id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
972,711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-photon%20avalanche%20diode | A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), also called Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (G-APD or GM-APD) is a solid-state photodetector within the same family as photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes (APDs), while also being fundamentally linked with basic diode behaviours. As with photodiodes and APDs, a SPAD is based a... | Single-photon avalanche diode | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 5,830 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Particle detectors",
"Optical devices",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
972,800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal%20plain | An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between . Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest, and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal... | Abyssal plain | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 6,499 | [
"Aquatic ecology",
"Ecosystems",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
973,239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethion | Ethion (C9H22O4P2S4) is an organophosphate insecticide. It is known to affect the neural enzyme acetylcholinesterase and disrupt its function.
History
Ethion was first registered in the US as an insecticide in the 1950s. Annual usage of ethion since then has varied depending on overall crop yields and weather conditi... | Ethion | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,764 | [
"Functional groups",
"Phosphorodithioates"
] |
973,296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong%20Dizhou | Tong Dizhou (; May 28, 1902 – March 30, 1979) was a Chinese embryologist known for his contributions to the field of cloning. He was a vice president of Chinese Academy of Science.
Biography
Born in Yinxian, Zhejiang province, Tong graduated from Fudan University in 1924 with a degree in biology, and received a PhD in... | Tong Dizhou | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 257 | [
"Cloning",
"Genetic engineering"
] |
973,372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20Future%20Systems%20project | The Future Systems project (FS) was a research and development project undertaken in IBM in the early 1970s to develop a revolutionary line of computer products, including new software models which would simplify software development by exploiting modern powerful hardware. The new systems were intended to replace the S... | IBM Future Systems project | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 5,135 | [
"Information technology",
"Computing platforms",
"Information technology projects"
] |
973,479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-differential%20operator | In mathematical analysis a pseudo-differential operator is an extension of the concept of differential operator. Pseudo-differential operators are used extensively in the theory of partial differential equations and quantum field theory, e.g. in mathematical models that include ultrametric pseudo-differential equation... | Pseudo-differential operator | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,267 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Differential operators"
] |
973,828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20Euler%20equations | In fluid mechanics and astrophysics, the relativistic Euler equations are a generalization of the Euler equations that account for the effects of general relativity. They have applications in high-energy astrophysics and numerical relativity, where they are commonly used for describing phenomena such as gamma-ray burst... | Relativistic Euler equations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 715 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Special relativity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
974,084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20manifolds | This is a list of particular manifolds, by Wikipedia page. See also list of geometric topology topics. For categorical listings see :Category:Manifolds and its subcategories.
Generic families of manifolds
Euclidean space, Rn
n-sphere, Sn
n-torus, Tn
Real projective space, RPn
Complex projective space, CPn
Quate... | List of manifolds | [
"Mathematics"
] | 488 | [
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Manifolds",
"Space (mathematics)"
] |
974,169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20function | In mathematics, an algebraic function is a function that can be defined
as the root of an irreducible polynomial equation. Algebraic functions are often algebraic expressions using a finite number of terms, involving only the algebraic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and raising to a fracti... | Algebraic function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,721 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Special functions",
"Algebra",
"Polynomials",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Algebraic number theory",
"Types of functions",
"Number theory"
] |
974,191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkhead%20%28partition%29 | A bulkhead is an upright wall within the hull of a ship, within the fuselage of an airplane, or a car. Other kinds of partition elements within a ship are decks and deckheads.
Etymology
The word bulki meant "cargo" in Old Norse. During the 15th century sailors and builders in Europe realized that walls within a ves... | Bulkhead (partition) | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,439 | [
"Shipbuilding",
"Marine engineering"
] |
974,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20circuit | In electricity supply design, a ring circuit is an electrical wiring technique in which sockets and the distribution point are connected in a ring. It is contrasted with the usual radial circuit, in which sockets and the distribution point are connected in a line with the distribution point at one end.
Ring circuits ... | Ring circuit | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,151 | [
"Electrical systems",
"Building engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Electricity supply circuits",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical wiring"
] |
11,726,298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20extension | In order theory, a branch of mathematics, a linear extension of a partial order is a total order (or linear order) that is compatible with the partial order. As a classic example, the lexicographic order of totally ordered sets is a linear extension of their product order.
Definitions
Linear extension of a partial or... | Linear extension | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,119 | [
"Order theory"
] |
11,727,583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macropod%20hybrid | Macropod hybrids are hybrids of animals within the family Macropodidae, which includes kangaroos and wallabies. Several macropod hybrids have been experimentally bred, including:
Some hybrids between similar species have been achieved by housing males of one species and females of the other together to limit the choic... | Macropod hybrid | [
"Biology"
] | 132 | [
"Intergeneric hybrids",
"Hybrid organisms"
] |
11,730,924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit%20order | The merit order is a way of ranking available sources of energy, especially electrical generation, based on ascending order of price (which may reflect the order of their short-run marginal costs of production) and sometimes pollution, together with amount of energy that will be generated. In a centralized management s... | Merit order | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,061 | [
"Government by algorithm",
"Physical quantities",
"Energy economics",
"Automation",
"Power (physics)",
"Electric power",
"Electrical engineering",
"Environmental social science"
] |
11,733,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction%20torque | In mechanics, friction torque is the torque caused by the frictional force that occurs when two objects in contact move. Like all torques, it is a rotational force that may be measured in newton meters or pounds-feet.
Engineering
Friction torque can be disruptive in engineering. There are a variety of measures engine... | Friction torque | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 255 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
11,733,219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%28II%29%20iodide | Tin(II) iodide, also known as stannous iodide, is an ionic tin salt of iodine with the formula SnI2. It has a formula weight of 372.519 g/mol. It is a red to red-orange solid. Its melting point is 320 °C, and its boiling point is 714 °C.
Tin(II) iodide can be synthesised by heating metallic tin with iodine in 2 M h... | Tin(II) iodide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 126 | [
"Redox",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Salts",
"Reducing agents",
"Metal halides"
] |
11,733,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedel%27s%20law | Friedel's law, named after Georges Friedel, is a property of Fourier transforms of real functions.
Given a real function , its Fourier transform
has the following properties.
where is the complex conjugate of .
Centrosymmetric points are called Friedel's pairs.
The squared amplitude () is centrosymmetric:
The... | Friedel's law | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 148 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography stubs",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
2,970,491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnjoe%20McFadden | Johnjoe McFadden (born 17 May 1956) is an Anglo-Irish scientist, academic and writer. He is Professor of Molecular Genetics at the University of Surrey, United Kingdom.
Life
McFadden was born in Donegal, Ireland but raised in the UK. He holds joint British and Irish Nationality. He obtained his BSc in Biochemistry Uni... | Johnjoe McFadden | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 880 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"nan",
"Quantum biology"
] |
2,970,534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufenuron | Lufenuron is the active ingredient in the veterinary flea control medication Program, and one of the two active ingredients in the flea, heartworm, and anthelmintic medicine milbemycin oxime/lufenuron (Sentinel).
Lufenuron is stored in the animal's body fat and transferred to adult fleas through the host's blood when ... | Lufenuron | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 305 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Fungicides",
"Biocides",
"Ureas"
] |
2,970,774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant%20flux | In radiometry, radiant flux or radiant power is the radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received per unit time, and spectral flux or spectral power is the radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of ... | Radiant flux | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 330 | [
"Temporal quantities",
"Physical phenomena",
"Force",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Temporal rates",
"Power (physics)",
"Energy (physics)",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Physical properties",
"Radiometry"
] |
2,971,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing%20process%20management | Manufacturing process management (MPM) is a collection of technologies and methods used to define how products are to be manufactured. MPM differs from ERP/MRP which is used to plan the ordering of materials and other resources, set manufacturing schedules, and compile cost data.
A cornerstone of MPM is the central re... | Manufacturing process management | [
"Engineering"
] | 418 | [
"Engineering economics",
"Engineering management",
"Manufacturing",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
2,971,205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Deemter%20equation | The van Deemter equation in chromatography, named for Jan van Deemter, relates the variance per unit length of a separation column to the linear mobile phase velocity by considering physical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of a separation. These properties include pathways within the column, diffusion (axial and... | Van Deemter equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 834 | [
"Chromatography",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Separation processes"
] |
2,971,730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static%20mixer | A static mixer is a device for the continuous mixing of fluid materials, without moving components. Normally the fluids to be mixed are liquid, but static mixers can also be used to mix gas streams, disperse gas into liquid or blend immiscible liquids. The energy needed for mixing comes from a loss in pressure as flui... | Static mixer | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 653 | [
"Turbulence",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,973,866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum%20transfer | In particle physics, wave mechanics, and optics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum that one particle gives to another particle. It is also called the scattering vector as it describes the transfer of wavevector in wave mechanics.
In the simplest example of scattering of two colliding particles with initial m... | Momentum transfer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 391 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Diffraction",
"Crystallography",
"Spectroscopy",
"Momentum",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
2,973,881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel%20injection | Tunnel injection is a field electron emission effect; specifically a quantum process called Fowler–Nordheim tunneling, whereby charge carriers are injected to an electric conductor through a thin layer of an electric insulator.
It is used to program NAND flash memory. The process used for erasing is called tunnel rel... | Tunnel injection | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 136 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Matter",
"Physical quantities",
"Semiconductors",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Solid state engineering",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
2,973,937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split%20supersymmetry | In particle physics, split supersymmetry is a proposal for physics beyond the Standard Model.
History
It was proposed separately in three papers. The first by James Wells in June 2003 in a more modest form that mildly relaxed the assumption about naturalness in the Higgs potential. In May 2004 Nima Arkani-Hamed and S... | Split supersymmetry | [
"Physics"
] | 1,379 | [
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Particle physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
2,974,045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological%20natural%20selection | Cosmological natural selection, also called the fecund universes, is a hypothesis proposed by Lee Smolin intended as a scientific alternative to the anthropic principle. It addresses why our universe has the particular properties that allow for complexity and life. The hypothesis suggests that a process analogous to bi... | Cosmological natural selection | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,056 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
2,974,121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs%20phase | In theoretical physics, it is often important to consider gauge theory that admits many physical phenomena and "phases", connected by phase transitions, in which the vacuum may be found.
Global symmetries in a gauge theory may be broken by the Higgs mechanism. In more general theories such as those relevant in string ... | Higgs phase | [
"Physics"
] | 282 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
2,974,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Added%20mass | In fluid mechanics, added mass or virtual mass is the inertia added to a system because an accelerating or decelerating body must move (or deflect) some volume of surrounding fluid as it moves through it. Added mass is a common issue because the object and surrounding fluid cannot occupy the same physical space simulta... | Added mass | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,704 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,975,044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20units%20of%20measurement | The traditional Polish units of measurement included two uniform yet distinct systems of weights and measures, as well as a number of related systems borrowed from neighbouring states. The first attempt at standardisation came with the introduction of the Old Polish measurement [system], also dubbed the Warsaw system, ... | Polish units of measurement | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,069 | [
"Obsolete units of measurement",
"Systems of units",
"Units of measurement by country",
"Quantity",
"Units of measurement"
] |
6,950,441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxamic%20acid | In organic chemistry, hydroxamic acids are a class of organic compounds having a general formula bearing the functional group , where R and R' are typically organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl) or hydrogen. They are amides () wherein the nitrogen atom has a hydroxyl () substituent. They are often used as metal chelato... | Hydroxamic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 694 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Functional groups",
"Hydroxamic acids"
] |
6,953,458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadley%20cell | The Hadley cell, also known as the Hadley circulation, is a global-scale tropical atmospheric circulation that features air rising near the equator, flowing poleward near the tropopause at a height of above the Earth's surface, cooling and descending in the subtropics at around 25 degrees latitude, and then returning ... | Hadley cell | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 9,117 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
13,245,649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble%20point | In thermodynamics, the bubble point is the temperature (at a given pressure) where the first bubble of vapor is formed when heating a liquid consisting of two or more components. Given that vapor will probably have a different composition than the liquid, the bubble point (along with the dew point) at different compos... | Bubble point | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 224 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Temperature",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Physical quantities",
"Gases",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"SI base quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Wikipedia ... |
42,975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble%27s%20law | Hubble's law, also known as the Hubble–Lemaître law, is the observation in physical cosmology that galaxies are moving away from Earth at speeds proportional to their distance. In other words, the farther a galaxy is from the Earth, the faster it moves away. A galaxy's recessional velocity is typically determined by me... | Hubble's law | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 7,331 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Equations of astronomy",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
42,986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20current | Alternating current (AC) is an electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time, in contrast to direct current (DC), which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in which electric power is delivered to businesses and residences, and it is the f... | Alternating current | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 5,720 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Electrical engineering",
"Power (physics)",
"Electric power",
"Electric current",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
43,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee | A levee ( or ), dike (American English), dyke (British English; see spelling differences), embankment, floodbank, or stop bank is an elevated ridge, natural or artificial, alongside the banks of a river, often intended to protect against flooding of the area adjoining the river. It is usually earthen and often runs par... | Levee | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 4,165 | [
"Flood control",
"Riparian zone",
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
43,050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Darwinism | Neo-Darwinism is generally used to describe any integration of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection with Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics. It mostly refers to evolutionary theory from either 1895 (for the combinations of Darwin's and August Weismann's theories of evolution) or 1942 ("modern synth... | Neo-Darwinism | [
"Biology"
] | 568 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
43,052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20evolution | Quantum evolution is a component of George Gaylord Simpson's multi-tempoed theory of evolution proposed to explain the rapid emergence of higher taxonomic groups in the fossil record. According to Simpson, evolutionary rates differ from group to group and even among closely related lineages. These different rates of ev... | Quantum evolution | [
"Biology"
] | 1,286 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
43,093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellum | A flagellum (; : flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are known as flagellates.
A microorganism may have from ... | Flagellum | [
"Biology"
] | 6,128 | [
"Prokaryotes",
"Microorganisms",
"Bacteria"
] |
43,218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf%27s%20law | Zipf's law (; ) is an empirical law stating that when a list of measured values is sorted in decreasing order, the value of the -th entry is often approximately inversely proportional to .
The best known instance of Zipf's law applies to the frequency table of words in a text or corpus of natural language:
It is usua... | Zipf's law | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 2,801 | [
"Metrics",
"Bibliometrics",
"Quantity",
"Science and technology studies",
"Computational linguistics",
"Natural language and computing"
] |
43,476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations%20research | Operations research () (U.S. Air Force Specialty Code: Operations Analysis), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a branch of applied mathematics that deals with the development and application of analytical methods to improve decision-making. Although the term management science is sometimes used similarly, the tw... | Operations research | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 5,917 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Industrial engineering",
"Operations research",
"nan",
"Mathematical economics",
"Applied statistics"
] |
43,589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorite | Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It belongs to the halide minerals. It crystallizes in isometric cubic habit, although octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon.
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison, defines value 4 a... | Fluorite | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,878 | [
"Luminescence",
"Luminescent minerals"
] |
43,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux | Flux describes any effect that appears to pass or travel (whether it actually moves or not) through a surface or substance. Flux is a concept in applied mathematics and vector calculus which has many applications in physics. For transport phenomena, flux is a vector quantity, describing the magnitude and direction of ... | Flux | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,596 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantity",
"Physical properties",
"Physical quantities"
] |
43,972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial%20pressure | In a mixture of gases, each constituent gas has a partial pressure which is the notional pressure of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture... | Partial pressure | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,077 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Engineering thermodynamics",
"Phases of matter",
"Pressure",
"Thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physical chemistry",
"Gases",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Equilibrium chemistry",
"Distillation",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Scalar phy... |
44,044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanography | Oceanography (), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.
It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; fluxe... | Oceanography | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 5,004 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
44,058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Bang%20nucleosynthesis | In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, and abbreviated as BBN) is the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen (hydrogen-1, 1H, having a single proton as a nucleus) during the early phases of the universe. This type of nucleosynthesis ... | Big Bang nucleosynthesis | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 4,459 | [
"Physical cosmological concepts",
"Nuclear fission",
"Cosmogony",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Big Bang",
"Astrophysics",
"Nucleosynthesis",
"Nuclear physics",
"Nuclear fusion"
] |
44,145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interquartile%20mean | The interquartile mean (IQM) (or midmean) is a statistical measure of central tendency based on the truncated mean of the interquartile range. The IQM is very similar to the scoring method used in sports that are evaluated by a panel of judges: discard the lowest and the highest scores; calculate the mean value of the ... | Interquartile mean | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,144 | [
"Means",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Symmetry"
] |
44,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative%20force | In physics, a conservative force is a force with the property that the total work done by the force in moving a particle between two points is independent of the path taken. Equivalently, if a particle travels in a closed loop, the total work done (the sum of the force acting along the path multiplied by the displacem... | Conservative force | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,339 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
44,284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding%20DNA | Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the non-coding DNA fraction include... | Non-coding DNA | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,761 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
44,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien%27s%20displacement%20law | In physics, Wien's displacement law states that the black-body radiation curve for different temperatures will peak at different wavelengths that are inversely proportional to the temperature. The shift of that peak is a direct consequence of the Planck radiation law, which describes the spectral brightness or intensit... | Wien's displacement law | [
"Physics"
] | 2,831 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Foundational quantum physics",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Waves",
"Light",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
44,401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20dwarf | Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that have more mass than the biggest gas giant planets, but less than the least massive main-sequence stars. Their mass is approximately 13 to 80 times that of Jupiter ()not big enough to sustain nuclear fusion of ordinary hydrogen (1H) into helium in their cores, but massive enough... | Brown dwarf | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 12,088 | [
"Definition of planet",
"Physical phenomena",
"Astronomical controversies",
"Astronomical classification systems",
"Substellar objects",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical objects",
"Star types"
] |
44,495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20motor | A linear motor is an electric motor that has had its stator and rotor "unrolled", thus, instead of producing a torque (rotation), it produces a linear force along its length. However, linear motors are not necessarily straight. Characteristically, a linear motor's active section has ends, whereas more conventional moto... | Linear motor | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,216 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Engines",
"Electric motors",
"Motion (physics)",
"Electrical engineering",
"Linear motion"
] |
44,708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroelectricity | In physics and materials science, ferroelectricity is a characteristic of certain materials that have a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field. All ferroelectrics are also piezoelectric and pyroelectric, with the additional property that their natural ele... | Ferroelectricity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,014 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Ferroelectric materials",
"Phases of matter",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Materials",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Hysteresis",
"Matter"
] |
44,726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoresistance | Magnetoresistance is the tendency of a material (often ferromagnetic) to change the value of its electrical resistance in an externally-applied magnetic field. There are a variety of effects that can be called magnetoresistance. Some occur in bulk non-magnetic metals and semiconductors, such as geometrical magnetoresis... | Magnetoresistance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,585 | [
"Magnetoresistance",
"Physical quantities",
"Spintronics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic ordering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
44,790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosity | Luminosity is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic energy per unit time, and is synonymous with the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object. In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of electromagnetic energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical objects.
In SI units,... | Luminosity | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,688 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Astrophysics",
"Physical properties"
] |
44,883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding | Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, primarily by using high temperature to melt the parts together and allow them to cool, causing fusion. Common alternative methods include solvent welding (of thermoplastics) using chemicals to melt materials being bonded without he... | Welding | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 9,833 | [
"Welding",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
318,051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20mass%20action | In chemistry, the law of mass action is the proposition that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the activities or concentrations of the reactants. It explains and predicts behaviors of solutions in dynamic equilibrium. Specifically, it implies that for a chemical reaction mixture... | Law of mass action | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,674 | [
"Equilibrium chemistry",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Chemical reaction engineering"
] |
318,370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuBisCO | Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme () involved in the light-independent (or "dark") part of photosynthesis, including the carbon fixation by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants and other photosynthe... | RuBisCO | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,409 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Photosynthesis"
] |
318,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavendish%20experiment | The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by English scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant. Because of the unit conventions then in use, the gravitational constant ... | Cavendish experiment | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,801 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Geodesy",
"Experimental physics",
"Physics experiments"
] |
318,742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20space | In mathematics, hyperbolic space of dimension n is the unique simply connected, n-dimensional Riemannian manifold of constant sectional curvature equal to −1. It is homogeneous, and satisfies the stronger property of being a symmetric space. There are many ways to construct it as an open subset of with an explicitly w... | Hyperbolic space | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,605 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Group actions",
"Homogeneous spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
318,920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosimetry | Radiation dosimetry in the fields of health physics and radiation protection is the measurement, calculation and assessment of the ionizing radiation dose absorbed by an object, usually the human body. This applies both internally, due to ingested or inhaled radioactive substances, or externally due to irradiation by s... | Dosimetry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,933 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Radiobiology",
"Medical physics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radioactivity"
] |
319,341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidance%20system | A guidance system is a virtual or physical device, or a group of devices implementing a controlling the movement of a ship, aircraft, missile, rocket, satellite, or any other moving object. Guidance is the process of calculating the changes in position, velocity, altitude, and/or rotation rates of a moving object requi... | Guidance system | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,246 | [
"Control engineering",
"Applications of control engineering"
] |
319,484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20tangents | In trigonometry, the law of tangents or tangent rule is a statement about the relationship between the tangents of two angles of a triangle and the lengths of the opposing sides.
In Figure 1, , , and are the lengths of the three sides of the triangle, and , , and are the angles opposite those three respective sides.... | Law of tangents | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 670 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Angle"
] |
319,506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient-voltage-suppression%20diode | A transient-voltage-suppression (TVS) diode, also transil, transorb or thyrector, is an electronic component used to protect electronics from voltage spikes induced on connected wires.
Description
The device operates by shunting excess current when the induced voltage exceeds the avalanche breakdown potential. It is a... | Transient-voltage-suppression diode | [
"Physics"
] | 779 | [
"Voltage",
"Voltage stability",
"Physical quantities"
] |
319,515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon%20controlled%20rectifier | A silicon controlled rectifier or semiconductor controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device. The name "silicon controlled rectifier" is General Electric's trade name for a type of thyristor. The principle of four-layer p–n–p–n switching was developed by Moll, Tanenbaum, Goldey, and Holo... | Silicon controlled rectifier | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,934 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Power electronics"
] |
319,536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7400-series%20integrated%20circuits | The 7400 series is a popular logic family of transistor–transistor logic (TTL) integrated circuits (ICs).
In 1964, Texas Instruments introduced the SN5400 series of logic chips, in a ceramic semiconductor package. A low-cost plastic package SN7400 series was introduced in 1966 which quickly gained over 50% of the logi... | 7400-series integrated circuits | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,276 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Integrated circuits",
"Digital electronics"
] |
319,613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage%20spike | In electrical engineering, spikes are fast, short duration electrical transients in voltage (voltage spikes), current (current spikes), or transferred energy (energy spikes) in an electrical circuit.
Fast, short duration electrical transients (overvoltages) in the electric potential of a circuit are typically caused b... | Voltage spike | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 542 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Electronic engineering",
"Voltage",
"Voltage stability",
"Power electronics"
] |
319,834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford%20scattering%20experiments | The Rutherford scattering experiments were a landmark series of experiments by which scientists learned that every atom has a nucleus where all of its positive charge and most of its mass is concentrated. They deduced this after measuring how an alpha particle beam is scattered when it strikes a thin metal foil. The ... | Rutherford scattering experiments | [
"Physics"
] | 9,803 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Foundational quantum physics",
"Experimental physics",
"Physics experiments"
] |
320,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrex | Pyrex (trademarked as PYREX and pyrex) is a brand introduced by Corning Inc. in 1915, initially for a line of clear, low-thermal-expansion borosilicate glass used for laboratory glassware and kitchenware. It was later expanded in the 1930s to include kitchenware products made of soda–lime glass and other materials. Its... | Pyrex | [
"Physics"
] | 1,788 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Optical phenomena",
"Materials",
"Transparent materials",
"Matter"
] |
1,505,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20silence | In telecommunications, radio silence or emissions control (EMCON) is a status in which all fixed or mobile radio stations in an area are asked to stop transmitting for safety or security reasons.
The term "radio station" may include anything capable of transmitting a radio signal. A single ship, aircraft, or spacecraf... | Radio silence | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,386 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Spacecraft communication",
"Radio communications",
"Military communications",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
1,507,559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdecadal%20Pacific%20oscillation | The Interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) is an oceanographic/meteorological phenomenon similar to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), but occurring in a wider area of the Pacific. While the PDO occurs in mid-latitudes of the Pacific Ocean in the northern hemisphere, the IPO stretches from the southern hemisphere i... | Interdecadal Pacific oscillation | [
"Physics"
] | 179 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
1,508,507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20projection | The vector projection (also known as the vector component or vector resolution) of a vector on (or onto) a nonzero vector is the orthogonal projection of onto a straight line parallel to .
The projection of onto is often written as or .
The vector component or vector resolute of perpendicular to , sometimes al... | Vector projection | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,118 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Transformation (function)",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Geometry"
] |
1,508,678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansei%20engineering | Kansei engineering (Japanese: 感性工学 kansei kougaku, emotional or affective engineering) aims at the development or improvement of products and services by translating the customer's psychological feelings and needs into the domain of product design (i.e. parameters). It was founded by Mitsuo Nagamachi, professor emeritu... | Kansei engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,192 | [
"nan"
] |
1,509,289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetostatics | Magnetostatics is the study of magnetic fields in systems where the currents are steady (not changing with time). It is the magnetic analogue of electrostatics, where the charges are stationary. The magnetization need not be static; the equations of magnetostatics can be used to predict fast magnetic switching events t... | Magnetostatics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 873 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science"
] |
1,510,452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll%20center | The roll center of a vehicle is the notional point at which the cornering forces in the suspension are reacted to the vehicle body.
There are two definitions of roll center. The most commonly used is the geometric (or kinematic) roll center, whereas the Society of Automotive Engineers uses a force-based definition.
D... | Roll center | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 472 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Classical mechanics",
"Vehicle technology",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline",
"Symmetry"
] |
1,511,304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetting%20layer | A wetting layer is an monolayer of atoms that is epitaxially grown on a flat surface. The atoms forming the wetting layer can be semimetallic elements/compounds or metallic alloys (for thin films). Wetting layers form when depositing a lattice-mismatched material on a crystalline substrate. This article refers to the w... | Wetting layer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 427 | [
"Quantum electronics",
"Thin film deposition",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
14,407,845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextuple%20bond | A sextuple bond is a type of covalent bond involving 12 bonding electrons and in which the bond order is 6. The only known molecules with true sextuple bonds are the diatomic dimolybdenum (Mo2) and ditungsten (W2), which exist in the gaseous phase and have boiling points of and respectively.
Theoretical analysis
Ro... | Sextuple bond | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,437 | [
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
14,411,227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20state%20soil%20mechanics | Critical state soil mechanics is the area of soil mechanics that encompasses the conceptual models representing the mechanical behavior of saturated remoulded soils based on the critical state concept. At the critical state, the relationship between forces applied in the soil (stress), and the resulting deformation res... | Critical state soil mechanics | [
"Physics"
] | 2,287 | [
"Soil mechanics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
14,411,733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madelung%20equations | In theoretical physics, the Madelung equations, or the equations of quantum hydrodynamics, are Erwin Madelung's equivalent alternative formulation of the Schrödinger equation for a spinless non relativistic particle, written in terms of hydrodynamical variables, similar to the Navier–Stokes equations of fluid dynamics... | Madelung equations | [
"Physics"
] | 707 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
4,086,059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplastic%20olefin | Thermoplastic olefin, thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), or olefinic thermoplastic elastomers refer to polymer/filler blends usually consisting of some fraction of a thermoplastic, an elastomer or rubber, and usually a filler.
Outdoor applications such as roofing frequently contain TPO because it does not degrade under s... | Thermoplastic olefin | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 830 | [
"Polymer physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
4,086,824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective%20soldering | Selective soldering is the process of selectively soldering components to printed circuit boards and molded modules that could be damaged by the heat of a reflow oven or wave soldering in a traditional surface-mount technology (SMT) or through-hole technology assembly processes. This usually follows an SMT oven reflow ... | Selective soldering | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,082 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Printed circuit board manufacturing"
] |
4,087,965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20analysis | Genetic analysis is the overall process of studying and researching in fields of science that involve genetics and molecular biology. There are a number of applications that are developed from this research, and these are also considered parts of the process. The base system of analysis revolves around general genetics... | Genetic analysis | [
"Biology"
] | 1,392 | [
"Genetics"
] |
4,088,091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main%20battery | A main battery is the primary weapon or group of weapons around which a warship is designed. As such, a main battery was historically a naval gun or group of guns used in volleys, as in the broadsides of cannon on a ship of the line. Later, this came to be turreted groups of similar large-caliber naval rifles. With th... | Main battery | [
"Engineering"
] | 678 | [
"Shipbuilding",
"Marine engineering"
] |
4,088,449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractometer | A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction (refractometry). The index of refraction is calculated from the observed refraction angle using Snell's law. For mixtures, the index of refraction then allows the concentration to be determined using mixing rules such as the... | Refractometer | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,132 | [
"Refractometers",
"Food analysis",
"Food chemistry",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
4,090,318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vela%20Supernova%20Remnant |
The Vela supernova remnant is a supernova remnant in the southern constellation Vela. Its source Type II supernova exploded approximately 11,000 years ago (and was about 900 light-years away). The association of the Vela supernova remnant with the Vela pulsar, made by astronomers at the University of Sydney in 1968, w... | Vela Supernova Remnant | [
"Astronomy"
] | 290 | [
"Vela (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
4,093,697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20Carlo%20localization | Monte Carlo localization (MCL), also known as particle filter localization, is an algorithm for robots to localize using a particle filter. Given a map of the environment, the algorithm estimates the position and orientation of a robot as it moves and senses the environment. The algorithm uses a particle filter to repr... | Monte Carlo localization | [
"Physics"
] | 2,113 | [
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Computational physics"
] |
4,093,822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20in%20a%20package | A system in a package (SiP) or system-in-package is a number of integrated circuits (ICs) enclosed in one chip carrier package or encompassing an IC package substrate that may include passive components and perform the functions of an entire system. The ICs may be stacked using package on package, placed side by side,... | System in a package | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 971 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Packaging (microfabrication)",
"Microtechnology",
"Electronic design",
"Materials science",
"Computer systems",
"Computer science",
"Electronic engineering",
"Design",
"Computers",
"Integrated circuits"
] |
9,257,264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLUXNET | FLUXNET is a global network of micrometeorological tower sites that use eddy covariance methods to measure the exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere. FLUXNET is a global 'network of regional networks' that serves to provide an infrastructure to compile, archive and d... | FLUXNET | [
"Physics"
] | 1,241 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
9,258,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruppeiner%20geometry | Ruppeiner geometry is thermodynamic geometry (a type of information geometry) using the language of Riemannian geometry to study thermodynamics. George Ruppeiner proposed it in 1979. He claimed that thermodynamic systems can be represented by Riemannian geometry, and that statistical properties can be derived from the ... | Ruppeiner geometry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 795 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Mathematical physics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
9,263,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%20scandium%20tantalate | Lead scandium tantalate (PST) is a mixed oxide of lead, scandium, and tantalum. It has the formula Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O3. It is a ceramic material with a perovskite structure, where the Sc and Ta atoms at the B site have an arrangement that is intermediate between ordered and disordered configurations, and can be fine-tune... | Lead scandium tantalate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 182 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Ferroelectric materials",
"Tantalates",
"Inorganic compound stubs",
"Salts",
"Materials",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Ceramic materials",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Piezoelectric materials",
"Hysteresis",
"Matter"
] |
7,120,484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%20ionomer%20cement | A glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a dental restorative material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement, including for orthodontic bracket attachment. Glass-ionomer cements are based on the reaction of silicate glass-powder (calciumaluminofluorosilicate glass) and polyacrylic acid, an ionomer. Occasiona... | Glass ionomer cement | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,437 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glass chemistry",
"Dental materials",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
7,121,345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloyant | Metallurgy | Alloyant | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 5 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
7,125,022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multibeam%20echosounder | A multibeam echosounder (MBES) is a type of sonar that is used to map the seabed. It emits acoustic waves in a fan shape beneath its transceiver. The time it takes for the sound waves to reflect off the seabed and return to the receiver is used to calculate the water depth. Unlike other sonars and echo sounders, MBES u... | Multibeam echosounder | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,957 | [
"Hydrography",
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
5,452,697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dember%20effect | In physics, the Dember effect is when the electron current from a cathode subjected to both illumination and a simultaneous electron bombardment is greater than the sum of the photoelectric current and the secondary emission current .
History
Discovered by Harry Dember (1882–1943) in 1925, this effect is due to the ... | Dember effect | [
"Physics"
] | 301 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrical phenomena"
] |
5,452,760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20precursor | A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule. The name of the precursor for a protein is often prefixed by pro-. Exa... | Protein precursor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 309 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
5,452,870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial%20fuel%20cell | Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of bioelectrochemical fuel cell system also known as micro fuel cell that
generates electric current by diverting electrons produced from the microbial oxidation of reduced compounds (also known as fuel or electron donor) on the anode to oxidized compounds such as oxygen (also known... | Microbial fuel cell | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,475 | [
"Electrochemistry",
"Bioelectrochemistry"
] |
5,453,292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threaded%20pipe | A threaded pipe is a pipe with screw-threaded ends for assembly.
Tapered threads
The threaded pipes used in some plumbing installations for the delivery of gases or liquids under pressure have a tapered thread that is slightly conical (in contrast to the parallel sided cylindrical section commonly found on bolts and... | Threaded pipe | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 504 | [
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Plumbing",
"Construction",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping"
] |
5,453,466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylighting%20%28streams%29 | Daylighting is the opening up and restoration of a previously buried watercourse, one which had at some point been diverted below ground. Typically, the rationale behind returning the riparian environment of a stream, wash, or river to a more natural above-ground state is to reduce runoff, create habitat for species in... | Daylighting (streams) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 5,543 | [
"Hydrology",
"Ecological restoration",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Riparian zone",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
5,454,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem%20of%20future%20contingents | Future contingent propositions (or simply, future contingents) are statements about states of affairs in the future that are contingent: neither necessarily true nor necessarily false.
The problem of future contingents seems to have been first discussed by Aristotle in chapter 9 of his On Interpretation (De Interpreta... | Problem of future contingents | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,694 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Future",
"Mathematical logic",
"Spacetime",
"Modal logic"
] |
5,455,427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axilrod%E2%80%93Teller%20potential | The Axilrod–Teller potential in molecular physics, is a three-body potential that results from a third-order perturbation correction to the attractive London dispersion interactions (instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole)
where is the distance between atoms and , and is the angle between the vectors
and . T... | Axilrod–Teller potential | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 121 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum mechanical potentials",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Chemical bonding",
"Electromagnetism stubs",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.