Split (1)

train · 29k rows

id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
51,654	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton	In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a nonlinear, self-reinforcing, localized wave packet that is strongly stable, in that it preserves its shape while propagating freely, at constant velocity, and recovers it even after collisions with other such localized wave packets. Its remarkable stability can be traced to a...	Soliton	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	3,246	[ "Physical phenomena", "Integrable systems", "Chemical engineering", "Theoretical physics", "Classical mechanics", "Waves", "Wave mechanics", "Subatomic particles", "Condensed matter physics", "Piping", "Quasiparticles", "Matter", "Fluid dynamics" ]
51,776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic%20equilibrium	In fluid mechanics, hydrostatic equilibrium (hydrostatic balance, hydrostasy) is the condition of a fluid or plastic solid at rest, which occurs when external forces, such as gravity, are balanced by a pressure-gradient force. In the planetary physics of Earth, the pressure-gradient force prevents gravity from collapsi...	Hydrostatic equilibrium	[ "Physics", "Astronomy", "Engineering" ]	3,110	[ "Definition of planet", "Concepts in astrophysics", "Concepts in astronomy", "Astrophysics", "Civil engineering", "Astronomical controversies", "Astronomical classification systems", "Fluid mechanics" ]
51,784	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map%20projection	In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane. In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. Pr...	Map projection	[ "Mathematics" ]	6,685	[ "Map projections", "Applied mathematics", "Geodesy", "Coordinate systems" ]
51,834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva%20Protocol	The Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, usually called the Geneva Protocol, is a treaty prohibiting the use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflicts. It was signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925 and en...	Geneva Protocol	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,989	[ "Biological warfare", "Chemical weapons demilitarization", "nan", "Chemical weapons" ]
51,836	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20Weapons%20Convention	The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), officially the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, is an arms control treaty administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), an intergovernmental organizati...	Chemical Weapons Convention	[ "Chemistry" ]	4,650	[ "Chemical weapons demilitarization", "nan", "Chemical weapons" ]
5,540,555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotari	The yotari mouse is an autosomal recessive mutant. It has a mutated disabled homolog 1 (Dab1) gene. This mutant mouse is recognized by unstable gait ("Yota-ru" in Japanese means "unstable gait") and tremor and by early deaths around the time of weaning. The cytoarchitectures of cerebellar and cerebral cortices and hipp...	Yotari	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	119	[ "Molecular neuroscience", "Molecular genetics", "Molecular biology" ]
5,540,651	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave%20transmission	Microwave transmission is the transmission of information by electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the microwave frequency range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz (1 m - 1 mm wavelength) of the electromagnetic spectrum. Microwave signals are normally limited to the line of sight, so long-distance transmission using these signa...	Microwave transmission	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,820	[ "Information and communications technology", "Physical phenomena", "Television technology", "Electromagnetic radiation", "Wireless networking", "Computer networks engineering", "Radiation" ]
5,543,013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragone%20plot	A Ragone plot ( ) is a plot used for comparing the energy density of various energy-storing devices. On such a chart the values of specific energy (in W·h/kg) are plotted versus specific power (in W/kg). Both axes are logarithmic, which allows comparing performance of very different devices. Ragone plots can reveal inf...	Ragone plot	[ "Physics" ]	331	[ "Capacitance", "Capacitors", "Physical quantities" ]
5,547,122	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prony%27s%20method	Prony analysis (Prony's method) was developed by Gaspard Riche de Prony in 1795. However, practical use of the method awaited the digital computer. Similar to the Fourier transform, Prony's method extracts valuable information from a uniformly sampled signal and builds a series of damped complex exponentials or damped ...	Prony's method	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	483	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Computer engineering", "Signal processing" ]
5,547,210	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmstedt%E2%80%93Tanasescu%20reaction	The Lehmstedt–Tanasescu reaction is a method in organic chemistry for the organic synthesis of acridone derivatives (3) from a 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (1) and an arene compound (2): The reaction is named after two chemists who devoted part of their careers to research into this synthetic method, the German chemist Kurt Le...	Lehmstedt–Tanasescu reaction	[ "Chemistry" ]	280	[ "Name reactions", "Heterocycle forming reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
5,547,607	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode%20of%20action	In pharmacology and biochemistry, mode of action (MoA) describes a functional or anatomical change, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance. In comparison, a mechanism of action (MOA) describes such changes at the molecular level. A mode of action is important in classifying chemicals, as it re...	Mode of action	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	211	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacodynamics", "Medicinal chemistry stubs", "Medicinal chemistry", "nan", "Biochemistry", "Pharmacology stubs" ]
8,726,320	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20valve	A control valve is a valve used to control fluid flow by varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a signal from a controller. This enables the direct control of flow rate and the consequential control of process quantities such as pressure, temperature, and liquid level. In automatic control terminology, a ...	Control valve	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	2,113	[ "Control devices", "Physical systems", "Control engineering", "Valves", "Hydraulics", "Piping" ]
8,726,682	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etching%20%28microfabrication%29	Etching is used in microfabrication to chemically remove layers from the surface of a wafer during manufacturing. Etching is a critically important process module in fabrication, and every wafer undergoes many etching steps before it is complete. For many etch steps, part of the wafer is protected from the etchant by ...	Etching (microfabrication)	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,879	[ "Microtechnology", "Etching (microfabrication)", "Materials science", "Semiconductor device fabrication", "Semiconductor technology" ]
8,732,068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Holland%20Brewing%20Company	New Holland Brewing Company is an American independent craft brewing and distilling company headquartered in Holland, Michigan. It also owns and operates brewpub-style restaurants and spirits-tasting rooms located across West Michigan. The company's craft-style beer brands Dragon's Milk, Tangerine Space Machine, and sp...	New Holland Brewing Company	[ "Chemistry" ]	409	[ "Distilleries", "Distillation" ]
8,732,281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOR%20method	The GOR method (short for Garnier–Osguthorpe–Robson) is an information theory-based method for the prediction of secondary structures in proteins. It was developed in the late 1970s shortly after the simpler Chou–Fasman method. Like Chou–Fasman, the GOR method is based on probability parameters derived from empirical s...	GOR method	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	864	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Biological engineering", "Protein methods", "Protein biochemistry", "Bioinformatics" ]
2,196,648	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%20hydride	Lithium hydride is an inorganic compound with the formula LiH. This alkali metal hydride is a colorless solid, although commercial samples are grey. Characteristic of a salt-like (ionic) hydride, it has a high melting point, and it is not soluble but reactive with all protic organic solvents. It is soluble and nonreact...	Lithium hydride	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,160	[ "Superbases", "Inorganic compounds", "Reducing agents", "Materials", "Nuclear materials", "Metal hydrides", "Bases (chemistry)", "Matter" ]
2,197,956	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium-232	Thorium-232 () is the main naturally occurring isotope of thorium, with a relative abundance of 99.98%. It has a half life of 14.05 billion years, which makes it the longest-lived isotope of thorium. It decays by alpha decay to radium-228; its decay chain terminates at stable lead-208. Thorium-232 is a fertile materia...	Thorium-232	[ "Chemistry" ]	773	[ "Isotopes of thorium", "Isotopes", "Radionuclides used in radiometric dating" ]
2,199,445	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20train	A gravity train is a theoretical means of transportation for purposes of commuting between two points on the surface of a sphere, by following a straight tunnel connecting the two points through the interior of the sphere. In a large body such as a planet, this train could be left to accelerate using just the force of...	Gravity train	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,346	[ "Mathematical objects", "Differential equations", "Equations", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
14,543,350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA%20synthase	In biochemistry, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase or HMG-CoA synthase is an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction in which acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). This reaction comprises the second step in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. HMG...	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase	[ "Biology" ]	1,013	[ "Protein families", "Protein classification" ]
14,543,886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LPAR3	Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 also known as LPA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LPAR3 gene. LPA3 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Function This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, as well as the EDG fami...	LPAR3	[ "Chemistry" ]	222	[ "G protein-coupled receptors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,544,789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele-epidemiology	Tele-epidemiology is the application of telecommunications to epidemiological research and application, including space-based and internet-based systems. Tele-epidemiology applies satellite communication systems to investigate or support investigations of infectious disease outbreak, including disease reemergence. In ...	Tele-epidemiology	[ "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	1,041	[ "Health informatics", "Epidemiology", "Environmental social science", "Human geography", "Medical technology" ]
14,546,072	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting-point%20depression	This article deals with melting/freezing point depression due to very small particle size. For depression due to the mixture of another compound, see freezing-point depression. Melting-point depression is the phenomenon of reduction of the melting point of a material with a reduction of its size. This phenomenon is v...	Melting-point depression	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,821	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Phases of matter", "Critical phenomena", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter" ]
14,546,804	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace%20ledge%20kink%20model	In chemistry, the terrace ledge kink (TLK) model, which is also referred to as the terrace step kink (TSK) model, describes the thermodynamics of crystal surface formation and transformation, as well as the energetics of surface defect formation. It is based upon the idea that the energy of an atom’s position on a crys...	Terrace ledge kink model	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,167	[ "Thermodynamic models", "Chemical thermodynamics", "Thermodynamics" ]
14,547,147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural%20engineer%20%28PE%29	Architectural Engineer (PE) is a professional engineering designation in the United States. The architectural engineer applies the knowledge and skills of broader engineering disciplines to the design, construction, operation, maintenance, and renovation of buildings and their component systems while paying careful att...	Architectural engineer (PE)	[ "Engineering" ]	856	[ "Building engineering", "Architecture occupations", "Civil engineering", "Architecture" ]
14,547,183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal%20frameshift	Ribosomal frameshifting, also known as translational frameshifting or translational recoding, is a biological phenomenon that occurs during translation that results in the production of multiple, unique proteins from a single mRNA. The process can be programmed by the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA and is sometimes af...	Ribosomal frameshift	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,468	[ "Genetics", "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
14,548,330	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20star%20%28dark%20matter%29	A dark star is a hypothetical type of star that may have existed early in the universe before conventional stars were able to form and thrive. Properties The dark stars would be composed mostly of normal matter, like modern stars, but a high concentration of neutralino dark matter present within them would generate h...	Dark star (dark matter)	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	479	[ "Dark matter", "Black holes", "Unsolved problems in astronomy", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Concepts in astronomy", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Astrophysics", "Dark concepts in astrophysics", "Astronomical objects", "Density", "Astronomical classification systems", "Ex...
17,339,449	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20immunoprecipitation%20chip	RIP-chip (RNA immunoprecipitation chip) is a molecular biology technique which combines RNA immunoprecipitation with a microarray. The purpose of this technique is to identify which RNA sequences interact with a particular RNA binding protein of interest in vivo. It can also be used to determine relative levels of gene...	RNA immunoprecipitation chip	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	888	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Genetics techniques", "Microtechnology", "Microarrays", "Protein methods", "Protein biochemistry", "Genetic engineering", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular biology techniques" ]
17,347,452	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Davies%E2%80%93Mingos%20rules	In organometallic chemistry, the Green–Davies–Mingos rules predict the regiochemistry for nucleophilic addition to 18-electron metal complexes containing multiple unsaturated ligands. The rules were published in 1978 by organometallic chemists Stephen G. Davies, Malcolm Green, and Michael Mingos. They describe how an...	Green–Davies–Mingos rules	[ "Chemistry" ]	709	[ "Reaction mechanisms", "Chemical kinetics", "Physical organic chemistry" ]
331,731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster	Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English, "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. The term stucco refers to pla...	Plaster	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	5,227	[ "Building engineering", "Coatings", "Hydrates", "Architecture", "Construction", "Materials", "Plastering", "Matter", "Building materials" ]
332,090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computably%20enumerable%20set	In computability theory, a set S of natural numbers is called computably enumerable (c.e.), recursively enumerable (r.e.), semidecidable, partially decidable, listable, provable or Turing-recognizable if: There is an algorithm such that the set of input numbers for which the algorithm halts is exactly S. Or, equival...	Computably enumerable set	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,609	[ "Computability theory", "Mathematical logic" ]
332,264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computable%20set	In computability theory, a set of natural numbers is called computable, recursive, or decidable if there is an algorithm which takes a number as input, terminates after a finite amount of time (possibly depending on the given number) and correctly decides whether the number belongs to the set or not. A set which is no...	Computable set	[ "Mathematics" ]	788	[ "Computability theory", "Mathematical logic" ]
333,170	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation%20theorem	The fluctuation theorem (FT), which originated from statistical mechanics, deals with the relative probability that the entropy of a system which is currently away from thermodynamic equilibrium (i.e., maximum entropy) will increase or decrease over a given amount of time. While the second law of thermodynamics predict...	Fluctuation theorem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,937	[ "Theorems in dynamical systems", "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics", "Statistical mechanics theorems", "Theorems in mathematical physics", "Dynamical systems", "Statistical mechanics", "Physics theorems" ]
333,420	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27%20principle	Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics. It was formul...	Archimedes' principle	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	3,679	[ "Force", "Physical quantities", "Chemical engineering", "Quantity", "Mass", "Mathematical objects", "Classical mechanics", "Equations", "Scientific laws", "Piping", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Matter", "Fluid dynamics" ]
333,981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleomorph	Nucleomorphs are small, vestigial eukaryotic nuclei found between the inner and outer pairs of membranes in certain plastids. They are thought to be vestiges of red and green algal nuclei that were engulfed by a larger eukaryote. Because the nucleomorph lies between two sets of membranes, nucleomorphs support the endos...	Nucleomorph	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,437	[ "Plant physiology", "Behavior", "Algae", "Symbiosis", "Plants", "Endosymbiotic events", "Biological interactions", "Microbiology", "Phycology", "Microscopy" ]
333,996	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrametric%20space	In mathematics, an ultrametric space is a metric space in which the triangle inequality is strengthened to for all , , and . Sometimes the associated metric is also called a non-Archimedean metric or super-metric. Formal definition An ultrametric on a set is a real-valued function (where denote the real numbers)...	Ultrametric space	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,166	[ "Mathematical structures", "Space (mathematics)", "Metric spaces" ]
334,290	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralino	In supersymmetry, the neutralino is a hypothetical particle. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), a popular model of realization of supersymmetry at a low energy, there are four neutralinos that are fermions and are electrically neutral, the lightest of which is stable in an R-parity conserved scenario ...	Neutralino	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Astronomy" ]	1,031	[ "Dark matter", "Symmetry", "Unsolved problems in astronomy", "Supersymmetric quantum field theory", "Concepts in astronomy", "Fermions", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Subatomic particles", "Condensed matter physics", "Exotic matter", "Hypothetical elementary particles", "Supersymmetry", "...
334,816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20of%20administration	In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can ...	Route of administration	[ "Chemistry" ]	4,148	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacokinetics", "Products of chemical industry", "Routes of administration", "Chemicals in medicine", "Drugs" ]
334,820	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous%20administration	Subcutaneous administration is the insertion of medications beneath the skin either by injection or infusion. A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. The instruments are usually a hypodermic...	Subcutaneous administration	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,310	[ "Pharmacology", "Routes of administration" ]
334,821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular%20injection	Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle. In medicine, it is one of several methods for parenteral administration of medications. Intramuscular injection may be preferred because muscles have larger and more numerous blood vessels than subcutaneous tissue, leading to ...	Intramuscular injection	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,960	[ "Pharmacology", "Routes of administration" ]
334,955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic%20index	The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. The related terms therapeutic w...	Therapeutic index	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	3,160	[ "Pharmacology", "Life sciences industry", "Pharmacokinetics" ]
3,035,156	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20acceleration	Fermi acceleration, sometimes referred to as diffusive shock acceleration (a subclass of Fermi acceleration), is the acceleration that charged particles undergo when being repeatedly reflected, usually by a magnetic mirror (see also Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration). It receives its name from physicist Enrico Ferm...	Fermi acceleration	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	728	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Acceleration", "Plasma physics", "Quantity", "Fusion power", "Astrophysics", "Classical mechanics", "Motion (physics)", "Radiation", "Dynamics (mechanics)", "Nuclear fusion", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Cosmic rays"...
3,036,126	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vafa%E2%80%93Witten%20theorem	In theoretical physics, the Vafa–Witten theorem, named after Cumrun Vafa and Edward Witten, is a theorem that shows that vector-like global symmetries (those that transform as expected under reflections) such as isospin and baryon number in vector-like gauge theories like quantum chromodynamics cannot be spontaneously ...	Vafa–Witten theorem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	116	[ "Theorems in quantum mechanics", "Equations of physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Theorems in mathematical physics", "Quantum physics stubs", "Physics theorems" ]
11,872,111	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturally%20occurring%20radioactive%20material	Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) consist of materials, usually industrial wastes or by-products enriched with radioactive elements found in the environment, such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay produ...	Naturally occurring radioactive material	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Environmental_science" ]	1,889	[ "Water pollution", "Hazardous waste", "Environmental impact of nuclear power", "Radioactivity", "Radioactive waste" ]
164,321	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20circulation	In fluid dynamics, a secondary circulation or secondary flow is a weak circulation that plays a key maintenance role in sustaining a stronger primary circulation that contains most of the kinetic energy and momentum of a flow. For example, a tropical cyclone's primary winds are tangential (horizontally swirling), but ...	Secondary circulation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	150	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Atmospheric dynamics", "Civil engineering", "Physical oceanography", "Geophysics", "Fluid mechanics", "Fluid dynamics stubs", "Fluid dynamics" ]
164,402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20dipole	In electromagnetism, a magnetic dipole is the limit of either a closed loop of electric current or a pair of poles as the size of the source is reduced to zero while keeping the magnetic moment constant. It is a magnetic analogue of the electric dipole, but the analogy is not perfect. In particular, a true magnetic m...	Magnetic dipole	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	842	[ "Condensed matter physics", "Electric and magnetic fields in matter", "Materials science" ]
164,483	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering	In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass. In conventional use, this also ...	Scattering	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	4,024	[ "Physical phenomena", " absorption and radiative transfer (optics)", "Nuclear physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Scattering", "Atomic physics", "Particle physics", "Condensed matter physics", "Atomic", " molecular", " and optical physics" ]
164,572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipation	In thermodynamics, dissipation is the result of an irreversible process that affects a thermodynamic system. In a dissipative process, energy (internal, bulk flow kinetic, or system potential) transforms from an initial form to a final form, where the capacity of the final form to do thermodynamic work is less than tha...	Dissipation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,016	[ "Physical quantities", "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics", "Thermodynamic processes", "Thermodynamic entropy", "Entropy", "Mechanics", "Thermodynamics", "Statistical mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
164,598	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative%20cooling	In the study of heat transfer, radiative cooling is the process by which a body loses heat by thermal radiation. As Planck's law describes, every physical body spontaneously and continuously emits electromagnetic radiation. Radiative cooling has been applied in various contexts throughout human history, including ice ...	Radiative cooling	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	2,304	[ "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
164,600	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20circulation%20model	A general circulation model (GCM) is a type of climate model. It employs a mathematical model of the general circulation of a planetary atmosphere or ocean. It uses the Navier–Stokes equations on a rotating sphere with thermodynamic terms for various energy sources (radiation, latent heat). These equations are the basi...	General circulation model	[ "Mathematics" ]	4,396	[ "Computational science", "Applied mathematics" ]
164,605	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopotential%20height	Geopotential height or geopotential altitude is a vertical coordinate referenced to Earth's mean sea level (assumed zero geopotential) that represents the work involved in lifting one unit of mass over one unit of length through a hypothetical space in which the acceleration of gravity is assumed constant. In SI units,...	Geopotential height	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	736	[ "Vertical position", "Atmospheric dynamics", "Physical quantities", "Distance", "Fluid dynamics" ]
164,610	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent%20heat	Latent heat (also known as latent energy or heat of transformation) is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process—usually a first-order phase transition, like melting or condensation. Latent heat can be understood as hidden energy which is supplied or extrac...	Latent heat	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	2,280	[ "Thermochemistry", "Physical phenomena", "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
164,631	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber%E2%80%93frequency%20diagram	A wavenumber–frequency diagram is a plot displaying the relationship between the wavenumber (spatial frequency) and the frequency (temporal frequency) of certain phenomena. Usually frequencies are placed on the vertical axis, while wavenumbers are placed on the horizontal axis. In the atmospheric sciences, these plots...	Wavenumber–frequency diagram	[ "Physics" ]	237	[ "Wave mechanics", "Waves", "Physical phenomena", "Classical mechanics" ]
164,633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20science	Atmospheric science is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its various inner-working physical processes. Meteorology includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting. Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climat...	Atmospheric science	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,549	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Fluid dynamics" ]
164,901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-translational%20modification	In molecular biology, post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis. PTMs may involve enzymes or occur spontaneously. Proteins are created by ribosomes, which translate mRNA into polypeptide chains, which may then change to form the mature protein prod...	Post-translational modification	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	3,062	[ "Protein biosynthesis", "Cell biology", "Gene expression", "Biochemical reactions", "Post-translational modification", "Molecular genetics", "Biosynthesis", "Cellular processes", "Structural biology", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Protein structure" ]
164,974	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrography	Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activitie...	Hydrography	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	1,810	[ "Hydrography", "Hydrology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Oceanography", "Environmental engineering" ]
165,067	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt%20steam%20engine	The Watt steam engine design was an invention of James Watt that became synonymous with steam engines during the Industrial Revolution, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design. The first steam engines, introduced by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, were of the "atmospheric...	Watt steam engine	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	4,107	[ "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
165,180	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20configuration%20management	Software configuration management (SCM), a.k.a. software change and configuration management (SCCM), is the software engineering practice of tracking and controlling changes to a software system; part of the larger cross-disciplinary field of configuration management (CM). SCM includes version control and the establi...	Software configuration management	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	835	[ "Systems engineering", "Computer engineering", "Computer standards", "Configuration management", "Software engineering", "Information technology", "IEEE standards" ]
165,423	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion	Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food compounds into small water-soluble components so that they can be absorbed into the blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into...	Digestion	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	6,046	[ "Digestive system", "Organ systems", "Cellular processes", "Biochemistry", "Metabolism" ]
166,010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorticity	In continuum mechanics, vorticity is a pseudovector (or axial vector) field that describes the local spinning motion of a continuum near some point (the tendency of something to rotate), as would be seen by an observer located at that point and traveling along with the flow. It is an important quantity in the dynamical...	Vorticity	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	2,859	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Continuum mechanics", "Chemical engineering", "Quantity", "Classical mechanics", "Rotation", "Meteorological quantities", "Motion (physics)", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
166,084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressibility	In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility or, if the temperature is held constant, the isothermal compressibility) is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change. In its s...	Compressibility	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,584	[ "Thermodynamic properties", "Mechanical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Chemical engineering", "Quantity", "Mechanics", "Thermodynamics", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
166,365	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorticity%20equation	The vorticity equation of fluid dynamics describes the evolution of the vorticity of a particle of a fluid as it moves with its flow; that is, the local rotation of the fluid (in terms of vector calculus this is the curl of the flow velocity). The governing equation is:where is the material derivative operator, is t...	Vorticity equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,115	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Equations of fluid dynamics", "Equations of physics", "Chemical engineering", "Fluid dynamics" ]
166,404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20law%20of%20thermodynamics	The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes. The law distinguishes two principal forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work, that modify a thermodynamic system containing a constant amount of matter. The law also defines the ...	First law of thermodynamics	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	14,298	[ "Equations of physics", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Thermodynamics", "Laws of thermodynamics" ]
13,404,205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstadter%20sequence	In mathematics, a Hofstadter sequence is a member of a family of related integer sequences defined by non-linear recurrence relations. Sequences presented in Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid The first Hofstadter sequences were described by Douglas Richard Hofstadter in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach. In orde...	Hofstadter sequence	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,787	[ "Sequences and series", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Recreational mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
13,406,872	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optical%20spectrometer	An acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) is based on the diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves. A piezoelectric transducer, driven by the RF signal (from the receiver), generates an acoustic wave in a crystal (the so-called Bragg-cell). This acoustic wave modulates the refractive index and induces a phase grating. The ...	Acousto-optical spectrometer	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	216	[ "Spectrometers", "Spectroscopy", "Spectrum (physical sciences)" ]
13,408,015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy%20baryon%20chiral%20perturbation%20theory	Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory (HBChPT) is an effective quantum field theory used to describe the interactions of pions and nucleons/baryons. It is somewhat an extension of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) which just describes the low-energy interactions of pions. In a richer theory one would also like to des...	Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory	[ "Physics" ]	204	[ "Particle physics stubs", "Particle physics" ]
13,409,547	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric%20carbon	In stereochemistry, an asymmetric carbon is a carbon atom that is bonded to four different types of atoms or groups of atoms. The four atoms and/or groups attached to the carbon atom can be arranged in space in two different ways that are mirror images of each other, and which lead to so-called left-handed and right-ha...	Asymmetric carbon	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	470	[ "Spacetime", "Stereochemistry", "Space", "nan" ]
13,409,671	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpan%20water%20system	The Turpan water system, also called the Turfan kārēz system, is used for water supply via a vertical tunnel in the Turpan Depression of Xinjiang, China. "Karez" () is a word in the local Uyghur language that is derived from the word in the Persian language for the system from which it is derived: the 3000-year-old qan...	Turpan water system	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	797	[ "Hydrology", "Water wells", "Irrigation projects", "Environmental engineering", "Water supply" ]
1,000,609	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallasite	Dallasite is a breccia made of subequant to rectangular or distinctly elongate, curvilinear shards that represent the spalled rims of pillow basalt (see: Hyaloclastite). This material is commonly partly altered to chlorite, epidote, quartz and carbonate, for which the local term 'dallasite' has been coined. The stone ...	Dallasite	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	146	[ "Breccias", "Fracture mechanics", "Materials", "Physical objects", "Gemstones", "Rocks", "Matter" ]
1,001,628	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20electronics	Power electronics is the application of electronics to the control and conversion of electric power. The first high-power electronic devices were made using mercury-arc valves. In modern systems, the conversion is performed with semiconductor switching devices such as diodes, thyristors, and power transistors such as ...	Power electronics	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	9,088	[ "Information and communications technology", "Electronic engineering", "Power electronics", "Electronics industry" ]
1,001,846	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trehalose	Trehalose (from Turkish tıgala – a sugar derived from insect cocoons + -ose) is a sugar consisting of two molecules of glucose. It is also known as mycose or tremalose. Some bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrate animals synthesize it as a source of energy, and to survive freezing and lack of water. Extracting treh...	Trehalose	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,979	[ "Organic compounds", "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Carbohydrates", "Carbohydrate chemistry" ]
1,002,128	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%20magnetoresistance	Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in multilayers composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR, which also sets the foundation for the ...	Giant magnetoresistance	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	5,179	[ "Magnetoresistance", "Physical quantities", "Spintronics", "Magnetic ordering", "Condensed matter physics", "Electrical resistance and conductance" ]
1,003,410	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%20transform	S transform as a time–frequency distribution was developed in 1994 for analyzing geophysics data. In this way, the S transform is a generalization of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), extending the continuous wavelet transform and overcoming some of its disadvantages. For one, modulation sinusoids are fixed with...	S transform	[ "Physics" ]	1,515	[ "Frequency-domain analysis", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Time–frequency analysis" ]
1,004,486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacogenomics	Pharmacogenomics, often abbreviated "PGx," is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. Its name (pharmaco- + genomics) reflects its combining of pharmacology and genomics. Pharmacogenomics analyzes how the genetic makeup of a patient affects their response to drugs. It deals with the influence of acquired ...	Pharmacogenomics	[ "Chemistry" ]	5,756	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacogenomics", "Medicinal chemistry", "Pharmacy" ]
1,004,679	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needleman%E2%80%93Wunsch%20algorithm	The Needleman–Wunsch algorithm is an algorithm used in bioinformatics to align protein or nucleotide sequences. It was one of the first applications of dynamic programming to compare biological sequences. The algorithm was developed by Saul B. Needleman and Christian D. Wunsch and published in 1970. The algorithm esse...	Needleman–Wunsch algorithm	[ "Biology" ]	3,779	[ "Genetics techniques", "Computational phylogenetics", "Bioinformatics algorithms", "Bioinformatics", "Phylogenetics" ]
9,402,865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20thermal%20conductivities	In heat transfer, the thermal conductivity of a substance, k, is an intensive property that indicates its ability to conduct heat. For most materials, the amount of heat conducted varies (usually non-linearly) with temperature. Thermal conductivity is often measured with laser flash analysis. Alternative measurements...	List of thermal conductivities	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,079	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Heat transfer", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Thermodynamics", "nan", "Heat conduction", "Physical properties", "Dynamical systems" ]
9,403,552	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situated%20robotics	In artificial intelligence and cognitive science, the term situated refers to an agent which is embedded in an environment. In this used, the term is used to refer to robots, but some researchers argue that software agents can also be situated if: they exist in a dynamic (rapidly changing) environment, which they ca...	Situated robotics	[ "Engineering" ]	187	[ "Robotics", "Automation" ]
9,407,202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dockominium	A dockominium is the water-based version of a condominium; rather than owning an apartment in a building, one owns a boat slip on the water. The term is a portmanteau of "dock" and "condominium." In addition to the exclusive right to use the boat slip, ownership also provides one with the right to use the common elemen...	Dockominium	[ "Engineering" ]	439	[ "Construction", "Coastal construction" ]
9,409,080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%20protein-coupled%20receptor%20kinase%202	G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADRBK1 gene. GRK2 was initially called Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARK or βARK1), and is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinases that is most highly similar to GRK3(βARK2). ...	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	[ "Chemistry" ]	832	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
9,411,116	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement%20control%20protein	Complement control proteins are proteins that interact with components of the complement system. The complement system is tightly regulated by a network of proteins known as "regulators of complement activation (RCA)" that help distinguish target cells as "self" or "non-self." A subset of this family of proteins, co...	Complement control protein	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,481	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
9,412,979	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushforward%20measure	In measure theory, a pushforward measure (also known as push forward, push-forward or image measure) is obtained by transferring ("pushing forward") a measure from one measurable space to another using a measurable function. Definition Given measurable spaces and , a measurable mapping and a measure , the pushforwar...	Pushforward measure	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,039	[ "Measures (measure theory)", "Quantity", "Physical quantities", "Size" ]
4,153,106	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%20arm	The T-arm or T-loop is a specialized region on the tRNA molecule which acts as a special recognition site for the ribosome to form a tRNA-ribosome complex during protein biosynthesis or translation (biology). The T-arm has two components to it; the T-stem and the T-loop. The T-stem consists of a series of paired nucl...	T arm	[ "Chemistry" ]	303	[ "Protein biosynthesis", "Gene expression", "Biosynthesis" ]
4,153,112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micromagnetics	Micromagnetics is a field of physics dealing with the prediction of magnetic behaviors at sub-micrometer length scales. The length scales considered are large enough for the atomic structure of the material to be ignored (the continuum approximation), yet small enough to resolve magnetic structures such as domain walls...	Micromagnetics	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,977	[ "Electric and magnetic fields in matter", "Materials science", "Magnetic ordering", "Mechanics", "Condensed matter physics", "Dynamical systems" ]
4,153,139	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptoregiochemistry	Cryptoregiochemistry refers to the site of initial oxidative attack in double bond formation by enzymes such as fatty acid desaturases. This is a mechanistic parameter that is usually determined through the use of kinetic isotope effect experiments, based on the premise that the initial C-H bond cleavage step should be...	Cryptoregiochemistry	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	97	[ "Chemical reaction engineering", "Stereochemistry", "Space", "Stereochemistry stubs", "nan", "Spacetime", "Chemical kinetics" ]
4,154,187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmogenic%20nuclide	Cosmogenic nuclides (or cosmogenic isotopes) are rare nuclides (isotopes) created when a high-energy cosmic ray interacts with the nucleus of an in situ Solar System atom, causing nucleons (protons and neutrons) to be expelled from the atom (see cosmic ray spallation). These nuclides are produced within Earth materials...	Cosmogenic nuclide	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,407	[ "Concepts in astrophysics", "Nuclear chemistry", "Environmental isotopes", "Astrophysics", "Nuclear technology", "Isotopes", "Radiometric dating", "nan", "Nuclear physics", "Radioactivity" ]
4,154,507	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20brush	In materials science, a polymer brush is the name given to a surface coating consisting of polymers tethered to a surface. The brush may be either in a solvated state, where the tethered polymer layer consists of polymer and solvent, or in a melt state, where the tethered chains completely fill up the space available. ...	Polymer brush	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	624	[ "Soft matter", "Materials science", "Surface science", "Condensed matter physics", "Polymer chemistry" ]
4,156,844	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular%20physiology	Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the cardiovascular system, specifically addressing the physiology of the heart ("cardio") and blood vessels ("vascular"). These subjects are sometimes addressed separately, under the names cardiac physiology and circulatory physiology. Although the different aspects of cardio...	Cardiovascular physiology	[ "Biology" ]	523	[ "Organ systems", "Circulatory system" ]
4,157,248	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinyl%20coenzyme%20A%20synthetase	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase (SCS, also known as succinyl-CoA synthetase or succinate thiokinase or succinate-CoA ligase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction of succinyl-CoA to succinate. The enzyme facilitates the coupling of this reaction to the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate molecule (eith...	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,888	[ "Biochemistry", "Metabolism", "Cellular processes" ]
4,157,363	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellated%20truncated%20hexahedron	In geometry, the stellated truncated hexahedron (or quasitruncated hexahedron, and stellatruncated cube) is a uniform star polyhedron, indexed as U19. It has 14 faces (8 triangles and 6 octagrams), 36 edges, and 24 vertices. It is represented by Schläfli symbol t'{4,3} or t{4/3,3}, and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, . It is s...	Stellated truncated hexahedron	[ "Physics" ]	232	[ "Uniform polytopes", "Uniform polyhedra", "Symmetry" ]
4,157,674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20snub%20dodecicosidodecahedron	In geometry, the great snub dodecicosidodecahedron (or great snub dodekicosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U64. It has 104 faces (80 triangles and 24 pentagrams), 180 edges, and 60 vertices. It has Coxeter diagram . It has the unusual feature that its 24 pentagram faces occur in 12 coplanar...	Great snub dodecicosidodecahedron	[ "Physics" ]	440	[ "Uniform polytopes", "Uniform polyhedra", "Symmetry" ]
4,159,367	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briggs%E2%80%93Rauscher%20reaction	The Briggs–Rauscher oscillating reaction is one of a small number of known oscillating chemical reactions. It is especially well suited for demonstration purposes because of its visually striking colour changes: the freshly prepared colourless solution slowly turns an amber colour, then suddenly changes to a very dark ...	Briggs–Rauscher reaction	[ "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	2,319	[ "Clock reactions", "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics", "Name reactions", "Chemical kinetics", "Dynamical systems" ]
4,160,503	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Float%20switch	A float switch is a type of level sensor, a device used to detect the level of liquid within a tank. The switch may be used to control a pump, as an indicator, an alarm, or to control other devices. One type of float switch uses a mercury switch inside a hinged float. Another common type is a float that raises a rod t...	Float switch	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	488	[ "Pumps", "Turbomachinery", "Chemical engineering", "Measuring instruments", "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Mechanical engineering", "Piping", "Sensors", "Mechanisms (engineering)", "Fluid dynamics" ]
4,160,674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sight%20glass	A sight glass or water gauge is a type of level sensor, a transparent tube through which the operator of a tank or boiler can observe the level of liquid contained within. Liquid in tanks Simple sight glasses may be just a plastic or glass tube connected to the bottom of the tank at one end and the top of the tank at ...	Sight glass	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,602	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Volumetric instruments", "Mechanical engineering", "Measuring instruments" ]
16,079,692	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage%20treatment	Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution fro...	Sewage treatment	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	8,920	[ "Water treatment", "Chemical engineering", "Sewerage infrastructure", "Pollution control technologies", "Water pollution", "Sewerage", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering" ]
16,080,632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford%20Research%20Foundation	Bedford Research Foundation is a non-profit Institute that conducts stem cell research for diseases and conditions that currently have no known cure. The institute also created the Special Program of Assisted Reproduction (SPAR), a program that assists serodiscordant couples successfully achieve pregnancy. Dr. Ann Kies...	Bedford Research Foundation	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	718	[ "Translational medicine", "Tissue engineering", "Stem cell research" ]
16,081,202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20graph	In graph theory, a string graph is an intersection graph of curves in the plane; each curve is called a "string". Given a graph , is a string graph if and only if there exists a set of curves, or strings, such that the graph having a vertex for each curve and an edge for each intersecting pair of curves is isomorphic ...	String graph	[ "Mathematics" ]	755	[ "Graph theory", "Computational problems", "Topology", "Mathematical relations", "Mathematical problems", "Topological graph theory", "NP-complete problems" ]
16,085,319	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber%20toughening	Rubber toughening is a process in which rubber nanoparticles are interspersed within a polymer matrix to increase the mechanical robustness, or toughness, of the material. By "toughening" a polymer it is meant that the ability of the polymeric substance to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracture is increa...	Rubber toughening	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	4,261	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Materials science", "Polymer chemistry", "nan", "Polymers", "Amorphous solids", "Plastics" ]
16,085,364	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms%20involved%20in%20water%20purification	Most organisms involved in water purification originate from the waste, wastewater or water stream itself or arrive as resting spore of some form from the atmosphere. In a very few cases, mostly associated with constructed wetlands, specific organisms are planted to maximise the efficiency of the process. Role of biot...	Organisms involved in water purification	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	1,547	[ "Water treatment", "Water pollution", "Sewerage", "Anaerobic digestion", "Environmental engineering", "Water technology" ]
16,085,921	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Environmental%20Engineering%20Research%20Institute	The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in Nagpur was originally established in 1958 as the Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI). It has been described as the "premier and oldest institute in India." It is an institution listed on the Integrated Government Online Direc...	National Environmental Engineering Research Institute	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,007	[ "Chemical engineering", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering" ]
593,680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20process%20control	Statistical process control (SPC) or statistical quality control (SQC) is the application of statistical methods to monitor and control the quality of a production process. This helps to ensure that the process operates efficiently, producing more specification-conforming products with less waste scrap. SPC can be appl...	Statistical process control	[ "Engineering" ]	2,348	[ "Statistical process control", "Engineering statistics" ]
593,693	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20%28geometry%29	In geometry, a point is an abstract idealization of an exact position, without size, in physical space, or its generalization to other kinds of mathematical spaces. As zero-dimensional objects, points are usually taken to be the fundamental indivisible elements comprising the space, of which one-dimensional curves, two...	Point (geometry)	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,370	[ "Point (geometry)" ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.