id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
665,738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20shape-memory%20alloy | A magnetic shape-memory alloy (MSMA) is a type of smart material that can undergo significant and reversible changes in shape in response to a magnetic field. This behavior arises due to a combination of magnetic and shape-memory properties within the alloy, allowing it to produce mechanical motion or force under magne... | Magnetic shape-memory alloy | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,826 | [
"Smart materials",
"Materials science"
] |
17,876,651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictor%E2%80%93corrector%20method | In numerical analysis, predictor–corrector methods belong to a class of algorithms designed to integrate ordinary differential equationsto find an unknown function that satisfies a given differential equation. All such algorithms proceed in two steps:
The initial, "prediction" step, starts from a function fitted to... | Predictor–corrector method | [
"Mathematics"
] | 541 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Algorithms",
"Mathematical logic",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations"
] |
17,879,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuwen%20Zhang | Yuwen Zhang is a Chinese American professor of mechanical engineering who is well known for his contributions to phase change heat transfer. He is presently a Curators' Distinguished Professor and Huber and Helen Croft Chair in Engineering in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of M... | Yuwen Zhang | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,020 | [
"Fluid dynamics",
"Fluid dynamicists",
"Thermodynamics",
"Thermodynamicists"
] |
17,880,353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keulegan%E2%80%93Carpenter%20number | In fluid dynamics, the Keulegan–Carpenter number, also called the period number, is a dimensionless quantity describing the relative importance of the drag forces over inertia forces for bluff objects in an oscillatory fluid flow. Or similarly, for objects that oscillate in a fluid at rest. For small Keulegan–Carpente... | Keulegan–Carpenter number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 442 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Water waves",
"Chemical engineering",
"Waves",
"Marine engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
17,884,227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Oxopentanoic%20acid | 3-Oxopentanoic acid, or beta-ketopentanoate, is a 5-carbon ketone body. It is made from odd carbon fatty acids in the liver and rapidly enters the brain.
As opposed to 4-carbon ketone bodies, beta-ketopentanoate is anaplerotic, meaning it can refill the pool of TCA cycle intermediates. The triglyceride triheptanoin... | 3-Oxopentanoic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 117 | [
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups"
] |
17,885,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic%20database | A crystallographic database is a database specifically designed to store information about the structure of molecules and crystals. Crystals are solids having, in all three dimensions of space, a regularly repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules. They are characterized by symmetry, morphology, and directiona... | Crystallographic database | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 5,778 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Crystallographic databases",
"Crystallography",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
17,885,310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dantzig%E2%80%93Wolfe%20decomposition | Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition is an algorithm for solving linear programming problems with special structure. It was originally developed by George Dantzig and Philip Wolfe and initially published in 1960. Many texts on linear programming have sections dedicated to discussing this decomposition algorithm.
Dantzig–Wolfe... | Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition | [
"Engineering"
] | 896 | [
"Decomposition methods",
"Industrial engineering"
] |
12,261,967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5H4N4O | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C5H4N4O}}
The molecular formula C5H4N4O (molar mass: 136.11 g/mol, exact mass: 136.0385 u) may refer to:
Allopurinol
1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt)
Hypoxanthine
Molecular formulas | C5H4N4O | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 82 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
12,263,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAX1 | DAX1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1) is a nuclear receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the NR0B1 gene (nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1). The NR0B1 gene is located on the short (p) arm of the X chromosome between bands Xp21.3 and Xp21.... | DAX1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 831 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
12,264,442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20surface%20microlayer | The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary interface between the atmosphere and ocean, covering about 70% of Earth's surface. With an operationally defined thickness between 1 and , the SML has physicochemical and biological properties that are measurably distinct from underlying waters. Recent studies now indica... | Sea surface microlayer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 4,994 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Surface science",
"Marine biology"
] |
13,890,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precession%20%28mechanical%29 | Precession is the process of a round part in a round hole, rotating with respect to each other, wherein the inner part begins rolling around the circumference of the outer bore, in a direction opposite of rotation. This is caused by too much clearance between them and a radial force on the part that constantly changes ... | Precession (mechanical) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,073 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Precession",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
13,890,972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPO%20formalism | The history projection operator (HPO) formalism is an approach to temporal quantum logic developed by Chris Isham. It deals with the logical structure of quantum mechanical propositions asserted at different points in time.
Introduction
In standard quantum mechanics a physical system is associated with a Hilbert spa... | HPO formalism | [
"Physics"
] | 830 | [
"Quantum measurement",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
13,891,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloch%20spectrum | The Bloch spectrum is a concept in quantum mechanics in the field of theoretical physics; this concept addresses certain energy spectrum considerations. Let H be the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation operator
where Uα is a periodic function of period α. The Bloch spectrum of H is defined as the set of values E for... | Bloch spectrum | [
"Physics"
] | 159 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
13,893,964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven%20Erik%20J%C3%B8rgensen | Sven Erik Jørgensen (29 August 1934 – 5 March 2016) was an ecologist and chemist from Denmark.
Biography
Also a well known biathlon person.
Academic degrees and honors
In 1958, he was awarded Master of Science in chemical engineering from the Technical University of Denmark, then Doctor of Environmental Engineerin... | Sven Erik Jørgensen | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 553 | [
"Thermodynamics",
"Thermodynamicists"
] |
13,893,984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychrometric%20constant | The psychrometric constant relates the partial pressure of water in air to the air temperature. This lets one interpolate actual vapor pressure from paired dry and wet thermometer bulb temperature readings.
psychrometric constant [kPa °C−1],
P = atmospheric pressure [kPa],
latent heat of water vaporization, 2.... | Psychrometric constant | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 293 | [
"Matter",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Underwater diving physics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Phases of matter",
"Chemical engineering thermodynamics",
"Gas laws",
"nan",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physical chemistry",
"Gases"
] |
13,896,453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odfjell%20Drilling | Odfjell Drilling Ltd. is an oil drilling, well service, and engineering company.
Current operations
The company has 3 divisions:
Mobile Offshore Drilling - Owns 6 drillships and operates in Norway, United Kingdom, Angola, Vietnam, and Brazil.
Drilling & Technology - provides platform drilling, project management an... | Odfjell Drilling | [
"Engineering"
] | 341 | [
"Construction",
"Offshore engineering"
] |
13,896,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthine%20dehydrogenase | Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene.
Function
Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The enzyme is a homodimer. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthi... | Xanthine dehydrogenase | [
"Chemistry"
] | 465 | [
"Metalloproteins",
"Bioinorganic chemistry"
] |
13,898,437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol%2017beta-dehydrogenase | In enzymology, an estradiol 17beta-dehydrogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
estradiol-17beta + NAD(P)+ estrone + NAD(P)H + H+
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are estradiol-17beta, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are estrone, NADH, NADPH, and H+.
This enzyme belongs to the family of... | Estradiol 17beta-dehydrogenase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 327 | [
"Steroid hormone biosynthesis",
"Biosynthesis"
] |
11,330,015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20genomics | Synthetic genomics is a nascent field of synthetic biology that uses aspects of genetic modification on pre-existing life forms, or artificial gene synthesis to create new DNA or entire lifeforms.
Overview
Synthetic genomics is unlike genetic modification in the sense that it does not use naturally occurring genes in ... | Synthetic genomics | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,703 | [
"Synthetic biology",
"Genetics techniques",
"Biological engineering",
"Genome editing",
"Genetic engineering",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular genetics",
"Molecular biology",
"Algae biomass producers"
] |
11,334,840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly-Turf | Poly-Turf was a brand of artificial turf in the early 1970s, manufactured by American Biltrite of Wellesley, Massachusetts. It was the first specifically designed for American football, with a patented layered structure which included a "shock pad" between the artificial grass and the asphalt sub-surface. It used pol... | Poly-Turf | [
"Chemistry"
] | 774 | [
"Synthetic materials",
"Artificial turf"
] |
11,336,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbulent%20Prandtl%20number | The turbulent Prandtl number (Prt) is a non-dimensional term defined as the ratio between the momentum eddy diffusivity and the heat transfer eddy diffusivity. It is useful for solving the heat transfer problem of turbulent boundary layer flows. The simplest model for Prt is the Reynolds analogy, which yields a turbu... | Turbulent Prandtl number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 529 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Chemical engineering",
"Convection",
"Thermodynamics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
11,336,178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knudsen%20cell | In crystal growth, a Knudsen cell is an effusion evaporator source for relatively low partial pressure elementary sources (e.g. Ga, Al, Hg, As). Because it is easy to control the temperature of the evaporating material in Knudsen cells, they are commonly used in molecular-beam epitaxy.
Development
The Knudsen effusi... | Knudsen cell | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 261 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography stubs",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
11,336,212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrasin | Each species of slime mold has its own specific chemical messenger, which are collectively referred to as acrasins. These chemicals signal that many individual cells aggregate to form a single large cell or plasmodium. One of the earliest acrasins to be identified was cyclic AMP, found in the species Dictyostelium disc... | Acrasin | [
"Biology"
] | 404 | [
"Cell biology"
] |
11,336,559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveler%27s%20dilemma | In game theory, the traveler's dilemma (sometimes abbreviated TD) is a non-zero-sum game in which each player proposes a payoff. The lower of the two proposals wins; the lowball player receives the lowball payoff plus a small bonus, and the highball player receives the same lowball payoff, minus a small penalty. Surpri... | Traveler's dilemma | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,658 | [
"Game theory",
"Non-cooperative games"
] |
3,234,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphorsulfonic%20acid | Camphorsulfonic acid, sometimes abbreviated CSA or 10-CSA is an organosulfur compound. Like typical sulfonic acids, it is a relatively strong acid that is a colorless solid at room temperature and is soluble in water and a wide variety of organic substances.
This compound is commercially available. It can be prepared ... | Camphorsulfonic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 332 | [
"Functional groups",
"Sulfonic acids"
] |
3,234,441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20phase | Third phase is the term for a stable emulsion which forms in a liquid–liquid extraction when the original two phases (aqueous and organic) are mixed.
The third phase can be caused by a detergent (surfactant) or a fine solid. While third phase is a term for an unwanted emulsion, a stable emulsion is wanted in emulsion ... | Third phase | [
"Chemistry"
] | 214 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Surface science",
"Colloids"
] |
3,237,549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent%20backscattering | In physics, coherent backscattering is observed when coherent radiation (such as a laser beam) propagates through a medium which has a large number of scattering centers (such as milk or a thick cloud) of size comparable to the wavelength of the radiation.
The waves are scattered many times while traveling through the... | Coherent backscattering | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 643 | [
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Scattering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Mesoscopic physics"
] |
3,238,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnesol | Farnesol is a natural 15-carbon organic compound which is an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol. Under standard conditions, it is a colorless liquid. It is hydrophobic, and thus insoluble in water, but miscible with oils. As the pyrophosphate ester, farnesol is a precursor to many terpenes and terpenoids.
Uses
Farnesol i... | Farnesol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 606 | [
"Insect pheromones",
"Chemical ecology"
] |
3,239,191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-transcriptional%20modification | Transcriptional modification or co-transcriptional modification is a set of biological processes common to most eukaryotic cells by which an RNA primary transcript is chemically altered following transcription from a gene to produce a mature, functional RNA molecule that can then leave the nucleus and perform any of a ... | Post-transcriptional modification | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,440 | [
"Cell biology",
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
3,239,238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramicrotomy | Ultramicrotomy is a method for cutting specimens into extremely thin slices, called ultra-thin sections, that can be studied and documented at different magnifications in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is used mostly for biological specimens, but sections of plastics and soft metals can also be prepared. ... | Ultramicrotomy | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 710 | [
"Electron",
"Electron microscopy",
"nan",
"Microscopy"
] |
3,239,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture%20toughness | In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited. A component's thickness affects the constraint conditions at the tip of a crack with thin components having plane stress conditions and thick components... | Fracture toughness | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,208 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Materials degradation",
"Materials science",
"Fracture mechanics"
] |
9,874,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong%20secrecy | Strong secrecy is a term used in formal proof-based cryptography for making propositions about the security of cryptographic protocols. It is a stronger notion of security than syntactic (or weak) secrecy. Strong secrecy is related with the concept of semantic security or indistinguishability used in the computational ... | Strong secrecy | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 182 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
9,875,903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammator | ӀA Gammator was a gamma irradiator made by the Radiation Machinery Corporation during the U.S. Atoms for Peace project of the 1950s and 1960s. The gammator was distributed by the "Atomic Energy Commission to schools, hospitals, and private firms to promote nuclear understanding." Around 120-140 Gammators were distribut... | Gammator | [
"Physics"
] | 211 | [
"Nuclear technology",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
9,876,168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus%20Project%20%28computing%29 | The Bauhaus project is a software research project collaboration among the University of Stuttgart, the University of Bremen, and a commercial spin-off company Axivion, also known as Bauhaus Software Technologies.
The Bauhaus project serves the fields of software maintenance and software reengineering.
Created in res... | Bauhaus Project (computing) | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 791 | [
"Software engineering",
"Quantity",
"Metrics",
"Software metrics"
] |
9,877,288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skew%20lattice | In abstract algebra, a skew lattice is an algebraic structure that is a non-commutative generalization of a lattice. While the term skew lattice can be used to refer to any non-commutative generalization of a lattice, since 1989 it has been used primarily as follows.
Definition
A skew lattice is a set S equipped with ... | Skew lattice | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,344 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Lattice theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures",
"Semigroup theory",
"Order theory"
] |
9,878,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooster%20tail | A rooster tail is a term used in fluid dynamics, automotive gear shifting, and meteorology. It is a region of commotion or turbulence within a fluid, caused by movement. In fluid dynamics, it lies directly in the wake of an object traveling within a fluid, and is accompanied by a vertical protrusion. If it occurs in a ... | Rooster tail | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 867 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Plasma physics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
9,878,823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSH2 | DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 also known as MutS homolog 2 or MSH2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSH2 gene, which is located on chromosome 2. MSH2 is a tumor suppressor gene and more specifically a caretaker gene that codes for a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein, MSH2, which forms a heterodimer with... | MSH2 | [
"Biology"
] | 1,750 | [
"Molecular genetics",
"DNA repair",
"Cellular processes"
] |
9,878,887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very%20special%20relativity | Ignoring gravity, experimental bounds seem to suggest that special relativity with its Lorentz symmetry and Poincaré symmetry describes spacetime. Surprisingly, Bogoslovsky and independently Cohen and Glashow have demonstrated that a small subgroup of the Lorentz group is sufficient to explain all the current bounds.
... | Very special relativity | [
"Physics"
] | 171 | [
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
9,880,147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin%20D | Cyclin D is a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. The synthesis of cyclin D is initiated during G1 and drives the G1/S phase transition. Cyclin D protein is anywhere from 155 (in zebra mussel) to 477 (in Drosophila) amino acids in length.
Once cells reach a criti... | Cyclin D | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,136 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Signal transduction",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins",
"Cell cycle",
"Cell cycle regulators"
] |
9,880,204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent%20kinase%202 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, also known as cell division protein kinase 2, or Cdk2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of Ser/Thr protein kinases. This protein kinase is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerev... | Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,210 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Signal transduction",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins",
"Cell cycle",
"Cell cycle regulators"
] |
9,154,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary%20engineer | A stationary engineer (also called an operating engineer, power engineer or process operator) is a technically trained professional who operates, troubleshoots and oversees industrial machinery and equipment that provide and utilize energy in various forms.
The title "power engineer" is used differently between the Un... | Stationary engineer | [
"Engineering"
] | 873 | [
"Power engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Energy engineering"
] |
9,154,659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff%20equation | In astrophysics, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation constrains the structure of a spherically symmetric body of isotropic material which is in static gravitational equilibrium, as modeled by general relativity. The equation is
Here, is a radial coordinate, and and are the density and pressure, respectiv... | Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 939 | [
"Exact solutions in general relativity",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Astrophysics",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
9,157,119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feasible%20region | In mathematical optimization and computer science, a feasible region, feasible set, or solution space is the set of all possible points (sets of values of the choice variables) of an optimization problem that satisfy the problem's constraints, potentially including inequalities, equalities, and integer constraints. Thi... | Feasible region | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,197 | [
"Mathematical optimization",
"Mathematical analysis"
] |
9,162,580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer%27s%20paradox | The archer's paradox is the phenomenon of an arrow traveling in the direction it is pointed at full draw, when it seems that the arrow would have to pass through the starting position it was in before being drawn, where it was pointed to the side of the target.
The bending of the arrow when released is the explanation... | Archer's paradox | [
"Physics"
] | 949 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Mechanics"
] |
2,350,270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20SI%20electromagnetism%20units |
See also
SI
Speed of light
List of electromagnetism equations
References
External links
History of the electrical units.
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism | List of SI electromagnetism units | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 32 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantity",
"Lists of units of measurement",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Units of measurement"
] |
2,352,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20cell | A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell (PV cell), is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect. It is a form of photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics (such as current, voltage, or resistance) vary when it is expo... | Solar cell | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 13,926 | [
"Physical chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"nan"
] |
2,352,949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20constraints | Joint constraints are rotational constraints on the joints of an artificial system. They are used in an inverse kinematics chain, in fields including 3D animation or robotics. Joint constraints can be implemented in a number of ways, but the most common method is to limit rotation about the X, Y and Z axis independent... | Joint constraints | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 188 | [
"Robotics engineering",
"Robot kinematics",
"Computational physics stubs",
"Computational physics"
] |
17,887,653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal%20array | In mathematics, an orthogonal array (more specifically, a fixed-level orthogonal array) is a "table" (array) whose entries come from a fixed finite set of symbols (for example, {1,2,...,v}), arranged in such a way that there is an integer t so that for every selection of t columns of the table, all ordered t-tuples of ... | Orthogonal array | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,947 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Combinatorial design",
"Combinatorics",
"Latin squares"
] |
17,887,714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic%20gas%20separation | Supersonic gas separation is a technology to remove one or several gaseous components out of a mixed gas (typically raw natural gas). The process condensates the target components by cooling the gas through expansion in a Laval nozzle and then separates the condensates from the dried gas through an integrated cyclonic ... | Supersonic gas separation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,067 | [
"Natural gas technology"
] |
17,890,049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiosemicarbazide | Thiosemicarbazide is the chemical compound with the formula H2NC(S)NHNH2. A white, odorless solid, it is related to thiourea (H2NC(S)NH2) by the insertion of an NH center. They are commonly used as ligands for transition metals. Many thiosemicarbazides are known. These feature an organic substituent in place of one ... | Thiosemicarbazide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 214 | [
"Functional groups",
"Thiosemicarbazones",
"Semicarbazides"
] |
17,890,418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%E2%80%93lipid%20interaction | Protein–lipid interaction is the influence of membrane proteins on the lipid physical state or vice versa.
The questions which are relevant to understanding of the structure and function of the membrane are: 1) Do intrinsic membrane proteins bind tightly to lipids (see annular lipid shell), and what is the nature of t... | Protein–lipid interaction | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,004 | [
"Lipid biochemistry",
"Membrane biology",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
17,894,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction%20cross | The extinction cross is an optical phenomenon that is seen when trying to extinguish a laser beam or non-planar white light using crossed polarizers. Ideally, crossed (90° rotated) polarizers block all light, because light that is polarized along the polarization axis of the first polarizer is perpendicular to the pola... | Extinction cross | [
"Physics"
] | 141 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Polarization (waves)",
"Astrophysics"
] |
17,894,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-large-scale%20systems | Ultra-large-scale system (ULSS) is a term used in fields including Computer Science, Software Engineering and Systems Engineering to refer to software intensive systems with unprecedented amounts of hardware, lines of source code, numbers of users, and volumes of data. The scale of these systems gives rise to many prob... | Ultra-large-scale systems | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,827 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Computer systems",
"Computer science",
"Electrical engineering",
"Computers"
] |
5,832,894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning%20detector | A lightning detector is a device that detects lightning produced by thunderstorms. There are three primary types of detectors: ground-based systems using multiple antennas, mobile systems using a direction and a sense antenna in the same location (often aboard an aircraft), and space-based systems. The first such devic... | Lightning detector | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,498 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Meteorological instrumentation and equipment",
"Avionics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Aircraft instruments",
"Lightning"
] |
5,833,628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Time%20Bureau | The International Time Bureau (, abbreviated BIH), seated at the Paris Observatory, was the international bureau responsible for combining different measurements of Universal Time.
The bureau also played an important role in the research of time keeping and related fields: Earth rotation, reference frames, and atomic t... | International Time Bureau | [
"Physics"
] | 507 | [
"Spacetime",
"Timekeeping",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
5,833,630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20Phenomena%20%28book%29 | Transport Phenomena is the first textbook about transport phenomena. It is specifically designed for chemical engineering students. The first edition was published in 1960, two years after having been preliminarily published under the title Notes on Transport Phenomena based on mimeographed notes prepared for a chemic... | Transport Phenomena (book) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 708 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Chemical engineering books",
"Physical phenomena",
"Chemical engineering"
] |
5,837,707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail%20cannon | A hail cannon is a shock wave generator claimed to disrupt the formation of hailstones in the atmosphere.
These devices frequently engender conflict between farmers and neighbors when used, because they are loudly and repeatedly fired every 1 to 10 seconds while a storm is approaching and until it has passed through ... | Hail cannon | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 460 | [
"Planetary engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Shock waves",
"Waves",
"Weather modification"
] |
7,623,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber%20elasticity | Rubber elasticity is the ability of solid rubber to be stretched up to a factor of 10 from its original length, and return to close to its original length upon release. This process can be repeated many times with no apparent degradation to the rubber.
Rubber, like all materials, consists of molecules. Rubber's elasti... | Rubber elasticity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 6,909 | [
"Mechanics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
7,624,304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity%20game | A parity game is played on a colored directed graph, where each node has been colored by a priority – one of (usually) finitely many natural numbers. Two players, 0 and 1, move a (single, shared) token along the edges of the graph. The owner of the node that the token falls on selects the successor node (does the next... | Parity game | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,385 | [
"Game theory game classes",
"Finite model theory",
"Game theory",
"Model theory"
] |
7,625,671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetralemma | The tetralemma is a figure that features prominently in the logic of India.
Definition
It states that with reference to any a logical proposition (or axiom) X, there are four possibilities:
(affirmation)
(negation)
(both)
(neither)
Catuskoti
The history of fourfold negation, the Catuskoti (Sanskrit), is evid... | Tetralemma | [
"Mathematics"
] | 290 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Lemmas"
] |
7,628,518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20diffusion | Spin diffusion describes a situation wherein the individual nuclear spins undergo continuous exchange of energy. This permits polarization differences within the sample to be reduced on a timescale much shorter than relaxation effects.
Spin diffusion is a process by which magnetization can be exchanged spontaneously ... | Spin diffusion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 233 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
7,628,701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking%20%28particle%20physics%29 | In particle physics, tracking is the process of reconstructing the trajectory (or track) of electrically charged particles in a particle detector known as a tracker. The particles entering such a tracker leave a precise record of their passage through the device, by interaction with suitably constructed components and ... | Tracking (particle physics) | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 537 | [
"Measuring instruments",
"Particle detectors",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs"
] |
7,631,731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste%20Incineration%20Directive | The Waste Incineration Directive, more formally Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste (OJ L332, P91 – 111), was a Directive issued by the European Union and relates to standards and methodologies required by Europe for the practice and technol... | Waste Incineration Directive | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 218 | [
"Combustion engineering",
"Incineration"
] |
7,633,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Proteomic%20Pipeline | The Trans-Proteomic Pipeline (TPP) is an open-source data analysis software for proteomics developed at the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) by the Ruedi Aebersold group under the Seattle Proteome Center. The TPP includes PeptideProphet, ProteinProphet, ASAPRatio, XPRESS and Libra.
Software Components
Probabilit... | Trans-Proteomic Pipeline | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 319 | [
"Chromatography",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Chemistry software",
"Bioinformatics software",
"Bioinformatics",
"Mass spectrometry software",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Chromatography software"
] |
390,905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Horizons | {{Infobox spaceflight
| name = New Horizons
| names_list = New Frontiers 1
| image = New Horizons Transparent.png
| image_caption = New Horizons space probe
| insignia = New Horizons - Logo2 big.png
| mission_type = Pluto/Arrokoth flyby
| operator = NASA... | New Horizons | [
"Physics"
] | 13,965 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
391,251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stark%E2%80%93Heegner%20theorem | In number theory, the Heegner theorem establishes the complete list of the quadratic imaginary number fields whose rings of integers are principal ideal domains. It solves a special case of Gauss's class number problem of determining the number of imaginary quadratic fields that have a given fixed class number.
Let ... | Stark–Heegner theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 698 | [
"Theorems in algebraic number theory",
"Theorems in number theory"
] |
391,267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron%20emission | Positron emission, beta plus decay, or β+ decay is a subtype of radioactive decay called beta decay, in which a proton inside a radionuclide nucleus is converted into a neutron while releasing a positron and an electron neutrino (). Positron emission is mediated by the weak force. The positron is a type of beta particl... | Positron emission | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,291 | [
"Electron",
"Antimatter",
"Matter",
"Molecular physics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radioactivity"
] |
391,278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%20emission | Proton emission (also known as proton radioactivity) is a rare type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the gr... | Proton emission | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 471 | [
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
391,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20emission | Neutron emission is a mode of radioactive decay in which one or more neutrons are ejected from a nucleus. It occurs in the most neutron-rich/proton-deficient nuclides, and also from excited states of other nuclides as in photoneutron emission and beta-delayed neutron emission. As only a neutron is lost by this process ... | Neutron emission | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,096 | [
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
391,421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparametric%20equation | A comparametric equation is an equation that describes a parametric relationship between a function and a dilated version of the same function, where the equation does not involve the parameter. For example, ƒ(2t) = 4ƒ(t) is a comparametric equation, when we define g(t) = ƒ(2t), so that we have g = 4ƒ no longer contai... | Comparametric equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 370 | [
"Multivariable calculus",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Calculus"
] |
391,908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chern%E2%80%93Simons%20theory | The Chern–Simons theory is a 3-dimensional topological quantum field theory of Schwarz type developed by Edward Witten. It was discovered first by mathematical physicist Albert Schwarz. It is named after mathematicians Shiing-Shen Chern and James Harris Simons, who introduced the Chern–Simons 3-form. In the Chern–Simon... | Chern–Simons theory | [
"Physics"
] | 3,357 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
392,124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External%20Data%20Representation | External Data Representation (XDR) is a standard data serialization format, for uses such as computer network protocols. It allows data to be transferred between different kinds of computer systems. Converting from the local representation to XDR is called encoding. Converting from XDR to the local representation is ca... | External Data Representation | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 660 | [
"Networking standards",
"Computer standards",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
392,876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilon | A trilon is a three-faceted prism-shaped object.
A trilon can be made to rotate on an axle to show different text or images which may be applied to any of its three facets. Trilons have been used on game shows and billboards.
The game board on the original Concentration may have been the first use of trilons on a gam... | Trilon | [
"Mathematics"
] | 605 | [
"Geometric shapes",
"Mathematical objects",
"Geometric objects"
] |
393,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20turbulence | Quantum turbulence is the name given to the turbulent flow – the chaotic motion of a fluid at high flow rates – of quantum fluids, such as superfluids. The idea that a form of turbulence might be possible in a superfluid via the quantized vortex lines was first suggested by Richard Feynman. The dynamics of quantum flui... | Quantum turbulence | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 4,641 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Turbulence",
"Phases of matter",
"Superfluidity",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Matter",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
393,148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roton | In theoretical physics, a roton is an elementary excitation, or quasiparticle, seen in superfluid helium-4 and Bose–Einstein condensates with long-range dipolar interactions or spin-orbit coupling. The dispersion relation of elementary excitations in this superfluid shows a linear increase from the origin, but exhibits... | Roton | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 413 | [
"Bose–Einstein condensates",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Superfluidity",
"Subatomic particles",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Quasiparticles",
"Matter",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
16,703,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%E2%80%93Poisson%E2%80%93Darboux%20equation | In mathematics, the Euler–Poisson–Darboux(EPD) equation is the partial differential equation
This equation is named for Siméon Poisson, Leonhard Euler, and Gaston Darboux. It plays an important role in solving the classical wave equation.
This equation is related to
by , , where and some sources quote this e... | Euler–Poisson–Darboux equation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 187 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Equations of physics",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Calculus",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Differential calculus"
] |
16,704,344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%27s%20law%20for%20gravity | In physics, Gauss's law for gravity, also known as Gauss's flux theorem for gravity, is a law of physics that is equivalent to Newton's law of universal gravitation. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss. It states that the flux (surface integral) of the gravitational field over any closed surface is proportional to t... | Gauss's law for gravity | [
"Physics"
] | 1,824 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theories of gravity"
] |
16,705,504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypher%20stent | Cypher is a brand of drug-eluting coronary stent from Cordis Corporation, a Cardinal Health company. During a balloon angioplasty, the stent is inserted into the artery to provide a "scaffold" to open the artery. An anti-rejection-type medication, sirolimus, helps to limit the overgrowth of normal cells while the arter... | Cypher stent | [
"Chemistry"
] | 172 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug delivery devices"
] |
16,711,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BKS%20theory | In the history of quantum mechanics, the Bohr–Kramers–Slater (BKS) theory was perhaps the final attempt at understanding the interaction of matter and electromagnetic radiation on the basis of the so-called old quantum theory, in which quantum phenomena are treated by imposing quantum restrictions on classically descri... | BKS theory | [
"Physics"
] | 1,978 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Conservation laws",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Old quantum theory",
"Symmetry",
"Physics theorems"
] |
16,714,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakharov%20system | In mathematics, the Zakharov system is a system of non-linear partial differential equations, introduced by Vladimir Zakharov in 1972 to describe the propagation of Langmuir waves in an ionized plasma. The system consists of a complex field u and a real field n satisfying the equations
where is the d'Alembert operato... | Zakharov system | [
"Physics"
] | 147 | [
"Waves in plasmas",
"Physical phenomena",
"Equations of physics",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Waves",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Plasma physics equations"
] |
16,715,060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakharov%E2%80%93Schulman%20system | In mathematics, the Zakharov–Schulman system is a system of nonlinear partial differential equations introduced in to describe the interactions of small amplitude, high frequency waves with acoustic waves.
The equations are
where L1, L2, and L3, are constant coefficient differential operators.
References
Partial d... | Zakharov–Schulman system | [
"Physics"
] | 65 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
12,273,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheutjens%E2%80%93Fleer%20theory | Scheutjens–Fleer theory is a lattice-based self-consistent field theory that is the basis for many computational analyses of polymer adsorption.
References
Polymers at Interfaces by G.J. Fleer, M.A. Cohen Stuart, J.M.H.M. Scheutjens, T. Cosgrove, B. Vincent.
Polymer chemistry
Solutions
Thermodynamics
Statistical m... | Scheutjens–Fleer theory | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 88 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Statistical mechanics stubs",
"Polymer stubs",
"Materials science",
"Homogeneous chemical mixtures",
"Thermodynamics",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Solutions",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
12,274,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbrand%20structure | In first-order logic, a Herbrand structure S is a structure over a vocabulary σ that is defined solely by the syntactical properties of σ. The idea is to take the symbol strings of terms as their values, e.g. the denotation of a constant symbol c is just "c" (the symbol). It is named after Jacques Herbrand.
Herbrand ... | Herbrand structure | [
"Mathematics"
] | 441 | [
"Mathematical logic"
] |
12,278,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxidization | Deoxidization is a method used in metallurgy to remove the rest of oxygen content from previously reduced iron ore during steel manufacturing. In contrast, antioxidants are used for stabilization, such as in the storage of food. Deoxidation is important in the steelmaking process as oxygen is often detrimental to the q... | Deoxidization | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,300 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Metallurgy",
"Steelmaking",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
12,278,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20theories%20modified%20by%20general%20relativity | This article will use the Einstein summation convention.
The theory of general relativity required the adaptation of existing theories of physical, electromagnetic, and quantum effects to account for non-Euclidean geometries. These physical theories modified by general relativity are described below.
Classical mechan... | Physical theories modified by general relativity | [
"Physics"
] | 1,280 | [
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
12,280,369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface%20ocean%20current | A subsurface ocean current is an oceanic current that runs beneath surface currents. Examples include the Equatorial Undercurrents of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, the California Undercurrent, and the Agulhas Undercurrent, the deep thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic, and bottom gravity currents near A... | Subsurface ocean current | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 993 | [
"Ocean currents",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Oceanography",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
12,280,976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20integrity%20number | The RNA integrity number (RIN) is an algorithm for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements.
The integrity of RNA is a major concern for gene expression studies and traditionally has been evaluated using the 28S to 18S rRNA ratio, a method that has been shown to be inconsistent. This inconsistency arises because... | RNA integrity number | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 2,014 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Bioinformatics software",
"Gene expression",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
1,686,404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20nanoliter%20system | The integrated nanoliter system is a measuring, separating, and mixing device that is able to measure fluids to the nanoliter, mix different fluids for a specific product, and separate a solution into simpler solutions.
All features of the integrated nanoliter system are specifically designed for controlling very sma... | Integrated nanoliter system | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,318 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanomaterials",
"Materials science"
] |
1,686,413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometallurgy | Hydrometallurgy is a technique within the field of extractive metallurgy, the obtaining of metals from their ores. Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrom... | Hydrometallurgy | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,334 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Chemical processes",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
1,686,424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrometallurgy | Pyrometallurgy is a branch of extractive metallurgy. It consists of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce products able to be sold su... | Pyrometallurgy | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 979 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Metallurgy",
"nan",
"Materials science"
] |
1,686,779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion%20energy%20gain%20factor | A fusion energy gain factor, usually expressed with the symbol Q, is the ratio of fusion power produced in a nuclear fusion reactor to the power required to maintain the plasma in steady state. The condition of Q = 1, when the power being released by the fusion reactions is equal to the required heating power, is refer... | Fusion energy gain factor | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 4,416 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Plasma physics",
"Energy economics",
"Fusion power",
"Energy (physics)",
"Energy",
"Nuclear fusion",
"Environmental social science"
] |
14,993,993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boussinesq%20approximation%20%28water%20waves%29 | In fluid dynamics, the Boussinesq approximation for water waves is an approximation valid for weakly non-linear and fairly long waves. The approximation is named after Joseph Boussinesq, who first derived them in response to the observation by John Scott Russell of the wave of translation (also known as solitary wave ... | Boussinesq approximation (water waves) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,755 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Water waves",
"Chemical engineering",
"Waves",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
14,996,853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaughan%27s%20identity | In mathematics and analytic number theory, Vaughan's identity is an identity found by that can be used to simplify Vinogradov's work on trigonometric sums. It can be used to estimate summatory functions of the form
where f is some arithmetic function of the natural integers n, whose values in applications are often ... | Vaughan's identity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 633 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in analytic number theory",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical identities",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Algebra"
] |
15,003,593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia%20of%20Triangle%20Centers | The Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers (ETC) is an online list of thousands of points or "centers" associated with the geometry of a triangle. This resource is hosted at the University of Evansville. It started from a list of 400 triangle centers published in the 1998 book Triangle Centers and Central Triangles by Profes... | Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 792 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Triangle centers",
"Points defined for a triangle",
"Geometric centers",
"Symmetry"
] |
11,341,364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microturbulence | Microturbulence is a form of turbulence that varies over small distance scales. (Large-scale turbulence is called macroturbulence.)
Stellar
Microturbulence is one of several mechanisms that can cause broadening of the absorption lines in the stellar spectrum. Stellar microturbulence varies
with the effective temperat... | Microturbulence | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 305 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Emission spectroscopy",
"Physical oceanography",
"Spectroscopy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Stellar astronomy"
] |
11,341,870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled%20ovarian%20hyperstimulation | Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is a technique used in assisted reproduction involving the use of fertility medications to induce ovulation by multiple ovarian follicles. These multiple follicles can be taken out by oocyte retrieval (egg collection) for use in in vitro fertilisation (IVF), or be given time to ovula... | Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation | [
"Biology"
] | 3,767 | [
"Assisted reproductive technology",
"Medical technology"
] |
11,343,398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward%20anonymity | Forward anonymity is a property of a cryptographic system which prevents an attacker who has recorded past encrypted communications from discovering its contents and participants in the future. This property is analogous to forward secrecy.
An example of a system which uses forward anonymity is a public key cryptograp... | Forward anonymity | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 778 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
11,344,467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quillen%20adjunction | In homotopy theory, a branch of mathematics, a Quillen adjunction between two closed model categories C and D is a special kind of adjunction between categories that induces an adjunction between the homotopy categories Ho(C) and Ho(D) via the total derived functor construction. Quillen adjunctions are named in honor o... | Quillen adjunction | [
"Mathematics"
] | 458 | [
"Theory of continuous functions",
"Topology"
] |
11,344,743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular%20engineering | Biomolecular engineering is the application of engineering principles and practices to the purposeful manipulation of molecules of biological origin. Biomolecular engineers integrate knowledge of biological processes with the core knowledge of chemical engineering in order to focus on molecular level solutions to issue... | Biomolecular engineering | [
"Biology"
] | 6,436 | [
"nan",
"Biotechnology"
] |
11,345,407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic%20equation | In a physical (and especially geophysical) simulation context, a diagnostic equation (or diagnostic model) is an equation (or model) that links the values of these variables simultaneously, either because the equation (or model) is time-independent, or because the variables all refer to the values they have at the iden... | Diagnostic equation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 218 | [
"Atmospheric dynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
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