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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
1,602,252	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source%20counts	The source counts distribution of radio-sources from a radio-astronomical survey is the cumulative distribution of the number of sources (N) brighter than a given flux density (S). As it is usually plotted on a log-log scale its distribution is known as the log N – log S plot. It is one of several cosmological tests th...	Source counts	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	488	[ "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Theoretical physics", "Physical cosmology", "Astrophysics" ]
1,602,490	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensive-form%20game	In game theory, an extensive-form game is a specification of a game allowing (as the name suggests) for the explicit representation of a number of key aspects, like the sequencing of players' possible moves, their choices at every decision point, the (possibly imperfect) information each player has about the other play...	Extensive-form game	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,891	[ "Game theory game classes", "Game theory" ]
1,603,001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete%20information	In economics and game theory, complete information is an economic situation or game in which knowledge about other market participants or players is available to all participants. The utility functions (including risk aversion), payoffs, strategies and "types" of players are thus common knowledge. Complete information ...	Complete information	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,044	[ "Game theory" ]
1,603,459	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittag-Leffler%20function	In mathematics, the Mittag-Leffler functions are a family of special functions. They are complex-valued functions of a complex argument z, and moreover depend on one or two complex parameters. The one-parameter Mittag-Leffler function, introduced by Gösta Mittag-Leffler in 1903, can be defined by the Maclaurin serie...	Mittag-Leffler function	[ "Mathematics" ]	952	[ "Special functions", "Combinatorics" ]
1,603,488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevator%20pitch	An elevator pitch, elevator speech, lift speech, or elevator statement is a short description of an idea, product, or company that explains the concept in a way such that any listener can understand it in a short period of time. This description typically explains who the thing is for, what it does, why it is needed, a...	Elevator pitch	[ "Engineering" ]	961	[ "Building engineering", "Elevators" ]
1,603,557	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium%20poisoning	Cadmium is a naturally occurring toxic metal with common exposure in industrial workplaces, plant soils, and from smoking. Due to its low permissible exposure in humans, overexposure may occur even in situations where only trace quantities of cadmium are found. Cadmium is used extensively in electroplating, although t...	Cadmium poisoning	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	2,431	[ "Contaminated farmland", "Water pollution" ]
1,603,731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labdanum	Labdanum, also called ladanum, ladan, or ladanon, is a sticky brown resin obtained from the shrubs Cistus ladanifer (western Mediterranean) and Cistus creticus (eastern Mediterranean), species of rockrose. It was historically used in herbal medicine and is still used in the preparation of some perfumes and vermouths. ...	Labdanum	[ "Physics" ]	689	[ "Resins", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Incense material", "Materials", "Amorphous solids", "Matter" ]
1,604,816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steric%20factor	The steric factor, usually denoted ρ, is a quantity used in collision theory. Also called the probability factor, the steric factor is defined as the ratio between the experimental value of the rate constant and the one predicted by collision theory. It can also be defined as the ratio between the pre-exponential fa...	Steric factor	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	296	[ "Chemical reaction engineering", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "nan", "Chemical kinetics", "Physical chemistry", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
1,605,201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility%20pump	In oceanic biogeochemistry, the solubility pump is a physico-chemical process that transports carbon as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the ocean's surface to its interior. Overview The solubility pump is driven by the coincidence of two processes in the ocean : The solubility of carbon dioxide is a strong in...	Solubility pump	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,117	[ "Chemical oceanography", "Aquatic ecology", "Ecosystems", "nan" ]
1,605,292	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20Transformation%20Services	Data Transformation Services (DTS) is a Microsoft database tool with a set of objects and utilities to allow the automation of extract, transform and load operations to or from a database. The objects are DTS packages and their components, and the utilities are called DTS tools. DTS was included with earlier versions o...	Data Transformation Services	[ "Technology" ]	1,595	[ "Data management", "Data" ]
5,642,583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz%20system	The Lorenz system is a system of ordinary differential equations first studied by mathematician and meteorologist Edward Lorenz. It is notable for having chaotic solutions for certain parameter values and initial conditions. In particular, the Lorenz attractor is a set of chaotic solutions of the Lorenz system. The ter...	Lorenz system	[ "Mathematics" ]	4,281	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical objects", "Mathematical relations", "Chaotic maps", "Dynamical systems" ]
5,643,045	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak%20Katznelson	Yitzhak Katznelson (; born 1934) is an Israeli mathematician. Katznelson was born in Jerusalem. He received his doctoral degree from the University of Paris in 1956. He is a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. He is the author of An Introduction to Harmonic Analysis, which won the Steele Prize for Math...	Yitzhak Katznelson	[ "Mathematics" ]	118	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysts" ]
5,644,032	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-centered%2C%20Earth-fixed%20coordinate%20system	The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its...	Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system	[ "Astronomy", "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,016	[ "Wireless locating", "Aerospace engineering", "Astronomical coordinate systems", "Aircraft instruments", "Coordinate systems", "Global Positioning System" ]
5,644,561	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchenko%20equation	In mathematical physics, more specifically the one-dimensional inverse scattering problem, the Marchenko equation (or Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko equation or GLM equation), named after Israel Gelfand, Boris Levitan and Vladimir Marchenko, is derived by computing the Fourier transform of the scattering relation: Where is...	Marchenko equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	219	[ "Scattering theory", "Equations of physics", "Integral equations", "Scattering stubs", "Eponymous equations of physics", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Scattering" ]
13,578,878	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse%20excitation%20technique	The impulse excitation technique (IET) is a non-destructive material characterization technique to determine the elastic properties and internal friction of a material of interest. It measures the resonant frequencies in order to calculate the Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and internal friction of pre...	Impulse excitation technique	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,804	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Continuum mechanics", "Classical mechanics", "Materials science", "Nondestructive testing", "Materials testing", "nan" ]
13,584,590	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrokinetic%20phenomena	Electrokinetic phenomena are a family of several different effects that occur in heterogeneous fluids, or in porous bodies filled with fluid, or in a fast flow over a flat surface. The term heterogeneous here means a fluid containing particles. Particles can be solid, liquid or gas bubbles with sizes on the scale of a ...	Electrokinetic phenomena	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	411	[ "Colloidal chemistry", "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics", "Soft matter", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Colloids", "Surface science", "Electrochemistry", "Condensed matter physics", "Matter", "Dynamical systems" ]
9,553,738	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble%20Kalman%20filter	The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a recursive filter suitable for problems with a large number of variables, such as discretizations of partial differential equations in geophysical models. The EnKF originated as a version of the Kalman filter for large problems (essentially, the covariance matrix is replaced by the...	Ensemble Kalman filter	[ "Physics" ]	2,204	[ "Monte Carlo methods", "Computational physics" ]
9,553,854	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artin%E2%80%93Rees%20lemma	In mathematics, the Artin–Rees lemma is a basic result about modules over a Noetherian ring, along with results such as the Hilbert basis theorem. It was proved in the 1950s in independent works by the mathematicians Emil Artin and David Rees; a special case was known to Oscar Zariski prior to their work. An intuitive...	Artin–Rees lemma	[ "Mathematics" ]	917	[ "Theorems in algebra", "Lemmas in algebra", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Module theory", "Commutative algebra", "Lemmas" ]
9,555,814	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Earth%20injection	A trans-Earth injection (TEI) is a propulsion maneuver used to set a spacecraft on a trajectory which will intersect the Earth's sphere of influence, usually putting the spacecraft on a free return trajectory. The maneuver is performed by a rocket engine. From the Moon The spacecraft is usually in a parking orbit aro...	Trans-Earth injection	[ "Astronomy", "Engineering" ]	397	[ "Aerospace engineering", "Astrodynamics", "Astronomy stubs", "Spacecraft stubs" ]
9,556,852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark%20epoch	In physical cosmology, the quark epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the fundamental interactions of gravitation, electromagnetism, the strong interaction and the weak interaction had taken their present forms, but the temperature of the universe was still too high to allow quarks to bind t...	Quark epoch	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	249	[ "Cosmogony", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Big Bang", "Theoretical physics", "Astrophysics", "Physical cosmology" ]
17,538,047	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willam%E2%80%93Warnke%20yield%20criterion	The Willam–Warnke yield criterion is a function that is used to predict when failure will occur in concrete and other cohesive-frictional materials such as rock, soil, and ceramics. This yield criterion has the functional form where is the first invariant of the Cauchy stress tensor, and are the second and third i...	Willam–Warnke yield criterion	[ "Materials_science" ]	624	[ "Deformation (mechanics)", "Plasticity (physics)" ]
17,543,136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured%20Stream%20Transport	In computer networking, Structured Stream Transport (SST) is an experimental transport protocol that provides an ordered, reliable byte stream abstraction similar to TCP's, but enhances and optimizes stream management to permit applications to use streams in a much more fine-grained fashion than is feasible with TCP st...	Structured Stream Transport	[ "Technology" ]	77	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer network stubs" ]
17,545,070	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20instruments%20used%20in%20microbiological%20sterilization%20and%20disinfection	This is a list of instruments used in microbiological sterilization and disinfection. Instrument list References Microbiology equipment	List of instruments used in microbiological sterilization and disinfection	[ "Biology" ]	28	[ "Microbiology equipment" ]
17,545,102	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments%20used%20in%20medical%20laboratories	This is a list of instruments used in general in laboratories, including: Biochemistry Microbiology Pharmacology Instrument list Image gallery References Medical equipment Biochemistry methods Laboratory equipment Microbiology equipment Clinical pathology	Instruments used in medical laboratories	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	39	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Medical equipment", "Microbiology equipment", "Biochemistry", "Medical technology" ]
17,545,130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments%20used%20in%20pathology	Instruments used specially in pathology are as follows: Instrument list Gallery References Medical equipment Pathology	Instruments used in pathology	[ "Biology" ]	18	[ "Medical equipment", "Pathology", "Medical technology" ]
17,545,297	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments%20used%20in%20obstetrics%20and%20gynecology	The following is a list of instruments that are used in modern obstetrics and gynaecology. See also Instruments used in general medicine Medical procedure Women's health References Obstetrics Gynaecology Medical devices Medical lists	Instruments used in obstetrics and gynecology	[ "Biology" ]	48	[ "Medical devices", "Medical technology" ]
17,545,444	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflibercept	Aflibercept, sold under the brand names Eylea and Zaltrap among others, is a medication used to treat wet macular degeneration and metastatic colorectal cancer. It was developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. It is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Aflibercept is a recombinant fusion protein co...	Aflibercept	[ "Biology" ]	2,553	[ "Angiogenesis", "Angiogenesis inhibitors" ]
17,546,914	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAM1	SAM1, or "Semiempirical ab initio Model 1", is a semiempirical quantum chemistry method for computing molecular properties. It is an implementation the general Neglect of Differential Diatomic Overlap (NDDO) integral approximation, and is efficient and accurate. Related methods are AM1, PM3 and the older MNDO. SAM1 wa...	SAM1	[ "Chemistry" ]	357	[ "Quantum chemistry stubs", "Quantum chemistry", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Computational chemistry", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Semiempirical quantum chemistry methods" ]
12,023,401	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermaseptin	Dermaseptins are a family of peptides isolated from skin of the frog genus Phyllomedusa. The sequence of the dermaseptins varies greatly but due to the presence of lysine residues all are cationic and most have the potential to form amphipathic helices in water or when integrated with the lipid bilayer of the bacterial...	Dermaseptin	[ "Chemistry" ]	303	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Peptides", "Molecular biology" ]
12,026,279	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic%20ribonuclease%20family	Pancreatic ribonuclease family (, RNase, RNase I, RNase A, pancreatic RNase, ribonuclease I, endoribonuclease I, ribonucleic phosphatase, alkaline ribonuclease, ribonuclease, gene S glycoproteins, Ceratitis capitata alkaline ribonuclease, SLSG glycoproteins, gene S locus-specific glycoproteins, S-genotype-assocd. glyco...	Pancreatic ribonuclease family	[ "Biology" ]	795	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
14,708,063	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy%E2%80%93entropy%20compensation	In thermodynamics, enthalpy–entropy compensation is a specific example of the compensation effect. The compensation effect refers to the behavior of a series of closely related chemical reactions (e.g., reactants in different solvents or reactants differing only in a single substituent), which exhibit a linear relation...	Enthalpy–entropy compensation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	2,496	[ "Chemical thermodynamics", "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
14,709,342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation%20channel%20superfamily	The transmembrane cation channel superfamily was defined in InterPro and Pfam as the family of tetrameric ion channels. These include the sodium, potassium, calcium, ryanodine receptor, HCN, CNG, CatSper, and TRP channels. This large group of ion channels apparently includes families , , , and of the TCDB transporter ...	Cation channel superfamily	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,606	[ "Protein classification", "Protein domains", "Protein families", "Neurochemistry", "Ion channels" ]
14,710,128	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20channel%20tetramerisation%20domain	K+ channel tetramerisation domain is the N-terminal, cytoplasmic tetramerisation domain (T1) of voltage-gated K+ channels. It defines molecular determinants for subfamily-specific assembly of alpha-subunits into functional tetrameric channels. It is distantly related to the BTB/POZ domain . Potassium channels Potassi...	Potassium channel tetramerisation domain	[ "Biology" ]	1,235	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
14,710,215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAM%20domain	The GRAM domain is found in glucosyltransferases, myotubularins and other membrane-associated proteins. The structure of the GRAM domain is similar to that found in PH domains. Proteins containing GRAM domains are found in all eukaryotes and bacteria, but not archaea. Various GRAM domains can bind proteins or lipids...	GRAM domain	[ "Biology" ]	193	[ "Protein families", "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
14,710,808	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%20heme-dependent%20peroxidases	Animal heme-dependent peroxidases is a family of peroxidases. Peroxidases are found in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. On the basis of sequence similarity, a number of animal heme peroxidases can be categorized as members of a superfamily: myeloperoxidase (MPO); eosinophil peroxidase (EPO); lactoperoxidase (LPO); ...	Animal heme-dependent peroxidases	[ "Biology" ]	813	[ "Protein families", "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
14,711,012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase%20family	Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family is a structural domain found in the large family of proteins including magnesium dependent endonucleases and many phosphatases involved in intracellular signaling. Examples AP endonuclease proteins , DNase I proteins , Synaptojanin, an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatas...	Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family	[ "Biology" ]	270	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
14,712,087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20facilitator%20superfamily	The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is a superfamily of membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement of small solutes across cell membranes in response to chemiosmotic gradients. Function The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) are membrane proteins which are expressed ubiquitously in all kingdoms of life...	Major facilitator superfamily	[ "Biology" ]	1,735	[ "Protein superfamilies", "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
14,712,290	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20endotoxins	Delta endotoxins (δ-endotoxins) are a family of pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis species of bacteria. They are useful for their insecticidal action and are the primary toxin produced by the genetically modified (GM) Bt maize/corn and other GM crops. During spore formation the bacteria produce cr...	Delta endotoxins	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Biology" ]	1,050	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Protein classification", "Crystallography", "Crystals", "Protein domains", "Molecular biology", "Proteins" ]
1,039,124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20structure	Stellar structure models describe the internal structure of a star in detail and make predictions about the luminosity, the color and the future evolution of the star. Different classes and ages of stars have different internal structures, reflecting their elemental makeup and energy transport mechanisms. Heat transp...	Stellar structure	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	1,827	[ "Stellar astronomy classification systems", "Concepts in astrophysics", "Astronomical classification systems", "Concepts in stellar astronomy", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Stellar astronomy" ]
1,039,260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOMFLY%20polynomial	In the mathematical field of knot theory, the HOMFLY polynomial or HOMFLYPT polynomial, sometimes called the generalized Jones polynomial, is a 2-variable knot polynomial, i.e. a knot invariant in the form of a polynomial of variables m and l. A central question in the mathematical theory of knots is whether two kn...	HOMFLY polynomial	[ "Mathematics" ]	525	[ "Polynomials", "Algebra" ]
1,039,609	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter%20weapon	An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. Antimatter weapons are currently too costly and unreliable to be viable in warfare, as producing antimatter is enormously expensive (estimated at US$6 billion for every 100 nanograms),...	Antimatter weapon	[ "Physics" ]	636	[ "Antimatter", "Matter" ]
1,039,777	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis-viva%20equation	In astrodynamics, the vis-viva equation is one of the equations that model the motion of orbiting bodies. It is the direct result of the principle of conservation of mechanical energy which applies when the only force acting on an object is its own weight which is the gravitational force determined by the product of th...	Vis-viva equation	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	635	[ "Equations of physics", "Concepts in astronomy", "Conservation laws", "Equations of astronomy", "Symmetry", "Physics theorems" ]
1,039,945	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Meteorological%20Society	The Royal Meteorological Society is a long-established institution that promotes academic and public engagement in weather and climate science. Fellows of the Society must possess relevant qualifications, but Members can be lay enthusiasts. Its Quarterly Journal is one of the world's leading sources of original researc...	Royal Meteorological Society	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	1,514	[ "Atmospheric dispersion modeling", "Environmental modelling", "Environmental engineering" ]
1,040,853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20window	The radio window is the region of the radio spectrum that penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. Typically, the lower limit of the radio window's range has a value of about 10 MHz (λ ≈ 30 m); the best upper limit achievable from optimal terrestrial observation sites is equal to approximately 1 THz (λ ≈ 0.3 mm). It plays an...	Radio window	[ "Physics" ]	656	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electromagnetic spectrum" ]
1,040,953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recuperator	A recuperator is a special purpose counter-flow energy recovery heat exchanger positioned within the supply and exhaust air streams of an air handling system, or in the exhaust gases of an industrial process, in order to recover the waste heat. Generally, they are used to extract heat from the exhaust and use it to pre...	Recuperator	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,463	[ "Transport phenomena", "Sustainable building", "Physical phenomena", "Heat transfer", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Chemical equipment", "Building engineering", "Engineering thermodynamics", "Construction", "Thermodynamics", "Mechanical engineering", "Heat exchangers", "nan" ]
1,041,641	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20hardening	Radiation hardening is the process of making electronic components and circuits resistant to damage or malfunction caused by high levels of ionizing radiation (particle radiation and high-energy electromagnetic radiation), especially for environments in outer space (especially beyond low Earth orbit), around nuclear re...	Radiation hardening	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Astronomy", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	5,408	[ "Physical phenomena", "Telecommunications engineering", "Outer space", "Computer engineering", "Technological failures", "Semiconductor device defects", "Materials science", "Military communications", "Electronic engineering", "Radiation", "Condensed matter physics", "Radiation effects", "El...
1,041,812	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superpotential	In theoretical physics, the superpotential is a function in supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Given a superpotential, two "partner potentials" are derived that can each serve as a potential in the Schrödinger equation. The partner potentials have the same spectrum, apart from a possible eigenvalue of zero, meaning that...	Superpotential	[ "Physics" ]	829	[ "Supersymmetric quantum field theory", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Physics beyond the Standard Model", "Supersymmetry", "Symmetry" ]
1,042,053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20scattering	Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials. The natural/physical phenomenon is of elemental importance in nuclear engineeri...	Neutron scattering	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,595	[ "Neutron scattering", "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Scattering", "Condensed matter physics", "Particle physics", "Nuclear physics" ]
1,042,263	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poynting%27s%20theorem	In electrodynamics, Poynting's theorem is a statement of conservation of energy for electromagnetic fields developed by British physicist John Henry Poynting. It states that in a given volume, the stored energy changes at a rate given by the work done on the charges within the volume, minus the rate at which energy lea...	Poynting's theorem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,121	[ "Equations of physics", "Eponymous theorems of physics", "Circuit theorems", "Electrodynamics", "Physics theorems", "Dynamical systems" ]
1,042,498	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous%20parametric%20down-conversion	Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (also known as SPDC, parametric fluorescence or parametric scattering) is a nonlinear instant optical process that converts one photon of higher energy (namely, a pump photon) into a pair of photons (namely, a signal photon, and an idler photon) of lower energy, in accordance with...	Spontaneous parametric down-conversion	[ "Physics" ]	1,349	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Quantum optics", "Quantum mechanics", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves", "Light" ]
7,381,179	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrami%20equation	The Avrami equation describes how solids transform from one phase to another at constant temperature. It can specifically describe the kinetics of crystallisation, can be applied generally to other changes of phase in materials, like chemical reaction rates, and can even be meaningful in analyses of ecological systems...	Avrami equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,656	[ "Mathematical objects", "Materials science", "Equations", "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics" ]
7,381,751	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissiveness%20%28endocrinology%29	In endocrinology, permissiveness is a biochemical phenomenon in which the presence of one hormone is required in order for another hormone to exert its full effects on a target cell. Hormones can interact in permissive, synergistic, or antagonistic ways. The chemical classes of hormones include amines, polypeptides, gl...	Permissiveness (endocrinology)	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	364	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry", "nan" ]
7,382,202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRE%20%28unit%29	The IRE unit is used in the measurement of composite video signals. Its name is derived from the initials of the Institute of Radio Engineers. A value of 100 IRE is defined to be +714 mV in an analog NTSC video signal. A value of 0 IRE corresponds to the voltage value of 0 mV, the signal value during the blanking peri...	IRE (unit)	[ "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	399	[ "Information and communications technology", "Broadcast engineering", "Television technology", "Quantity", "Electronic engineering", "Units of measurement" ]
7,383,487	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oospore	An oospore is a thick-walled sexual spore that develops from a fertilized oosphere in some algae, fungi, and oomycetes. They are believed to have evolved either through the fusion of two species or the chemically induced stimulation of mycelia, leading to oospore formation. In Oomycetes, oospores can also result from ...	Oospore	[ "Biology" ]	157	[ "Biological interactions", "Behavior", "Reproduction" ]
7,383,878	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdrafting	Overdrafting is the process of extracting groundwater beyond the equilibrium yield of an aquifer. Groundwater is one of the largest sources of fresh water and is found underground. The primary cause of groundwater depletion is the excessive pumping of groundwater up from underground aquifers. Insufficient recharge can ...	Overdrafting	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	2,345	[ "Hydrology", "Aquifers", "Water supply", "Environmental engineering" ]
7,384,821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerbet%20reaction	The Guerbet reaction, named after Marcel Guerbet (1861–1938), is an organic reaction that converts a primary alcohol into its β-alkylated dimer alcohol with loss of one equivalent of water. The process is of interest because it converts simple inexpensive feedstocks into more valuable products. Its main disadvantage ...	Guerbet reaction	[ "Chemistry" ]	532	[ "Name reactions", "Condensation reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
7,385,054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20gemstones%20by%20species	This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B Actinolite Nephrite () Adamite Aegirine Afghanite Agrellite Algodonite Alunite Amblygonite Analcime Anatase Andalusite Chiastolite Andesine Anglesite Anhydrite Ann...	List of gemstones by species	[ "Physics" ]	2,270	[ "Materials", "Gemstones", "Matter" ]
7,385,565	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thue%20number	In the mathematical area of graph theory, the Thue number of a graph is a variation of the chromatic index, defined by and named after mathematician Axel Thue, who studied the squarefree words used to define this number. Alon et al. define a nonrepetitive coloring of a graph to be an assignment of colors to the edges...	Thue number	[ "Mathematics" ]	599	[ "Graph coloring", "Graph theory", "Combinatorics", "Graph invariants", "Mathematical relations", "Combinatorics on words" ]
4,237,693	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurline	The spurline is a type of radio-frequency and microwave distributed element filter with band-stop (notch) characteristics, most commonly used with microstrip transmission lines. Spurlines usually exhibit moderate to narrow-band rejection, at about 10% around the central frequency. Spurline filters are very convenient ...	Spurline	[ "Engineering" ]	624	[ "Electronic engineering", "Distributed element circuits" ]
4,237,747	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulated%20fluorescence%20process%20algorithm	The Simulated Fluorescence Process (SFP) is a computing algorithm used for scientific visualization of 3D data from, for example, fluorescence microscopes. By modeling a physical light/matter interaction process, an image can be computed which shows the data as it would have appeared in reality when viewed under these ...	Simulated fluorescence process algorithm	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Astronomy", "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	171	[ "Spectroscopy stubs", "Luminescence", "Fluorescence", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Applied mathematics", "Astronomy stubs", "Measuring instruments", "Computational science", "Microscopes", "Microscopy", "Molecular physics stubs", "Spectroscopy", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
4,240,032	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid%20voltmeter	A solenoid voltmeter is a specific type of voltmeter electricians use to test electrical power circuits. It uses a solenoid coil to attract a spring-loaded plunger; the movement of the plunger is calibrated in terms of approximate voltage. It is more rugged than a D'arsonval movement, but neither as sensitive nor as pr...	Solenoid voltmeter	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,000	[ "Voltmeters", "Physical quantities", "Electrical test equipment", "Measuring instruments", "Voltage" ]
4,240,854	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolaron	In physics, a bipolaron is a type of quasiparticle consisting of two polarons. In organic chemistry, it is a molecule or a part of a macromolecular chain containing two positive charges in a conjugated system. Bipolarons in physics In physics, a bipolaron is a bound pair of two polarons. An electron in a material ma...	Bipolaron	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	598	[ "Quasiparticles", "Subatomic particles", "Condensed matter physics", "Matter" ]
4,242,000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20system%20protection	Power system protection is a branch of electrical power engineering that deals with the protection of electrical power systems from faults through the disconnection of faulted parts from the rest of the electrical network. The objective of a protection scheme is to keep the power system stable by isolating only the com...	Power system protection	[ "Engineering" ]	1,954	[ "Power engineering", "Electrical engineering", "Energy engineering" ]
4,242,960	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fluid%20Power%20Association	The National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) is an American 501(c)6 industry trade association, founded in 1953. The NFPA's mission is to serve as a forum where all fluid power channel partners work together to advance fluid power technology, strengthen the fluid power industry, and foster members' success. NFPA member...	National Fluid Power Association	[ "Engineering" ]	126	[ "Hydraulic engineering organizations", "Civil engineering organizations" ]
8,877,643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misner%20space	Misner space is an abstract mathematical spacetime, first described by Charles W. Misner. It is also known as the Lorentzian orbifold . It is a simplified, two-dimensional version of the Taub–NUT spacetime. It contains a non-curvature singularity and is an important counterexample to various hypotheses in general relat...	Misner space	[ "Physics" ]	499	[ "General relativity", "Theory of relativity" ]
8,884,972	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff%20equations	In fluid dynamics, the Kirchhoff equations, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, describe the motion of a rigid body in an ideal fluid. where and are the angular and linear velocity vectors at the point , respectively; is the moment of inertia tensor, is the body's mass; is a unit normal vector to the surface of the bod...	Kirchhoff equations	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	285	[ "Classical mechanics", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering", "Fluid dynamics stubs", "Fluid dynamics" ]
5,650,682	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Regenerative%20Medicine%20Institute	The Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), was established in 2003 as a Centre for Science, Technology & Engineering in collaboration with National University of Ireland, Galway. It obtained an award of €14.9 million from Science Foundation Ireland over five years. It conducts basic research and applied research in...	The Regenerative Medicine Institute	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	263	[ "Biotechnology organizations" ]
5,654,027	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse	In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that allows a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or a target effector cell. Synapses can be classified as either chemical or electrical, depending on the mechanism of signal transmission between neurons. In the case of electr...	Synapse	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	4,570	[ "Biochemistry", "Neurochemistry", "Signal transduction" ]
5,654,154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunological%20synapse	In immunology, an immunological synapse (or immune synapse) is the interface between an antigen-presenting cell or target cell and a lymphocyte such as a T cell, B cell, or natural killer cell. The interface was originally named after the neuronal synapse, with which it shares the main structural pattern. An immunologi...	Immunological synapse	[ "Biology" ]	1,606	[ "Immune system", "Organ systems" ]
5,654,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone%20morphogenetic%20protein%203	Bone morphogenetic protein 3, also known as osteogenin, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BMP3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. It, unlike other bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's) inhibits the ability of other BMP's to induce bone and c...	Bone morphogenetic protein 3	[ "Biology" ]	200	[ "Induced stem cells", "Developmental genes and proteins" ]
5,654,541	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20security%20assurance	Software security assurance is a process that helps design and implement software that protects the data and resources contained in and controlled by that software. Software is itself a resource and thus must be afforded appropriate security. What is software security assurance? Software Security Assurance (SSA) is t...	Software security assurance	[ "Engineering" ]	1,688	[ "Systems engineering", "Security engineering" ]
5,655,393	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral%20hydration	In inorganic chemistry, mineral hydration is a reaction which adds water to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, commonly called a hydrate. In geological terms, the process of mineral hydration is known as retrograde alteration and is a process occurring in retrograde metamorphism. It co...	Mineral hydration	[ "Chemistry" ]	554	[ "Hydrate minerals", "Inorganic reactions", "Hydrates" ]
5,655,436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody%20microarray	An antibody microarray (also known as antibody array) is a specific form of protein microarray. In this technology, a collection of captured antibodies are spotted and fixed on a solid surface such as glass, plastic, membrane, or silicon chip, and the interaction between the antibody and its target antigen is detected....	Antibody microarray	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Biology" ]	1,873	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Genetics techniques", "Microtechnology", "Microarrays", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular biology techniques", "Biochemistry", "Reagents for biochemistry" ]
5,655,722	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquadag	Aquadag is a trade name for a water-based colloidal graphite coating commonly used in cathode ray tubes (CRTs). It is manufactured by Acheson Industries, a subsidiary of ICI. The name is a shortened form of "Aqueous Deflocculated Acheson Graphite", but has become a generic term for conductive graphite coatings used in...	Aquadag	[ "Physics" ]	1,103	[ "Vacuum tubes", "Vacuum", "Matter" ]
5,656,456	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%20Analysis%20Studio	Java Analysis Studio (JAS) is an object oriented data analysis package developed for the analysis of particle physics data. The latest major version is JAS3. JAS3 is a fully AIDA-compliant data analysis system. It is popular for data analysis in areas of particle physics which are familiar with the Java programming l...	Java Analysis Studio	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	128	[ "Mathematical software", "Computational physics", "Experimental physics", "Particle physics", "Numerical software", "Experimental particle physics", "Particle physics stubs", "Computational physics stubs", "Physics software" ]
11,048,177	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellerman%20bomb	In solar physics, Ellerman bombs are intense, small-scale brightenings in the Sun's photosphere. They are only observed in the wings of the Hα, Hβ, and Hγ hydrogen spectral lines and take place in emerging flux regions where emerging magnetic fields interact with existing fields. They are named after Ferdinand Ellerma...	Ellerman bomb	[ "Physics" ]	345	[ "Physical phenomena", "Stellar phenomena", "Solar phenomena" ]
11,050,654	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaconomist	In Denmark (including Greenland and Faroe Islands), pharmaconomists () are experts in pharmaceuticals () who have trained with a 3-year tertiary degree. Pharmaconomy () describes either their professional practice or their training courses. Work The majority of the Danish pharmaconomists work at community pharmacies ...	Pharmaconomist	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,256	[ "Pharmaceutical industry", "Pharmacology", "Life sciences industry" ]
11,051,720	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-powered%20desalination%20unit	A solar-powered desalination unit produces potable water from saline water through direct or indirect methods of desalination powered by sunlight. Solar energy is the most promising renewable energy source due to its ability to drive the more popular thermal desalination systems directly through solar collectors and ...	Solar-powered desalination unit	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	1,242	[ "Separation processes", "Water treatment", "Water pollution", "Membrane technology", "Environmental engineering", "Water technology" ]
11,054,533	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archard%20equation	The Archard wear equation is a simple model used to describe sliding wear and is based on the theory of asperity contact. The Archard equation was developed much later than (sometimes also known as energy dissipative hypothesis), though both came to the same physical conclusions, that the volume of the removed debris ...	Archard equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	681	[ "Tribology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mathematical objects", "Materials science", "Surface science", "Equations", "nan", "Mechanical engineering" ]
11,059,015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam%20crane	A steam crane is a crane powered by a steam engine. It may be fixed or mobile and, if mobile, it may run on rail tracks, caterpillar tracks, road wheels, or be mounted on a barge. It usually has a vertical boiler placed at the back so that the weight of the boiler counterbalances the weight of the jib and load. They ...	Steam crane	[ "Engineering" ]	255	[ "Engineering vehicles", "Mechanical engineering stubs", "Cranes (machines)", "Mechanical engineering" ]
2,254,244	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogbane	Dogbane, dog-bane, dog's bane, and other variations, some of them regional and some transient, are names for certain plants that are reputed to kill or repel dogs; "bane" originally meant "slayer", and was later applied to plants to indicate that they were poisonous to particular creatures. History of the term The ear...	Dogbane	[ "Biology" ]	894	[ "Plant common names", "Common names of organisms", "Plants" ]
2,255,444	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retention%20basin	A retention basin, sometimes called a retention pond, wet detention basin, or storm water management pond (SWMP), is an artificial pond with vegetation around the perimeter and a permanent pool of water in its design. It is used to manage stormwater runoff, for protection against flooding, for erosion control, and to s...	Retention basin	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	672	[ "Hydrology", "Water treatment", "Stormwater management", "Chemical engineering", "Water pollution", "Physical systems", "Construction", "Hydraulics", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering", "Hydraulic engineering", "Infrastructure" ]
2,258,380	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambu%E2%80%93Jona-Lasinio%20model	In quantum field theory, the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model (or more precisely: the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model) is a complicated effective theory of nucleons and mesons constructed from interacting Dirac fermions with chiral symmetry, paralleling the construction of Cooper pairs from electrons in the BCS theory of supercon...	Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	970	[ "Physical quantities", "Superconductivity", "Materials science", "Condensed matter physics", "Electrical resistance and conductance" ]
2,258,865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopologue	In chemistry, isotopologues (also spelled isotopologs) are molecules that differ only in their isotopic composition. They have the same chemical formula and bonding arrangement of atoms, but at least one atom has a different number of neutrons than the parent. An example is water, whose hydrogen-related isotopologues ...	Isotopologue	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,688	[ "Isotopes", "Nuclear physics" ]
2,259,059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronometry	Chronometry or horology () is the science studying the measurement of time and timekeeping. Chronometry enables the establishment of standard measurements of time, which have applications in a broad range of social and scientific areas. Horology usually refers specifically to the study of mechanical timekeeping device...	Chronometry	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	3,318	[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Frequency", "Physical quantities", "Time", "Timekeeping", "Quantity", "Spacetime", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
16,291,643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL%20%28Fortran%20library%29	HSL, originally the Harwell Subroutine Library, is a collection of Fortran 77 and 95 codes that address core problems in numerical analysis. It is primarily developed by the Numerical Analysis Group at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory with contributions from other experts in the field. HSL codes are easily recogniza...	HSL (Fortran library)	[ "Mathematics" ]	564	[ "Numerical software", "Mathematical software" ]
16,297,028	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GenerativeComponents	GenerativeComponents is parametric CAD software developed by Bentley Systems, was first introduced in 2003, became increasingly used in practice (especially by the London architectural community) by early 2005, and was commercially released in November 2007. GenerativeComponents has a strong traditional base of users...	GenerativeComponents	[ "Engineering" ]	597	[ "Building engineering software", "Computer-aided design", "Design engineering", "Building engineering", "Data modeling", "Data engineering" ]
16,297,790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewanella%20oneidensis	Shewanella oneidensis is a bacterium notable for its ability to reduce metal ions and live in environments with or without oxygen. This proteobacterium was first isolated from Lake Oneida, NY in 1988, hence its name. Shewanella oneidensis is a facultative bacterium, capable of surviving and proliferating in both aerob...	Shewanella oneidensis	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,565	[ "Pollution control technologies", "Environmental engineering" ]
16,300,571	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20creativity	Computational creativity (also known as artificial creativity, mechanical creativity, creative computing or creative computation) is a multidisciplinary endeavour that is located at the intersection of the fields of artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, philosophy, and the arts (e.g., computational art as part...	Computational creativity	[ "Technology", "Biology" ]	6,369	[ "Behavior", "Computational fields of study", "Behavioural sciences", "Computing and society", "Cognitive psychology" ]
16,304,394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoD%20IPv6%20product%20certification	The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) product certification program began as a mandate from the DoD's Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks & Information Integration (ASD-NII) in 2005. The program mandates the Joint Interoperability Test Command (JITC) in Fort Huachuca, ...	DoD IPv6 product certification	[ "Engineering" ]	1,370	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Interoperability" ]
16,305,705	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milnor%E2%80%93Thurston%20kneading%20theory	The Milnor–Thurston kneading theory is a mathematical theory which analyzes the iterates of piecewise monotone mappings of an interval into itself. The emphasis is on understanding the properties of the mapping that are invariant under topological conjugacy. The theory had been developed by John Milnor and William Thu...	Milnor–Thurston kneading theory	[ "Mathematics" ]	305	[ "Topology", "Topological dynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
58,648	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%20constant	In physical chemistry, the Faraday constant (symbol , sometimes stylized as ℱ) is a physical constant defined as the quotient of the total electric charge (q) by the amount (n) of elementary charge carriers in any given sample of matter: it is expressed in units of coulombs per mole (C/mol). As such, it represents th...	Faraday constant	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	594	[ "Physical quantities", "Electric charge", "Quotients", "Quantity", "Intensive quantities", "Electrochemical concepts", "Physical constants", "Electrochemistry", "Arithmetic", "Units of electrical charge", "Molar quantities", "Units of measurement" ]
58,650	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base%20unit%20of%20measurement	A base unit of measurement (also referred to as a base unit or fundamental unit) is a unit of measurement adopted for a base quantity. A base quantity is one of a conventionally chosen subset of physical quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the others. The SI base units, or Systéme I...	Base unit of measurement	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,155	[ "Dimensional analysis", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Measurement", "Size", "Mechanical engineering" ]
58,664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas%20turbine	A gas turbine or gas turbine engine is a type of continuous flow internal combustion engine. The main parts common to all gas turbine engines form the power-producing part (known as the gas generator or core) and are, in the direction of flow: a rotating gas compressor a combustor a compressor-driving turbine. Addi...	Gas turbine	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	12,211	[ "Machines", "Engines", "Gas turbines", "Physical systems", "Marine engineering", "Marine propulsion" ]
58,894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation	In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology. Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes. During respiration Phosphorylation is essential to the processes of both anaer...	Phosphorylation	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,700	[ "Post-translational modification", "Gene expression", "Cell biology", "Biochemical reactions" ]
59,046	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silly%20Putty	Silly Putty is a toy containing silicone polymers that have unusual physical properties. It can flow like a liquid, bounce and can be stretched or broken depending on the amount of physical stress to which it is subjected. It contains viscoelastic liquid silicones, a type of non-Newtonian fluid, which makes it act as a...	Silly Putty	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,646	[ "Polymers", "Soft matter", "Condensed matter physics", "Polymer chemistry" ]
59,052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble%20%28mathematical%20physics%29	In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, an ensemble (also statistical ensemble) is an idealization consisting of a large number of virtual copies (sometimes infinitely many) of a system, considered all at once, each of which represents a possible state that the real system might be in. In other words, a statist...	Ensemble (mathematical physics)	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	3,840	[ "Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics", "Equations of physics", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Thermodynamics", "Statistical ensembles", "Statistical mechanics" ]
59,211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude	Altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object. The exact definition and reference datum varies according to the context (e.g., aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport, or atmospheric pressure). Although the term altitude is commonly...	Altitude	[ "Physics" ]	2,349	[ "Vertical position", "Aerospace", "Physical quantities", "Distance", "Space", "Spacetime" ]
59,220	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base%20%28topology%29	In mathematics, a base (or basis; : bases) for the topology of a topological space is a family of open subsets of such that every open set of the topology is equal to the union of some sub-family of . For example, the set of all open intervals in the real number line is a basis for the Euclidean topology on beca...	Base (topology)	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,856	[ "General topology", "Topology" ]
59,358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhiza	A mycorrhiza (; , mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry. In a...	Mycorrhiza	[ "Biology" ]	6,259	[ "Fungi", "Symbiosis", "Behavior", "Biological interactions", "Fungus ecology", "Soil biology" ]

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