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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
594,336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20proliferation	Cell proliferation is the process by which a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells. Cell proliferation leads to an exponential increase in cell number and is therefore a rapid mechanism of tissue growth. Cell proliferation requires both cell growth and cell division to occur at the same time, such that...	Cell proliferation	[ "Biology" ]	510	[ "Cellular processes" ]
594,682	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compactly%20generated%20group	In mathematics, a compactly generated (topological) group is a topological group G which is algebraically generated by one of its compact subsets. This should not be confused with the unrelated notion (widely used in algebraic topology) of a compactly generated space -- one whose topology is generated (in a suitable se...	Compactly generated group	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	210	[ "Space (mathematics)", "Topological spaces", "Topology stubs", "Topology", "Space", "Geometry", "Topological groups", "Spacetime" ]
594,874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoionization	Autoionization is a process by which an atom or a molecule in an excited state spontaneously emits one of the outer-shell electrons, thus going from a state with charge to a state with charge , for example from an electrically neutral state to a singly ionized state. Autoionizing states are usually short-lived, and ...	Autoionization	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	703	[ " and optical physics stubs", "Quantum chemistry stubs", "Quantum chemistry", "Molecular physics", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", " molecular", "Atomic physics", "nan", "Atomic", "Molecular physics stubs", "Physical chemistry stubs", " and opti...
595,145	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%20distillation	Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids). The method may involve pyrolysis or thermolysis, or it may not (for instance, a simple mixture of ice and glass could be separated without breaking any chemical bonds, but organic matter contains ...	Dry distillation	[ "Chemistry" ]	997	[ "Separation processes", "Pyrolysis", "Oil shale technology", "Organic reactions", "Distillation", "Synthetic fuel technologies" ]
595,428	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File%20verification	File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file, usually by checksum. This can be done by comparing two files bit-by-bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files. A more popular approach is to gen...	File verification	[ "Engineering" ]	741	[ "Error detection and correction", "Reliability engineering" ]
1,556,672	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidic%20acid	Phosphatidic acids are anionic phospholipids important to cell signaling and direct activation of lipid-gated ion channels. Hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid gives rise to one molecule each of glycerol and phosphoric acid and two molecules of fatty acids. They constitute about 0.25% of phospholipids in the bilayer. Stru...	Phosphatidic acid	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,781	[ "Natural products", "Signal transduction", "Organic compounds", "Biomolecules", "Structural biology", "Biochemistry", "Neurochemistry", "Molecular biology" ]
1,557,358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20knot	In chemistry, a molecular knot is a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture that is analogous to a macroscopic knot. Naturally-forming molecular knots are found in organic molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins. It is not certain that naturally occurring knots are evolutionarily advantageous to nucleic acids or ...	Molecular knot	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	1,139	[ "Organic compounds", "Molecular topology", "Macrocycles", "Topology", "nan", "Nanotechnology", "Supramolecular chemistry" ]
1,557,416	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case-hardening	Case-hardening or carburization is the process of introducing carbon to the surface of a low-carbon iron, or more commonly a low-carbon steel object, in order to harden the surface. Iron which has a carbon content greater than ~0.02% is known as steel. Steel which has a carbon content greater than ~0.25% can be direct...	Case-hardening	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,025	[ "Metallurgical processes", "Metal heat treatments" ]
1,557,503	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake-on-ring	Wake-on-Ring (WOR) or Wake-on-Modem (WOM) is a specification that allows supported computers and devices to "wake up" or turn on from a sleeping, hibernating or "soft off" state (e.g. ACPI state G1 or G2), and begin operation. The basic premise is that a special signal is sent over phone lines to the computer throug...	Wake-on-ring	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	207	[ "Networking standards", "Computing stubs", "Computer standards", "Computer networks engineering" ]
1,557,574	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation%20genetics	Conservation genetics is an interdisciplinary subfield of population genetics that aims to understand the dynamics of genes in a population for the purpose of natural resource management, conservation of genetic diversity, and the prevention of species extinction. Scientists involved in conservation genetics come from ...	Conservation genetics	[ "Biology" ]	2,832	[ "Conservation biology" ]
1,557,634	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional%20formula	In propositional logic, a propositional formula is a type of syntactic formula which is well formed. If the values of all variables in a propositional formula are given, it determines a unique truth value. A propositional formula may also be called a propositional expression, a sentence, or a sentential formula. A pro...	Propositional formula	[ "Mathematics" ]	15,189	[ "Boolean algebra", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Mathematical logic", "Logical expressions" ]
1,557,789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longeron	In engineering, a longeron or stringer is a load-bearing component of a framework. The term is commonly used in connection with aircraft fuselages and automobile chassis. Longerons are used in conjunction with stringers to form structural frameworks. Aircraft In an aircraft fuselage, stringers are attached to forme...	Longeron	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	482	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
1,558,208	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural%20wastewater%20treatment	Agricultural wastewater treatment is a farm management agenda for controlling pollution from confined animal operations and from surface runoff that may be contaminated by chemicals in fertilizer, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation water. Agricultural wastewater treatment is required for continuous ...	Agricultural wastewater treatment	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	2,075	[ "Environmental engineering", "Waste treatment technology", "Water treatment", "Water pollution" ]
1,558,218	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20wastewater%20treatment	Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facil...	Industrial wastewater treatment	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	6,740	[ "Water treatment", "Water pollution", "Sewerage", "Environmental engineering", "Waste treatment technology" ]
1,558,612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel%28II%29%20chloride	Nickel(II) chloride (or just nickel chloride) is the chemical compound NiCl2. The anhydrous salt is yellow, but the more familiar hydrate NiCl2·6H2O is green. Nickel(II) chloride, in various forms, is the most important source of nickel for chemical synthesis. The nickel chlorides are deliquescent, absorbing moisture ...	Nickel(II) chloride	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,323	[ "Chlorides", "Inorganic compounds", "Coordination complexes", "Coordination chemistry", "Salts", "Metal halides" ]
1,559,901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20motion	In orbital mechanics, mean motion (represented by n) is the angular speed required for a body to complete one orbit, assuming constant speed in a circular orbit which completes in the same time as the variable speed, elliptical orbit of the actual body. The concept applies equally well to a small body revolving about ...	Mean motion	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	1,277	[ "Concepts in astronomy", "Equations of astronomy" ]
1,559,922	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft%20flight%20dynamics	Spacecraft flight dynamics is the application of mechanical dynamics to model how the external forces acting on a space vehicle or spacecraft determine its flight path. These forces are primarily of three types: propulsive force provided by the vehicle's engines; gravitational force exerted by the Earth and other celes...	Spacecraft flight dynamics	[ "Engineering" ]	6,169	[ "Astrodynamics", "Aerospace engineering" ]
1,560,117	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20bond	In chemistry, a delta bond (δ bond) is a covalent chemical bond, in which four lobes of an atomic orbital on one atom overlap four lobes of an atomic orbital on another atom. This overlap leads to the formation of a bonding molecular orbital with two nodal planes which contain the internuclear axis and go through both ...	Delta bond	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	365	[ "Chemical bonding", "Condensed matter physics", "nan" ]
1,561,268	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20membrane	An artificial membrane, or synthetic membrane, is a synthetically created membrane which is usually intended for separation purposes in laboratory or in industry. Synthetic membranes have been successfully used for small and large-scale industrial processes since the middle of the twentieth century. A wide variety of s...	Synthetic membrane	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	2,684	[ "Separation processes", "Chemical equipment", "Membrane technology", "Filtration", "nan" ]
14,552,225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookfield%20Engineering	Brookfield Engineering is an engineering and manufacturing company with headquarters in Middleboro, Massachusetts. It is a subsidiary of the conglomerate Ametek. Its product line includes laboratory viscometers, rheometers, texture analyzers, and powder flow testers as well as in-line process instrumentation. These i...	Brookfield Engineering	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	528	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Viscosity", "Physical properties", "Rheology", "Fluid dynamics" ]
14,552,970	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranski%E2%80%93Krastanov%20growth	Stranski–Krastanov growth (SK growth, also Stransky–Krastanov or 'Stranski–Krastanow') is one of the three primary modes by which thin films grow epitaxially at a crystal surface or interface. Also known as 'layer-plus-island growth', the SK mode follows a two step process: initially, complete films of adsorbates, up t...	Stranski–Krastanov growth	[ "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	2,448	[ "Nanotechnology", "Planes (geometry)", "Thin films", "Materials science" ]
14,557,176	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preisach%20model%20of%20hysteresis	In electromagnetism, the Preisach model of hysteresis is a model of magnetic hysteresis. Originally, it generalized hysteresis as the relationship between the magnetic field and magnetization of a magnetic material as the parallel connection of independent relay hysterons. It was first suggested in 1935 by Ferenc (Fran...	Preisach model of hysteresis	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,063	[ "Physical phenomena", "Hysteresis", "Magnetic hysteresis", "Materials science" ]
14,559,306	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InXitu	inXitu was a company based in Mountain View, California, which developed portable X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis instruments. The company name was a combination of the terms in situ and X-ray, portraying the company's dedication to developing X-ray instruments that could be easily transpo...	InXitu	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	397	[ "Luminescence", "Fluorescence", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Diffraction", "Crystallography", "Spectroscopy" ]
14,564,979	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonic%20flight	Hypersonic flight is flight through the atmosphere below altitudes of about at speeds greater than Mach 5, a speed where dissociation of air begins to become significant and high heat loads exist. Speeds over Mach 25 have been achieved below the thermosphere as of 2020. Hypersonic vehicles are able to maneuver thro...	Hypersonic flight	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	6,162	[ "Physical quantities", "Aerodynamics", "Airspeed", "Aerospace engineering", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Fluid dynamics" ]
17,351,973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20clock	In chemistry, a radical clock is a chemical compound that assists in the indirect methodology to determine the kinetics of a free-radical reaction. The radical-clock compound itself reacts at a known rate, which provides a calibration for determining the rate of another reaction. Many organic mechanisms involve interm...	Radical clock	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	974	[ "Chemical reaction engineering", "Free radicals", "Senescence", "Biomolecules", "Chemical kinetics" ]
17,353,312	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement%20render	Cement render or cement plaster is the application of a mortar mix of sand and cement, (optionally lime) and water to brick, concrete, stone, or mud brick. It is often textured, colored, or painted after application. It is generally used on exterior walls but can be used to feature an interior wall. Depending on the 'l...	Cement render	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,110	[ "Building engineering", "Coatings", "Architecture", "Construction", "Materials", "Plastering", "Matter", "Building materials" ]
17,354,429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium%20nitrate	Caesium nitrate or cesium nitrate is a salt with the chemical formula CsNO3. An alkali metal nitrate, it is used in pyrotechnic compositions, as a colorant and an oxidizer, e.g. in decoys and illumination flares. The caesium emissions are chiefly due to two powerful spectral lines at 852.113 nm and 894.347 nm. Caesium...	Caesium nitrate	[ "Chemistry" ]	222	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Oxidizing agents", "Inorganic compound stubs", "Nitrates", "Salts" ]
17,355,301	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20confinement	In plasma physics, plasma confinement refers to the act of maintaining a plasma in a discrete volume. Confining plasma is required in order to achieve fusion power. There are two major approaches to confinement: magnetic confinement and inertial confinement. References Plasma technology and applications Fusion power	Plasma confinement	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	57	[ "Plasma physics", "Plasma technology and applications", "Fusion power", "Plasma physics stubs", "Nuclear fusion" ]
17,356,800	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base%20disorder	Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is n...	Acid–base disorder	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	943	[ "Acid–base physiology", "Human homeostasis", "Equilibrium chemistry", "Homeostasis", "Acid–base disturbances" ]
17,359,213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20semigroup	In mathematics, a topological semigroup is a semigroup that is simultaneously a topological space, and whose semigroup operation is continuous. Every topological group is a topological semigroup. See also References Topological algebra Topological groups	Topological semigroup	[ "Mathematics" ]	44	[ "Algebra stubs", "Space (mathematics)", "Topological spaces", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Topology", "Topology stubs", "Topological groups", "Topological algebra", "Algebra" ]
17,359,307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratopological%20group	In mathematics, a paratopological group is a topological semigroup that is algebraically a group. In other words, it is a group G with a topology such that the group's product operation is a continuous function from G × G to G. This differs from the definition of a topological group in that the group inverse is not re...	Paratopological group	[ "Mathematics" ]	103	[ "Space (mathematics)", "Topological spaces", "Topology stubs", "Topology", "Topological groups" ]
10,916,602	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Llewellyn%20Smith	Sir Christopher Hubert Llewellyn Smith (born 19 November 1942) is an Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford. Education Llewellyn Smith was educated at the University of Oxford (BA) and completed his Doctor of Philosophy degree in theoretical physics at New College, Oxford in 1967. Career and resea...	Christopher Llewellyn Smith	[ "Physics" ]	452	[ "Experimental physics", "Particle physics", "Experimental particle physics" ]
10,916,658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20transformer%20driver	A linear transformer driver (LTD) within physics and energy, is an annular parallel connection of switches and capacitors. The driver is designed to deliver rapid high power pulses. The LTD was invented at the Institute of High Current Electronics (IHCE) in Tomsk, Russia. The LTD is capable of producing high current pu...	Linear transformer driver	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	487	[ "Force", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Power (physics)", "Energy (physics)", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
10,917,170	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropic%20quadratic%20form	In mathematics, a quadratic form over a field F is said to be isotropic if there is a non-zero vector on which the form evaluates to zero. Otherwise it is a definite quadratic form. More explicitly, if q is a quadratic form on a vector space V over F, then a non-zero vector v in V is said to be isotropic if . A quadrat...	Isotropic quadratic form	[ "Mathematics" ]	875	[ "Quadratic forms", "Number theory" ]
10,921,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoscape	Cytoscape is an open source bioinformatics software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks and integrating with gene expression profiles and other state data. Additional features are available as plugins. Plugins are available for network and molecular profiling analyses, new layouts, additional file f...	Cytoscape	[ "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	498	[ "Mathematical and theoretical biology", "Bioinformatics software", "Applied mathematics", "Bioinformatics", "Systems biology" ]
5,556,198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trp%20operon	The trp operon''' is a group of genes that are transcribed together, encoding the enzymes that produce the amino acid tryptophan in bacteria. The trp operon was first characterized in Escherichia coli, and it has since been discovered in many other bacteria. The operon is regulated so that, when tryptophan is present i...	Trp operon	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,383	[ "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Operons" ]
8,737,421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series%20acceleration	In mathematics, a series acceleration method is any one of a collection of sequence transformations for improving the rate of convergence of a series. Techniques for series acceleration are often applied in numerical analysis, where they are used to improve the speed of numerical integration. Series acceleration techni...	Series acceleration	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,342	[ "Sequences and series", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical structures", "Summability methods", "Computational mathematics", "Quantum mechanics", "Mathematical relations", "Asymptotic analysis", "Numerical analysis", "Approximations", "Perturbation theory" ]
8,740,164	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Astronomy	Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Astrology to the Moon Landing "Hoax" is a non-fiction book by the American astronomer Phil Plait, who is also known as "the Bad Astronomer". The book was published in 2002 and deals with various misunderstandings about space and astronomy, such as sounds being au...	Bad Astronomy	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,413	[ "Astronomy books", "Works about astronomy" ]
8,743,406	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner-Jauregg%20reaction	The Wagner-Jauregg reaction is a classic organic reaction in organic chemistry, named after (son of Julius Wagner-Jauregg), describing the double Diels–Alder reaction of 2 equivalents of maleic anhydride with a 1,1-diarylethylene. After aromatization of the bis-adduct, the ultimate reaction product is a naphthalene co...	Wagner-Jauregg reaction	[ "Chemistry" ]	267	[ "Name reactions", "Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
11,882,145	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hfq%20protein	The Hfq protein (also known as HF-I protein) encoded by the hfq gene was discovered in 1968 as an Escherichia coli host factor that was essential for replication of the bacteriophage Qβ. It is now clear that Hfq is an abundant bacterial RNA binding protein which has many important physiological roles that are usually m...	Hfq protein	[ "Chemistry" ]	804	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
11,883,272	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin-binding%20EGF-like%20growth%20factor	Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the HBEGF gene. HB-EGF-like growth factor is synthesized as a membrane-anchored mitogenic and chemotactic glycoprotein. An epidermal growth factor produced by monocytes and macrophages, due to an affi...	Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,227	[ "Growth factors", "Morphogens", "Induced stem cells", "Signal transduction" ]
11,884,960	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensin	Extensins are a family of flexuous, rodlike, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) of the plant cell wall. They are highly abundant proteins. There are around 20 extensins in Arabidopsis thaliana. They form crosslinked networks in the young cell wall. Typically they have two major diagnostic repetitive peptide mo...	Extensin	[ "Chemistry" ]	431	[ "Glycoproteins", "Glycobiology" ]
11,885,926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20velocity	In continuum mechanics the flow velocity in fluid dynamics, also macroscopic velocity in statistical mechanics, or drift velocity in electromagnetism, is a vector field used to mathematically describe the motion of a continuum. The length of the flow velocity vector is scalar, the flow speed. It is also called velocity...	Flow velocity	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	532	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Chemical engineering", "Motion (physics)", "Vector physical quantities", "Piping", "Velocity", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Fluid dynamics" ]
11,887,250	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20magnetic%20field	A stellar magnetic field is a magnetic field generated by the motion of conductive plasma inside a star. This motion is created through convection, which is a form of energy transport involving the physical movement of material. A localized magnetic field exerts a force on the plasma, effectively increasing the pressur...	Stellar magnetic field	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	2,495	[ "Concepts in astrophysics", "Concepts in stellar astronomy", "Magnetism in astronomy", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Stellar astronomy" ]
11,887,815	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postreplication%20repair	Postreplication repair is the repair of damage to the DNA that takes place after replication. Some example genes in humans include: BRCA2 and BRCA1 BLM NBS1 Accurate and efficient DNA replication is crucial for the health and survival of all living organisms. Under optimal conditions, the replicative DNA polymera...	Postreplication repair	[ "Biology" ]	616	[ "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "DNA repair" ]
11,890,087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsometer%20pump	The Pulsometer steam pump is a pistonless pump which was patented in 1872 by American Charles Henry Hall. In 1875 a British engineer bought the patent rights of the Pulsometer and it was introduced to the market soon thereafter. The invention was inspired by the Savery steam pump invented by Thomas Savery. Around the...	Pulsometer pump	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	823	[ "Pumps", "Physical quantities", "Turbomachinery", "Steam power", "Physical systems", "Power (physics)", "Hydraulics" ]
11,890,372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SahysMod	SahysMod is a computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge in irrigated agricultural lands, using different hydrogeologic and aquifer conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground wa...	SahysMod	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	4,208	[ "Hydrology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Biological models", "Environmental chemistry", "Soil physics", "Soil chemistry", "Hydrology models", "nan", "Environmental soil science", "Environmental modelling", "Hydrogeology" ]
11,890,691	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart%E2%80%93Tolman%20effect	The Stewart–Tolman effect is a phenomenon in electrodynamics caused by the finite mass of electrons in conducting metal, or, more generally, the finite mass of charge carriers in an electrical conductor. It is named after T. Dale Stewart and Richard C. Tolman, two American physicists who carried out their experimental...	Stewart–Tolman effect	[ "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	240	[ "Electrodynamics", "Materials science stubs", "Electromagnetism stubs", "Dynamical systems" ]
2,201,259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic%20coefficient	In ballistics, the ballistic coefficient (BC, C) of a body is a measure of its ability to overcome air resistance in flight. It is inversely proportional to the negative acceleration: a high number indicates a low negative acceleration—the drag on the body is small in proportion to its mass. BC can be expressed with th...	Ballistic coefficient	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	5,336	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Aerodynamics", "Aerospace engineering", "Ballistics", "Fluid dynamics" ]
2,201,417	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk%20density	In materials science, bulk density, also called apparent density, is a material property defined as the mass of the many particles of the material divided by the bulk volume. Bulk volume is defined as the total volume the particles occupy, including particle's own volume, inter-particle void volume, and the particles'...	Bulk density	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	749	[ "Mechanical quantities", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical quantities", "Mass", "Soil physics", "Intensive quantities", "Volume-specific quantities", "Particulates", "Density", "Particle technology", "Mass density", "Matter" ]
2,201,758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tishchenko%20reaction	The Tishchenko reaction is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide. The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alkoxides are effective catalysts for the reaction. In the related Cannizzaro...	Tishchenko reaction	[ "Chemistry" ]	961	[ "Name reactions", "Organic redox reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
2,203,789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplified%20fragment%20length%20polymorphism	Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP-PCR or AFLP) is a PCR-based tool used in genetics research, DNA fingerprinting, and in the practice of genetic engineering. Developed in the early 1990s by Pieter Vos, AFLP uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA, followed by ligation of adaptors to the sticky ends of...	Amplified fragment length polymorphism	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	824	[ "Biochemistry", "Genetics techniques", "DNA profiling techniques", "Molecular biology" ]
2,204,768	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renninger%20negative-result%20experiment	In quantum mechanics, the Renninger negative-result experiment is a thought experiment that illustrates some of the difficulties of understanding the nature of wave function collapse and measurement in quantum mechanics. The statement is that a particle need not be detected in order for a quantum measurement to occur,...	Renninger negative-result experiment	[ "Physics" ]	1,589	[ "Quantum measurement", "Quantum mechanics", "Thought experiments in quantum mechanics" ]
13,413,238	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20wireless	Optical wireless is the combined use of "optical" (optical fibre) and "wireless" (radio frequency) communication to provide telecommunication to clusters of end points which are geographically distant. The high capacity optical fibre is used to span the longest distances. A lower cost wireless link carries the signal f...	Optical wireless	[ "Engineering" ]	94	[ "Optical communications", "Wireless", "Telecommunications engineering" ]
13,413,355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral%20fat	Neutral fats, also known as true fats, are simple lipids that are produced by the dehydration synthesis of one or more fatty acids with an alcohol like glycerol. Neutral fats are also known as triacylglycerols, these lipids are dense as well as hydrophobic due to their long carbon chain and are there main function is t...	Neutral fat	[ "Chemistry" ]	350	[ "Organic compounds", "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Lipids" ]
13,414,189	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated%20X-ray%20inspection	Automated inspection (AXI) is a technology based on the same principles as automated optical inspection (AOI). It uses as its source, instead of visible light, to automatically inspect features, which are typically hidden from view. Automated X-ray inspection is used in a wide range of industries and applications, ...	Automated X-ray inspection	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,347	[ "X-rays", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Electronic engineering", "Electrical engineering", "Printed circuit board manufacturing" ]
13,415,486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolaamphiphile	In chemistry, bolaamphiphiles (also known as bolaform surfactants, bolaphiles, or alpha-omega-type surfactants) are amphiphilic molecules that have hydrophilic groups at both ends of a sufficiently long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain. Compared to single-headed amphiphiles, the introduction of a second head-group general...	Bolaamphiphile	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	626	[ "Physical chemistry", "nan", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
13,418,907	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC%2062379	IEC 62379 is a control engineering standard for the common control interface for networked digital audio and video products. IEC 62379 uses Simple Network Management Protocol to communicate control and monitoring information. It is a family of standards that specifies a control framework for networked audio and video ...	IEC 62379	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	589	[ "Broadcast engineering", "Systems engineering", "Computer standards", "Computer networks engineering", "IEC standards", "Electronic engineering", "Control engineering", "Networking standards", "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering" ]
13,419,758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene%20vinyl%20alcohol	Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) is a formal copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol. Because the latter monomer mainly exists as its tautomer acetaldehyde, the copolymer is prepared by polymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate to give the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer followed by hydrolysis. EVOH copolymer ...	Ethylene vinyl alcohol	[ "Physics" ]	616	[ "Amorphous solids", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Plastics" ]
3,037,867	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20frequency	In mathematics, physics, and engineering, spatial frequency is a characteristic of any structure that is periodic across position in space. The spatial frequency is a measure of how often sinusoidal components (as determined by the Fourier transform) of the structure repeat per unit of distance. The SI unit of spatia...	Spatial frequency	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,420	[ "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Space", "Geometry", "Spacetime", "Mathematical physics" ]
3,037,964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading%20gauge%20theory	In theoretical physics, a cascading gauge theory is a gauge theory whose coupling rapidly changes with the scale in such a way that Seiberg duality must be applied many times. Igor Klebanov and Matthew Strassler studied this kind of N=1 gauge theory in the context of the AdS-CFT correspondence, which is dual to the ...	Cascading gauge theory	[ "Physics" ]	90	[ "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Quantum physics stubs", "Theoretical physics stubs" ]
3,038,004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezinian	In mathematics and theoretical physics, the Berezinian or superdeterminant is a generalization of the determinant to the case of supermatrices. The name is for Felix Berezin. The Berezinian plays a role analogous to the determinant when considering coordinate changes for integration on a supermanifold. Definition The ...	Berezinian	[ "Physics" ]	613	[ "Supersymmetry", "Symmetry", "Super linear algebra" ]
3,038,013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian%20fluid%20mechanics	Hamiltonian fluid mechanics is the application of Hamiltonian methods to fluid mechanics. Note that this formalism only applies to nondissipative fluids. Irrotational barotropic flow Take the simple example of a barotropic, inviscid vorticity-free fluid. Then, the conjugate fields are the mass density field ρ and the...	Hamiltonian fluid mechanics	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	257	[ "Chemical engineering", "Theoretical physics", "Classical mechanics", "Hamiltonian mechanics", "Mechanics", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
3,043,551	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern%20valence%20bond%20theory	Modern valence bond theory is the application of valence bond theory (VBT) with computer programs that are competitive in accuracy and economy, with programs for the Hartree–Fock or post-Hartree-Fock methods. The latter methods dominated quantum chemistry from the advent of digital computers because they were easier to...	Modern valence bond theory	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,911	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Computational physics", "Theoretical chemistry", "Electronic structure methods", "Computational chemistry" ]
3,043,836	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20binding%20energy	Nuclear binding energy in experimental physics is the minimum energy that is required to disassemble the nucleus of an atom into its constituent protons and neutrons, known collectively as nucleons. The binding energy for stable nuclei is always a positive number, as the nucleus must gain energy for the nucleons to mov...	Nuclear binding energy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	7,942	[ "Nuclear fusion", "Nuclear chemistry", "nan", "Nuclear physics" ]
7,240,939	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement%20kiln	Cement kilns are used for the pyroprocessing stage of manufacture of portland and other types of hydraulic cement, in which calcium carbonate reacts with silica-bearing minerals to form a mixture of calcium silicates. Over a billion tonnes of cement are made per year, and cement kilns are the heart of this production ...	Cement kiln	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	8,901	[ "Structural engineering", "Chemical equipment", "Metallurgical processes", "Kilns", "Industrial furnaces", "Concrete" ]
7,244,053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TU%20Delft%20Faculty%20of%20Aerospace%20Engineering	The Faculty of Aerospace Engineering at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands is the merger of two interrelated disciplines, aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Aeronautical engineering works specifically with aircraft or aeronautics. Astronautical engineering works specifically with...	TU Delft Faculty of Aerospace Engineering	[ "Engineering" ]	1,064	[ "Aeronautical engineering schools", "Engineering universities and colleges", "Aeronautics organizations" ]
7,246,977	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20dot%20solar%20cell	A quantum dot solar cell (QDSC) is a solar cell design that uses quantum dots as the captivating photovoltaic material. It attempts to replace bulk materials such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). Quantum dots have bandgaps that are adjustable across a wide range of energy l...	Quantum dot solar cell	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	3,522	[ "Condensed matter physics", "Nanotechnology", "Quantum mechanics", "Quantum electronics" ]
9,414,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paley%E2%80%93Zygmund%20inequality	In mathematics, the Paley–Zygmund inequality bounds the probability that a positive random variable is small, in terms of its first two moments. The inequality was proved by Raymond Paley and Antoni Zygmund. Theorem: If Z ≥ 0 is a random variable with finite variance, and if , then Proof: First, The first addend is...	Paley–Zygmund inequality	[ "Mathematics" ]	345	[ "Theorems in probability theory", "Probabilistic inequalities", "Inequalities (mathematics)" ]
9,414,430	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20sensor	A molecular sensor or chemosensor is a molecular structure (organic or inorganic complexes) that is used for sensing of an analyte to produce a detectable change or a signal. The action of a chemosensor, relies on an interaction occurring at the molecular level, usually involves the continuous monitoring of the activit...	Molecular sensor	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Technology" ]	3,935	[ "Machines", "Physical systems", "Molecular machines", "nan", "Nanotechnology", "Supramolecular chemistry" ]
9,417,783	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phragmosome	The phragmosome is a sheet of cytoplasm forming in highly vacuolated plant cells in preparation for mitosis. In contrast to animal cells, plant cells often contain large central vacuoles occupying up to 90% of the total cell volume and pushing the nucleus against the cell wall. In order for mitosis to occur, the nucleu...	Phragmosome	[ "Biology" ]	345	[ "Cell cycle", "Cellular processes", "Mitosis" ]
9,418,169	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwi	Piwi (or PIWI) genes were identified as regulatory proteins responsible for stem cell and germ cell differentiation. Piwi is an abbreviation of P-element Induced WImpy testis in Drosophila. Piwi proteins are highly conserved RNA-binding proteins and are present in both plants and animals. Piwi proteins belong to the Ar...	Piwi	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,555	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Protein classification", "Protein domains", "Molecular biology", "Proteins" ]
9,418,352	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spongin	Spongin, a modified type of collagen protein, forms the fibrous skeleton of most organisms among the phylum Porifera, the sponges. It is secreted by sponge cells known as spongocytes. Spongin gives a sponge its flexibility. True spongin is found only in members of the class Demospongiae. Research directions Use in t...	Spongin	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	215	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry", "Marine biology" ]
9,421,020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%20silicide	Copper silicide can refer to either or pentacopper silicide, . Pentacopper silicide is a binary compound of silicon with copper. It is an intermetallic compound, meaning that it has properties intermediate between an ionic compound and an alloy. This solid crystalline material is a silvery solid that is insoluble in ...	Copper silicide	[ "Chemistry" ]	212	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Inorganic compound stubs" ]
9,421,082	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order-5%20square%20tiling	In geometry, the order-5 square tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of {4,5}. Related polyhedra and tiling This tiling is topologically related as a part of sequence of regular polyhedra and tilings with vertex figure (4n). This hyperbolic tiling is related to a semiregular in...	Order-5 square tiling	[ "Physics" ]	228	[ "Isogonal tilings", "Tessellation", "Hyperbolic tilings", "Isohedral tilings", "Symmetry" ]
9,421,390	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snub%20triheptagonal%20tiling	In geometry, the order-3 snub heptagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There are four triangles and one heptagon on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of sr{7,3}. The snub tetraheptagonal tiling is another related hyperbolic tiling with Schläfli symbol sr{7,4}. Images Drawn in chiral pairs...	Snub triheptagonal tiling	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	449	[ "Snub tilings", "Semiregular tilings", "Isogonal tilings", "Tessellation", "Stereochemistry", "Chirality", "Hyperbolic tilings", "Stereochemistry stubs", "Chiral figures", "Symmetry" ]
9,421,904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream%20thrust%20averaging	In fluid dynamics, stream thrust averaging is a process used to convert three-dimensional flow through a duct into one-dimensional uniform flow. It makes the assumptions that the flow is mixed adiabatically and without friction. However, due to the mixing process, there is a net increase in the entropy of the system....	Stream thrust averaging	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	272	[ "Equations of fluid dynamics", "Equations of physics", "Chemical engineering", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
16,090,662	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-casein	Κ-casein, or kappa casein, is a mammalian milk protein involved in several important physiological processes. Chymosin (found in rennet) splits K-casein into an insoluble peptide (para kappa-casein) and water-soluble glycomacropeptide (GMP). GMP is responsible for an increased efficiency of digestion, prevention of n...	K-casein	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,289	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "nan", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Proteins" ]
16,090,917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Technology%20Platform%20Nanomedicine	The European Technology Platform on Nanomedicine (ETP Nanomedicine) is a European Technology Platform initiative to improve the competitive situation of the European Union in the field of nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology to medicine. Overview An important initiative, led by industry, has been set up tog...	European Technology Platform Nanomedicine	[ "Materials_science" ]	388	[ "Nanomedicine", "Nanotechnology" ]
16,094,518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%27s%20law%20for%20magnetism	In physics, Gauss's law for magnetism is one of the four Maxwell's equations that underlie classical electrodynamics. It states that the magnetic field has divergence equal to zero, in other words, that it is a solenoidal vector field. It is equivalent to the statement that magnetic monopoles do not exist. Rather than...	Gauss's law for magnetism	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	1,169	[ "Astronomical hypotheses", "Equations of physics", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Magnetic monopoles", "Maxwell's equations" ]
16,094,972	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual%20Review%20of%20Materials%20Research	The Annual Review of Materials Research is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes review articles about materials science. It has been published by the nonprofit Annual Reviews since 1971, when it was first released under the title the Annual Review of Materials Science. Four people have served as editors, with the cur...	Annual Review of Materials Research	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	623	[ "Materials science journals", "Materials science" ]
16,095,000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual%20Review%20of%20Plant%20Biology	Annual Review of Plant Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews. It was first published in 1950 as the Annual Review of Plant Physiology. Sabeeha Merchant has been the editor since 2005, making her the longest-serving editor in the journal's history after Winslow Briggs (1973–1993). Jo...	Annual Review of Plant Biology	[ "Chemistry" ]	737	[ "Molecular and cellular biology journals", "Molecular biology" ]
16,102,721	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical%20reaction%20mechanism	In electrochemistry, an electrochemical reaction mechanism is the step-by-step sequence of elementary steps, involving at least one outer-sphere electron transfer, by which an overall electrochemical reaction occurs. Overview Elementary steps like proton coupled electron transfer and the movement of electrons betwee...	Electrochemical reaction mechanism	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,085	[ "Electrochemistry", "Electrochemical concepts" ]
14,568,020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntingtin-associated%20protein%201	Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HAP1 gene. This protein was found to bind to the mutant huntingtin protein () in proportion to the number of glutamines present in the glutamine repeat region. Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by ...	Huntingtin-associated protein 1	[ "Chemistry" ]	808	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
14,568,414	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule%20of%20Sarrus	In matrix theory, the rule of Sarrus is a mnemonic device for computing the determinant of a matrix named after the French mathematician Pierre Frédéric Sarrus. Consider a matrix then its determinant can be computed by the following scheme. Write out the first two columns of the matrix to the right of the third co...	Rule of Sarrus	[ "Mathematics" ]	233	[ "Linear algebra", "Algebra" ]
14,573,864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adparticle	An adparticle is an atom, molecule, or cluster of atoms or molecules that lies on a crystal surface. The term is used in surface chemistry. The word is a contraction of "adsorbed particle". An adparticle that is a single atom may be referred to as an "adatom". References Surface science	Adparticle	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	71	[ "Physical chemistry stubs", "Condensed matter physics", "Surface science" ]
14,576,408	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative%20transfer%20equation%20and%20diffusion%20theory%20for%20photon%20transport%20in%20biological%20tissue	Photon transport in biological tissue can be equivalently modeled numerically with Monte Carlo simulations or analytically by the radiative transfer equation (RTE). However, the RTE is difficult to solve without introducing approximations. A common approximation summarized here is the diffusion approximation. Overall, ...	Radiative transfer equation and diffusion theory for photon transport in biological tissue	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,229	[ "Scattering", " absorption and radiative transfer (optics)" ]
14,578,984	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigorific%20mixture	A frigorific mixture is a mixture of two or more phases in a chemical system that, so long as none of the phases are completely consumed during equilibration, reaches an equilibrium temperature that is independent of the starting temperature of the phases before they are mixed. The equilibrium temperature is also inde...	Frigorific mixture	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	879	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Thermodynamics", "nan", "Chemical thermodynamics", "Physical chemistry", "Dynamical systems" ]
4,162,069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20bond%20graph	A hybrid bond graph is a graphical description of a physical dynamic system with discontinuities (i.e., a hybrid dynamical system). Similar to a regular bond graph, it is an energy-based technique. However, it allows instantaneous switching of the junction structure, which may violate the principle of continuity of po...	Hybrid bond graph	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	248	[ "Mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
4,162,402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame%20ionization%20detector	A flame ionization detector (FID) is a scientific instrument that measures analytes in a gas stream. It is frequently used as a detector in gas chromatography. The measurement of ions per unit time makes this a mass sensitive instrument. Standalone FIDs can also be used in applications such as landfill gas monitoring, ...	Flame ionization detector	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,491	[ "Chromatography", "Gas chromatography" ]
4,162,694	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litmus	Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. In an acidic medium, blue litmus paper turns red, while in a basic or alkaline medium, red litmus paper turns blue. I...	Litmus	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	803	[ "Titration", "PH indicators", "Chromism", "Chemical tests", "Equilibrium chemistry" ]
4,163,498	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20Data%20Set	The Minimum Data Set (MDS) is part of the U.S. federally mandated process for clinical assessment of all residents in Medicare or Medicaid certified nursing homes and non-critical access hospitals with Medicare swing bed agreements. (The term "swing bed" refers to the Social Security Act's authorizing small, rural hosp...	Minimum Data Set	[ "Biology" ]	517	[ "Health informatics", "Medical technology" ]
4,164,148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20E.%20Buckley%20Prize	The Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize is an annual award given by the American Physical Society "to recognize and encourage outstanding theoretical or experimental contributions to condensed matter physics." It was endowed by AT&T Bell Laboratories as a means of recognizing outstanding scientific work. The prize...	Oliver E. Buckley Prize	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	194	[ "Condensed matter physics awards", "Condensed matter physics" ]
4,165,915	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectronic%2020	The Spectronic 20 is a brand of single-beam spectrophotometer, designed to operate in the visible spectrum across a wavelength range of 340 nm to 950 nm, with a spectral bandpass of 20 nm. It is designed for quantitative absorption measurement at single wavelengths. Because it measures the transmittance or absorption o...	Spectronic 20	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,791	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Scientific instruments", "Measuring instruments", "Spectrometers", "Spectroscopy" ]
4,166,537	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film%20bulk%20acoustic%20resonator	A thin-film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR or TFBAR) is a device consisting of a piezoelectric material manufactured by thin film methods between two conductive – typically metallic – electrodes and acoustically isolated from the surrounding medium. The operation is based on the piezoelectricity of the piezolayer betwee...	Thin-film bulk acoustic resonator	[ "Physics" ]	3,442	[ "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics" ]
17,366,789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiggle%20syphon	A jiggle syphon (or siphon) is the combination of a syphon pipe and a simple priming pump that uses mechanical shaking action to pump enough liquid up the pipe to reach the highest point, and thus start the syphoning action. Principle of operation The jiggle pump consists of a chamber, in line with the end of the pip...	Jiggle syphon	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	353	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Fluid dynamics" ]
5,558,601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription%20coregulator	In molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription of specific genes. Transcription coregulators that activate gene transcription are referred to as coactivators while those that repress are known as corepr...	Transcription coregulator	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,254	[ "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
5,558,617	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLOSUM	In bioinformatics, the BLOSUM (BLOcks SUbstitution Matrix) matrix is a substitution matrix used for sequence alignment of proteins. BLOSUM matrices are used to score alignments between evolutionarily divergent protein sequences. They are based on local alignments. BLOSUM matrices were first introduced in a paper by St...	BLOSUM	[ "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	2,429	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Genetics techniques", "Biological engineering", "Computational phylogenetics", "Mathematical objects", "Matrices (mathematics)", "Bioinformatics", "Biochemistry", "Phylogenetics" ]
5,563,726	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film%20composite%20membrane	Thin-film composite membranes (TFC or TFM) are semipermeable membranes manufactured to provide selectivity with high permeability. Most TFC's are used in water purification or water desalination systems. They also have use in chemical applications such as gas separations, dehumidification, batteries and fuel cells. A T...	Thin-film composite membrane	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	950	[ "Separation processes", "Chemical equipment", "Filters", "Membrane technology", "Filtration", "Water technology" ]
5,565,460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact%20Reconnaissance%20Imaging%20Spectrometer%20for%20Mars	The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) was a visible-infrared spectrometer aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter searching for mineralogic indications of past and present water on Mars. The CRISM instrument team comprised scientists from over ten universities and was led by principal investi...	Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	3,315	[ "Spectrometers", "Spectroscopy", "Spectrum (physical sciences)" ]

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