id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5,455,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20Power%20Format | The Si2 Common Power Format, or CPF is a file format for specifying power-saving techniques early in the design process. In the design of integrated circuits, saving power is a primary goal, and designers are forced to use sophisticated techniques such as clock gating, multi-voltage logic, and turning off the power en... | Common Power Format | [
"Engineering"
] | 705 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Power standards"
] |
5,457,285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSSAM%20Model | The DSSAM Model (Dynamic Stream Simulation and Assessment Model) is a computer simulation developed for the Truckee River to analyze water quality impacts from land use and wastewater management decisions in the Truckee River Basin. This area includes the cities of Reno and Sparks, Nevada as well as the Lake Tahoe Basi... | DSSAM Model | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 938 | [
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydrology",
"Water pollution"
] |
5,457,540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka/Ks%20ratio | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Ka/Ks ratio}}
In genetics, the Ka/Ks ratio, also known as ω or dN/dS ratio, is used to estimate the balance between neutral mutations, purifying selection and beneficial mutations acting on a set of homologous protein-coding genes. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous substitution... | Ka/Ks ratio | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,434 | [
"Evolutionary processes",
"Genetics",
"Molecular evolution",
"Molecular biology"
] |
5,458,969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer%20Institute%20for%20Applied%20Optics%20and%20Precision%20Engineering | The Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), also referred to as the Fraunhofer IOF, is an institute of the Fraunhofer Society for the Advancement of Applied Research (FHG). The institute is based in Jena. Its activities are attributed to applied research and development in the branch of... | Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 975 | [
"Engineering research institutes"
] |
2,156,176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay-insensitive%20minterm%20synthesis | Within digital electronics, the DIMS (delay-insensitive minterm synthesis) system is an asynchronous design methodology making the least possible timing assumptions. Assuming only the quasi-delay-insensitive delay model the generated designs need little if any timing hazard testing. The basis for DIMS is the use of two... | Delay-insensitive minterm synthesis | [
"Engineering"
] | 337 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Digital electronics"
] |
2,158,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20weirdness | Quantum weirdness encompasses the aspects of quantum mechanics that challenge and defy human physical intuition.
Human physical intuition is based on macroscopic physical phenomena as are experienced in everyday life, which can mostly be adequately described by the Newtonian mechanics of classical physics. Early 20th-... | Quantum weirdness | [
"Physics"
] | 252 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
2,158,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20electron%20capture | Double electron capture is a decay mode of an atomic nucleus. For a nuclide (A, Z) with a number of nucleons A and atomic number Z, double electron capture is only possible if the mass of the nuclide (A, Z−2) is lower.
In this mode of decay, two of the orbital electrons are captured via the weak interaction by two pro... | Double electron capture | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 826 | [
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
2,159,714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation%20%28magnetic%29 | Seen in some magnetic materials, saturation is the state reached when an increase in applied external magnetic field H cannot increase the magnetization of the material further, so the total magnetic flux density B more or less levels off. (Though, magnetization continues to increase very slowly with the field due to p... | Saturation (magnetic) | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,170 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Hysteresis",
"Magnetic hysteresis"
] |
2,160,429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical%20billiards | A dynamical billiard is a dynamical system in which a particle alternates between free motion (typically as a straight line) and specular reflections from a boundary. When the particle hits the boundary it reflects from it without loss of speed (i.e. elastic collisions). Billiards are Hamiltonian idealizations of the g... | Dynamical billiards | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,429 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
11,735,693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20quadratic%20polynomial | A complex quadratic polynomial is a quadratic polynomial whose coefficients and variable are complex numbers.
Properties
Quadratic polynomials have the following properties, regardless of the form:
It is a unicritical polynomial, i.e. it has one finite critical point in the complex plane, Dynamical plane consist of m... | Complex quadratic polynomial | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,822 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Complex dynamics",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Polynomials",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fractals",
"Mathematical relations",
"Algebra",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
11,736,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20multipole%20analysis | In computational chemistry, distributed multipole analysis (DMA) is a compact and accurate way of describing the spatial distribution of electric charge within a molecule.
Multipole expansion
The DMA method was devised by Prof. Anthony Stone of Cambridge University to describe the charge distribution of a molecule in ... | Distributed multipole analysis | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 937 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
11,736,738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizeau%20interferometer | A Fizeau interferometer is an interferometric arrangement whereby two reflecting surfaces are placed facing each other. As seen in Fig 1, the rear-surface reflected light from the transparent first reflector is combined with front-surface reflected light from the second reflector to form interference fringes.
The term... | Fizeau interferometer | [
"Astronomy",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 866 | [
"Interferometers",
"Observational astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
11,737,468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic%20bisimulation | In theoretical computer science, probabilistic bisimulation is an extension of the concept of bisimulation for fully probabilistic transition systems first described by K.G. Larsen and A. Skou.
A discrete probabilistic transition system is a triple
where gives the probability of starting in the state s, performin... | Probabilistic bisimulation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 262 | [
"Theoretical computer science",
"Applied mathematics"
] |
11,737,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20drive | Molecular drive is a term coined by Gabriel Dover in 1982 to describe evolutionary processes that change the genetic composition of a population through DNA turnover mechanisms. Molecular drive operates independently of natural selection and genetic drift.
The best-known such process is the concerted evolution of gene... | Molecular drive | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 408 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Evolutionary processes",
"Molecular evolution",
"Molecular biology",
"Non-Darwinian evolution",
"Biology theories"
] |
11,738,155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatiotemporal%20Epidemiological%20Modeler | The Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) is free software available through the Eclipse Foundation. Originally developed by IBM Research, STEM is a framework and development tool designed to help scientists create and use spatial and temporal models of infectious disease. STEM uses a component software archite... | Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 536 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Space",
"Epidemiology",
"Spacetime",
"Environmental social science",
"Space and time"
] |
11,739,239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randle%20cycle | The Randle cycle, also known as the glucose fatty-acid cycle, is a metabolic process involving the cross inhibition of glucose and fatty acids for substrates. It is theorized to play a role in explaining type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
It was named for Philip Randle, who described it in 1963.
Cycle
The Randle... | Randle cycle | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,522 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism",
"Cellular processes"
] |
11,740,178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primes%20in%20arithmetic%20progression | In number theory, primes in arithmetic progression are any sequence of at least three prime numbers that are consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression. An example is the sequence of primes (3, 7, 11), which is given by for .
According to the Green–Tao theorem, there exist arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions... | Primes in arithmetic progression | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,311 | [
"Prime numbers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers",
"Number theory"
] |
11,741,990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent%20kinase%20inhibitor%20protein | A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein (also known as CKIs, CDIs, or CDKIs) is a protein that inhibits the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Cyclin activity by stopping the cell cycle if there are unfavorable conditions, therefore, acting as tumor suppressors. Cell cycle progression is stopped by Cyclin-dep... | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein | [
"Biology"
] | 1,176 | [
"Protein domains",
"Protein classification"
] |
11,743,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite%20alleles%20model | The infinite alleles model is a mathematical model for calculating genetic mutations. The Japanese geneticist Motoo Kimura and American geneticist James F. Crow (1964) introduced the infinite alleles model, an attempt to determine for a finite diploid population what proportion of loci would be homozygous. This was,... | Infinite alleles model | [
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 665 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical and theoretical biology"
] |
11,744,449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering%20from%20rough%20surfaces | Surface roughness scattering or interface roughness scattering is the elastic scattering of particles against a rough solid surface or imperfect interface between two different materials. This effect has been observed in classical systems, such as microparticle scattering, as well as quantum systems, where it arises e... | Scattering from rough surfaces | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 459 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Scattering",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
11,746,968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialyte%20lens | A dialyte lens (sometimes called a dialyt) is a compound lens design that corrects optical aberrations where the lens elements are widely air-spaced. The design is used to save on the amount of glass used for specific elements or where elements can not be cemented because they have dissimilar curvatures. The word dialy... | Dialyte lens | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 557 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
13,247,184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS%20%28hydrology%20software%29 | SMS (Surface-water Modeling System) is a complete program for building and simulating surface water models from Aquaveo. It features 1D and 2D modeling and a unique conceptual model approach. Currently supported models include ADCIRC, CMS-FLOW2D, FESWMS, TABS, TUFLOW, BOUSS-2D, CGWAVE, STWAVE, CMS-WAVE (WABED), GENESIS... | SMS (hydrology software) | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,379 | [
"Hydrology",
"Hydrology software"
] |
13,250,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20mass%20spectrometry | Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an important method for the accurate mass determination and characterization of proteins, and a variety of methods and instrumentations have been developed for its many uses. Its applications include... | Protein mass spectrometry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,330 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
13,251,197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20cyclotron%20resonance | Ion cyclotron resonance is a phenomenon related to the movement of ions in a magnetic field. It is used for accelerating ions in a cyclotron, and for measuring the masses of an ionized analyte in mass spectrometry, particularly with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers. It can also be used to fo... | Ion cyclotron resonance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 444 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Ion source",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
10,764,126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeuroArm | NeuroArm is an engineering research surgical robot specifically designed for neurosurgery. It is the first image-guided, MR-compatible surgical robot that has the capability to perform both microsurgery and stereotaxy.
IMRIS, Inc. acquired NeuroArm assets in 2010, and the company is working to develop a next generatio... | NeuroArm | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 914 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Medical technology",
"Biomedical engineering"
] |
10,768,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20system | A software system is a system of intercommunicating components based on software forming part of a computer system (a combination of hardware and software). It "consists of a number of separate programs, configuration files, which are used to set up these programs, system documentation, which describes the structure of... | Software system | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 451 | [
"Software engineering",
"Systems engineering",
"Computing terminology",
"Software engineering terminology"
] |
10,773,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s%20rule | The Eötvös rule, named after the Hungarian physicist Loránd (Roland) Eötvös (1848–1919) enables the prediction of the surface tension of an arbitrary liquid pure substance at all temperatures. The density, molar mass and the critical temperature of the liquid have to be known. At the critical point the surface tension ... | Eötvös rule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 525 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Thermodynamic equations",
"Equations of physics",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
10,777,584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keetch%E2%80%93Byram%20drought%20index | The Keetch–Byram drought index (known as KBDI), created by John Keetch and George Byram in 1968 for the United States Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, is a measure of drought conditions. It is commonly used for the purpose of predicting the likelihood and severity of wildfire. It is calculated based on rainf... | Keetch–Byram drought index | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 281 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
10,778,792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20American%20Energy%20Council | The South American Energy Council is a body set up to co-ordinate the regional energy policy of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR).
History
Its establishment was agreed at the first South American Energy Summit, which took place on April 16–17 2007 on Isla Margarita in the Venezuelan state of Nueva Esparta... | South American Energy Council | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 197 | [
"International energy organizations",
"Environmental social science",
"Energy organizations",
"Energy policy"
] |
569,705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated%20immunity | Cellular immunity, also known as cell-mediated immunity, is an immune response that does not rely on the production of antibodies. Rather, cell-mediated immunity is the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
History
In the la... | Cell-mediated immunity | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,868 | [
"Cell biology",
"Immune system",
"Signal transduction",
"Immunology",
"Cytokines",
"Organ systems",
"Apoptosis"
] |
570,111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20control%20unit | An electronic control unit (ECU), also known as an electronic control module (ECM), is an embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a car or other motor vehicle.
Modern vehicles have many ECUs, and these can include some or all of the following: engi... | Electronic control unit | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 952 | [
"Self-driving cars",
"Physical quantities",
"Engines",
"Engine technology",
"Power (physics)",
"Automotive engineering",
"Engine components",
"Power control"
] |
570,172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspeed | In aviation, airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the air it is flying through (which itself is usually moving relative to the ground due to wind). It is difficult to measure the exact airspeed of the aircraft (true airspeed), but other measures of airspeed, such as indicated airspeed and Mach number give u... | Airspeed | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,851 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Aerodynamics",
"Airspeed",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
571,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penthouse%20apartment | A penthouse is an apartment or unit traditionally on the highest floor of an apartment building, condominium, hotel, or tower. Penthouses are typically differentiated from other apartments by luxury features. The term 'penthouse' originally referred, and sometimes still does refer, to a separate smaller 'house' that wa... | Penthouse apartment | [
"Technology"
] | 819 | [
"Structural system",
"Houses"
] |
571,274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug%20discovery | In the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered.
Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin. More recently, chemical libr... | Drug discovery | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,869 | [
"Life sciences industry",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Drug discovery"
] |
571,341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOT%20%28graph%20description%20language%29 | DOT is a graph description language, developed as a part of the Graphviz project. DOT graphs are typically stored as files with the .gv or .dot filename extension — .gv is preferred, to avoid confusion with the .dot extension used by versions of Microsoft Word before 2007. dot is also the name of the main program to pr... | DOT (graph description language) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,210 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph description languages",
"Graph theory",
"Mathematical software"
] |
573,343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory%20metals | Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials science, metallurgy and engineering. The definition of which elements belong to this group differs. The most common definition includes five elements: two of the fifth p... | Refractory metals | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,616 | [
"Metals",
"Metallurgy",
"Refractory materials",
"Materials science",
"Refractory metals",
"Materials",
"Alloys",
"nan",
"Matter"
] |
573,489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3%20carbon%20fixation | {{DISPLAYTITLE: C3 carbon fixation}}
carbon fixation is the most common of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, the other two being and CAM. This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar) into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate through the followin... | C3 carbon fixation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,056 | [
"Metabolic pathways",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism",
"Photosynthesis"
] |
15,931,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20complete%20theory | In model theory, a first-order theory is called model complete if every embedding of its models is an elementary embedding.
Equivalently, every first-order formula is equivalent to a universal formula.
This notion was introduced by Abraham Robinson.
Model companion and model completion
A companion of a theory T is ... | Model complete theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 500 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Model theory"
] |
15,932,531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20focusing | Weak focusing occurs in particle accelerators when charged particles are passing through uniform magnetic fields, causing them to move in circular paths due to the Lorentz force. Because of the circular movement, the orbits of two particles with slightly different positions may approximate or even cross each other.
Be... | Weak focusing | [
"Physics"
] | 163 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
2,977,884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugation%20of%20isometries%20in%20Euclidean%20space | In a group, the conjugate by g of h is ghg−1.
Translation
If h is a translation, then its conjugation by an isometry can be described as applying the isometry to the translation:
the conjugation of a translation by a translation is the first translation
the conjugation of a translation by a rotation is a translation b... | Conjugation of isometries in Euclidean space | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,268 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Euclidean symmetries",
"Mathematical objects",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical relations",
"Symmetry"
] |
2,978,332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodic%20arc%20deposition | Cathodic arc deposition or Arc-PVD is a physical vapor deposition technique in which an electric arc is used to vaporize material from a cathode target. The vaporized material then condenses on a substrate, forming a thin film. The technique can be used to deposit metallic, ceramic, and composite films.
History
Indus... | Cathodic arc deposition | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,595 | [
"Thin film deposition",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
2,979,145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20neutral | In finance, delta neutral describes a portfolio of related financial securities, in which the portfolio value remains unchanged when small changes occur in the value of the underlying security (having zero delta). Such a portfolio typically contains options and their corresponding underlying securities such that positi... | Delta neutral | [
"Mathematics"
] | 717 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical finance"
] |
2,979,341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter%20%28graph%20theory%29 | In graph theory, the diameter of a connected undirected graph is the farthest distance between any two of its vertices. That is, it is the diameter of a set for the set of vertices of the graph, and for the shortest-path distance in the graph. Diameter may be considered either for weighted or for unweighted graphs. Res... | Diameter (graph theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 698 | [
"Computational problems in graph theory",
"Computational mathematics",
"Graph theory",
"Computational problems",
"Graph invariants",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical problems",
"Graph distance"
] |
2,980,233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focused%20ion%20beam | Focused ion beam, also known as FIB, is a technique used particularly in the semiconductor industry, materials science and increasingly in the biological field for site-specific analysis, deposition, and ablation of materials. A FIB setup is a scientific instrument that resembles a scanning electron microscope (SEM). H... | Focused ion beam | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,174 | [
"Electron",
"Electron microscopy",
"Thin film deposition",
"Microtechnology",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Microscopy",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
2,980,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin%20heavy%20chain | The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) is the large polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). In human genome, the IgH gene loci are on chromosome 14.
A typical antibody is composed of two immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains and two Ig light chains. Several different types of heavy chain exist that define the cl... | Immunoglobulin heavy chain | [
"Biology"
] | 1,151 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
2,980,541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%27s%20theorem%20on%20special%20divisors | In mathematics, Clifford's theorem on special divisors is a result of on algebraic curves, showing the constraints on special linear systems on a curve C.
Statement
A divisor on a Riemann surface C is a formal sum of points P on C with integer coefficients. One considers a divisor as a set of constraints on meromor... | Clifford's theorem on special divisors | [
"Mathematics"
] | 599 | [
"Theorems in algebraic geometry",
"Geometry problems",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Unsolved problems in geometry",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
2,981,465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germane | Germane is the chemical compound with the formula GeH4, and the germanium analogue of methane. It is the simplest germanium hydride and one of the most useful compounds of germanium. Like the related compounds silane and methane, germane is tetrahedral. It burns in air to produce GeO2 and water. Germane is a group 14 h... | Germane | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 925 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Reducing agents",
"Metal hydrides",
"Industrial gases",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
2,983,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bred%20vector | In applied mathematics, bred vectors are perturbations related to Lyapunov vectors, that capture fast-growing dynamical instabilities of the solution of a numerical model. They are used, for example, as initial perturbations for ensemble forecasting in numerical weather prediction. They were introduced by Zoltan Toth a... | Bred vector | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 204 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
6,959,617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal%20level | Nominal level is the operating level at which an electronic signal processing device is designed to operate. The electronic circuits that make up such equipment are limited in the maximum signal they can handle and the low-level internally generated electronic noise they add to the signal. The difference between the in... | Nominal level | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 495 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing"
] |
6,959,754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20connected%20space | In topology and other branches of mathematics, a topological space X is
locally connected if every point admits a neighbourhood basis consisting of open connected sets.
As a stronger notion, the space X is locally path connected if every point admits a neighbourhood basis consisting of open path connected sets.
Backg... | Locally connected space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,763 | [
"General topology",
"Properties of topological spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Articles containing proofs"
] |
6,961,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20ideal%20ring | In mathematics, a principal right (left) ideal ring is a ring R in which every right (left) ideal is of the form xR (Rx) for some element x of R. (The right and left ideals of this form, generated by one element, are called principal ideals.) When this is satisfied for both left and right ideals, such as the case whe... | Principal ideal ring | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,245 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Commutative algebra",
"Ring theory"
] |
6,962,075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruedi%20Aebersold | Rudolf Aebersold (better known as Ruedi Aebersold; born September 12, 1954) is a Swiss biologist, regarded as a pioneer in the fields of proteomics and systems biology. He has primarily researched techniques for measuring proteins in complex samples, in many cases via mass spectrometry. Ruedi Aebersold is a professor o... | Ruedi Aebersold | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 502 | [
"Biochemists",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Mass spectrometrists"
] |
6,962,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotrian%20diagram | A Grotrian diagram, or term diagram, shows the allowed electronic transitions between the energy levels of atoms. They can be used for one-electron and multi-electron atoms. They take into account the specific selection rules related to changes in angular momentum of the electron. The diagrams are named after Walter ... | Grotrian diagram | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 225 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Astronomy stubs",
" molecular",
"Atomic physics",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
6,966,559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocrystalline%20material | A nanocrystalline (NC) material is a polycrystalline material with a crystallite size of only a few nanometers. These materials fill the gap between amorphous materials without any long range order and conventional coarse-grained materials. Definitions vary, but nanocrystalline material is commonly defined as a crystal... | Nanocrystalline material | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,622 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Crystals",
"nan",
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanomaterials"
] |
14,416,367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrasentan | Atrasentan is an experimental drug that is being studied for the treatment of various types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer. It is also being investigated as a therapy for diabetic kidney disease.
It is an endothelin receptor antagonist selective for subtype A (ETA). While other drugs of this type (si... | Atrasentan | [
"Chemistry"
] | 373 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Pharmacology stubs"
] |
14,416,795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelin%20receptor%20type%20B | Endothelin receptor type B, (ET-B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDNRB gene.
Function
Endothelin receptor type B is a G protein-coupled receptor which activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its ligand, endothelin, consists of a family of three potent vasoactive peptides: ET... | Endothelin receptor type B | [
"Chemistry"
] | 415 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,422,554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoenthalpic%E2%80%93isobaric%20ensemble | The isoenthalpic-isobaric ensemble (constant enthalpy and constant pressure ensemble) is a statistical mechanical ensemble that maintains constant enthalpy and constant pressure applied. It is also called the -ensemble, where the number of particles is also kept as a constant. It was developed by physicist H. C. And... | Isoenthalpic–isobaric ensemble | [
"Physics"
] | 222 | [
"Statistical mechanics stubs",
"Statistical ensembles",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
14,423,824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20tests%20in%20mushroom%20identification | Chemical tests in mushroom identification are methods that aid in determining the variety of some fungi. The most useful tests are Melzer's reagent and potassium hydroxide.
Ammonia
Household ammonia can be used. A couple of drops are placed on the flesh. For example, Boletus spadiceus gives a fleeting blue to blue... | Chemical tests in mushroom identification | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,012 | [
"Mycology",
"Chemical tests"
] |
14,425,296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hume-Rothery%20rules | Hume-Rothery rules, named after William Hume-Rothery, are a set of basic rules that describe the conditions under which an element could dissolve in a metal, forming a solid solution. There are two sets of rules; one refers to substitutional solid solutions, and the other refers to interstitial solid solutions.
Subst... | Hume-Rothery rules | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 505 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
156,700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication%20channel | A communication channel refers either to a physical transmission medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channel in telecommunications and computer networking. A channel is used for information transfer of, for example, a digital bit stream, from one or several sender... | Communication channel | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,313 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
156,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20mass%20%28solid-state%20physics%29 | In solid state physics, a particle's effective mass (often denoted ) is the mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. One of the results from the band theory of solids is that the movement of particl... | Effective mass (solid-state physics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,074 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Size",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
156,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination | Desalination is a process that removes mineral components from saline water. More generally, desalination is the removal of salts and minerals from a substance. One example is soil desalination. This is important for agriculture. It is possible to desalinate saltwater, especially sea water, to produce water for human c... | Desalination | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 10,098 | [
"Hydrology",
"Water desalination",
"Water treatment",
"Chemical equipment",
"Fresh water",
"Filters",
"Water pollution",
"Filtration",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology",
"Water supply"
] |
156,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophysiology | Electrophysiology (from Greek , ēlektron, "amber" [see the etymology of "electron"]; , physis, "nature, origin"; and , -logia) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage changes or electric current or manipulations on a wide v... | Electrophysiology | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,734 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biophysics",
"Ion channels"
] |
156,962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20scattering%20techniques | X-ray scattering techniques are a family of non-destructive analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystal structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a functi... | X-ray scattering techniques | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 555 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"X-ray scattering",
"Materials science",
"Laboratory techniques in condensed matter physics",
"Crystallography",
"Scattering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"X-ray crystallography"
] |
157,700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment%20of%20inertia | The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the mass moment of inertia, angular/rotational mass, second moment of mass, or most accurately, rotational inertia, of a rigid body is defined relative to a rotational axis. It is the ratio between the torque applied and the resulting angular acceleration about that axis. It pl... | Moment of inertia | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 7,143 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Rotation",
"Motion (physics)",
"Mechanics",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
157,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiola | In music, hemiola (also hemiolia) is the ratio 3:2. The equivalent Latin term is sesquialtera. In rhythm, hemiola refers to three beats of equal value in the time normally occupied by two beats. In pitch, hemiola refers to the interval of a perfect fifth.
Etymology
The word hemiola comes from the Greek adjective ἡμιόλ... | Hemiola | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,881 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Rhythm and meter",
"Arithmetic",
"Spacetime",
"Ratios"
] |
157,835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20table | The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with groundwater, which may be fresh, saline, or brackish, depending on the locality. It can also be simply explained as the depth below which the ground is saturated.
The... | Water table | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,080 | [
"Hydrology",
"Aquifers",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water supply",
"Hydrogeology"
] |
158,405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%28II%29%20sulfate | Iron(II) sulfate (British English: iron(II) sulphate) or ferrous sulfate denotes a range of salts with the formula FeSO4·xH2O. These compounds exist most commonly as the heptahydrate (x = 7) but several values for x are known. The hydrated form is used medically to treat or prevent iron deficiency, and also for industr... | Iron(II) sulfate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,624 | [
"Sulfates",
"Deliquescent materials",
"Salts"
] |
158,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ls | In computing, ls is a command to list computer files and directories in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is specified by POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification.
It is available in the EFI shell, as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU... | Ls | [
"Technology"
] | 1,826 | [
"IBM i Qshell commands",
"Standard Unix programs",
"Multics commands",
"Computing commands",
"Plan 9 commands",
"Inferno (operating system) commands"
] |
158,740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust%20gas%20recirculation | In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide () emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline, diesel engines and some hydrogen engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. The exhaust gas displaces atmospheric air... | Exhaust gas recirculation | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,923 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Engine technology",
"Engines"
] |
158,741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-to-weight%20ratio | Power-to-weight ratio (PWR, also called specific power, or power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another. Power-to-weight ratio is a measurement of actual performance of any engine or power source. It is also used as ... | Power-to-weight ratio | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,563 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Power (physics)",
"Energy (physics)",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
11,750,741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20materials-testing%20resources | Materials testing is used to assess product quality, functionality, safety, reliability and toxicity of both materials and electronic devices. Some applications of materials testing include defect detection, failure analysis, material development, basic materials science research, and the verification of material prope... | List of materials-testing resources | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 252 | [
"Materials testing",
"Materials science"
] |
11,755,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airflow%20Sciences%20Corporation | Airflow Sciences Corporation (ASC) is an engineering consulting company based in Livonia, Michigan, USA that specializes in the design and optimization of equipment and processes involving flow, heat transfer, combustion, and mass transfer. Engineering techniques include Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, ex... | Airflow Sciences Corporation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 833 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
11,756,462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20cryptosystem | In cryptography, a hybrid cryptosystem is one which combines the convenience of a public-key cryptosystem with the efficiency of a symmetric-key cryptosystem. Public-key cryptosystems are convenient in that they do not require the sender and receiver to share a common secret in order to communicate securely. However, t... | Hybrid cryptosystem | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,154 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
11,757,250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CH2N2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:CH2N2}}
CH2N2 may refer to:
Cyanamide, an organic compound
Diazirine, class of organic molecules with a cyclopropene-like ring, 3H-diazirene
Diazomethane, chemical compound discovered in 1894
Isodiazomethane, parent compound of a class of derivatives of general formula R2N–NC
Nitrilimine, class of ... | CH2N2 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 108 | [
"Isomerism",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas"
] |
9,269,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision%20tests%20of%20QED | Quantum electrodynamics (QED), a relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics, is among the most stringently tested theories in physics. The most precise and specific tests of QED consist of measurements of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant, α, in various physical systems. Checking the consistency of... | Precision tests of QED | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,276 | [
"Electrodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
9,269,357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative%20deamination | Oxidative deamination is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing compounds, and occurs primarily in the liver. Oxidative deamination is stereospecific, meaning it contains different stereoisomers as reactants and products; this process is either catalyzed by L... | Oxidative deamination | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 496 | [
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
9,270,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20aluminates | Calcium aluminates are a range of materials obtained by heating calcium oxide and aluminium oxide together at high temperatures. They are encountered in the manufacture of refractories and cements.
The stable phases shown in the phase diagram (formed at atmospheric pressure under an atmosphere of normal humidity) are... | Calcium aluminates | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 526 | [
"Refractory materials",
"Materials",
"Ceramic materials",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Matter"
] |
9,272,422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20ultraviolet%20absorbance | Specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) is the absorbance of ultraviolet light in a water sample at a specified wavelength that is normalized for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. Specific UV absorbance (SUVA) wavelengths have analytical uses to measure the aromatic character of dissolved organic matter by d... | Specific ultraviolet absorbance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 282 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"nan",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
9,272,721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematic%20diagram | In mechanical engineering, a kinematic diagram or kinematic scheme (also called a joint map or skeleton diagram) illustrates the connectivity of links and joints of a mechanism or machine rather than the dimensions or shape of the parts. Often links are presented as geometric objects, such as lines, triangles or squar... | Kinematic diagram | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 378 | [
"Mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Mechanisms (engineering)"
] |
9,274,067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marangoni%20number | The Marangoni number (Ma) is, as usually defined, the dimensionless number that compares the rate of transport due to Marangoni flows, with the rate of transport of diffusion. The Marangoni effect is flow of a liquid due to gradients in the surface tension of the liquid. Diffusion is of whatever is creating the gradien... | Marangoni number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 647 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
975,309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementation%20process | The cementation process is an obsolete technology for making steel by carburization of iron. Unlike modern steelmaking, it increased the amount of carbon in the iron. It was apparently developed before the 17th century. Derwentcote Steel Furnace, built in 1720, is the earliest surviving example of a cementation furn... | Cementation process | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,080 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Steelmaking",
"Metallurgy"
] |
975,450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument%20of%20periapsis | The argument of periapsis (also called argument of perifocus or argument of pericenter), symbolized as ω (omega), is one of the orbital elements of an orbiting body. Parametrically, ω is the angle from the body's ascending node to its periapsis, measured in the direction of motion.
For specific types of orbits, term... | Argument of periapsis | [
"Physics"
] | 572 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Angle"
] |
976,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divided%20differences | In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation.
Divided differences is a recursive division process. Given a s... | Divided differences | [
"Mathematics"
] | 926 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Finite differences"
] |
976,673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%E2%80%93Schmidt%20operator | In mathematics, a Hilbert–Schmidt operator, named after David Hilbert and Erhard Schmidt, is a bounded operator that acts on a Hilbert space and has finite Hilbert–Schmidt norm
where is an orthonormal basis. The index set need not be countable. However, the sum on the right must contain at most countably many non-... | Hilbert–Schmidt operator | [
"Mathematics"
] | 796 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical relations",
"Linear operators"
] |
977,206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilator | A stabilator is a fully movable aircraft horizontal stabilizer. It serves the usual functions of longitudinal stability, control and stick force requirements otherwise performed by the separate parts of a conventional horizontal stabilizer (which is fixed) and elevator (which is adjustable). Apart from reduced drag, p... | Stabilator | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,173 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
977,522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket-powered%20aircraft | A rocket-powered aircraft or rocket plane is an aircraft that uses a rocket engine for propulsion, sometimes in addition to airbreathing jet engines. Rocket planes can achieve much higher speeds than similarly sized jet aircraft, but typically for at most a few minutes of powered operation, followed by a gliding flight... | Rocket-powered aircraft | [
"Engineering"
] | 4,301 | [
"Aircraft configurations",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
978,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple%20product | In geometry and algebra, the triple product is a product of three 3-dimensional vectors, usually Euclidean vectors. The name "triple product" is used for two different products, the scalar-valued scalar triple product and, less often, the vector-valued vector triple product.
Scalar triple product
The scalar triple p... | Triple product | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,562 | [
"Mathematical problems",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical identities",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Algebra"
] |
978,840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryostat | A cryostat (from cryo meaning cold and stat meaning stable) is a device used to maintain low cryogenic temperatures of samples or devices mounted within the cryostat. Low temperatures may be maintained within a cryostat by using various refrigeration methods, most commonly using cryogenic fluid bath such as liquid hel... | Cryostat | [
"Physics"
] | 1,518 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Vacuum flasks",
"Vacuum",
"Cryogenics",
"Matter"
] |
978,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittleness | A material is brittle if, when subjected to stress, it fractures with little elastic deformation and without significant plastic deformation. Brittle materials absorb relatively little energy prior to fracture, even those of high strength. Breaking is often accompanied by a sharp snapping sound.
When used in materials... | Brittleness | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 959 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Physical properties"
] |
979,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico%20Betti | Enrico Betti Glaoui (21 October 1823 – 11 August 1892) was an Italian mathematician, now remembered mostly for his 1871 paper on topology that led to the later naming after him of the Betti numbers. He worked also on the theory of equations, giving early expositions of Galois theory. He also discovered Betti's theorem,... | Enrico Betti | [
"Mathematics"
] | 391 | [
"Topologists",
"Topology"
] |
979,199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20movement | The term beta movement is used for the optical illusion of apparent motion in which the very short projection of one figure and a subsequent very short projection of a more or less similar figure in a different location are experienced as one figure moving.
The illusion of motion caused by animation and film is someti... | Beta movement | [
"Physics"
] | 877 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Optical illusions"
] |
979,251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital%20maneuver | In spaceflight, an orbital maneuver (otherwise known as a burn) is the use of propulsion systems to change the orbit of a spacecraft.
For spacecraft far from Earth, an orbital maneuver is called a deep-space maneuver (DSM).
When a spacecraft is not conducting a maneuver, especially in a transfer orbit, it is said to ... | Orbital maneuver | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,379 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
979,306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital%20station-keeping | In astrodynamics, orbital station-keeping is keeping a spacecraft at a fixed distance from another spacecraft or celestial body. It requires a series of orbital maneuvers made with thruster burns to keep the active craft in the same orbit as its target. For many low Earth orbit satellites, the effects of non-Keplerian ... | Orbital station-keeping | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,805 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
979,374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital%20inclination%20change | Orbital inclination change is an orbital maneuver aimed at changing the inclination of an orbiting body's orbit. This maneuver is also known as an orbital plane change as the plane of the orbit is tipped. This maneuver requires a change in the orbital velocity vector (delta-v) at the orbital nodes (i.e. the point where... | Orbital inclination change | [
"Engineering"
] | 907 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
4,095,359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic%20of%20information | The logic of information, or the logical theory of information, considers the information content of logical signs and expressions along the lines initially developed by Charles Sanders Peirce. In this line of work, the concept of information serves to integrate the aspects of signs and expressions that are separately... | Logic of information | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 274 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
4,095,925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-to-light%20ratio | In astrophysics and physical cosmology the mass-to-light ratio, normally designated with the Greek letter upsilon, , is the quotient between the total mass of a spatial volume (typically on the scales of a galaxy or a cluster) and its luminosity.
These ratios are calculated relative to the Sun as a baseline ratio whi... | Mass-to-light ratio | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 306 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Ratios",
"Arithmetic",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
4,099,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgene | A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another. The introduction of a transgene, in a process known as transgenesis, has the potential to change the phenotype of an organism. Transgene describes a segment of DNA containing... | Transgene | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,154 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biological engineering",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Molecular biology",
"Gene delivery"
] |
4,100,584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickWin | QuickWin was a library from Microsoft that made it possible to compile command line MS-DOS programs as Windows 3.1 applications, displaying their output in a window.
Since the release of Windows NT, Microsoft has included support for console applications in the Windows operating system itself via the Windows Console, ... | QuickWin | [
"Technology"
] | 122 | [
"IT infrastructure",
"Computer libraries"
] |
4,101,208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takt%20time | Takt time, or simply takt, is a manufacturing term to describe the required product assembly duration that is needed to match the demand. Often confused with cycle time, takt time is a tool used to design work and it measures the average time interval between the start of production of one unit and the start of product... | Takt time | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,281 | [
"Lean manufacturing"
] |
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