id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,101,904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux%20balance%20analysis | In biochemistry, flux balance analysis (FBA) is a mathematical method for simulating the metabolism of cells or entire unicellular organisms, such as E. coli or yeast, using genome-scale reconstructions of metabolic networks. Genome-scale reconstructions describe all the biochemical reactions in an organism based on it... | Flux balance analysis | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 5,559 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Biological engineering",
"Computational biology",
"Systems biology"
] |
4,102,366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verneuil%20method | The Verneuil method (or Verneuil process or Verneuil technique), also called flame fusion, was the first commercially successful method of manufacturing synthetic gemstones, developed in the late 1883 by the French chemist Auguste Verneuil. It is primarily used to produce the ruby, sapphire and padparadscha varieties ... | Verneuil method | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,813 | [
"Methods of crystal growth",
"Chemical processes",
"Crystallography",
"Crystals",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
4,102,521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycol%20cleavage | Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation. The carbon–carbon bond in a vicinal diol (glycol) is cleaved and instead the two oxygen atoms become double-bonded to their respective carbon atoms. Depending on the substitution pattern in the diol, these carbonyls will be ketones and/or aldehydes.
G... | Glycol cleavage | [
"Chemistry"
] | 397 | [
"Organic redox reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
1,512,013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wald%27s%20equation | In probability theory, Wald's equation, Wald's identity or Wald's lemma is an important identity that simplifies the calculation of the expected value of the sum of a random number of random quantities. In its simplest form, it relates the expectation of a sum of randomly many finite-mean, independent and identically d... | Wald's equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,136 | [
"Articles containing proofs",
"Actuarial science",
"Applied mathematics"
] |
1,512,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20springs%20in%20Taiwan | Taiwan is part of the collision zone between the Yangtze Plate and Philippine Sea Plate. Eastern and southern Taiwan are the northern end of the Philippine Mobile Belt.
Located next to an oceanic trench and volcanic system in a tectonic collision zone, Taiwan has evolved a unique environment that produces high-tempera... | Hot springs in Taiwan | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 684 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
1,515,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20equations | Thermodynamics is expressed by a mathematical framework of thermodynamic equations which relate various thermodynamic quantities and physical properties measured in a laboratory or production process. Thermodynamics is based on a fundamental set of postulates, that became the laws of thermodynamics.
Introduction
One ... | Thermodynamic equations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,198 | [
"Thermodynamic equations",
"Equations of physics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,516,624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20table%20file | Chemical table file (CT file) is a family of text-based chemical file formats that describe molecules and chemical reactions. One format, for example, lists each atom in a molecule, the x-y-z coordinates of that atom, and the bonds among the atoms.
File formats
There are several file formats in the family.
The forma... | Chemical table file | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,120 | [
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"Chemistry software",
"Chemical file formats"
] |
1,516,694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-range%20dependence | Long-range dependence (LRD), also called long memory or long-range persistence, is a phenomenon that may arise in the analysis of spatial or time series data. It relates to the rate of decay of statistical dependence of two points with increasing time interval or spatial distance between the points. A phenomenon is usu... | Long-range dependence | [
"Physics"
] | 917 | [
"Spacetime",
"Space",
"Spatial analysis"
] |
1,516,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swine%20influenza | Swine influenza is an infection caused by any of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) refers to any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, identified SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influ... | Swine influenza | [
"Biology"
] | 7,318 | [
"Vaccination",
"Vaccine-preventable diseases"
] |
1,516,916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20core | A magnetic core is a piece of magnetic material with a high magnetic permeability used to confine and guide magnetic fields in electrical, electromechanical and magnetic devices such as electromagnets, transformers, electric motors, generators, inductors, loudspeakers, magnetic recording heads, and magnetic assemblies.... | Magnetic core | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 4,958 | [
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Physical phenomena",
"Radiation",
"Radio electronics"
] |
1,516,949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematic%20determinacy | Kinematic determinacy is a term used in structural mechanics to describe a structure where material compatibility conditions alone can be used to calculate deflections. A kinematically determinate structure can be defined as a structure where, if it is possible to find nodal displacements compatible with member extensi... | Kinematic determinacy | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 191 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
1,517,049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidstone%20series | In mathematics, a Lidstone series, named after George James Lidstone, is a kind of polynomial expansion that can express certain types of entire functions.
Let ƒ(z) be an entire function of exponential type less than (N + 1)π, as defined below. Then ƒ(z) can be expanded in terms of polynomials An as follows:
Here An... | Lidstone series | [
"Mathematics"
] | 235 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical structures",
"Series (mathematics)",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Calculus"
] |
7,127,168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction%20loss | In fluid dynamics, friction loss (or frictional loss) is the head loss that occurs in a containment such as a pipe or duct due to the effect of the fluid's viscosity near the surface of the containment.
Engineering
Friction loss is a significant engineering concern wherever fluids are made to flow, whether entirely en... | Friction loss | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,900 | [
"Mechanical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Force",
"Friction",
"Physical quantities",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Surface science",
"Civil engineering",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics"... |
7,127,508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Prosthetics%20Project | The Open Prosthetics Project (OPP) is an open design effort, dedicated to public domain prosthetics.
By creating an online collaboration between prosthetic users and designers, the project aims to make new technology available for anyone to use and customize. On the project's website, medical product designers can pos... | Open Prosthetics Project | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 240 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Bioengineering stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Medical technology stubs",
"Medical technology"
] |
7,128,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%20baby%20syndrome | Gray baby syndrome (also termed gray syndrome or grey syndrome) is a rare but serious, even fatal, side effect that occurs in newborn infants (especially premature babies) following the accumulation of the antibiotic chloramphenicol.
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has been used to treat a variety ... | Gray baby syndrome | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,174 | [
" medicaments and biological substances",
"Toxicology",
"Poisoning by drugs"
] |
7,129,616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucicarmine%20stain | Mucicarmine stain is a staining procedure used for different purposes. In microbiology the stain aids in the identification of a variety of microorganisms based on whether or not the cell wall stains intensely red. Generally this is limited to microorganisms with a cell wall that is composed, at least in part, of a pol... | Mucicarmine stain | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 184 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Carbohydrate chemistry",
"Carbohydrate methods"
] |
7,130,280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKBP | The FKBPs, or FK506 binding proteins, constitute a family of proteins that have prolyl isomerase activity and are related to the cyclophilins in function, though not in amino acid sequence. FKBPs have been identified in many eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans, and function as protein folding chaperones for protei... | FKBP | [
"Biology"
] | 522 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
7,130,691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20recognition%20particle%20receptor | Signal recognition particle (SRP) receptor, also called the docking protein, is a dimer composed of 2 different subunits that are associated exclusively with the rough ER in mammalian cells. Its main function is to identify the SRP units. SRP (signal recognition particle) is a molecule that helps the ribosome-mRNA-pol... | Signal recognition particle receptor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 829 | [
"Receptors",
"Protein targeting",
"Cellular processes",
"Signal transduction"
] |
7,131,583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERCURE | Mercure can also refer to the chain of hotels run by Accor. See Mercure Hotels.
MERCURE is an atmospheric dispersion modeling CFD code developed by Électricité de France (EDF) and distributed by ARIA Technologies, a French company.
MERCURE is a version of the CFD software ESTET, developed by EDF's Laboratoire Nationa... | MERCURE | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 407 | [
"Atmospheric dispersion modeling",
"Environmental modelling",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
7,132,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre%20multi-object%20spectrograph | Fibre multi-object spectrograph (FMOS) is facility instrument for the Subaru Telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The instrument consists of a complex fibre-optic positioning system mounted at the prime focus of the telescope. Fibres are then fed to a pair of large spectrographs, each weighing nearly 3000 kg. The instrume... | Fibre multi-object spectrograph | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 317 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Telescope instruments",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Electronic test equipment",
"Measuring instruments",
"Spectrographs",
"Astronomical instruments",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
5,463,978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20entropy | In mathematics, the topological entropy of a topological dynamical system is a nonnegative extended real number that is a measure of the complexity of the system. Topological entropy was first introduced in 1965 by Adler, Konheim and McAndrew. Their definition was modelled after the definition of the Kolmogorov–Sinai, ... | Topological entropy | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,318 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Ergodic theory",
"Entropy and information",
"Entropy",
"Topology",
"Topological dynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
5,466,649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20manifold | In mathematics, and in particular the study of dynamical systems, the idea of stable and unstable sets or stable and unstable manifolds give a formal mathematical definition to the general notions embodied in the idea of an attractor or repellor. In the case of hyperbolic dynamics, the corresponding notion is that of t... | Stable manifold | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 870 | [
"Limit sets",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Mechanics",
"Manifolds",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
15,936,520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20extraction | RNA extraction is the purification of RNA from biological samples. This procedure is complicated by the ubiquitous presence of ribonuclease enzymes in cells and tissues, which can rapidly degrade RNA. Several methods are used in molecular biology to isolate RNA from samples, the most common of these is guanidinium thio... | RNA extraction | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 486 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Separation processes",
"Genetic engineering",
"Biochemical separation processes"
] |
15,939,934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodobacter%20sphaeroides | Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of purple bacterium; a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. Its best growth conditions are anaerobic phototrophy (photoheterotrophic and photoautotrophic) and aerobic chemoheterotrophy in the absence of light. R. sphaeroides is also able to fix nitrogen. It ... | Rhodobacter sphaeroides | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,569 | [
"Bacteria",
"Photosynthesis",
"Phototrophic bacteria"
] |
15,940,961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortcut%20model | An important question in statistical mechanics is the dependence of model behaviour on the dimension of the system. The shortcut model was introduced in the course of studying this dependence. The model interpolates between discrete regular lattices of integer dimension.
Introduction
The behaviour of different proces... | Shortcut model | [
"Physics"
] | 1,075 | [
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
15,941,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-domain%20thermoreflectance | Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) is a method by which the thermal properties of a material can be measured, most importantly thermal conductivity. This method can be applied most notably to thin film materials (up to hundreds of nanometers thick), which have properties that vary greatly when compared to the same ma... | Time-domain thermoreflectance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,601 | [
"Materials testing",
"Materials science",
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
15,945,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolitionism%20%28animal%20rights%29 | Abolitionism or abolitionist veganism is the animal rights based opposition to all animal use by humans. Abolitionism intends to eliminate all forms of animal use by maintaining that all sentient beings, humans or nonhumans, share a basic right not to be treated as properties or objects. Abolitionists emphasize that th... | Abolitionism (animal rights) | [
"Technology"
] | 1,696 | [
"Bioethics",
"Ethics of science and technology"
] |
13,257,986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane%20wave%20expansion%20method | Plane wave expansion method (PWE) refers to a computational technique in electromagnetics to solve the Maxwell's equations by formulating an eigenvalue problem out of the equation. This method is popular among the photonic crystal community as a method of solving for the band structure (dispersion relation) of specific... | Plane wave expansion method | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,482 | [
"Computational electromagnetics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computational physics",
"Computational science",
"Electrodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
13,259,181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollard%20pull | Bollard pull is a conventional measure of the pulling (or towing) power of a watercraft. It is defined as the force (usually in tonnes-force or kilonewtons (kN)) exerted by a vessel under full power, on a shore-mounted bollard through a tow-line, commonly measured in a practical test (but sometimes simulated) under tes... | Bollard pull | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,333 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Physical properties",
"Matter"
] |
13,260,616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krivine%E2%80%93Stengle%20Positivstellensatz | In real algebraic geometry, Krivine–Stengle (German for "positive-locus-theorem") characterizes polynomials that are positive on a semialgebraic set, which is defined by systems of inequalities of polynomials with real coefficients, or more generally, coefficients from any real closed field.
It can be thought of as a... | Krivine–Stengle Positivstellensatz | [
"Mathematics"
] | 635 | [
"Theorems in algebraic geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
13,262,417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyembryony | Polyembryony is the phenomenon of two or more embryos developing from a single fertilized egg. Due to the embryos resulting from the same egg, the embryos are identical to one another, but are genetically diverse from the parents. The genetic difference between the offspring and the parents, but the similarity among si... | Polyembryony | [
"Biology"
] | 982 | [
"Behavior",
"Plant reproduction",
"Plants",
"Reproduction"
] |
13,263,551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridership | In public transportation, ridership refers to the number of people using a transit service. It is often summed or otherwise aggregated over some period of time for a given service or set of services and used as a benchmark of success or usefulness. Common statistics include the number of people served by an entire tran... | Ridership | [
"Physics"
] | 108 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Transport stubs"
] |
13,265,459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20Launch%20Assist | Hydraulic Launch Assist (HLA) is the name of a hydraulic hybrid regenerative braking system for land vehicles produced by the Eaton Corporation.
Background
The HLA system recycles energy by converting kinetic energy into potential energy during deceleration via hydraulics, storing the energy at high pressure in an acc... | Hydraulic Launch Assist | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 529 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
13,266,770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialon | SiAlON ceramics are a specialist class of high-temperature refractory materials, with high strength at ambient and high temperatures, good thermal shock resistance and exceptional resistance to wetting or corrosion by molten non-ferrous metals, compared to other refractory materials such as, for example, alumina. A typ... | Sialon | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 790 | [
"Luminescence",
"Materials",
"Superhard materials",
"Phosphors and scintillators",
"Ceramic materials",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Matter"
] |
8,631,522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow%20water%20equations | The shallow-water equations (SWE) are a set of hyperbolic partial differential equations (or parabolic if viscous shear is considered) that describe the flow below a pressure surface in a fluid (sometimes, but not necessarily, a free surface). The shallow-water equations in unidirectional form are also called (de) Sai... | Shallow water equations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,325 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Equations of physics",
"Water waves",
"Waves",
"Physical oceanography",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
8,635,379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction%E2%80%93diffusion%20system | Reaction–diffusion systems are mathematical models that correspond to several physical phenomena. The most common is the change in space and time of the concentration of one or more chemical substances: local chemical reactions in which the substances are transformed into each other, and diffusion which causes the subs... | Reaction–diffusion system | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,944 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Mathematical modeling",
"Functions of space and time",
"Applied mathematics",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Spacetime",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
8,635,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydroxyborate | Tetrahydroxyborate is an inorganic anion with the chemical formula or . It contributes no colour to tetrahydroxyborate salts. It is found in the mineral hexahydroborite, , originally formulated . It is one of the boron oxoanions, and acts as a weak base. The systematic names are tetrahydroxyboranuide (substitutive) a... | Tetrahydroxyborate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 688 | [
"Ions",
"Matter",
"Anions"
] |
10,787,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20prolongation%20principle | The natural prolongation principle or principle of natural prolongation is a legal concept introduced in maritime claims submitted to the United Nations.
The phrase denotes a concept of political geography and international law that a nation's maritime boundary should reflect the 'natural prolongation' of where its la... | Natural prolongation principle | [
"Physics"
] | 506 | [
"Spacetime",
"Borders",
"Space"
] |
10,788,796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mass%20spectrometry%20software | Mass spectrometry software is used for data acquisition, analysis, or representation in mass spectrometry.
Proteomics software
In protein mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry (also known as MS/MS or MS2) experiments are used for protein/peptide identification. Peptide identification algorithms fall into two br... | List of mass spectrometry software | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 208 | [
"Mass spectrometry software",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Chemistry software"
] |
10,788,804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascot%20%28software%29 | Mascot is a software search engine that uses mass spectrometry data to identify proteins from peptide sequence databases. Mascot is widely used by research facilities around the world. Mascot uses a probabilistic scoring algorithm for protein identification that was adapted from the MOWSE algorithm. Mascot is freely av... | Mascot (software) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,319 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Chemistry software",
"Bioinformatics software",
"Proteomic sequencing",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Mass spectrometry software",
"Mass spectrometry"
] |
10,789,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4H8 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C4H8}}
The molecular formula C4H8 (molar mass: 56.11 g/mol) may refer to:
Butenes (butylenes)
1-Butene, or 1-butylene
2-Butene
Isobutylene
Cyclobutane
Methylcyclopropane
Molecular formulas | C4H8 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 77 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
10,793,106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachealis%20muscle | The trachealis muscle is a sheet of smooth muscle in the trachea.
Structure
The trachealis muscle lies posterior to the trachea and anterior to the oesophagus. It bridges the gap between the free ends of C-shaped rings of cartilage at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the oesophagus. This completes the... | Trachealis muscle | [
"Biology"
] | 285 | [
"Organ systems",
"Respiratory system"
] |
14,427,315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR12 | Probable G-protein coupled receptor 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR12 gene.
The gene product of GPR12 is an orphan receptor, meaning that its endogenous ligand is currently unknown. Gene disruption of GPR12 in mice results in dyslipidemia and obesity.
Ligands
Inverse agonists
Cannabidiol
Evolu... | GPR12 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 149 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,427,342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR15 | G protein-coupled receptor 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR15 gene.
GPR15 is a class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein, GPCR). The GPR15 gene is localized at chromosome 3q11.2-q13.1. It is found in epithelial cells, synovial macrophages, endothel... | GPR15 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 811 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,427,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPP%2B | {{DISPLAYTITLE:MPP+}}
MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+. It is a monoaminergic neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death... | MPP+ | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,882 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Biocides",
"Herbicides",
"Human drug metabolites"
] |
14,430,019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau%E2%80%93Zener%20formula | The Landau–Zener formula is an analytic solution to the equations of motion governing the transition dynamics of a two-state quantum system, with a time-dependent Hamiltonian varying such that the energy separation of the two states is a linear function of time. The formula, giving the probability of a diabatic (not ad... | Landau–Zener formula | [
"Physics"
] | 1,803 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
14,431,176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photochemical%20Reflectance%20Index | The Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) is a reflectance measurement developed by John Gamon during his tenure as a postdoctorate fellow supervised by Christopher Field at the Carnegie Institution for Science at Stanford University. The PRI is sensitive to changes in carotenoid pigments (e.g. xanthophyll pigments) in... | Photochemical Reflectance Index | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 362 | [
"Plants",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biophysics",
"Botany"
] |
14,431,229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20nanotechnology | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nanotechnology:
Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.
Branches of nanotechnology
Green nanotechnology – use of nanotechnology to enhance the environmental-sustain... | Outline of nanotechnology | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,810 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Materials science"
] |
14,433,872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRKAR1A | cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAR1A gene.
Function
cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which transduces the signal t... | PRKAR1A | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 417 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,434,713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20CHASE | Operation CHASE (an acronym for "Cut Holes And Sink 'Em") was a United States Department of Defense program for the disposal of unwanted munitions at sea from May 1964 until the early 1970s. Munitions were loaded onto ships to be scuttled once they were at least 250 miles (400 km) offshore. While most of the sinkings i... | Operation CHASE | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,434 | [
"Ocean pollution",
"Military projects",
"Chemical weapons",
"Chemical weapons demilitarization",
"Water pollution",
"Military projects of the United States"
] |
14,436,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubled%20haploidy | A doubled haploid (DH) is a genotype formed when haploid cells undergo chromosome doubling. Artificial production of doubled haploids is important in plant breeding.
Haploid cells are produced from pollen or egg cells or from other cells of the gametophyte, then by induced or spontaneous chromosome doubling, a doubled... | Doubled haploidy | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,702 | [
"Genetics",
"Plant genetics",
"Plants",
"Molecular biology",
"Plant breeding"
] |
11,760,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NatCarb | The NatCarb geoportal provides access to geospatial information and tools concerning carbon sequestration in the United States.
External links
National Energy Technology Laboratory
Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships
References
Carr, T.R., P.M. Rich, and J.D. Bartley. 2007. The NATCARB geoportal: linking d... | NatCarb | [
"Engineering"
] | 122 | [
"Geoengineering",
"Carbon capture and storage"
] |
11,760,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle%20of%20climb | In aerodynamics, climb gradient is the ratio between distance travelled over the ground and altitude gained, and is expressed as a percentage. The angle of climb can be defined as the angle between a horizontal plane representing the Earth's surface, and the actual flight path followed by the aircraft during its ascent... | Angle of climb | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 282 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
11,763,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia-Pacific%20Journal%20of%20Chemical%20Engineering | The Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of Curtin University of Technology. Until 2006 it was known as Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing and published (in print only) by Curtin University of Technology. The... | Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 271 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Chemical engineering journals"
] |
11,763,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied%20Organometallic%20Chemistry | Applied Organometallic Chemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1987 by John Wiley & Sons.
The editor-in-chief is Cornelis J. Elsevier (University of Amsterdam).
Contents
The journal includes:
reviews
full papers
communications
working methods papers
crystallographic reports
It a... | Applied Organometallic Chemistry | [
"Chemistry"
] | 224 | [
"Organic chemistry journals"
] |
11,763,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concatenated%20error%20correction%20code | In coding theory, concatenated codes form a class of error-correcting codes that are derived by combining an inner code and an outer code. They were conceived in 1966 by Dave Forney as a solution to the problem of finding a code that has both exponentially decreasing error probability with increasing block length and p... | Concatenated error correction code | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,225 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Coding theory",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Reliability engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Error detection and correction",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
11,763,521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleate%20boiling | In fluid thermodynamics, nucleate boiling is a type of boiling that takes place when the surface temperature is hotter than the saturated fluid temperature by a certain amount but where the heat flux is below the critical heat flux. For water, as shown in the graph below, nucleate boiling occurs when the surface temper... | Nucleate boiling | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,453 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Thermodynamic entropy",
"Nuclear technology",
"Entropy",
"Thermodynamics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
11,763,579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microvesicle | Microvesicles (ectosomes, or microparticles) are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) that are released from the cell membrane. In multicellular organisms, microvesicles and other EVs are found both in tissues (in the interstitial space between cells) and in many types of body fluids. Delimited by a phospholipid bilaye... | Microvesicle | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 5,340 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Cell biology",
"Materials science"
] |
11,764,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20diffraction%20interferometer | A point diffraction interferometer (PDI) is a type of common-path interferometer. Unlike an amplitude-splitting interferometer, such as a Michelson interferometer, which separates out an unaberrated beam and interferes this with the test beam, a common-path interferometer generates its own reference beam. In PDI system... | Point diffraction interferometer | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,346 | [
"Interferometers",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
11,766,301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Ray%20Spectrometry%20%28journal%29 | X-Ray Spectrometry is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1972 and published by John Wiley & Sons. It covers the theory and application of X-ray spectrometry. The current editor-in-chiefs are Johan Boman (University of Gothenburg) and Liqiang Luo (National Research Center of Geoanalysis).
Abstr... | X-Ray Spectrometry (journal) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 164 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Spectroscopy journals",
"X-ray spectroscopy",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
11,766,544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Raman%20Spectroscopy | The Journal of Raman Spectroscopy is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of Raman spectroscopy, including Higher Order Processes, and Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering. It was established in 1973 and is published by John Wiley & Sons. The editor-in-chief is Laurence A. Nafie (Syracuse Univer... | Journal of Raman Spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 141 | [
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Spectroscopy journals"
] |
11,766,887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvature%20of%20a%20measure | In mathematics, the curvature of a measure defined on the Euclidean plane R2 is a quantification of how much the measure's "distribution of mass" is "curved". It is related to notions of curvature in geometry. In the form presented below, the concept was introduced in 1995 by the mathematician Mark S. Melnikov; accordi... | Curvature of a measure | [
"Physics"
] | 578 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Physical quantities",
"Curvature (mathematics)"
] |
2,161,298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioglass%2045S5 | Bioglass 45S5 or calcium sodium phosphosilicate, is a bioactive glass specifically composed of 45 wt% SiO2, 24.5 wt% CaO, 24.5 wt% Na2O, and 6.0 wt% P2O5. Typical applications of Bioglass 45S5 include: bone grafting biomaterials, repair of periodontal defects, cranial and maxillofacial repair, wound care, blood loss co... | Bioglass 45S5 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,174 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Glass chemistry",
"Glass compositions",
"Materials",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
2,161,429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues%20and%20eigenvectors | In linear algebra, an eigenvector ( ) or characteristic vector is a vector that has its direction unchanged (or reversed) by a given linear transformation. More precisely, an eigenvector, , of a linear transformation, , is scaled by a constant factor, , when the linear transformation is applied to it: . The correspondi... | Eigenvalues and eigenvectors | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 11,215 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Linear algebra",
"Abstract algebra",
"Mathematical physics",
"Algebra"
] |
2,161,878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%E2%80%93protein%20interaction | Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by interactions that include electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect. Many are physical contacts with molecular associations... | Protein–protein interaction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 6,822 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Protein–protein interaction assays",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biochemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Biotechnology",
"Signal transduction",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Biophysics",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Neurochemistry",
... |
2,162,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid%20thermal%20processing | Rapid thermal processing (RTP) is a semiconductor manufacturing process which heats silicon wafers to temperatures exceeding 1,000°C for not more than a few seconds. During cooling wafer temperatures must be brought down slowly to prevent dislocations and wafer breakage due to thermal shock. Such rapid heating rates a... | Rapid thermal processing | [
"Materials_science"
] | 526 | [
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Microtechnology"
] |
2,163,562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaucellier%E2%80%93Lipkin%20linkage | The Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage (or Peaucellier–Lipkin cell, or Peaucellier–Lipkin inversor), invented in 1864, was the first true planar straight line mechanism – the first planar linkage capable of transforming rotary motion into perfect straight-line motion, and vice versa. It is named after Charles-Nicolas Peaucelli... | Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,341 | [
"Articles containing proofs",
"Physical phenomena",
"Motion (physics)",
"Linear motion"
] |
2,164,886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homological%20mirror%20symmetry | Homological mirror symmetry is a mathematical conjecture made by Maxim Kontsevich. It seeks a systematic mathematical explanation for a phenomenon called mirror symmetry first observed by physicists studying string theory.
History
In an address to the 1994 International Congress of Mathematicians in Zürich, speculat... | Homological mirror symmetry | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,141 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical structures",
"Conjectures",
"Category theory",
"Duality theories",
"Geometry",
"String theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Symmetry"
] |
2,164,976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dip-pen%20nanolithography | Dip pen nanolithography (DPN) is a scanning probe lithography technique where an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to directly create patterns on a substrate. It can be done on a range of substances with a variety of inks. A common example of this technique is exemplified by the use of alkane thiolates to impri... | Dip-pen nanolithography | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 2,380 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Microtechnology",
"Cloning",
"Chemical engineering",
"Materials science",
"Tissue engineering",
"Scanning probe microscopy",
"Microscopy",
"Nanotechnology",
"Medical technology",
"Lithography (microfabrication)"
] |
2,984,476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaup%E2%80%93Kupershmidt%20equation | The Kaup–Kupershmidt equation (named after David J. Kaup and Boris Abram Kupershmidt) is the nonlinear fifth-order partial differential equation
It is the first equation in a hierarchy of integrable equations with the Lax operator
.
It has properties similar (but not identical) to those of the better-known KdV hier... | Kaup–Kupershmidt equation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 94 | [
"Integrable systems",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical analysis stubs"
] |
2,987,124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt%20bridge%20%28protein%20and%20supramolecular%29 | In chemistry, a salt bridge is a combination of two non-covalent interactions: hydrogen bonding and ionic bonding (Figure 1). Ion pairing is one of the most important noncovalent forces in chemistry, in biological systems, in different materials and in many applications such as ion pair chromatography. It is a most com... | Salt bridge (protein and supramolecular) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,493 | [
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
2,987,828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%28II%29%20acetate | Copper(II) acetate, also referred to as cupric acetate, is the chemical compound with the formula Cu(OAc)2 where AcO− is acetate (). The hydrated derivative, Cu2(OAc)4(H2O)2, which contains one molecule of water for each copper atom, is available commercially. Anhydrous copper(II) acetate is a dark green crystalline so... | Copper(II) acetate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 893 | [
"Catalysis",
"Catalysts",
"Redox",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
2,987,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floquet%20theory | Floquet theory is a branch of the theory of ordinary differential equations relating to the class of solutions to periodic linear differential equations of the form
with and being a piecewise continuous periodic function with period and defines the state of the stability of solutions.
The main theorem of Floquet t... | Floquet theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 814 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Differential equations",
"Equations",
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,987,943 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duffing%20equation | The Duffing equation (or Duffing oscillator), named after Georg Duffing (1861–1944), is a non-linear second-order differential equation used to model certain damped and driven oscillators. The equation is given by
where the (unknown) function is the displacement at time , is the first derivative of with respect to ... | Duffing equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,522 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical objects",
"Nonlinear systems",
"Mathematical relations",
"Chaotic maps",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,988,093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodaira%20vanishing%20theorem | In mathematics, the Kodaira vanishing theorem is a basic result of complex manifold theory and complex algebraic geometry, describing general conditions under which sheaf cohomology groups with indices q > 0 are automatically zero. The implications for the group with index q = 0 is usually that its dimension — the numb... | Kodaira vanishing theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 737 | [
"Theorems in algebraic geometry",
"Theorems in complex geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
2,988,563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite%20measure | Composite measure in statistics and research design refer to composite measures of variables, i.e. measurements based on multiple data items.
An example of a composite measure is an IQ test, which gives a single score based on a series of responses to various questions.
Three common composite measures include:
index... | Composite measure | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 286 | [
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Measurement",
"Size"
] |
2,989,336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBc | dBc (decibels relative to the carrier) is the power ratio of a signal to a carrier signal, expressed in decibels. For example, phase noise is expressed in dBc/Hz at a given frequency offset from the carrier. dBc can also be used as a measurement of Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) between the desired signal and unwan... | DBc | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 280 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Physical quantities",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Quantity",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves",
"Logarithmic scales of measurement",
"Electrical engineering",
"Units of measurement"
] |
6,970,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autler%E2%80%93Townes%20effect | In spectroscopy, the Autler–Townes effect (also known as AC Stark effect), is a dynamical Stark effect corresponding to the case when an oscillating electric field (e.g., that of a laser) is tuned in resonance (or close) to the transition frequency of a given spectral line, and resulting in a change of the shape of the... | Autler–Townes effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,168 | [
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
6,971,691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Mink | Jessica Mink (formerly Douglas John Mink) is an American software developer and a data archivist at the Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian. She was part of the team that discovered the rings around the planet Uranus.
Early life and career
Mink was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1951 and graduated from Dund... | Jessica Mink | [
"Astronomy"
] | 402 | [
"Astronomers",
"LGBTQ astronomers"
] |
6,976,689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant%20wave%20height | In physical oceanography, the significant wave height (SWH, HTSGW or Hs)
is defined traditionally as the mean wave height (trough to crest) of the highest third of the waves (H1/3). It is usually defined as four times the standard deviation of the surface elevation – or equivalently as four times the square root of th... | Significant wave height | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,041 | [
"Naval architecture",
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Water waves",
"Shipbuilding",
"Waves",
"Physical oceanography",
"Marine engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
7,136,985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectorization%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, especially in linear algebra and matrix theory, the vectorization of a matrix is a linear transformation which converts the matrix into a vector. Specifically, the vectorization of a matrix A, denoted vec(A), is the column vector obtained by stacking the columns of the matrix A on top of one another:
... | Vectorization (mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 916 | [
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Linear algebra",
"Mathematical objects",
"Algebra"
] |
7,137,951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlenk%20line | The Schlenk line (also vacuum gas manifold) is a commonly used chemistry apparatus developed by Wilhelm Schlenk. It consists of a dual manifold with several ports. One manifold is connected to a source of purified inert gas, while the other is connected to a vacuum pump. The inert-gas line is vented through an oil bubb... | Schlenk line | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 991 | [
"Vacuum systems",
"Air-free techniques"
] |
7,137,983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme%20catalysis | Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a process by an "enzyme", a biological molecule. Most enzymes are proteins, and most such processes are chemical reactions. Within the enzyme, generally catalysis occurs at a localized site, called the active site.
Most enzymes are made predominantly of proteins, either ... | Enzyme catalysis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,285 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
7,138,173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanduleak%20-69%20202 | Sanduleak -69 202 (Sk -69 202, also known as GSC 09162-00821) was a magnitude 12 blue supergiant star, located on the outskirts of the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It was the progenitor of supernova 1987A.
The star was originally charted by the Romanian-American astronomer Nicholas Sanduleak in 1970... | Sanduleak -69 202 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 295 | [
"Dorado",
"Constellations"
] |
15,947,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-smooth%20mechanics | Non-smooth mechanics is a modeling approach in mechanics which does not require the time evolutions of the positions and of the velocities to be smooth functions. Due to possible impacts, the velocities of the mechanical system are allowed to undergo jumps at certain time instants in order to fulfill the kinematical re... | Non-smooth mechanics | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 736 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
15,954,084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear%20and%20moment%20diagram | Shear force and bending moment diagrams are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural analysis to help perform structural design by determining the value of shear forces and bending moments at a given point of a structural element such as a beam. These diagrams can be used to easily determine the type, size... | Shear and moment diagram | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 948 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Quantity",
"Structural analysis",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
15,958,803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splitting%20principle | In mathematics, the splitting principle is a technique used to reduce questions about vector bundles to the case of line bundles.
In the theory of vector bundles, one often wishes to simplify computations, say of Chern classes. Often computations are well understood for line bundles and for direct sums of line bundle... | Splitting principle | [
"Mathematics"
] | 316 | [
"Mathematical principles"
] |
15,959,032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitary%20combinatorics | In mathematics, infinitary combinatorics, or combinatorial set theory, is an extension of ideas in combinatorics to infinite sets.
Some of the things studied include continuous graphs and trees, extensions of Ramsey's theorem, and Martin's axiom.
Recent developments concern combinatorics of the continuum and combinator... | Infinitary combinatorics | [
"Mathematics"
] | 701 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Set theory",
"Combinatorics"
] |
13,268,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAZMAT%20Class%205%20Oxidizing%20agents%20and%20organic%20peroxides | An oxidizer is a chemical that readily yields oxygen in reactions, thereby causing or enhancing combustion.
Divisions
Division 5.1: Oxidizers
An oxidizer is a material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.
A solid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material i... | HAZMAT Class 5 Oxidizing agents and organic peroxides | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 556 | [
"Materials",
"Hazardous materials",
"Matter"
] |
13,271,310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD%2B%20kinase | {{DISPLAYTITLE:NAD+ kinase}}
NAD+ kinase (EC 2.7.1.23, NADK) is an enzyme that converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) into NADP+ through phosphorylating the NAD+ coenzyme. NADP+ is an essential coenzyme that is reduced to NADPH primarily by the pentose phosphate pathway to provide reducing power in biosynth... | NAD+ kinase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 775 | [
"Cellular processes",
"Cellular respiration",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
13,271,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS/INS | GPS/INS is the use of GPS satellite signals to correct or calibrate a solution from an inertial navigation system (INS). The method is applicable for any GNSS/INS system.
Overview
GPS/INS method
The GPS gives an absolute drift-free position value that can be used to reset the INS solution or can be blended with it b... | GPS/INS | [
"Engineering"
] | 540 | [
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
13,276,879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racetrack%20memory | Racetrack memory or domain-wall memory (DWM) is an experimental non-volatile memory device under development at IBM's Almaden Research Center by a team led by physicist Stuart Parkin. It is a current topic of active research at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Dr. Parkin's group. In early 2008, a ... | Racetrack memory | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,757 | [
"Spintronics",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
13,276,958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial%20value%20formulation%20%28general%20relativity%29 | The initial value formulation of general relativity is a reformulation of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity that describes a universe evolving over time.
Each solution of the Einstein field equations encompasses the whole history of a universe – it is not just some snapshot of how things are, but a whole ... | Initial value formulation (general relativity) | [
"Physics"
] | 737 | [
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
13,277,538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20conductivity%20detector | The thermal conductivity detector (TCD), also known as a katharometer, is a bulk property detector and a chemical specific detector commonly used in gas chromatography. This detector senses changes in the thermal conductivity of the column eluent and compares it to a reference flow of carrier gas. Since most compounds ... | Thermal conductivity detector | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,060 | [
"Chromatography",
"Gas chromatography",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
9,286,935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head%20%28vessel%29 | A head is one of the end caps on a cylindrically shaped pressure vessel.
Principle
Vessel dished ends are mostly used in storage or pressure vessels in industry. These ends, which in upright vessels are the bottom and the top, use less space than a hemisphere (which is the ideal form for pressure containments) while r... | Head (vessel) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 777 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Chemical equipment",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Pressure vessels"
] |
5,473,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair%20distribution%20function | The pair distribution function describes the distribution of distances between pairs of particles contained within a given volume. Mathematically, if a and b are two particles, the pair distribution function of b with respect to a, denoted by is the probability of finding the particle b at distance from a, with a tak... | Pair distribution function | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 867 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
5,474,018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary-field%20Monte%20Carlo | Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo is a method that allows the calculation, by use of Monte Carlo techniques, of averages of operators in many-body quantum mechanical (Blankenbecler 1981, Ceperley 1977) or classical problems (Baeurle 2004, Baeurle 2003, Baeurle 2002a).
Reweighting procedure and numerical sign problem
The dis... | Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 464 | [
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum Monte Carlo",
"Computational physics"
] |
5,477,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCMU | DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is an algicide and herbicide of the aryl urea class that inhibits photosynthesis. It was introduced by Bayer in 1954 under the trade name of Diuron.
History
In 1952, chemists at E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company patented a series of aryl urea derivatives as herbicides.... | DCMU | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 553 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Herbicides",
"Biocides",
"Ureas"
] |
5,477,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Association%20for%20Hydro-Environment%20Engineering%20and%20Research | The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), founded in 1935, is a worldwide, non-profit, independent organisation of engineers and water specialists working in fields related to the hydro-environment and in particular with reference to hydraulics and its practical application. I... | International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research | [
"Engineering"
] | 756 | [
"Engineering societies",
"Hydraulic engineering organizations",
"Civil engineering organizations"
] |
5,477,889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verigy | Verigy Ltd was a Cupertino, California-based semiconductor automatic test equipment manufacturer. The company existed as a business within Hewlett-Packard before it was spun off in 2006 as a standalone company. It was purchased by Advantest in 2011.
History
Verigy was started by Hewlett-Packard, reported to David Pack... | Verigy | [
"Engineering"
] | 707 | [
"Equipment semiconductor companies",
"Semiconductor fabrication equipment"
] |
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