id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
621,215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cointerpretability | In mathematical logic, cointerpretability is a binary relation on formal theories: a formal theory T is cointerpretable in another such theory S, when the language of S can be translated into the language of T in such a way that S proves every formula whose translation is a theorem of T. The "translation" here is requi... | Cointerpretability | [
"Mathematics"
] | 151 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Predicate logic",
"Mathematical logic",
"Basic concepts in set theory",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
621,887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonophysics | Tectonophysics, a branch of geophysics, is the study of the physical processes that underlie tectonic deformation. This includes measurement or calculation of the stress- and strain fields on Earth’s surface and the rheologies of the crust, mantle, lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Overview
Tectonophysics is concerned w... | Tectonophysics | [
"Physics"
] | 669 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Geophysics"
] |
622,053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-matrix | In physics, the S-matrix or scattering matrix is a matrix that relates the initial state and the final state of a physical system undergoing a scattering process. It is used in quantum mechanics, scattering theory and quantum field theory (QFT).
More formally, in the context of QFT, the S-matrix is defined as the unit... | S-matrix | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,527 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Scattering theory",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Scattering",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
622,571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin%20ligase | A ubiquitin ligase (also called an E3 ubiquitin ligase) is a protein that recruits an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that has been loaded with ubiquitin, recognizes a protein substrate, and assists or directly catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin from the E2 to the protein substrate. In simple and more general terms, t... | Ubiquitin ligase | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,810 | [
"Post-translational modification",
"Gene expression",
"Biochemical reactions"
] |
623,150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windage | Windage is a term used in aerodynamics, firearms ballistics, and automobiles that mainly relates to the effects of air (e.g., wind) on an object of interest. The term is also used for the similar effects of liquids, such as oil.
Usage
Aerodynamics
Windage is a force created on an object by friction when there is rel... | Windage | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 608 | [
"Machines",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Engines",
"Physical systems",
"Ballistics"
] |
624,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds-averaged%20Navier%E2%80%93Stokes%20equations | The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS equations) are time-averaged
equations of motion for fluid flow. The idea behind the equations is Reynolds decomposition, whereby an instantaneous quantity is decomposed into its time-averaged and fluctuating quantities, an idea first proposed by Osborne Reynolds. The... | Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 829 | [
"Turbulence",
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Computational physics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
9,590,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve%20actuator | A valve actuator is the mechanism for opening and closing a valve. Manually operated valves require someone in attendance to adjust them using a direct or geared mechanism attached to the valve stem. Power-operated actuators, using gas pressure, hydraulic pressure or electricity, allow a valve to be adjusted remotely, ... | Valve actuator | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 3,449 | [
"Fluid technology",
"Physical systems",
"Valves",
"Hydraulics",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline",
"Piping"
] |
9,590,785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature-oriented%20positioning | Feature-oriented positioning (FOP) is a method of precise movement of the scanning microscope probe across the surface under investigation. With this method, surface features (objects) are used as reference points for microscope probe attachment. Actually, FOP is a simplified variant of the feature-oriented scanning (F... | Feature-oriented positioning | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 429 | [
"Materials science",
"Measuring instruments",
"Microscopes",
"Scanning probe microscopy",
"Microscopy",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
9,593,892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamoyl%20aspartic%20acid | Carbamoyl aspartic acid (or ureidosuccinic acid) is a carbamate derivative, serving as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis.
References
Ureas
Dicarboxylic acids | Carbamoyl aspartic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 50 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Organic compound stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs",
"Ureas"
] |
9,596,101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared%20mesh | A shared mesh (also known as 'traditional' or 'best effort' mesh) is a wireless mesh network that uses a single radio to communicate via mesh backhaul links to all the neighboring nodes in the mesh. This is a first generation mesh where the total available bandwidth of the radio channel is ‘shared’ between all the nei... | Shared mesh | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 327 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Network topology",
"Wireless networking",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Radio technology",
"Topology"
] |
9,596,904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrst-Plattner%20Rule | The Fürst-Plattner rule (also known as the trans-diaxial effect) describes the stereoselective addition of nucleophiles to cyclohexene derivatives.
Introduction
Cyclohexene derivatives, such as imines, epoxides, and halonium ions, react with nucleophiles in a stereoselective fashion, affording trans-diaxial addition p... | Fürst-Plattner Rule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 648 | [
"Spacetime",
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan"
] |
9,597,496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia%20telangiectasia%20and%20Rad3%20related | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR, also known as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or FRAP-related protein 1 (FRP1), is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ATR gene. It is a large kinase of about 301.66 kDa. ATR belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase protein family. AT... | Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,621 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
4,249,694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling%20%28electronics%29 | In electronics, electric power and telecommunication, coupling is the transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another, or between parts of a circuit. Coupling can be deliberate as part of the function of the circuit, or it may be undesirable, for instance due to coupling to stray fields. For example, energy ... | Coupling (electronics) | [
"Engineering"
] | 341 | [
"Electromagnetic compatibility",
"Radio electronics",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Communication circuits"
] |
4,250,298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary%20field | In physics, and especially quantum field theory, an auxiliary field is one whose equations of motion admit a single solution. Therefore, the Lagrangian describing such a field contains an algebraic quadratic term and an arbitrary linear term, while it contains no kinetic terms (derivatives of the field):
The equation... | Auxiliary field | [
"Physics"
] | 244 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
4,250,553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene | In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of ... | Gene | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 7,934 | [
"Cloning",
"Biochemistry",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology"
] |
4,251,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point%20flexural%20test | The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity
in bending , flexural stress , flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of the material. This test is performed on a universal testing machine (tensile testing machine or tensile tester) with a three-point or four-point ... | Three-point flexural test | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 715 | [
"Materials testing",
"Mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
4,253,950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20elements%20by%20stability%20of%20isotopes | This is a list of chemical elements by the stability of their isotopes. Of the first 82 elements in the periodic table, 80 have isotopes considered to be stable. Overall, there are 251 known stable isotopes in total.
Background
Atomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons, which attract each other through the nuclea... | List of elements by stability of isotopes | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,157 | [
"Lists of chemical elements"
] |
4,254,315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson%20friction%20factor | Atkinson friction factor is a measure of the resistance to airflow of a duct. It is widely used in the mine ventilation industry but is rarely referred to outside of it.
Atkinson friction factor is represented by the symbol and has the same units as air density (kilograms per cubic metre in SI units, lbfmin^2/ft^4 in... | Atkinson friction factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 235 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,254,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Size%20consistency%20and%20size%20extensivity | In quantum chemistry, size consistency and size extensivity are concepts relating to how the behaviour of quantum-chemistry calculations changes with the system size. Size consistency (or strict separability) is a property that guarantees the consistency of the energy behaviour when interaction between the involved mol... | Size consistency and size extensivity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 395 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
3,121,095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyhedral%20skeletal%20electron%20pair%20theory | In chemistry the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory (PSEPT) provides electron counting rules useful for predicting the structures of clusters such as borane and carborane clusters. The electron counting rules were originally formulated by Kenneth Wade, and were further developed by others including Michael Mingo... | Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,421 | [
"Cluster chemistry",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Chemical bonding",
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
3,122,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilenberg%E2%80%93Steenrod%20axioms | In mathematics, specifically in algebraic topology, the Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms are properties that homology theories of topological spaces have in common. The quintessential example of a homology theory satisfying the axioms is singular homology, developed by Samuel Eilenberg and Norman Steenrod.
One can define a h... | Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms | [
"Mathematics"
] | 614 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical axioms"
] |
3,123,067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey%E2%80%93Fuchs%20reaction | The Corey–Fuchs reaction, also known as the Ramirez–Corey–Fuchs reaction, is a series of chemical reactions designed to transform an aldehyde into an alkyne. The formation of the 1,1-dibromoolefins via phosphine-dibromomethylenes was originally discovered by Desai, McKelvie and Ramirez. The phosphine can be partially ... | Corey–Fuchs reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 615 | [
"Name reactions",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Rearrangement reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
3,123,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feigenbaum%20function | In the study of dynamical systems the term Feigenbaum function has been used to describe two different functions introduced by the physicist Mitchell Feigenbaum:
the solution to the Feigenbaum-Cvitanović functional equation; and
the scaling function that described the covers of the attractor of the logistic map
Idea... | Feigenbaum function | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,107 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
12,059,679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella%20sampling | Umbrella sampling is a technique in computational physics and chemistry, used to improve sampling of a system (or different systems) where ergodicity is hindered by the form of the system's energy landscape. It was first suggested by Torrie and Valleau in 1977. It is a particular physical application of the more genera... | Umbrella sampling | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 656 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Computational physics",
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"nan"
] |
12,063,277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxy%20arachidonyl%20fluorophosphonate | Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, commonly referred as MAFP, is an irreversible active site-directed enzyme inhibitor that inhibits nearly all serine hydrolases and serine proteases. It inhibits phospholipase A2 and fatty acid amide hydrolase with special potency, displaying IC50 values in the low-nanomolar range... | Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 215 | [
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Functional groups",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Phosphonofluoridates",
"Biochemistry"
] |
12,065,768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20retardant%20gel | Fire-retardant gels are superabsorbent polymer slurries with a "consistency almost like petroleum jelly."
Fire-retardant gels can also be slurries that are composed of a combination of water, starch, and clay.
Used as fire retardants, they can be used for structure protection and in direct-attack applications against ... | Fire retardant gel | [
"Engineering"
] | 955 | [
"Building engineering",
"Fire protection"
] |
12,069,013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence%20period%20density%20entropy | Recurrence period density entropy (RPDE) is a method, in the fields of dynamical systems, stochastic processes, and time series analysis, for determining the periodicity, or repetitiveness of a signal.
Overview
Recurrence period density entropy is useful for characterising the extent to which a time series repeats th... | Recurrence period density entropy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 652 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Quantity",
"Entropy",
"Mechanics",
"Asymmetry",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Symmetry",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
17,575,156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial%20motility | Bacterial motility is the ability of bacteria to move independently using metabolic energy. Most motility mechanisms that evolved among bacteria also evolved in parallel among the archaea. Most rod-shaped bacteria can move using their own power, which allows colonization of new environments and discovery of new resourc... | Bacterial motility | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 8,610 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Prokaryotes",
"Microswimmers",
"Motion (physics)",
"Bacteria",
"Microorganisms"
] |
17,578,531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic%20granulation | The biological treatment of wastewater in the sewage treatment plant is often accomplished using conventional activated sludge systems. These systems generally require large surface areas for treatment and biomass separation units due to the generally poor settling properties of the sludge. Aerobic granules are a type ... | Aerobic granulation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,500 | [
"Water treatment",
"Chemical engineering",
"Aquatic ecology",
"Environmental soil science",
"Civil engineering",
"Ecosystems",
"Environmental engineering",
"Waste treatment technology"
] |
17,580,393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20dissipation | Quantum dissipation is the branch of physics that studies the quantum analogues of the process of irreversible loss of energy observed at the classical level. Its main purpose is to derive the laws of classical dissipation from the framework of quantum mechanics. It shares many features with the subjects of quantum dec... | Quantum dissipation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,683 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
17,583,603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage-activating%20factor | A macrophage-activating factor (MAF) is a lymphokine or other receptor based signal that primes macrophages towards cytotoxicity to tumors, cytokine secretion, or clearance of pathogens. Similar molecules may cause development of an inhibitory, regulatory phenotype. A MAF can also alter the ability of macrophages to pr... | Macrophage-activating factor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 971 | [
"Cytokines",
"Signal transduction"
] |
17,584,701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic%20dynamics | Arithmetic dynamics is a field that amalgamates two areas of mathematics, dynamical systems and number theory. Part of the inspiration comes from complex dynamics, the study of the iteration of self-maps of the complex plane or other complex algebraic varieties. Arithmetic dynamics is the study of the number-theoretic ... | Arithmetic dynamics | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,387 | [
"Recreational mathematics",
"Arithmetic dynamics",
"Mechanics",
"Algebraic number theory",
"Number theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
17,585,131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer%20yeast | A killer yeast is a yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is able to secrete one of a number of toxic proteins which are lethal to susceptible cells. These "killer toxins" are polypeptides that kill sensitive cells of the same or related species, often functioning by creating pores in target cell membranes. Th... | Killer yeast | [
"Biology"
] | 1,911 | [
"Yeasts",
"Fungi"
] |
17,586,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestrian%20village | A pedestrian village is a compact, pedestrian-oriented neighborhood or town with a mixed-use village center. Shared-use lanes for pedestrians and those using bicycles, Segways, wheelchairs, and other small rolling conveyances that do not use internal combustion engines. Generally, these lanes are in front of the houses... | Pedestrian village | [
"Engineering"
] | 257 | [
"Urban planning",
"Architecture"
] |
13,620,098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Genome%20Sequencing%20Center | The Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center (BCM-HGSC) was established by Richard A. Gibbs in 1996 when Baylor College of Medicine was chosen as one of six worldwide sites to complete the final phase of the international Human Genome Project. Gibbs is the current director of the BCM-HGSC.
It occupies... | Human Genome Sequencing Center | [
"Biology"
] | 610 | [
"Human genome projects",
"Genome projects"
] |
13,620,523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%E2%80%93Hadamard%20theorem | In mathematics, the Cauchy–Hadamard theorem is a result in complex analysis named after the French mathematicians Augustin Louis Cauchy and Jacques Hadamard, describing the radius of convergence of a power series. It was published in 1821 by Cauchy, but remained relatively unknown until Hadamard rediscovered it. Hadama... | Cauchy–Hadamard theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 403 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical structures",
"Series (mathematics)",
"Calculus",
"Theorems in complex analysis"
] |
13,624,160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill%E2%80%93Bernstein%20equation | In convective heat transfer, the Churchill–Bernstein equation is used to estimate the surface averaged Nusselt number for a cylinder in cross flow at various velocities. The need for the equation arises from the inability to solve the Navier–Stokes equations in the turbulent flow regime, even for a Newtonian fluid. Wh... | Churchill–Bernstein equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 529 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Convection",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
13,625,345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%20field | In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, a Schrödinger field, named after Erwin Schrödinger, is a quantum field which obeys the Schrödinger equation. While any situation described by a Schrödinger field can also be described by a many-body Schrödinger equation for identical particles, the field theory is more sui... | Schrödinger field | [
"Physics"
] | 2,343 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Equations of physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Schrödinger equation"
] |
13,629,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U4atac%20minor%20spliceosomal%20RNA | U4atac minor spliceosomal RNA is a ncRNA which is an essential component of the minor U12-type spliceosome complex. The U12-type spliceosome is required for removal of the rarer class of eukaryotic introns (AT-AC, U12-type).
U4atac snRNA is proposed to form a base-paired complex with another spliceosomal RNA U6atac v... | U4atac minor spliceosomal RNA | [
"Chemistry"
] | 296 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
13,629,713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicability%20domain | The applicability domain (AD) (for both chemistry and machine learning) of a QSAR model is the physico-chemical, structural or biological space, knowledge or information on which the training set of the model has been developed, and for which it is applicable to make predictions for new compounds.
The purpose of AD is... | Applicability domain | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 322 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Life sciences industry",
"Drug discovery",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
"nan",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Cheminformatics"
] |
11,071,463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy%20rate | In the mathematical theory of probability, the entropy rate or source information rate is a function assigning an entropy to a stochastic process.
For a strongly stationary process, the conditional entropy for latest random variable eventually tend towards this rate value.
Definition
A process with a countable inde... | Entropy rate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 612 | [
"Temporal quantities",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Applied mathematics",
"Quantity",
"Temporal rates",
"Computer science",
"Entropy",
"Information theory",
"Asymmetry",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Symmetry... |
11,074,125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abradable%20coating | An abradable coating is a coating made of an abradable material – meaning if it rubs against a more abrasive material in motion, the former will be worn whereas the latter will face no wear. Abradable coatings provide a .1 to .2% performance improvement compared to those without coating.
Abradable coatings are used i... | Abradable coating | [
"Physics"
] | 346 | [
"Materials stubs",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
11,074,998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooring%20%28oceanography%29 | A mooring in oceanography is a collection of devices connected to a wire and anchored on the sea floor. It is the Eulerian way of measuring ocean currents, since a mooring is stationary at a fixed location. In contrast to that, the Lagrangian way measures the motion of an oceanographic drifter, the Lagrangian drifter.
... | Mooring (oceanography) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 623 | [
"Ocean currents",
"Hydrology",
"Oceanographic instrumentation",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Oceanography",
"Measuring instruments",
"Physical oceanography",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
11,076,807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9a%27s%20lemma | Céa's lemma is a lemma in mathematics. Introduced by Jean Céa in his Ph.D. dissertation, it is an important tool for proving error estimates for the finite element method applied to elliptic partial differential equations.
Lemma statement
Let be a real Hilbert space with the norm Let be a bilinear form with the pr... | Céa's lemma | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,137 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Lemmas in mathematical analysis",
"Hilbert spaces",
"Lemmas"
] |
11,081,803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20retrieval | Phase retrieval is the process of algorithmically finding solutions to the phase problem. Given a complex spectrum , of amplitude , and phase :
where x is an M-dimensional spatial coordinate and k is an M-dimensional spatial frequency coordinate. Phase retrieval consists of finding the phase that satisfies a set of co... | Phase retrieval | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,483 | [
"Drug discovery",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Materials science",
"Molecular modelling",
"Mathematical chemistry",
"Crystallography",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Inverse problems",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
11,082,896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20statistics | Medical statistics (also health statistics) deals with applications of statistics to medicine and the health sciences, including epidemiology, public health, forensic medicine, and clinical research. Medical statistics has been a recognized branch of statistics in the United Kingdom for more than 40 years, but the term... | Medical statistics | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,097 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Applied statistics"
] |
11,083,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omapatrilat | Omapatrilat (INN, proposed trade name Vanlev) is an experimental antihypertensive agent that was never marketed. It inhibits both neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase, NEP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). NEP inhibition results in elevated natriuretic peptide levels, promoting natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation... | Omapatrilat | [
"Chemistry"
] | 272 | [
"Carboxylic acids",
"Thiols",
"Drug safety",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Abandoned drugs"
] |
8,914,599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix%E2%80%93coil%20transition%20model | Helix–coil transition models are formalized techniques in statistical mechanics developed to describe conformations of linear polymers in solution. The models are usually but not exclusively applied to polypeptides as a measure of the relative fraction of the molecule in an alpha helix conformation versus turn or rando... | Helix–coil transition model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 249 | [
"Statistical mechanics stubs",
"Thermodynamic models",
"Thermodynamics",
"Structural biology",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Protein structure"
] |
8,918,323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative%20system | In mathematics, a conservative system is a dynamical system which stands in contrast to a dissipative system. Roughly speaking, such systems have no friction or other mechanism to dissipate the dynamics, and thus, their phase space does not shrink over time. Precisely speaking, they are those dynamical systems that hav... | Conservative system | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,733 | [
"Mechanics",
"Ergodic theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,047,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muirhead%27s%20inequality | In mathematics, Muirhead's inequality, named after Robert Franklin Muirhead, also known as the "bunching" method, generalizes the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means.
Preliminary definitions
a-mean
For any real vector
define the "a-mean" [a] of positive real numbers x1, ..., xn by
where the sum extends ov... | Muirhead's inequality | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,006 | [
"Means",
"Point (geometry)",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Geometric centers",
"Binary relations",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems",
"Symmetry"
] |
1,048,371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Jenner%20Institute%20for%20Vaccine%20Research | The Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research (EJIVR) was an independent research institute named after Edward Jenner, the inventor of vaccination. It was co-located with the Compton Laboratory of the Institute for Animal Health on a campus in the village of Compton in Berkshire, England. After occupying temporary l... | Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research | [
"Biology"
] | 190 | [
"Vaccination-related organizations",
"Vaccination"
] |
1,048,518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular%20chemistry | Supramolecular chemistry refers to the branch of chemistry concerning chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules. The strength of the forces responsible for spatial organization of the system range from weak intermolecular forces, electrostatic charge, or hydrogen bonding to strong covalent bonding, pr... | Supramolecular chemistry | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,037 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"nan",
"Supramolecular chemistry"
] |
1,048,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROOT | ROOT is an object-oriented computer program and library developed by CERN. It was originally designed for particle physics data analysis and contains several features specific to the field, but it is also used in other applications such as astronomy and data mining. The latest minor release is 6.32, as of 2024-05-26.
... | ROOT | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,499 | [
"Mathematical software",
"Computational physics",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Numerical software",
"Experimental particle physics",
"Physics software"
] |
1,050,195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20robotics | Evolutionary robotics is an embodied approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in which robots are automatically designed using Darwinian principles of natural selection. The design of a robot, or a subsystem of a robot such as a neural controller, is optimized against a behavioral goal (e.g. run as fast as possible). U... | Evolutionary robotics | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 409 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Evolutionary computation",
"Robotics",
"Automation"
] |
1,050,506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosyl | In organic chemistry, a glycosyl group is a univalent free radical or substituent structure obtained by removing the hydroxyl () group from the hemiacetal () group found in the cyclic form of a monosaccharide and, by extension, of a lower oligosaccharide. Glycosyl groups are exchanged during glycosylation from the glyc... | Glycosyl | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 386 | [
"Carbohydrates",
"Natural products",
"Substituents",
"Monosaccharides",
"Organic compounds",
"Oligosaccharides",
"Biomolecules",
"Structural biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,050,551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-criteria%20decision%20analysis | Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) or multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a sub-discipline of operations research that explicitly evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making (both in daily life and in settings such as business, government and medicine). It is also known as multiple attrib... | Multiple-criteria decision analysis | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,545 | [
"Mathematical optimization",
"Mathematical analysis"
] |
1,050,741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean%20trigonometric%20identity | The Pythagorean trigonometric identity, also called simply the Pythagorean identity, is an identity expressing the Pythagorean theorem in terms of trigonometric functions. Along with the sum-of-angles formulae, it is one of the basic relations between the sine and cosine functions.
The identity is
As usual, means .
... | Pythagorean trigonometric identity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,298 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Pythagorean theorem",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical identities",
"Mathematical problems",
"Algebra"
] |
1,051,315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrete%20construction | Monocrete is a building construction method utilising modular bolt-together pre-cast concrete wall panels.
Monocrete construction was widely used in the construction of government housing in the 1940s and 1950s in Canberra, Australia. The expansion of the new capital was exceeding the ability of the Government to buil... | Monocrete construction | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 239 | [
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Civil engineering",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
1,051,627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szemer%C3%A9di%E2%80%93Trotter%20theorem | The Szemerédi–Trotter theorem is a mathematical result in the field of Discrete geometry. It asserts that given points and lines in the Euclidean plane, the number of incidences (i.e., the number of point-line pairs, such that the point lies on the line) is
This bound cannot be improved, except in terms of the impl... | Szemerédi–Trotter theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,557 | [
"Theorems in combinatorics",
"Theorems in discrete geometry",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics",
"Combinatorics",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Planes (geometry)"
] |
1,052,019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundane%20astrology | Mundane astrology, also known as political astrology, is the branch of astrology dealing with politics, the government, and the laws governing a particular nation, state, or city. The name derives name from the Latin term , 'world'.
Certain countries have astrological charts (or horoscopes) just like a person is said... | Mundane astrology | [
"Astronomy"
] | 868 | [
"Astrology",
"History of astronomy"
] |
1,052,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20action%20cycle | The human action cycle is a psychological model which describes the steps humans take when they interact with computer systems. The model was proposed by Donald A. Norman, a scholar in the discipline of human–computer interaction. The model can be used to help evaluate the efficiency of a user interface (UI). Understan... | Human action cycle | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 685 | [
"Human–computer interaction",
"Behavior",
"Human–machine interaction",
"Motor control"
] |
2,265,144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syneresis%20%28chemistry%29 | Syneresis (also spelled 'synæresis' or 'synaeresis'), in chemistry, is the extraction or expulsion of a liquid from a gel, such as when serum drains from a contracting clot of blood. Another example of syneresis is the collection of whey on the surface of yogurt. Syneresis can also be observed when the amount of diluen... | Syneresis (chemistry) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 624 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Chemical processes",
"Chemical mixtures",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Chemical process stubs"
] |
2,265,316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s%20metal | Queen's Metal, an alloy of nine parts tin and one each of antimony, lead, and bismuth, is intermediate in hardness between pewter and britannia metal. It was developed by English pewtersmiths in the 16th century; the recipe was initially a secret and was reserved for pieces made for the English royal family.
Reference... | Queen's metal | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 85 | [
"Lead alloys",
"Alloy stubs",
"Metallurgy",
"Bismuth alloys",
"Fusible alloys",
"Tin alloys",
"Alloys",
"Antimony alloys"
] |
2,267,331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20mixing | Perfect mixing is a term heavily used in relation to the definition of models that predict the behavior of chemical reactors. Perfect mixing assumes that there are no spatial gradients in a given physical envelope, such as:
concentration (with respect to any chemical species)
temperature
chemical potential
catalyt... | Perfect mixing | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 59 | [
"Physical chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"nan"
] |
5,677,733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20variation%20diminishing | In numerical methods, total variation diminishing (TVD) is a property of certain discretization schemes used to solve hyperbolic partial differential equations. The most notable application of this method is in computational fluid dynamics. The concept of TVD was introduced by Ami Harten.
Model equation
In systems des... | Total variation diminishing | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 967 | [
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Computational physics"
] |
5,678,057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godunov%27s%20theorem | In numerical analysis and computational fluid dynamics, Godunov's theorem — also known as Godunov's order barrier theorem — is a mathematical theorem important in the development of the theory of high-resolution schemes for the numerical solution of partial differential equations.
The theorem states that:
Professor S... | Godunov's theorem | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 734 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Computational physics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
5,679,969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20and%20bleed%20manifold | A Block and bleed manifold is a hydraulic manifold that combines one or more block/isolate valves, usually ball valves, and one or more bleed/vent valves, usually ball or needle valves, into one component for interface with other components (pressure measurement transmitters, gauges, switches, etc.) of a hydraulic (fl... | Block and bleed manifold | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 800 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
5,680,091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20nationale%20sup%C3%A9rieure%20d%27ing%C3%A9nieurs%20de%20constructions%20a%C3%A9ronautiques | The École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de constructions aéronautiques (; meaning "National Higher School of aeronautical constructions"), or ENSICA, was a French engineering school founded in 1945. It was located in Toulouse. In 2007, Ensica merged with Supaéro to form the Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et d... | École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de constructions aéronautiques | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,067 | [
"Aeronautics organizations",
"Aerospace engineering organizations",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
14,740,555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified%20sewerage | Simplified sewerage, also called small-bore sewerage, is a sewer system that collects all household wastewater (blackwater and greywater) in small-diameter pipes laid at fairly flat gradients. Simplified sewers are laid in the front yard or under the pavement (sidewalk) or - if feasible - inside the back yard, rather t... | Simplified sewerage | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,267 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Water pollution",
"Sewerage",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
14,743,159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Solar | City Solar AG is a producer of large-scale photovoltaic power plants, taking care of all aspects of production. This includes site location, planning, construction, and management. The company was started in 2002 in Bad Kreuznach, Germany, but now has offices in Saarbrücken, Berlin, Chemnitz, Augsburg, and Madrid.
Cit... | City Solar | [
"Engineering"
] | 186 | [
"Photovoltaics manufacturers",
"Engineering companies"
] |
14,748,503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mageu | Mageu (Setswana spelling), Mahewu (Shona/Chewa/Nyanja spelling), Mahleu (Sesotho spelling), Magau (xau-Namibia) (Khoikhoi spelling), Madleke (Tsonga spelling), Mabundu (Tshivenda spelling), maHewu, amaRhewu (Xhosa spelling) or amaHewu (Zulu and Northern Ndebele spelling) is a traditional Southern African non-alcoholic ... | Mageu | [
"Biology"
] | 439 | [
"Fermented drinks",
"Biotechnology products"
] |
14,749,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine%20oxide | Iodine oxides are chemical compounds of oxygen and iodine. Iodine has only two stable oxides which are isolatable in bulk, iodine tetroxide and iodine pentoxide, but a number of other oxides are formed in trace quantities or have been hypothesized to exist.
The chemistry of these compounds is complicated with only a fe... | Iodine oxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 489 | [
"Oxides",
"Salts"
] |
14,749,434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20immersion%20objective | In light microscopy, a water immersion objective is a specially designed objective lens used to increase the resolution of the microscope. This is achieved by immersing both the lens and the specimen in water which has a higher refractive index than air, thereby increasing the numerical aperture of the objective lens.
... | Water immersion objective | [
"Chemistry"
] | 335 | [
"Microscopy"
] |
7,413,289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer%20engine | A beer engine is a device for pumping beer from a cask, usually located in a pub's cellar.
The beer engine was invented by John Lofting, a Dutch inventor, merchant and manufacturer who moved from Amsterdam to London in about 1688 and patented a number of inventions including a fire hose and engine for extinguishing fi... | Beer engine | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,042 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Turbomachinery",
"Pumps"
] |
7,414,275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopp%27s%20law | Kopp's law can refer to either of two relationships discovered by the German chemist Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp (1817–1892).
Kopp found "that the molecular heat capacity of a solid compound is the sum of the atomic heat capacities of the elements composing it; the elements having atomic heat capacities lower than those... | Kopp's law | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 246 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Thermodynamics",
"Laws of thermodynamics"
] |
7,415,870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20analysis | Motion analysis is used in computer vision, image processing, high-speed photography and machine vision that studies methods and applications in which two or more consecutive images from an image sequences, e.g., produced by a video camera or high-speed camera, are processed to produce information based on the apparent... | Motion analysis | [
"Physics"
] | 1,445 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Motion (physics)",
"Motion in computer vision"
] |
7,416,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peskin%E2%80%93Takeuchi%20parameter | In particle physics, the Peskin–Takeuchi parameters are a set of three measurable quantities, called S, T, and U, that parameterize potential new physics contributions to electroweak radiative corrections. They are named after physicists Michael Peskin and Tatsu Takeuchi, who proposed the parameterization in 1990; pro... | Peskin–Takeuchi parameter | [
"Physics"
] | 1,525 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Electroweak theory",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Particle physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
7,417,294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodman | A dodman (plural "dodmen") or a hoddyman dod is a local English vernacular word for a land snail. The word is used in some of the counties of England. This word is found in the Norfolk dialect, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. Fairfax, in his Bulk and Selvedge (1674), speaks of "a snayl or dodman".
Hodimado... | Dodman | [
"Engineering"
] | 373 | [
"Surveying",
"Civil engineering"
] |
7,417,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20transmission%20line | An acoustic transmission line is the use of a long duct, which acts as an acoustic waveguide and is used to produce or transmit sound in an undistorted manner. Technically it is the acoustic analog of the electrical transmission line, typically conceived as a rigid-walled duct or tube, that is long and thin relative to... | Acoustic transmission line | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,351 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Audio engineering"
] |
355,377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic%20crystal | A photonic crystal is an optical nanostructure in which the refractive index changes periodically. This affects the propagation of light in the same way that the structure of natural crystals gives rise to X-ray diffraction and that the atomic lattices (crystal structure) of semiconductors affect their conductivity of... | Photonic crystal | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 5,071 | [
"Metamaterials",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
355,547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20dispersion%20force | London dispersion forces (LDF, also known as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds or loosely as van der Waals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically symmetric; that is, the ele... | London dispersion force | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,442 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Materials science",
"Intermolecular forces",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Chemical bonding"
] |
356,382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20regulatory%20network | A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell. GRN also play a central role in morphogenesis, the creati... | Gene regulatory network | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,770 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Systems biology"
] |
357,190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondo%20effect | In physics, the Kondo effect describes the scattering of conduction electrons in a metal due to magnetic impurities, resulting in a characteristic change i.e. a minimum in electrical resistivity with temperature.
The cause of the effect was first explained by Jun Kondo, who applied third-order perturbation theory to th... | Kondo effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,228 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Correlated electrons",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
357,353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large%20Hadron%20Collider | The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories across more than 100 countries. It lies ... | Large Hadron Collider | [
"Physics"
] | 8,669 | [
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Particle physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
357,565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20sodium%20tartrate | Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, also known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France. Potassium sodium tartrate and monopotassium phosphate were the first materials discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity. This pr... | Potassium sodium tartrate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 658 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Ferroelectric materials",
"Double salts",
"Salts",
"Organic sodium salts",
"Materials",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Deliquescent materials",
"Piezoelectric materials",
"Hysteresis",
"Matter"
] |
357,657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloch%27s%20theorem | In condensed matter physics, Bloch's theorem states that solutions to the Schrödinger equation in a periodic potential can be expressed as plane waves modulated by periodic functions. The theorem is named after the Swiss physicist Felix Bloch, who discovered the theorem in 1929. Mathematically, they are written
where ... | Bloch's theorem | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,476 | [
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"Equations of physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Eponymous theorems of physics",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter",
"Physics theorems"
] |
9,598,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20carbon | Atomic carbon, systematically named carbon and λ0-methane, is a colourless gaseous inorganic chemical with the chemical formula C (also written [C]). It is kinetically unstable at ambient temperature and pressure, being removed through autopolymerisation.
Atomic carbon is the simplest of the allotropes of carbon, and ... | Atomic carbon | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,730 | [
"Allotropes of carbon",
"Allotropes"
] |
9,599,147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanotroph | A melanotroph (or melanotrope) is a cell in the pituitary gland that generates melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) from its precursor pro-opiomelanocortin. Chronic stress can induce the secretion of α‐MSH in melanotrophs and lead to their subsequent degeneration.
See also
Chromophobe cell
Chromophil
Acidophil c... | Melanotroph | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 134 | [
"Endocrine system",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Organ systems",
"Biochemistry"
] |
9,606,667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervious%20concrete | Pervious concrete (also called porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines concrete and porous pavement) is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site a... | Pervious concrete | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,304 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Architecture",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Concrete",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
9,609,051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine%20triphosphate | Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) is a biomolecule found in most organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Chemically, it is the triphosphate derivative of the vitamin thiamine.
Function
It has been proposed that ThTP has a specific role in nerve excitability, but this has never been confirmed and recent re... | Thiamine triphosphate | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 441 | [
"Natural products",
"Organic compounds",
"Structural biology",
"Biomolecules",
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
9,610,679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse%E2%80%93Palais%20lemma | In mathematics, the Morse–Palais lemma is a result in the calculus of variations and theory of Hilbert spaces. Roughly speaking, it states that a smooth enough function near a critical point can be expressed as a quadratic form after a suitable change of coordinates.
The Morse–Palais lemma was originally proved in the... | Morse–Palais lemma | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 264 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Lemmas in mathematical analysis",
"Hilbert spaces",
"Lemmas"
] |
16,350,686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGNS | CGNS stands for CFD General Notation System. It is a general, portable, and extensible standard for the storage and retrieval of CFD analysis data. It consists of a collection of conventions, and free and open software implementing those conventions. It is self-descriptive, cross-platform also termed platform or machin... | CGNS | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 926 | [
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Computational physics"
] |
12,073,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satraplatin | Satraplatin (INN, codenamed JM216) is a platinum-based antineoplastic agent that was under investigation as a treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer who have failed previous chemotherapy. It has not yet received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. First mentioned in the medical literature ... | Satraplatin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,304 | [
"Coordination chemistry",
"Coordination complexes"
] |
12,074,874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry%20Technology%20Facilitator | Industry Technology Facilitator (ITF) is an oil industry trade organisation established in 1999. It is owned by 30 major global oil majors and oilfield service companies.
The group has offices in Aberdeen, UK, Houston, USA, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Perth, Australia and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Members
ITF currently has a me... | Industry Technology Facilitator | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 274 | [
"Petroleum",
"Petroleum organizations",
"Energy organizations"
] |
1,616,027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon-burning%20process | The neon-burning process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions that take place in evolved massive stars with at least 8 Solar masses. Neon burning requires high temperatures and densities (around 1.2×109 K or 100 keV and 4×109 kg/m3).
At such high temperatures photodisintegration becomes a significant effect, so some n... | Neon-burning process | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 497 | [
"Nuclear fission",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Nucleosynthesis",
"Stellar astronomy stubs",
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear physics",
"Nuclear fusion"
] |
1,616,141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20module | In mathematics, a topological module is a module over a topological ring such that scalar multiplication and addition are continuous.
Examples
A topological vector space is a topological module over a topological field.
An abelian topological group can be considered as a topological module over where is the ring o... | Topological module | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 171 | [
"Algebra stubs",
"Abstract algebra",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological algebra",
"Topological spaces",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Topology stubs",
"Geometry",
"Topological groups",
"Spacetime",
"Algebra"
] |
1,616,775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation%20%28chemistry%29 | Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner. For instance, when an acid dissolves in water, a covalent bond between an electronegative atom and a hy... | Dissociation (chemistry) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,357 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"nan",
"Chemical processes",
"Equilibrium chemistry"
] |
1,616,845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerated%20lagoon | An aerated lagoon (or aerated pond) is a simple wastewater treatment system consisting of a pond with artificial aeration to promote the biological oxidation of wastewaters.
There are many other aerobic biological processes for treatment of wastewaters, for example activated sludge, trickling filters, rotating biolog... | Aerated lagoon | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 933 | [
"Water treatment",
"Waste treatment technology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
1,616,855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20chauvinism | Carbon chauvinism is a neologism meant to disparage the assumption that the chemical processes of hypothetical extraterrestrial life must be constructed primarily from carbon (organic compounds) because as far as is known, carbon's chemical and thermodynamic properties render it far superior to all other elements at fo... | Carbon chauvinism | [
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Biology"
] | 648 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Origin of life",
"Speculative evolution",
"Astrobiology",
"Astronomical controversies",
"nan",
"Biochemistry",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Biological hypotheses"
] |
1,616,932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperometric%20titration | Amperometric titration refers to a class of titrations in which the equivalence point is determined through measurement of the electric current produced by the titration reaction. It is a form of quantitative analysis.
Background
A solution containing the analyte, A, in the presence of some conductive buffer. If an ... | Amperometric titration | [
"Chemistry"
] | 745 | [
"Electroanalytical methods",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Titration",
"Electroanalytical chemistry"
] |
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