id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
315,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazole | Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. It is effective for dracunculiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and amebiasis. It is... | Metronidazole | [
"Biology"
] | 3,971 | [
"Antiprotozoal agents",
"Biocides"
] |
315,212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therac-25 | The Therac-25 is a computer-controlled radiation therapy machine produced by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) in 1982 after the Therac-6 and Therac-20 units (the earlier units had been produced in partnership with of France).
The Therac-25 was involved in at least six accidents between 1985 and 1987, in which s... | Therac-25 | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,461 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Reliability engineering",
"Technological failures",
"Engineering failures",
"Civil engineering"
] |
316,061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluice | A sluice ( ) is a water channel containing a sluice gate, a type of lock to manage the water flow and water level. It can also be an open channel which processes material, such as a river sluice used in gold prospecting or fossicking. A mill race, leet, flume, penstock or lade is a sluice channeling water toward a wa... | Sluice | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,354 | [
"Hydrology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
316,524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose%20bisphosphatase%20deficiency | In fructose bisphosphatase deficiency, there is not enough fructose bisphosphatase for gluconeogenesis to occur correctly. Glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose) will still work, as it does not use this enzyme.
History
The first known description of a patient with this condition was published in 1970 in The Lancet jour... | Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency | [
"Chemistry"
] | 601 | [
"Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism",
"Carbohydrate metabolism"
] |
316,993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion%20polymerization | In polymer chemistry, emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and surfactants. The most common type of emulsion polymerization is an oil-in-water emulsion, in which droplets of monomer (the oil) are emulsified (with surfactants) in ... | Emulsion polymerization | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,929 | [
"Chemical processes",
"nan",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Polymerization reactions"
] |
317,205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table%20saw | A table saw (also known as a sawbench or bench saw in England) is a woodworking tool, consisting of a circular saw blade, mounted on an arbor, that is driven by an electric motor (directly, by belt, by cable, or by gears). The drive mechanism is mounted below a table that provides support for the material, usually woo... | Table saw | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 5,235 | [
"Machines",
"Power tools",
"Physical quantities",
"Physical systems",
"Power (physics)",
"Woodworking machines"
] |
317,227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micelle | A micelle () or micella () ( or micellae, respectively) is an aggregate (or supramolecular assembly) of surfactant amphipathic lipid molecules dispersed in a liquid, forming a colloidal suspension (also known as associated colloidal system). A typical micelle in water forms an aggregate with the hydrophilic "head" regi... | Micelle | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,943 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Membrane biology",
"Surface science",
"Colloids",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Nanotechnology",
"Supramolecular chemistry"
] |
317,311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern%20Oscillation | El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a global climate phenomenon that emerges from variations in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical Pacific Ocean. Those variations have an irregular pattern but do have some semblance of cycles. The occurrence of ENSO is not predictable. It affects the climate of muc... | El Niño–Southern Oscillation | [
"Physics"
] | 11,055 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Weather hazards",
"Weather",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
4,068,993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microecosystem | Microecosystems can exist in locations which are precisely defined by critical environmental factors within small or tiny spaces.
Such factors may include temperature, pH, chemical milieu, nutrient supply, presence of symbionts or solid substrates, gaseous atmosphere (aerobic or anaerobic) etc.
Some examples
Pond mi... | Microecosystem | [
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 861 | [
"Symbiosis",
"Ecosystems",
"Ecology",
"nan"
] |
4,069,108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC%2061508 | IEC 61508 is an international standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) consisting of methods on how to apply, design, deploy and maintain automatic protection systems called safety-related systems. It is titled Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-re... | IEC 61508 | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,506 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Electrical standards",
"Electrical systems",
"Safety engineering",
"Computer standards",
"IEC standards",
"Physical systems"
] |
4,069,702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuyere | A tuyere or tuyère (; ) is a tube, nozzle or pipe allowing the blowing of air into a furnace or hearth.
Air or oxygen is injected into a hearth under pressure from bellows or a blowing engine or other devices. This causes the fire to become hotter in front of the blast than it would otherwise have been, enabling met... | Tuyere | [
"Chemistry"
] | 485 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Steelmaking",
"Industrial furnaces"
] |
4,070,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floorcloth | A floorcloth, or floor-cloth, is a household furnishing used for warmth, decoration, or to protect expensive carpets. They were primarily produced and used from the early 18th to the early 20th century and were also referred to as oilcloth, wax cloths, and painted canvas. Some still use floorcloths as a customizable al... | Floorcloth | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,031 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Floors"
] |
4,071,245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liesegang%20rings | Liesegang rings () are a phenomenon seen in many, if not most, chemical systems undergoing a precipitation reaction under certain conditions of concentration and in the absence of convection. Rings are formed when weakly soluble salts are produced from reaction of two soluble substances, one of which is dissolved in a ... | Liesegang rings | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,822 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Diffusion",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
4,072,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogging%20torque | Cogging torque of electrical motors is the torque due to the interaction between the permanent magnets of the rotor and the stator slots of a permanent magnet machine. It is also known as detent or no-current torque. This torque is position dependent and its periodicity per revolution depends on the number of magnetic ... | Cogging torque | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 299 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Engines",
"Electric motors",
"Electrical engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Torque"
] |
4,074,700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NACA%20airfoil | The NACA airfoil series is a set of standardized airfoil shapes developed by this agency, which became widely used in the design of aircraft wings.
Origins
NACA initially developed the numbered airfoil system which was further refined by the United States Air Force at Langley Research Center. According to the NASA web... | NACA airfoil | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,015 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,075,984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Schaefer | Vincent Joseph Schaefer (July 4, 1906 – July 25, 1993) was an American chemist and meteorologist who developed cloud seeding. On November 13, 1946, while a researcher at the General Electric Research Laboratory, Schaefer modified clouds in the Berkshire Mountains by seeding them with dry ice. While he was self-taught ... | Vincent Schaefer | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,590 | [
"Planetary engineering",
"Weather modification"
] |
4,076,593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergent%20design | Emergent design is a phrase coined by David Cavallo to describe a theoretical framework for the implementation of systemic change in education and learning environments. This examines how choice of design methodology contributes to the success or failure of education reforms through studies in Thailand. It is related ... | Emergent design | [
"Engineering"
] | 538 | [
"Systems engineering"
] |
4,076,831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentzen%27s%20consistency%20proof | Gentzen's consistency proof is a result of proof theory in mathematical logic, published by Gerhard Gentzen in 1936. It shows that the Peano axioms of first-order arithmetic do not contain a contradiction (i.e. are "consistent"), as long as a certain other system used in the proof does not contain any contradictions ei... | Gentzen's consistency proof | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,198 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Proof theory"
] |
4,077,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neem%20cake | Neem cake organic manure is the by-product obtained in the process of cold pressing of neem tree fruits and kernels, and the solvent extraction process for neem oil cake.
It is a potential source of organic manure under the Bureau of Indian Standards, Specification No. 8558. Neem has demonstrated considerable potential... | Neem cake | [
"Chemistry"
] | 956 | [
"Plant toxin insecticides",
"Chemical ecology"
] |
8,590,426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athermalization | Athermalization, in the field of optics, is the process of achieving optothermal stability in optomechanical systems. This is done by minimizing variations in optical performance over a range of temperatures.
Optomechanical systems are typically made of several materials with different thermal properties. These materi... | Athermalization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,315 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Temperature",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Optics",
"SI base quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
" molecular",
"Thermodynamics",
"Atomic",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"... |
8,590,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATM25 | ATM25 is an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) version wherein data is transferred at over Category 3 cable.
Background
ATM25 has no particular distinctions from other ATM versions. However, ATM25 chipsets were, at one time, inexpensive in comparison to faster ATM chipsets, having the result of making ATM technology a... | ATM25 | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 278 | [
"Networking standards",
"Computer standards",
"Asynchronous Transfer Mode",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
8,593,160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forisome | Forisomes are proteins occurring in the sieve tubes of Fabaceae. Their molecules are about 1–3 μm wide and 10–30 μm long. They expand and contract anisotropically in response to changes of electric field, pH, or concentration of Ca2+ ions. Unlike most other moving proteins, the change is not dependent on ATP.
Forisome... | Forisome | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 316 | [
"Protein stubs",
"Motor proteins",
"Materials science",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular machines",
"Smart materials"
] |
8,593,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300B | In electronics, the 300B is a directly-heated power triode vacuum tube with a four-pin base, introduced in 1938 by Western Electric to amplify telephone signals. It measures high and wide, and the anode can dissipate 40 watts thermal. In the 1980s it began to be used increasingly by audiophiles in home audio equipmen... | 300B | [
"Physics"
] | 316 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
8,594,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EXIT%20chart | An extrinsic information transfer chart, commonly called an EXIT chart, is a technique to aid the construction of good iteratively-decoded error-correcting codes (in particular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and Turbo codes).
EXIT charts were developed by Stephan ten Brink, building on the concept of extrinsic ... | EXIT chart | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 468 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Reliability engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Error detection and correction",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
8,594,839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20disk%20encryption%20software | This is a technical feature comparison of different disk encryption software.
Background information
Operating systems
Features
Hidden containers: Whether hidden containers (an encrypted container (A) within another encrypted container (B) so the existence of container A can not be established) can be created for d... | Comparison of disk encryption software | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 870 | [
"Computing-related lists",
"Cryptographic software",
"Cryptography lists and comparisons",
"Mathematical software"
] |
8,597,086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Neumann%20universal%20constructor | John von Neumann's universal constructor is a self-replicating machine in a cellular automaton (CA) environment. It was designed in the 1940s, without the use of a computer. The fundamental details of the machine were published in von Neumann's book Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, completed in 1966 by Arthur W. Bu... | Von Neumann universal constructor | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 2,690 | [
"Physical systems",
"Self-replication",
"Machines",
"Self-replicating machines"
] |
15,894,497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing%27s%20recognition%20theorem | In topology, a branch of mathematics, Bing's recognition theorem, named for R. H. Bing, asserts that a necessary and sufficient condition for a M to be homeomorphic to the is that every Jordan curve in M be contained within a topological ball. It is a weak version of the Poincaré conjecture.
References
3-man... | Bing's recognition theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 77 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in topology",
"Geometric topology",
"Topology stubs",
"Topology",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
15,895,296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equisatisfiability | In mathematical logic (a subtopic within the field of formal logic), two formulae are equisatisfiable if the first formula is satisfiable whenever the second is and vice versa; in other words, either both formulae are satisfiable or both are not. Equisatisfiable formulae may disagree, however, for a particular choice o... | Equisatisfiability | [
"Mathematics"
] | 344 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Model theory"
] |
15,895,901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescribed%20Ricci%20curvature%20problem | In Riemannian geometry, a branch of mathematics, the prescribed Ricci curvature problem is as follows: given a smooth manifold M and a symmetric 2-tensor h, construct a metric on M whose Ricci curvature tensor equals h.
See also
Prescribed scalar curvature problem
References
Thierry Aubin, Some nonlinear problems i... | Prescribed Ricci curvature problem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 161 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Mathematical problems",
"Physical quantities",
"Curvature (mathematics)"
] |
15,898,987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20channel%2C%20voltage-dependent%2C%20T%20type%2C%20alpha%201H%20subunit | Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit, also known as CACNA1H, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CACNA1H gene.
Function
This gene encodes Cav3.2, a T-type member of the α1 subunit family, a protein in the voltage-dependent calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influ... | Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit | [
"Chemistry"
] | 309 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
15,899,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTF2A1 | Transcription initiation factor IIA subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2A1 gene.
Interactions
GTF2A1 has been shown to interact with TATA binding protein and TBPL1.
See also
Transcription Factor II A
References
Further reading
Transcription factor... | GTF2A1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 55 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
13,213,280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachurovskii%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Kachurovskii's theorem is a theorem relating the convexity of a function on a Banach space to the monotonicity of its Fréchet derivative.
Statement of the theorem
Let K be a convex subset of a Banach space V and let f : K → R ∪ {+∞} be an extended real-valued function that is Fréchet differentiable wit... | Kachurovskii's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 179 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in functional analysis"
] |
13,213,701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dmura%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Kōmura's theorem is a result on the differentiability of absolutely continuous Banach space-valued functions, and is a substantial generalization of Lebesgue's theorem on the differentiability of the indefinite integral, which is that Φ : [0, T] → R given by
is differentiable at t for almost every 0 < ... | Kōmura's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 199 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in measure theory",
"Theorems in functional analysis"
] |
13,215,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor%20system | A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transport of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transport for a wide variety of materials, which make th... | Conveyor system | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,816 | [
"Packaging machinery",
"Industrial machinery"
] |
13,221,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Parke | Stephen Parke is a
New Zealand-American theoretical physicist. He is a distinguished scientist and former head (2010–2015) of the Theoretical Physics Department at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia, Illinois.
Born in Gisborne, New Zealand, Parke attended Campion College, Gisborne and St Peter's Colle... | Stephen Parke | [
"Physics"
] | 846 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theoretical physicists",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physicists"
] |
13,222,289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20concrete | Roman concrete, also called , was used in construction in ancient Rome. Like its modern equivalent, Roman concrete was based on a hydraulic-setting cement added to an aggregate.
Many buildings and structures still standing today, such as bridges, reservoirs and aqueducts, were built with this material, which attests ... | Roman concrete | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,531 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Architectural history",
"Masonry",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Concrete",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
966,654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-binding%20protein | DNA-binding proteins are proteins that have DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for single- or double-stranded DNA. Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins generally interact with the major groove of B-DNA, because it exposes more functional groups that identify a base pair.
Examples
DNA-bi... | DNA-binding protein | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,747 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Gene expression",
"Signal transduction",
"DNA replication",
"Molecular genetics",
"Biophysics",
"Induced stem cells",
"Molecular biology",
"Transcription factors"
] |
966,794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoelectric%20focusing | Isoelectric focusing (IEF), also known as electrofocusing, is a technique for separating different molecules by differences in their isoelectric point (pI). It is a type of zone electrophoresis usually performed on proteins in a gel that takes advantage of the fact that overall charge on the molecule of interest is a f... | Isoelectric focusing | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,180 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Protein methods",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Biochemical separation processes",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Molecular biology",
"Electrophoresis"
] |
966,859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20Ozone%20Mapping%20Spectrometer | The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was a NASA satellite instrument, specifically a spectrometer, for measuring the ozone layer. Of the five TOMS instruments which were built, four entered successful orbit. The satellites carrying TOMS instruments were:
Nimbus 7; launched October 24, 1978. Operated until 1 Au... | Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 690 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Scientific instruments",
"Measuring instruments",
"Spectrometers",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
967,164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edman%20degradation | Edman degradation, developed by Pehr Edman, is a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide. In this method, the amino-terminal residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid residues.
Mechanism
Phenyl isothiocyanate is reacted with an uncharged N-ter... | Edman degradation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 583 | [
"Chemical tests",
"Organic reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Structural biology",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Degradation reactions",
"Protein structure"
] |
967,315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal%20paradox | A temporal paradox, time paradox, or time travel paradox, is a paradox, an apparent contradiction, or logical contradiction associated with the idea of time travel or other foreknowledge of the future. While the notion of time travel to the future complies with the current understanding of physics via relativistic time... | Temporal paradox | [
"Physics"
] | 2,873 | [
"Spacetime",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Time travel"
] |
967,440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesz%E2%80%93Thorin%20theorem | In mathematics, the Riesz–Thorin theorem, often referred to as the Riesz–Thorin interpolation theorem or the Riesz–Thorin convexity theorem, is a result about interpolation of operators. It is named after Marcel Riesz and his student G. Olof Thorin.
This theorem bounds the norms of linear maps acting between spaces.... | Riesz–Thorin theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,551 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in functional analysis",
"Theorems in harmonic analysis"
] |
968,734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrability%20conditions%20for%20differential%20systems | In mathematics, certain systems of partial differential equations are usefully formulated, from the point of view of their underlying geometric and algebraic structure, in terms of a system of differential forms. The idea is to take advantage of the way a differential form restricts to a submanifold, and the fact that ... | Integrability conditions for differential systems | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,011 | [
"Topology",
"Differential topology"
] |
968,834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VO2%20max | {{DISPLAYTITLE:VO2 max}}
V̇O2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake or maximal aerobic capacity) is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion. The name is derived from three abbreviations: "V̇" for volume (the dot over the V indicates "per unit of time" in Newton's... | VO2 max | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,589 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Exercise biochemistry"
] |
968,879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex%20tube | The vortex tube, also known as the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube, is a mechanical device that separates a compressed gas into hot and cold streams. The gas emerging from the hot end can reach temperatures of , and the gas emerging from the cold end can reach . It has no moving parts and is considered an environmentally fri... | Vortex tube | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,514 | [
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
969,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal%20Key%20Integrity%20Protocol | Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP ) is a security protocol used in the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standard. TKIP was designed by the IEEE 802.11i task group and the Wi-Fi Alliance as an interim solution to replace WEP without requiring the replacement of legacy hardware. This was necessary because the breaking... | Temporal Key Integrity Protocol | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,632 | [
"Wireless networking",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
970,579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationwide%20Urban%20Runoff%20Program | The Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) was a research project conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) between 1979 and 1983. It was the first comprehensive study of urban stormwater pollution across the United States.
Study objectives
The principal focus areas of the study consisted of... | Nationwide Urban Runoff Program | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 648 | [
"Water treatment",
"Stormwater management",
"Water pollution"
] |
970,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20absorption%20rate | Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed per unit mass by a human body when exposed to a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field. It is defined as the power absorbed per mass of tissue and has units of watts per kilogram (W/kg).
SAR is usually averaged either over the whol... | Specific absorption rate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,614 | [
"Radiobiology",
"Radioactivity",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biophysics"
] |
14,367,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P1-derived%20artificial%20chromosome | A P1-derived artificial chromosome, or PAC, is a DNA construct derived from the DNA of P1 bacteriophages and Bacterial artificial chromosome. It can carry large amounts (about 100–300 kilobases) of other sequences for a variety of bioengineering purposes in bacteria. It is one type of the efficient cloning vector used ... | P1-derived artificial chromosome | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 699 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
14,369,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strengthening%20mechanisms%20of%20materials | Methods have been devised to modify the yield strength, ductility, and toughness of both crystalline and amorphous materials. These strengthening mechanisms give engineers the ability to tailor the mechanical properties of materials to suit a variety of different applications. For example, the favorable properties of s... | Strengthening mechanisms of materials | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 7,476 | [
"Strengthening mechanisms of materials",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
14,370,049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild%20criterion | Discovered by Martin Schwarzschild, the Schwarzschild criterion is a criterion in astrophysics where a stellar medium is stable against convection when the rate of change in temperature (T) by altitude (Z) satisfies
where is gravity and is the heat capacity at constant pressure.
If a gas is unstable against convect... | Schwarzschild criterion | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 403 | [
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Concepts in stellar astronomy"
] |
7,100,728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20vortex | In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases, quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors. The existence of quantum vortices was first predicted by Lars Onsager in 1949 in connection with superfluid heliu... | Quantum vortex | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,859 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Physical quantities",
"Vortices",
"Superconductivity",
"Phases of matter",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Superfluidity",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Dy... |
7,102,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A514%20steel | A514 is a particular type of high strength steel, which is quenched and tempered alloy steel, with a yield strength of 100,000 psi (100 ksi or approximately 700 MPa). The ArcelorMittal trademarked name is T-1. A514 is primarily used as a structural steel for building construction. A517 is a closely related alloy that i... | A514 steel | [
"Engineering"
] | 308 | [
"Steels",
"Structural engineering",
"Alloys",
"Structural steel"
] |
7,102,599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutz%E2%80%93Kelker%20bias | The Lutz–Kelker bias is a supposed systematic bias that results from the assumption that the probability of a star being at distance increases with the square of the distance which is equivalent to the assumption that the distribution of stars in space is uniform. In particular, it causes measured parallaxes to stars ... | Lutz–Kelker bias | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,834 | [
"Astrometry",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
7,102,642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leak-down%20tester | A leak-down tester is a measuring instrument used to determine the condition of internal combustion engines by introducing compressed air into the cylinder and measuring the rate at which it leaks out.
Compression testing is a crude form of leak-down testing which also includes effects due to compression ratio, valve ... | Leak-down tester | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,513 | [
"Engine tuning instruments",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
7,104,660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal-induced%20crystallization | Combined with certain metallic species, amorphous films can crystallize in a process known as metal-induced crystallization (MIC). The effect was discovered in 1969, when amorphous germanium (a-Ge) films crystallized at surprisingly low temperatures when in contact with Al, Ag, Cu, or Sn. The effect was also verified i... | Metal-induced crystallization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 334 | [
"Microtechnology",
"Materials science",
"Chemical processes",
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
7,107,008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20relative%20humidity | The critical relative humidity (CRH) of a salt is defined as the relative humidity of the surrounding atmosphere (at a certain temperature) at which the material begins to absorb moisture from the atmosphere and below which it will not absorb atmospheric moisture.
When the humidity of the atmosphere is equal to (or is... | Critical relative humidity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 346 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"nan",
"Physical properties"
] |
7,107,162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium-binding%20protein | Calcium-binding proteins are proteins that participate in calcium cell signaling pathways by binding to Ca2+, the calcium ion that plays an important role in many cellular processes. Calcium-binding proteins have specific domains that bind to calcium and are known to be heterogeneous.
One of the functions of calcium b... | Calcium-binding protein | [
"Chemistry"
] | 836 | [
"Calcium signaling",
"Signal transduction"
] |
7,107,907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20shovel | A power shovel, also known as a motor shovel, stripping shovel, front shovel, mining shovel or rope shovel, is a bucket-equipped machine usually powered by steam, diesel fuel, gasoline or electricity and used for digging and loading earth or fragmented rock and for mineral extraction. Power shovels are a type of rope/c... | Power shovel | [
"Engineering"
] | 914 | [
"Engineering vehicles",
"Stripping shovels",
"Mining equipment"
] |
9,233,284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef%20Ball%20Foundation | Reef Ball Foundation, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that functions as an international environmental non-governmental organization. The foundation uses reef ball artificial reef technology, combined with coral propagation, transplant technology, public education, and community training to build, restore a... | Reef Ball Foundation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,195 | [
"Coral reefs",
"Chemical engineering",
"Biogeomorphology",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
9,233,359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrational%20circular%20dichroism | Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) is a spectroscopic technique which detects differences in attenuation of left and right circularly polarized light passing through a sample. It is the extension of circular dichroism spectroscopy into the infrared and near infrared ranges.
Because VCD is sensitive to the mutual ori... | Vibrational circular dichroism | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,546 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Proteins",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry",
"Biophysics",
" molecular",
"Peptides",
" and optical physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Molecular geometry",
"Atomic",
"Nucleic acids",
"App... |
9,234,084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorometer | A fluorometer, fluorimeter or fluormeter is a device used to measure parameters of visible spectrum fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. These parameters are used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a ... | Fluorometer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,573 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic radiation meters",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Measuring instruments",
"Spectrometers",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
9,235,009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records%20of%20Early%20English%20Drama | The Records of Early English Drama (REED) is a performance history research project, based at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1976 by a group of international scholars interested in understanding “the native tradition of English playmaking that apparently flourished in late medieval provin... | Records of Early English Drama | [
"Technology"
] | 1,370 | [
"Digital humanities",
"Computing and society"
] |
9,238,840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speiss | Speisses are alloys of heavy metals like iron, cobalt, nickel and copper with arsenic, antimony and, occasionally, tin. The latter elements lower the melting point to around 1000 °C. Speisses commonly occur in lead smelting operations and copper smelting operations.
Speisses are only partially miscible with mattes, ... | Speiss | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 196 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Metallurgy"
] |
9,239,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matte%20%28metallurgy%29 | Matte is a term used in the field of pyrometallurgy given to the molten metal sulfide phases typically formed during smelting of copper, nickel, and other base metals. Typically, a matte is the phase in which the principal metal being extracted is recovered prior to a final reduction process (usually converting) to pro... | Matte (metallurgy) | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 182 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
154,242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH%20meter | A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH. The pH meter measures the difference in electrical potential between a pH electrode and a reference electrode, and so the pH meter is sometimes referred to as a "... | PH meter | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,872 | [
"Acid–base chemistry",
"Measuring instruments",
"Scientific instruments",
"Equilibrium chemistry",
"Electrochemistry",
"nan"
] |
154,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20level | The Fermi level of a solid-state body is the thermodynamic work required to add one electron to the body. It is a thermodynamic quantity usually denoted by μ or EF
for brevity. The Fermi level does not include the work required to remove the electron from wherever it came from.
A precise understanding of the Fermi leve... | Fermi level | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,406 | [
"Electron",
"Electronic band structures",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
154,664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbulence | In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers with no disruption between those layers.
Turbulence is commonly observed in everyday phenomena such as s... | Turbulence | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 5,097 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Turbulence",
"Chemical engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Flow regimes",
"nan",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
155,443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion | Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide. It is the gradual deterioration of materials (usually a metal) by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Corrosion engineering is the field dedicated to controlling and preventing corrosion.
In the m... | Corrosion | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 7,008 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glass chemistry",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Corrosion",
"Electrochemistry",
"nan",
"Materials degradation"
] |
155,558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandia%20National%20Laboratories | Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), also known as Sandia, is one of three research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Headquartered in Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico, it has a second principal facility next to Law... | Sandia National Laboratories | [
"Physics"
] | 3,534 | [
"Plasma physics facilities",
"Plasma physics"
] |
155,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride | Fluoride () is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula (also written ), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes, and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in t... | Fluoride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,104 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Matter",
"Properties of chemical elements",
"Anions",
"Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements",
"Salts",
"Biochemistry",
"Fluorides",
"Ions"
] |
155,715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroelectricity | Pyroelectricity (from Greek: pyr (πυρ), "fire" and electricity) is a property of certain crystals which are naturally electrically polarized and as a result contain large electric fields. Pyroelectricity can be described as the ability of certain materials to generate a temporary voltage when they are heated or cooled.... | Pyroelectricity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,581 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Crystallography",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Crystals",
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
155,758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20assist | A gravity assist, gravity assist maneuver, swing-by, or generally a gravitational slingshot in orbital mechanics, is a type of spaceflight flyby which makes use of the relative movement (e.g. orbit around the Sun) and gravity of a planet or other astronomical object to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft, typical... | Gravity assist | [
"Engineering"
] | 4,356 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
155,760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohmann%20transfer%20orbit | In astronautics, the Hohmann transfer orbit () is an orbital maneuver used to transfer a spacecraft between two orbits of different altitudes around a central body. For example, a Hohmann transfer could be used to raise a satellite's orbit from low Earth orbit to geostationary orbit. In the idealized case, the initial ... | Hohmann transfer orbit | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,516 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
155,823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievert | The sievert (symbol: Sv) is a unit in the International System of Units (SI) intended to represent the stochastic health risk of ionizing radiation, which is defined as the probability of causing radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage. The sievert is important in dosimetry and radiation protection. It is named aft... | Sievert | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 5,398 | [
"Radiation health effects",
"Units of measurement",
"Radiobiology",
"Quantity",
"Units of radioactivity",
"Units of radiation dose",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radiation effects",
"Radioactivity"
] |
155,829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie%20%28unit%29 | The curie (symbol Ci) is a non-SI unit of radioactivity originally defined in 1910. According to a notice in Nature at the time, it was to be named in honour of Pierre Curie, but was considered at least by some to be in honour of Marie Curie as well, and is in later literature considered to be named for both.
It was o... | Curie (unit) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 832 | [
"Non-SI metric units",
"Quantity",
"Units of radioactivity",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics",
"Units of measurement"
] |
155,835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becquerel | The becquerel (; symbol: Bq) is the unit of radioactivity in the International System of Units (SI). One becquerel is defined as an activity of one per second, on average, for aperiodic activity events referred to a radionuclide. For applications relating to human health this is a small quantity, and SI multiples of th... | Becquerel | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 939 | [
"Quantity",
"Units of radioactivity",
"Radioactivity",
"Units of frequency",
"Units of measurement"
] |
156,267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosplay | Cosplay, a blend word of "costume play", is an activity and performance art in which participants called cosplayers wear costumes and fashion accessories to represent a specific character. Cosplayers often interact to create a subculture, and a broader use of the term "cosplay" applies to any costumed role-playing in v... | Cosplay | [
"Engineering"
] | 7,730 | [
"Costume design",
"Design"
] |
156,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtechnology | Microtechnology is technology whose features have dimensions of the order of one micrometre (one millionth of a metre, or 10−6 metre, or 1μm). It focuses on physical and chemical processes as well as the production or manipulation of structures with one-micrometre magnitude.
Development
Around 1970, scientists learne... | Microtechnology | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 978 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Materials science",
"Microtechnology"
] |
10,731,502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeycomb%20structure | Honeycomb structures are natural or man-made structures that have the geometry of a honeycomb to allow the minimization of the amount of used material to reach minimal weight and minimal material cost. The geometry of honeycomb structures can vary widely but the common feature of all such structures is an array of holl... | Honeycomb structure | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,923 | [
"Buildings and structures by type",
"Aerospace materials",
"Composite materials",
"Materials",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Matter",
"Architecture"
] |
10,732,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine%20racemase%20%28ATP-hydrolysing%29 | The enzyme phenylalanine racemase (, phenylalanine racemase, phenylalanine racemase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolysing), gramicidin S synthetase I) is the enzyme that acts on amino acids and derivatives. It activates both the L & D stereo isomers of phenylalanine to form L-phenylalanyl adenylate and D-phenylalanyl ade... | Phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolysing) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 533 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism",
"Cellular processes"
] |
10,736,521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinylmonocholine | Succinylmonocholine is an ester of succinic acid and choline created by the metabolism of suxamethonium chloride.
See also
Succinic acid
Choline
References
Choline esters
Carboxylic acids
Quaternary ammonium compounds | Succinylmonocholine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 57 | [
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups"
] |
10,737,785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating%20nuclear%20power%20plant | A floating nuclear power plant is a floating power station that derives its energy from a nuclear reactor. Instead of a stationary complex on land, they consist of a floating structure such as an offshore platform, barge or conventional ship.
Since the reactors employed are smaller in size and power than most commerci... | Floating nuclear power plant | [
"Physics"
] | 526 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Physical quantities",
"Nuclear power"
] |
5,436,866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamaker%20theory | After the explanation of van der Waals forces by Fritz London, several scientists soon realised that his definition could be extended from the interaction of two molecules with induced dipoles to macro-scale objects by summing all of the forces between the molecules in each of the bodies involved. The theory is named a... | Hamaker theory | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 217 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Intermolecular forces",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
5,442,545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction%20hardening | Induction hardening is a type of surface hardening in which a metal part is induction-heated and then quenched. The quenched metal undergoes a martensitic transformation, increasing the hardness and brittleness of the part. Induction hardening is used to selectively harden areas of a part or assembly without affectin... | Induction hardening | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,227 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Metal heat treatments"
] |
5,443,884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornstein%20isomorphism%20theorem | In mathematics, the Ornstein isomorphism theorem is a deep result in ergodic theory. It states that if two Bernoulli schemes have the same Kolmogorov entropy, then they are isomorphic. The result, given by Donald Ornstein in 1970, is important because it states that many systems previously believed to be unrelated ar... | Ornstein isomorphism theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 696 | [
"Symbolic dynamics",
"Ergodic theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
6,936,536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl%E2%80%93Meyer%20expansion%20fan | A supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan, a two-dimensional simple wave, is a centered expansion process that occurs when a supersonic flow turns around a convex corner. The fan consists of an infinite number of Mach waves, diverging from a sharp corner. When a flow turns around a sm... | Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 955 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Conservation laws",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Conservation equations",
"Symmetry",
"Physics theorems"
] |
6,938,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary%20vacuum-drum%20filter | A Rotary Vacuum Filter Drum consists of a cylindrical filter membrane that is partly sub-merged in a slurry to be filtered. The inside of the drum is held lower than the ambient pressure. As the drum rotates through the slurry, the liquid is sucked through the membrane, leaving solids to cake on the membrane surface wh... | Rotary vacuum-drum filter | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 3,533 | [
"Separation processes",
"Chemical equipment",
"Filters",
"Filtration",
"nan"
] |
6,945,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blondel%27s%20theorem | Blondel's theorem, named after its discoverer, French electrical engineer André Blondel, is the result of his attempt to simplify both the measurement of electrical energy and the validation of such measurements.
The result is a simple rule that specifies the minimum number of watt-hour meters required to measure th... | Blondel's theorem | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,052 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Eponymous theorems of physics",
"Power (physics)",
"Electric power",
"Electrical engineering",
"Physics theorems"
] |
15,901,488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescribed%20scalar%20curvature%20problem | In Riemannian geometry, a branch of mathematics, the prescribed scalar curvature problem is as follows: given a closed, smooth manifold M and a smooth, real-valued function ƒ on M, construct a Riemannian metric on M whose scalar curvature equals ƒ. Due primarily to the work of J. Kazdan and F. Warner in the 1970s, thi... | Prescribed scalar curvature problem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 285 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Mathematical problems",
"Physical quantities",
"Curvature (mathematics)"
] |
2,964,718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20remittance%20advice | An electronic remittance advice (ERA) is an electronic data interchange (EDI) version of a medical insurance payment explanation. It provides details about providers' claims payment, and if the claims are denied, it would then contain the required explanations. The explanations include the denial codes and the descript... | Electronic remittance advice | [
"Technology"
] | 158 | [
"Computer standards",
"Data interchange standards"
] |
2,970,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam%20emittance | In accelerator physics, emittance is a property of a charged particle beam. It refers to the area occupied by the beam in a position-and-momentum phase space.
Each particle in a beam can be described by its position and momentum along each of three orthogonal axes, for a total of six position and momentum coordinates.... | Beam emittance | [
"Physics"
] | 3,384 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
2,970,044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20damping | Radiation damping in accelerator physics is a phenomenum where betatron oscillations and longitudinal oscilations of the particle are damped due to energy loss by synchrotron radiation. It can be used to reduce the beam emittance of a high-velocity charged particle beam.
The two main ways of using radiation damping to... | Radiation damping | [
"Physics"
] | 881 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
1,500,520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20sea | A cross sea (also referred to as a squared sea or square waves) is a sea state of wind-generated ocean waves that form nonparallel wave systems. Cross seas have a large amount of directional spreading. This may occur when water waves from one weather system continue despite a shift in wind. Waves generated by the new w... | Cross sea | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 217 | [
"Water waves",
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,501,608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montmorillonite | Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate group of minerals that form when they precipitate from water solution as microscopic crystals, known as clay. It is named after Montmorillon in France. Montmorillonite, a member of the smectite group, is a 2:1 clay, meaning that it has two tetrahedral sheets of silica sandw... | Montmorillonite | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,410 | [
"Catalysis",
"Catalysts",
"Luminescence",
"Luminescent minerals",
"Desiccants",
"Materials",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Matter"
] |
1,502,748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Noumbi | La Noumbi is a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit operated by Perenco. The vessel, converted from the former Finnish Aframax crude oil tanker Tempera by Keppel Corporation, will replace an older FPSO unit in the Yombo field off the Republic of Congo in 2018.
Built at Sumitomo Heavy Industries in Ja... | La Noumbi | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,703 | [
"Floating production storage and offloading vessels",
"Petroleum technology"
] |
1,502,835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamic%20generator | A magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD generator) is a magnetohydrodynamic converter that transforms thermal energy and kinetic energy directly into electricity. An MHD generator, like a conventional generator, relies on moving a conductor through a magnetic field to generate electric current. The MHD generator uses hot ... | Magnetohydrodynamic generator | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 5,936 | [
"Electrical generators",
"Machines",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"nan"
] |
1,503,112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domed%20city | A domed city is a hypothetical structure that encloses a large urban area under a single roof. In most descriptions, the dome is airtight and pressurized, creating a habitat that can be controlled for air temperature, composition and quality, typically due to an external atmosphere (or lack thereof) that is inimical to... | Domed city | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 831 | [
"Exploratory engineering",
"Proposed arcologies",
"Architecture related to utopias",
"Architecture"
] |
1,503,166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal%20yield | In formal language theory, the terminal yield (or fringe) of a tree is the sequence of leaves encountered in an ordered walk of the tree.
Parse trees and/or derivation trees are encountered in the study of phrase structure grammars such as context-free grammars or linear grammars. The leaves of a derivation tree for ... | Terminal yield | [
"Mathematics"
] | 143 | [
"Formal languages",
"Mathematical logic"
] |
1,503,224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20boundedness | In mathematics, a function is locally bounded if it is bounded around every point. A family of functions is locally bounded if for any point in their domain all the functions are bounded around that point and by the same number.
Locally bounded function
A real-valued or complex-valued function defined on some topolo... | Local boundedness | [
"Mathematics"
] | 922 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Theory of continuous functions",
"Mathematical objects",
"Topology",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
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