of neural tube development in Xenopus. The gene promotes neural development by inhibiting Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). Dullard is also known as CTD... | Dullard protein | [
"Chemistry"
] | 552 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
10,831,865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20pool%20sanitation | Swimming pool sanitation is the process of ensuring healthy conditions in swimming pools. Proper sanitation is needed to maintain the visual clarity of water and to prevent the transmission of infectious waterborne diseases.
Methods
Two distinct and separate methods are employed in the sanitation of a swimming pool. T... | Swimming pool sanitation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 5,483 | [
"Water filters",
"Water treatment",
"Filters",
"Water pollution",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology"
] |
324,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered%20jack | A registered jack (RJ) is a standardized telecommunication network interface for connecting voice and data equipment to a computer service provided by a local exchange carrier or long distance carrier. Registered interfaces were first defined in the Universal Service Ordering Code (USOC) of the Bell System in the Unite... | Registered jack | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,825 | [
"Computer networks engineering",
"Networking hardware"
] |
324,749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine%20wave | A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics, as a linear motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion; as rotation, it corresponds to uniform circular motion. Sine waves occur often in physics, including wind waves,... | Sine wave | [
"Physics"
] | 1,288 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Waveforms"
] |
325,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic%20Circumpolar%20Wave | The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) is a coupled ocean/atmosphere wave that circles the Southern Ocean in approximately eight years at . Since it is a wave-2 phenomenon (there are two ridges and two troughs in a latitude circle) at each fixed point in space a signal with a period of four years is seen. The wave moves ... | Antarctic Circumpolar Wave | [
"Physics"
] | 264 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
325,060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal%20power | Tidal power or tidal energy is harnessed by converting energy from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity using various methods.
Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has the potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Among sources of renewabl... | Tidal power | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,084 | [
"Construction",
"Coastal construction"
] |
325,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20theory | Domain theory is a branch of mathematics that studies special kinds of partially ordered sets (posets) commonly called domains. Consequently, domain theory can be considered as a branch of order theory. The field has major applications in computer science, where it is used to specify denotational semantics, especially ... | Domain theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,902 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Fixed points (mathematics)",
"Topology",
"Domain theory",
"Order theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
325,496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servomechanism | In mechanical and control engineering, a servomechanism (also called servo system, or simply servo) is a control system for the position and its time derivatives, such as velocity, of a mechanical system. It often includes a servomotor, and uses closed-loop control to reduce steady-state error and improve dynamic respo... | Servomechanism | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,755 | [
"Mechanical amplifiers",
"Control devices",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Control engineering",
"Amplifiers",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
325,714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf%20algebra | In mathematics, a Hopf algebra, named after Heinz Hopf, is a structure that is simultaneously an (unital associative) algebra and a (counital coassociative) coalgebra, with these structures' compatibility making it a bialgebra, and that moreover is equipped with an antihomomorphism satisfying a certain property. The re... | Hopf algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,758 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Monoidal categories",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Representation theory"
] |
325,772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova%20%28American%20TV%20program%29 | Nova (stylized as NOVΛ) is an American popular science television program produced by WGBH in Boston, Massachusetts, since 1974. It is broadcast on PBS in the United States, and in more than 100 other countries. The program has won many major television awards.
Nova often includes interviews with scientists doing rese... | Nova (American TV program) | [
"Physics"
] | 1,003 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physics education"
] |
325,831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection%20moulding | Injection moulding (U.S. spelling: injection molding) is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting molten material into a mould, or mold. Injection moulding can be performed with a host of materials mainly including metals (for which the process is called die-casting), glasses, elastomers, confections, a... | Injection moulding | [
"Engineering"
] | 6,601 | [
"Industrial design",
"Design engineering",
"Design"
] |
325,996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Superconducting%20Cyclotron%20Laboratory | The National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL), located on the campus of Michigan State University was a rare isotope research facility in the United States. Established in 1963, the cyclotron laboratory has been succeeded by the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, a linear accelerator providing beam to the sam... | National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory | [
"Engineering"
] | 959 | [
"Nuclear research institutes",
"Nuclear organizations"
] |
326,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoperimetric%20inequality | In mathematics, the isoperimetric inequality is a geometric inequality involving the square of the circumference of a closed curve in the plane and the area of a plane region it encloses, as well as its various generalizations. Isoperimetric literally means "having the same perimeter". Specifically, the isoperimetric i... | Isoperimetric inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,804 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in measure theory",
"Calculus",
"Geometric inequalities",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Multivariable calculus"
] |
326,298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20center%20%28geometry%29 | In geometry, the power center of three circles, also called the radical center, is the intersection point of the three radical axes of the pairs of circles. If the radical center lies outside of all three circles, then it is the center of the unique circle (the radical circle) that intersects the three given circles ... | Power center (geometry) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 366 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Elementary geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
326,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20mathematics | Reverse mathematics is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. Its defining method can briefly be described as "going backwards from the theorems to the axioms", in contrast to the ordinary mathematical practice of deriving theorems from axiom... | Reverse mathematics | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,432 | [
"Computability theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Proof theory"
] |
326,386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20source | An ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions. Ion sources are used to form ions for mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters and ion engines.
Electron ionization
Electron ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry, particularly for organic molec... | Ion source | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,902 | [
"Matter",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Ion source",
"Experimental physics",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Accelerator physics",
"Ions"
] |
326,454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20module | In mathematics, a free module is a module that has a basis, that is, a generating set that is linearly independent. Every vector space is a free module, but, if the ring of the coefficients is not a division ring (not a field in the commutative case), then there exist non-free modules.
Given any set and ring , there ... | Free module | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,315 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Module theory",
"Algebraic structures",
"Free algebraic structures"
] |
984,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief%20valve | A relief valve or pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system; excessive pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, explosion, or fire.
Pressure relief
Excess pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurize... | Relief valve | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,862 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Chemical equipment",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Industrial safety devices",
"Pressure vessels",
"Safety valves"
] |
986,051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-tuning%20%28physics%29 | In theoretical physics, fine-tuning is the process in which parameters of a model must be adjusted very precisely in order to fit with certain observations.
Theories requiring fine-tuning are regarded as problematic in the absence of a known mechanism to explain why the parameters happen to have precisely the observed... | Fine-tuning (physics) | [
"Physics"
] | 444 | [
"Theoretical physics"
] |
986,096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20surface | In condensed matter physics, the Fermi surface is the surface in reciprocal space which separates occupied electron states from unoccupied electron states at zero temperature. The shape of the Fermi surface is derived from the periodicity and symmetry of the crystalline lattice and from the occupation of electronic en... | Fermi surface | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,617 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
986,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peccei%E2%80%93Quinn%20theory | In particle physics, the Peccei–Quinn theory is a well-known, long-standing proposal for the resolution of the strong CP problem formulated by Roberto Peccei and Helen Quinn in 1977. The theory introduces a new anomalous symmetry to the Standard Model along with a new scalar field which spontaneously breaks the symmet... | Peccei–Quinn theory | [
"Physics"
] | 1,023 | [
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Particle physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
987,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing%20sugar | A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent. In an alkaline solution, a reducing sugar forms some aldehyde or ketone, which allows it to act as a reducing agent, for example in Benedict's reagent. In such a reaction, the sugar becomes a carboxylic acid.
All monosaccharides are reducing ... | Reducing sugar | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,029 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Carbohydrates",
"Natural products",
"Biochemistry",
"Organic compounds",
"Carbohydrate chemistry",
"Chemical synthesis",
"Biomolecules",
"Structural biology",
"Glycobiology",
"nan",
"Molecular biology"
] |
987,507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20safety | Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce destruction caused by fire. Fire safety measures include those that are intended to prevent the ignition of an uncontrolled fire and those that are used to limit the spread and impact of a fire.
Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the constr... | Fire safety | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,720 | [
"Building engineering",
"Fire protection"
] |
988,191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon%20mesh | In 3D computer graphics and solid modeling, a polygon mesh is a collection of , s and s that defines the shape of a polyhedral object's surface. It simplifies rendering, as in a wire-frame model. The faces usually consist of triangles (triangle mesh), quadrilaterals (quads), or other simple convex polygons (n-gons). A ... | Polygon mesh | [
"Physics"
] | 2,251 | [
"Tessellation",
"Mesh generation",
"Symmetry"
] |
159,023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree%20decomposition | In graph theory, a tree decomposition is a mapping of a graph into a tree that can be used to define the treewidth of the graph and speed up solving certain computational problems on the graph.
Tree decompositions are also called junction trees, clique trees, or join trees. They play an important role in problems lik... | Tree decomposition | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,202 | [
"Graph minor theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory",
"Graph theory objects"
] |
159,046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal%20desalination | Geothermal desalination refers to the process of using geothermal energy to power the process of converting salt water to fresh water. The process is considered economically efficient, and while overall environmental impact is uncertain, it has potential to be more environmentally friendly compared to conventional desa... | Geothermal desalination | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,397 | [
"Water treatment",
"Water technology",
"Water desalination"
] |
159,225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%E2%80%93Dirac%20statistics | Fermi–Dirac statistics is a type of quantum statistics that applies to the physics of a system consisting of many non-interacting, identical particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle. A result is the Fermi–Dirac distribution of particles over energy states. It is named after Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac, each of... | Fermi–Dirac statistics | [
"Physics"
] | 2,853 | [
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
159,266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20expression | Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein-coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and... | Gene expression | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 8,503 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
159,441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20metal | In printing, type metal refers to the metal alloys used in traditional typefounding and hot metal typesetting. Historically, type metal was an alloy of lead, tin and antimony in different proportions depending on the application, be it individual character mechanical casting for hand setting, mechanical line casting or... | Type metal | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,741 | [
"Alloys",
"Chemical mixtures"
] |
159,472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight | Flight or flying is the motion of an object through an atmosphere, or through the vacuum of outer space, without contacting any planetary surface. This can be achieved by generating aerodynamic lift associated with gliding or propulsive thrust, aerostatically using buoyancy, or by ballistic movement.
Many things can f... | Flight | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 4,272 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Aerodynamics",
"Flight",
"Motion (physics)",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
159,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerophyll | Sclerophyll is a type of vegetation that is adapted to long periods of dryness and heat. The plants feature hard leaves, short internodes (the distance between leaves along the stem) and leaf orientation which is parallel or oblique to direct sunlight. The word comes from the Greek sklēros (hard) and phyllon (leaf). Th... | Sclerophyll | [
"Biology"
] | 3,191 | [
"Ecology"
] |
160,125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial%20disease | Mitochondrial disease is a group of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cell and are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells. They convert the energy of food molecules into the ATP that powers most cell functions.
Mitochondria... | Mitochondrial disease | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,548 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
160,815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS%20Registry%20Number | A CAS Registry Number (also referred to as CAS RN or informally CAS Number) is a unique identification number, assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) in the US to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature, in order to index the substance in the CAS Registry. This registry includes ... | CAS Registry Number | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,119 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"American Chemical Society",
"Chemical numbering schemes",
"Numbers"
] |
161,244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthocenter | The orthocenter of a triangle, usually denoted by , is the point where the three (possibly extended) altitudes intersect. The orthocenter lies inside the triangle if and only if the triangle is acute. For a right triangle, the orthocenter coincides with the vertex at the right angle.
Formulation
Let denote the verti... | Orthocenter | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,654 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Triangle centers",
"Points defined for a triangle",
"Geometric centers",
"Symmetry"
] |
161,253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20fluctuation | In quantum physics, a quantum fluctuation (also known as a vacuum state fluctuation or vacuum fluctuation) is the temporary random change in the amount of energy in a point in space, as prescribed by Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. They are minute random fluctuations in the values of the fields which represe... | Quantum fluctuation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 722 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Energy (physics)",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
161,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble%20metal | A noble metal is ordinarily regarded as a metallic element that is generally resistant to corrosion and is usually found in nature in its raw form. Gold, platinum, and the other platinum group metals (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium) are most often so classified. Silver, copper, and mercury are sometimes... | Noble metal | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,777 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
161,306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellmeier%20equation | The Sellmeier equation is an empirical relationship between refractive index and wavelength for a particular transparent medium. The equation is used to determine the dispersion of light in the medium.
It was first proposed in 1872 by Wolfgang Sellmeier and was a development of the work of Augustin Cauchy on Cauchy's ... | Sellmeier equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 916 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Equations of physics",
"Optics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
15,988,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripping%20%28chemistry%29 | Stripping is a physical separation process where one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a vapor stream. In industrial applications the liquid and vapor streams can have co-current or countercurrent flows. Stripping is usually carried out in either a packed or trayed column.
Theory
Stripping works... | Stripping (chemistry) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,166 | [
"nan",
"Separation processes"
] |
15,990,144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libin%20Cardiovascular%20Institute | The Libin Cardiovascular Institute is an entity of Alberta Health Services and the University of Calgary. It connects all cardiovascular research, education and patient care in Southern Alberta, serving a population of about two million. Its more than 1,500 members include physicians, clinicians and other health profe... | Libin Cardiovascular Institute | [
"Chemistry"
] | 974 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Magnetic resonance imaging"
] |
15,990,232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20management%20of%20high-power%20LEDs | High power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can use 350 milliwatts or more in a single LED. Most of the electricity in an LED becomes heat rather than light – about 70% heat and 30% light. If this heat is not removed, the LEDs run at high temperatures, which not only lowers their efficiency, but also makes the LED less r... | Thermal management of high-power LEDs | [
"Materials_science"
] | 2,490 | [
"Semiconductor technology",
"Microtechnology"
] |
15,993,881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000%20Genomes%20Project | The 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP), taken place from January 2008 to 2015, was an international research effort to establish the most detailed catalogue of human genetic variation at the time. Scientists planned to sequence the genomes of at least one thousand anonymous healthy participants from a number of different ethn... | 1000 Genomes Project | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,712 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms",
"Bioinformatics",
"Biodiversity",
"Molecular biology",
"Genome projects",
"Human genome projects"
] |
15,994,159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater%20acoustic%20communication | Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving messages in water. There are several ways of employing such communication but the most common is by using hydrophones. Underwater communication is difficult due to factors such as multi-path propagation, time variations of the channel, small avai... | Underwater acoustic communication | [
"Physics"
] | 1,809 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
15,995,078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMRI%20adaptation | Functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation (FMRIa) is a method of functional magnetic resonance imaging that reads the brain changes occurring in response to long exposure to evocative stimulus. If Stimulus 1 (S1) excites a certain neuronal population, repeated exposure to S1 will result in subsequently attenuate... | FMRI adaptation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 180 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs",
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Magnetic resonance imaging"
] |
15,997,468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylic%20acid | Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA; trade name Carbomer) is a polymer with the formula (CH2−CHCO2H)n. It is a derivative of acrylic acid (CH2=CHCO2H). In addition to the homopolymers, a variety of copolymers and crosslinked polymers, and partially deprotonated derivatives thereof, are known and of commercial value. In a water sol... | Polyacrylic acid | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,170 | [
"Polymers",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
7,162,263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System-specific%20impulse | System-specific Impulse, Issp is a measure that describes performance of jet propulsion systems. A reference number is introduced, which defines the total impulse, Itot, delivered by the system, divided by the system mass, mPS:
Issp=Itot/mPS
Because of the resulting dimension, - delivered impulse per kilogram of syst... | System-specific impulse | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 328 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Physical properties"
] |
7,162,656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20triangulation | Stellar triangulation is a method of geodesy and of its subdiscipline space geodesy used to measure Earth's geometric shape. Stars were first used for this purpose by the Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä in 1959, who made astrometric photographs of the night sky at two stations together with a lighted balloon probe betw... | Stellar triangulation | [
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 941 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Geodesy",
"Astrometry",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
7,163,587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor%20bolt | Anchor bolts are used to connect structural and non-structural elements to concrete. The connection can be made by a variety of different components: anchor bolts (also named fasteners), steel plates, or stiffeners. Anchor bolts transfer different types of load: tension forces and shear forces.
A connection between s... | Anchor bolt | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,148 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Structural connectors"
] |
7,167,651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumocystis%20jirovecii | Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously P. carinii) is a yeast-like fungus of the genus Pneumocystis. The causative organism of Pneumocystis pneumonia, it is an important human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised hosts. Prior to its discovery as a human-specific pathogen, P. jirovecii was known as P. carinii.
Li... | Pneumocystis jirovecii | [
"Biology"
] | 2,176 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
7,168,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning%20acoustic%20microscope | A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) is a device which uses focused sound to investigate, measure, or image an object (a process called scanning acoustic tomography). It is commonly used in failure analysis and non-destructive evaluation. It also has applications in biological and medical research. The semiconductor in... | Scanning acoustic microscope | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,639 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Acoustics",
"Microscopes",
"Microscopy"
] |
9,315,395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametricity | In programming language theory, parametricity is an abstract uniformity property enjoyed by parametrically polymorphic functions, which captures the intuition that all instances of a polymorphic function act the same way.
Idea
Consider this example, based on a set X and the type T(X) = [X → X] of functions from X to... | Parametricity | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 608 | [
"Polymorphism (computer science)",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical objects",
"Type theory",
"Software engineering",
"Programming language topics"
] |
4,124,553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20Grollo | Bruno Gordano Grollo (born 1942, Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian businessman, property developer, former Director of Grocon and is noted for his controversy surrounding the Swanston Street Wall incident on 29 March 2013.
Bruno is the son of Luigi Grollo, who founded Grocon, one of Australia’s largest constructi... | Bruno Grollo | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,896 | [
"Construction and civil engineering companies",
"Civil engineering organizations"
] |
4,125,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demjanov%20rearrangement | The Demjanov rearrangement is the chemical reaction of primary amines with nitrous acid to give rearranged alcohols. It involves substitution by a hydroxyl group with a possible ring expansion. It is named after the Russian chemist Nikolai Jakovlevich Demjanov (Dem'anov, Demianov), who first reported it in 1903.
React... | Demjanov rearrangement | [
"Chemistry"
] | 632 | [
"Name reactions",
"Rearrangement reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
4,125,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg%E2%80%93Ritz%20combination%20principle | The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is an empirical rule proposed by Walther Ritz in 1908 to describe the relationship of the spectral lines for all atoms, as a generalization of an earlier rule by Johannes Rydberg for the hydrogen atom and the alkali metals. The principle states that the spectral lines of any eleme... | Rydberg–Ritz combination principle | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 641 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Emission spectroscopy",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Old quantum theory",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
4,129,530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasymeter | A dasymeter was meant initially as a device to demonstrate the buoyant effect of gases like air (as shown in the adjacent pictures). A dasymeter which allows weighing acts as a densimeter used to measure the density of gases.
Principle
The Principle of Archimedes permits to derive a formula which does not rely on any... | Dasymeter | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 276 | [
"Measuring instruments"
] |
4,129,998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittington%20chimes | Whittington chimes, also called St. Mary's, are a family of clock chime melodies associated with St Mary-le-Bow church in London, which is related to the historical figure of Whittington by legend.
Whittington is usually the secondary chime selection for most chiming clocks, the first being the Westminster. It is also ... | Whittington chimes | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 663 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Clocks",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
11,801,199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20field%20NMR | Zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) NMR is the acquisition of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of chemicals with magnetically active nuclei (spins 1/2 and greater) in an environment carefully screened from magnetic fields (including from the Earth's field). ZULF NMR experiments typically involve the use of passive o... | Zero field NMR | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,133 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
11,801,987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnibus%20Autism%20Proceeding | The Omnibus Autism Proceeding was a set of six test cases heard by Special Masters of the United States Court of Federal Claims to examine claims of a causal link between vaccines and autism.
Because there were so many National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP) cases that involve a claim that vaccines caused... | Omnibus Autism Proceeding | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 273 | [
"Vaccination",
"Drug safety",
"Vaccine controversies"
] |
11,810,505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase%20cycling%20assembly | Polymerase cycling assembly (or PCA, also known as Assembly PCR) is a method for the assembly of large DNA oligonucleotides from shorter fragments. The process uses the same technology as PCR, but takes advantage of DNA hybridization and annealing as well as DNA polymerase to amplify a complete sequence of DNA in a pr... | Polymerase cycling assembly | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 630 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biological engineering",
"Genetic engineering",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Amplifiers"
] |
3,003,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular%20diameter%20distance | In astronomy, angular diameter distance is a distance (in units of length) defined in terms of an object's physical size (also in units of length), , and its angular size (necessarily in radians), , as viewed from Earth:
Cosmology dependence
The angular diameter distance depends on the assumed cosmology of the univer... | Angular diameter distance | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 782 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Distance",
"Physical quantities",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Quantity",
"Size",
"Space",
"Equations of astronomy",
"Spacetime",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Physical properties"
] |
3,003,614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bis%282-ethylhexyl%29%20phthalate | Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, DEHP; incorrectly — dioctyl phthalate, DIOP) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2. DEHP is the most common member of the class of phthalates, which are used as plasticizers. It is the diester of phth... | Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,469 | [
"Endocrine disruptors"
] |
3,005,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s%20equation | In optics, Cauchy's transmission equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who originally defined it in 1830 in his article "The refraction and reflection of light".
The equa... | Cauchy's equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 422 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Equations of physics",
"Optics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
3,005,202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20model%20%28mathematical%20logic%29 | In model theory, a subfield of mathematical logic, an atomic model is a model such that the complete type of every tuple is axiomatized by a single formula. Such types are called principal types, and the formulas that axiomatize them are called complete formulas.
Definitions
Let T be a theory. A complete type p(x1, .... | Atomic model (mathematical logic) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 378 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Model theory"
] |
3,005,304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin%20analog | An insulin analog (also called an insulin analogue) is any of several types of medical insulin that are altered forms of the hormone insulin, different from any occurring in nature, but still available to the human body for performing the same action as human insulin in terms of controlling blood glucose levels in diab... | Insulin analog | [
"Biology"
] | 3,221 | [
"Recombinant proteins",
"Biotechnology products"
] |
3,007,126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyl%20butyl%20phthalate | Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is an organic compound historically used a plasticizer, but which has now been largely phased out due to health concerns. It is a phthalate ester of containing benzyl alcohol, and n-butanol tail groups. Like most phthalates, BBP is non-volatile and remains liquid over a wide range of temper... | Benzyl butyl phthalate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,003 | [
"Endocrine disruptors"
] |
3,007,616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HER2 | Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 is a protein that normally resides in the membranes of cells and is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. ERBB is abbreviated from erythroblastic oncogene B, a gene originally isolated from the avian genome. The human protein is also frequently referred to as HER2 (human epidermal growth f... | HER2 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,341 | [
"Tyrosine kinase receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
3,007,899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimycobacterial | An antimycobacterial is a type of medication used to treat Mycobacteria infections.
Types include:
Tuberculosis treatments
Leprostatic agents
Notes
Antibiotics | Antimycobacterial | [
"Biology"
] | 35 | [
"Antibiotics",
"Biocides",
"Biotechnology products"
] |
5,501,493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark-nova | A quark-nova is the hypothetical violent explosion resulting from the conversion of a neutron star to a quark star. Analogous to a supernova heralding the birth of a neutron star, a quark nova signals the creation of a quark star. The term quark-novae was coined in 2002 by Dr. Rachid Ouyed (currently at the University... | Quark-nova | [
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 437 | [
"Supernovae",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Astronomical events",
"Astronomical myths",
"Hypothetical astronomical objects",
"Explosions",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
5,501,781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohobation | In pre-modern chemistry and alchemy, cohobation was the process of repeated distillation of the same matter, with the liquid drawn from it (successive redistillation); that liquid being poured again and again upon the matter left at the bottom of the vessel. Cohobation is a kind of circulation, only differing from it i... | Cohobation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 508 | [
"Separation processes",
"Chemical processes",
"Distillation",
"Alchemical processes",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
5,501,977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-order%20hold | The zero-order hold (ZOH) is a mathematical model of the practical signal reconstruction done by a conventional digital-to-analog converter (DAC). That is, it describes the effect of converting a discrete-time signal to a continuous-time signal by holding each sample value for one sample interval. It has several appli... | Zero-order hold | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 832 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Electrical engineering",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
5,503,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like%20growth%20factor%201%20receptor | The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor is a protein found on the surface of human cells. It is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by a hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and by a related hormone called IGF-2. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors. This receptor ... | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,106 | [
"Tyrosine kinase receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
5,504,630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20repair-deficiency%20disorder | A DNA repair-deficiency disorder is a medical condition due to reduced functionality of DNA repair.
DNA repair defects can cause an accelerated aging disease or an increased risk of cancer, or sometimes both.
DNA repair defects and accelerated aging
DNA repair defects are seen in nearly all of the diseases described... | DNA repair-deficiency disorder | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 998 | [
"DNA repair",
"Senescence",
"DNA replication and repair-deficiency disorders",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Metabolism"
] |
5,504,687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionotropic%20glutamate%20receptor | Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. They mediate the majority of excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the central nervous system and are key players in synaptic plasticity, which is important for learning and memory. iGluRs h... | Ionotropic glutamate receptor | [
"Biology"
] | 497 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein domains",
"Protein classification",
"Membrane proteins"
] |
5,504,842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense%20%28molecular%20biology%29 | In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, sense may have slightly different meanings. For example, the negative-sen... | Sense (molecular biology) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,778 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
5,504,984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal%20year | The legal year, in English law as well as in some other common law jurisdictions, is the calendar during which the judges sit in court. It is traditionally divided into periods called "terms".
Asia
Hong Kong
Hong Kong's legal year is marked as Ceremonial Opening of the Legal Year with an address by the Chief Justice... | Legal year | [
"Physics"
] | 1,214 | [
"Spacetime",
"Calendars",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
13,313,106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysics%20and%20Space%20Science | Astrophysics and Space Science is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering astronomy, astrophysics, and space science and astrophysical aspects of astrobiology. It was established in 1968 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. From 2016 to 2020, the editors-in-chief were both Prof. Elias Bri... | Astrophysics and Space Science | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 205 | [
"Plasma science journals",
"Plasma physics",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics journals",
"Astrophysics",
"Astronomy journal stubs"
] |
13,313,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticking%20coefficient | Sticking coefficient is the term used in surface physics to describe the ratio of the number of adsorbate atoms (or molecules) that adsorb, or "stick", to a surface to the total number of atoms that impinge upon that surface during the same period of time. Sometimes the symbol Sc is used to denote this coefficient, an... | Sticking coefficient | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 566 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Surface science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
13,314,606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untranslated%20region | In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA. If it is found on the 5' side, it is called the 5' UTR (or leader sequence), or if it is found on the 3' side, it is called the 3' UTR (or trailer sequence). mRNA is RNA th... | Untranslated region | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,170 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
13,320,316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozsv%C3%A1th%E2%80%93Sch%C3%BCcking%20metric | The Ozsváth–Schücking metric, or the Ozsváth–Schücking solution, is a vacuum solution of the Einstein field equations. The metric was published by István Ozsváth and Engelbert Schücking in 1962. It is noteworthy among vacuum solutions for being the first known solution that is stationary, globally defined, and singular... | Ozsváth–Schücking metric | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 283 | [
"Exact solutions in general relativity",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
10,832,464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fineness%20ratio | In naval architecture and aerospace engineering, the fineness ratio is the ratio of the length of a body to its maximum width. Shapes that are short and wide have a low fineness ratio, those that are long and narrow have high fineness ratios. Aircraft that spend time at supersonic speeds, e.g. the Concorde, generally h... | Fineness ratio | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 763 | [
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
10,843,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egor%20Popov | Egor Pavlovich Popov (; February 6, 1913 – April 19, 2001) was a structural and seismic engineer who helped transform the design of buildings, structures, and civil engineering around earthquake-prone regions.
A relative of inventor Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Egor Popov was born in Kiev, Russian Empire and after mov... | Egor Popov | [
"Engineering"
] | 320 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Earthquake engineering",
"Civil engineering"
] |
10,844,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite%20Rex | Parasite Rex: Inside the Bizarre World of Nature's Most Dangerous Creatures is a nonfiction book by Carl Zimmer that was published by Free Press in 2000. The book discusses the history of parasites on Earth and how the field and study of parasitology formed, along with a look at the most dangerous parasites ever found ... | Parasite Rex | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,442 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Biochemistry literature"
] |
10,844,989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Methylfentanyl | 3-Methylfentanyl (3-MF, mefentanyl) is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl. 3-Methylfentanyl is one of the most potent opioids, estimated to be between 400 and 6000 times stronger than morphine, depending on which isomer is used (with the cis isomers being the more potent ones).
Overview and history
w... | 3-Methylfentanyl | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 828 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Chemical accident",
"Chemical weapons"
] |
14,476,022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfeiffer%20effect | The Pfeiffer effect is an optical phenomenon whereby the presence of an optically active compound influences the optical rotation of a racemic mixture of a second compound.
Racemic mixtures do not rotate plane polarized light, but the equilibrium concentration of the two enantiomers can shift from unity in the presenc... | Pfeiffer effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 182 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Astrophysics",
"Space",
"Stereochemistry stubs",
"nan",
"Spacetime",
"Polarization (waves)"
] |
14,476,384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20versus%20weight | In common usage, the mass of an object is often referred to as its weight, though these are in fact different concepts and quantities. Nevertheless, one object will always weigh more than another with less mass if both are subject to the same gravity (i.e. the same gravitational field strength).
In scientific contexts... | Mass versus weight | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,818 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Size",
"nan",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
14,477,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHRNA7 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7, also known as nAChRα7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR).
Function
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of a superfamily of... | CHRNA7 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 519 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
14,479,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenic%20system | In classical mechanics, a physical system is termed a monogenic system if the force acting on the system can be modelled in a particular, especially convenient mathematical form. The systems that are typically studied in physics are monogenic. The term was introduced by Cornelius Lanczos in his book The Variational Pri... | Monogenic system | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 313 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Lagrangian mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Hamiltonian mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
14,481,648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binder%20parameter | The Binder parameter or Binder cumulant in statistical physics, also known as the fourth-order cumulant is defined as the kurtosis of the order parameter, s, introduced by Austrian theoretical physicist Kurt Binder. It is frequently used to determine accurately phase transition points in numerical simulations of vario... | Binder parameter | [
"Physics"
] | 212 | [
"Statistical mechanics stubs",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
14,484,306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20mining | In proof theory, a branch of mathematical logic, proof mining (or proof unwinding) is a research program that studies or analyzes formalized proofs, especially in analysis, to obtain explicit bounds, ranges or rates of convergence from proofs that, when expressed in natural language, appear to be nonconstructive.
This ... | Proof mining | [
"Mathematics"
] | 156 | [
"Mathematical logic stubs",
"Mathematical logic",
"Proof theory"
] |
14,485,857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft%20equation | The Taft equation is a linear free energy relationship (LFER) used in physical organic chemistry in the study of reaction mechanisms and in the development of quantitative structure–activity relationships for organic compounds. It was developed by Robert W. Taft in 1952 as a modification to the Hammett equation. Whi... | Taft equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,694 | [
"Equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
1,527,574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotamer | In chemistry, rotamers are chemical species that differ from one another primarily due to rotations about one or more single bonds. Various arrangements of atoms in a molecule that differ by rotation about single bonds can also be referred to as different conformations. Conformers/rotamers differ little in their energ... | Rotamer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,619 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Spacetime"
] |
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