id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5,478,160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLEO%20%28particle%20detector%29 | CLEO was a general purpose particle detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), and the name of the collaboration of physicists who operated the detector. The name CLEO is not an acronym; it is short for Cleopatra and was chosen to go with CESR (pronounced Caesar). CESR was a particle accelerator designed to ... | CLEO (particle detector) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 6,779 | [
"Particle detectors",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
5,479,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic%20orifice | The aortic orifice (aortic opening) is a circular opening, in front and to the right of the left atrioventricular orifice, from which it is separated by the anterior cusp of the bicuspid valve.
It is guarded by the aortic semilunar valve.
The portion of the ventricle immediately below the aortic orifice is termed the... | Aortic orifice | [
"Biology"
] | 109 | [
"Organ systems",
"Circulatory system"
] |
5,479,075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid%20modes%20of%20evolution | Rapid modes of evolution have been proposed by several notable biologists after Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolutionary descent by natural selection. In his book On the Origin of Species (1859), Darwin stressed the gradual nature of descent, writing:
It may be said that natural selection is daily and hourly... | Rapid modes of evolution | [
"Biology"
] | 532 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
5,480,019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunochemistry | Immunochemistry is the study of the chemistry of the immune system. This involves the study of the properties, functions, interactions and production of the chemical components (antibodies/immunoglobulins, toxin, epitopes of proteins like CD4, antitoxins, cytokines/chemokines, antigens) of the immune system. It also ... | Immunochemistry | [
"Biology"
] | 380 | [
"Branches of immunology"
] |
5,480,302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation%20in%20Fr%C3%A9chet%20spaces | In mathematics, in particular in functional analysis and nonlinear analysis, it is possible to define the derivative of a function between two Fréchet spaces. This notion of differentiation, as it is Gateaux derivative between Fréchet spaces, is significantly weaker than the derivative in a Banach space, even between ... | Differentiation in Fréchet spaces | [
"Mathematics"
] | 650 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Vector spaces",
"Calculus",
"Mathematical objects",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological vector spaces",
"Mathematical relations",
"Differential calculus"
] |
5,480,422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%20cycling | Field cycling is a measurement method which uses variable magnetic fields to measure the magnetization of a sample. Fast field cycling is the same method except with fast switchable magnetic fields.
Field cycling is either "mechanical" or "electrical." Mechanical field cycling moves the sample between two positions wi... | Field cycling | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 151 | [
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Measurement",
"Size"
] |
5,480,651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialise%20Mimics | Materialise Mimics is an image processing software for 3D design and modeling, developed by Materialise NV, a Belgian company specialized in additive manufacturing software and technology for medical, dental and additive manufacturing industries. Materialise Mimics is used to create 3D surface models from stacks of 2D ... | Materialise Mimics | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 406 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Medical technology",
"Biomedical engineering"
] |
573,875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement%20in%20quantum%20mechanics | In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory is that the predictions it makes are probabilistic. The procedure for finding a probability involves combining a quantum state, which mathematically describes a quan... | Measurement in quantum mechanics | [
"Physics"
] | 5,548 | [
"Philosophy of physics",
"Quantum measurement",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
574,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20transform | In mathematics and signal processing, the Hilbert transform is a specific singular integral that takes a function, of a real variable and produces another function of a real variable . The Hilbert transform is given by the Cauchy principal value of the convolution with the function (see ). The Hilbert transform ha... | Hilbert transform | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,887 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing"
] |
574,491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessary | A pessary is a prosthetic device inserted into the vagina for structural and pharmaceutical purposes. It is most commonly used to treat stress urinary incontinence to stop urinary leakage and to treat pelvic organ prolapse to maintain the location of organs in the pelvic region. It can also be used to administer medica... | Pessary | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,834 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug delivery devices",
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
575,641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting%20out%20nines | Casting out nines is any of three arithmetical procedures:
Adding the decimal digits of a positive whole number, while optionally ignoring any 9s or digits which sum to 9 or a multiple of 9. The result of this procedure is a number which is smaller than the original whenever the original has more than one digit, leaves... | Casting out nines | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,077 | [
"Arithmetic",
"Reliability engineering",
"Number theory",
"Error detection and correction"
] |
575,697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheminformatics | Cheminformatics (also known as chemoinformatics) refers to the use of physical chemistry theory with computer and information science techniques—so called "in silico" techniques—in application to a range of descriptive and prescriptive problems in the field of chemistry, including in its applications to biology and rel... | Cheminformatics | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 968 | [
"Computational fields of study",
"Life sciences industry",
"Drug discovery",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"Computing and society",
"Cheminformatics",
"nan",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Applied statistics"
] |
576,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloplast | Amyloplasts are a type of plastid, double-enveloped organelles in plant cells that are involved in various biological pathways. Amyloplasts are specifically a type of leucoplast, a subcategory for colorless, non-pigment-containing plastids. Amyloplasts are found in roots and storage tissues, and they store and synthesi... | Amyloplast | [
"Biology"
] | 475 | [
"Plant physiology",
"Plants"
] |
576,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pribnow%20box | The Pribnow box (also known as the Pribnow-Schaller box) is a sequence of TATAAT of six nucleotides (thymine, adenine, thymine, etc.) that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in bacteria. It is an idealized or consensus sequence—that is, it shows the most frequently occurring base ... | Pribnow box | [
"Chemistry"
] | 316 | [
"Gene expression",
"Regulatory sequences"
] |
576,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2.5D | 2.5D (basic pronunciation two-and-a-half dimensional) perspective refers to gameplay or movement in a video game or virtual reality environment that is restricted to a two-dimensional (2D) plane with little to no access to a third dimension in a space that otherwise appears to be three-dimensional and is often simulate... | 2.5D | [
"Physics"
] | 5,047 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Dimension",
"Physical quantities",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
577,162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20wave%20equations | In physics, specifically relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) and its applications to particle physics, relativistic wave equations predict the behavior of particles at high energies and velocities comparable to the speed of light. In the context of quantum field theory (QFT), the equations determine the dynamics of qu... | Relativistic wave equations | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,892 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Physical phenomena",
"Equations of physics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Equations",
"Special relativity",
"Waves",
"Motion (physics)",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
8,638,963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superferromagnetism | Superferromagnetism is the magnetism of an ensemble of magnetically interacting super-moment-bearing material particles that would be superparamagnetic if they were not interacting. Nanoparticles of iron oxides, such as ferrihydrite (nominally FeOOH), often cluster and interact magnetically. These interactions change... | Superferromagnetism | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 181 | [
"Magnetic ordering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science"
] |
8,647,217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcritical%20cycle | A transcritical cycle is a closed thermodynamic cycle where the working fluid goes through both subcritical and supercritical states. In particular, for power cycles the working fluid is kept in the liquid region during the compression phase and in vapour and/or supercritical conditions during the expansion phase. The ... | Transcritical cycle | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,180 | [
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
11,772,928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibull%20modulus | The Weibull modulus is a dimensionless parameter of the Weibull distribution. It represents the width of a probability density function (PDF) in which a higher modulus is a characteristic of a narrower distribution of values. Use case examples include biological and brittle material failure analysis, where modulus is u... | Weibull modulus | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,915 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Engineering statistics"
] |
11,774,498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baum%E2%80%93Connes%20conjecture | In mathematics, specifically in operator K-theory, the Baum–Connes conjecture suggests a link between the K-theory of the reduced C*-algebra of a group and the K-homology of the classifying space of proper actions of that group. The conjecture sets up a correspondence between different areas of mathematics, with the K... | Baum–Connes conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,251 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Conjectures"
] |
11,779,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20sediment | Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor. These particles either have their origins in soil and rocks and have been transported from the land to the sea, mainly by rivers but also by dust carried by wind and by the flow of glacie... | Marine sediment | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 11,407 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
320,468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine%20variety | In algebraic geometry, an affine algebraic set is the set of the common zeros over an algebraically closed field of some family of polynomials in the polynomial ring An affine variety or affine algebraic variety, is an affine algebraic set such that the ideal generated by the defining polynomials is prime.
Some text... | Affine variety | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,581 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
320,469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective%20variety | In algebraic geometry, a projective variety is an algebraic variety that is a closed subvariety of a projective space. That is, it is the zero-locus in of some finite family of homogeneous polynomials that generate a prime ideal, the defining ideal of the variety.
A projective variety is a projective curve if its dim... | Projective variety | [
"Mathematics"
] | 6,015 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
320,578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarski%27s%20theorem%20about%20choice | In mathematics, Tarski's theorem, proved by , states that in ZF the theorem "For every infinite set , there is a bijective map between the sets and " implies the axiom of choice. The opposite direction was already known, thus the theorem and axiom of choice are equivalent.
Tarski told that when he tried to publish ... | Tarski's theorem about choice | [
"Mathematics"
] | 416 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Cardinal numbers",
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Set theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical objects",
"Infinity",
"Mathematical axioms",
"Axiom of choice",
"Numbers",
"Axioms of set theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics... |
320,819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%20function | In mathematics, the Cantor function is an example of a function that is continuous, but not absolutely continuous. It is a notorious counterexample in analysis, because it challenges naive intuitions about continuity, derivative, and measure. Though it is continuous everywhere and has zero derivative almost everywhere... | Cantor function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,655 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Special functions",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fractals",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
320,873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocketdyne | Rocketdyne is an American rocket engine design and production company headquartered in Canoga Park, in the western San Fernando Valley of suburban Los Angeles, in southern California.
Rocketdyne was founded as a division of North American Aviation in 1955 and was later part of Rockwell International from 1967 until 19... | Rocketdyne | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,784 | [
"Rocketry",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
321,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20checking | In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification (also known as correctness). This is typically associated with hardware or software systems, where the specification contains liveness requirements (such as avoidance of... | Model checking | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,144 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Logic in computer science"
] |
321,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20information | In economics, perfect information (sometimes referred to as "no hidden information") is a feature of perfect competition. With perfect information in a market, all consumers and producers have complete and instantaneous knowledge of all market prices, their own utility, and own cost functions.
In game theory, a sequen... | Perfect information | [
"Mathematics"
] | 590 | [
"Game theory"
] |
321,671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation | A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to higher dimensions and a variety of geometries.
A periodic tiling has a repeating pattern. Some special kinds include r... | Tessellation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 5,219 | [
"Tessellation",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Geometry",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Symmetry"
] |
321,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiply%20perfect%20number | In mathematics, a multiply perfect number (also called multiperfect number or pluperfect number) is a generalization of a perfect number.
For a given natural number k, a number n is called (or perfect) if the sum of all positive divisors of n (the divisor function, σ(n)) is equal to kn; a number is thus perfect if a... | Multiply perfect number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,370 | [
"Recreational mathematics",
"Perfect numbers",
"Arithmetic dynamics",
"Number theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
321,827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermosetting%20polymer | In materials science, a thermosetting polymer, often called a thermoset, is a polymer that is obtained by irreversibly hardening ("curing") a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer (resin). Curing is induced by heat or suitable radiation and may be promoted by high pressure or mixing with a catalyst. Heat is not neces... | Thermosetting polymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,030 | [
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
321,869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding%20theory | Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications. Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection and correction, data transmission and data storage. Codes are studied by various scientific disciplines—such as information theory, electrical ... | Coding theory | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,600 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Coding theory",
"Reliability engineering",
"Error detection and correction"
] |
321,921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osborne%20Reynolds | Osborne Reynolds (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born British innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. He spent his entire career at what is now the University of Manchester... | Osborne Reynolds | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,294 | [
"Tribology",
"Fluid dynamicists",
"Tribologists",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
322,376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20succession | Ecological succession is the process of change in the species that make up an ecological community over time.
The process of succession occurs either after the initial colonization of a newly created habitat, or after a disturbance substantially alters a pre-existing habitat. Succession that begins in new habitats, un... | Ecological succession | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 6,134 | [
"Ecology terminology",
"Physical phenomena",
"Ecological processes",
"Earth phenomena"
] |
322,533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Orion%20%28nuclear%20propulsion%29 | Project Orion was a study conducted in the 1950s and 1960s by the United States Air Force, DARPA, and NASA into the viability of a nuclear pulse spaceship that would be directly propelled by a series of atomic explosions behind the craft. Early versions of the vehicle were proposed to take off from the ground; later ve... | Project Orion (nuclear propulsion) | [
"Astronomy",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 7,121 | [
"Exploratory engineering",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Hypothetical spacecraft",
"Interstellar travel",
"nan"
] |
322,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native%20state | In biochemistry, the native state of a protein or nucleic acid is its properly folded and/or assembled form, which is operative and functional. The native state of a biomolecule may possess all four levels of biomolecular structure, with the secondary through quaternary structure being formed from weak interactions alo... | Native state | [
"Chemistry"
] | 634 | [
"Protein structure",
"Structural biology"
] |
322,931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20coil | In polymer chemistry, a random coil is a conformation of polymers where the monomer subunits are oriented randomly while still being bonded to adjacent units. It is not one specific shape, but a statistical distribution of shapes for all the chains in a population of macromolecules. The conformation's name is derived f... | Random coil | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,642 | [
"Polymer physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Polymer chemistry",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
323,137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20phase | In classical and quantum mechanics, geometric phase is a phase difference acquired over the course of a cycle, when a system is subjected to cyclic adiabatic processes, which results from the geometrical properties of the parameter space of the Hamiltonian. The phenomenon was independently discovered by S. Pancharatnam... | Geometric phase | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,102 | [
"Quantum phases",
"Phases of matter",
"Classical mechanics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
323,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Constantinescu | George "Gogu" Constantinescu (; last name also Constantinesco; 4 October 1881 – 11 December 1965) was a Romanian scientist, engineer, and inventor. During his career, he registered over 130 inventions. Constantinescu was the creator of the theory of sonics, a new branch of continuum mechanics, in which he described the... | George Constantinescu | [
"Engineering"
] | 908 | [
"Civil engineering",
"Fluid mechanics"
] |
14,440,503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect%20agonist | In pharmacology, an indirect agonist or indirect-acting agonist is a substance that enhances the release or action of an endogenous neurotransmitter but has no specific agonist activity at the neurotransmitter receptor itself. Indirect agonists work through varying mechanisms to achieve their effects, including transpo... | Indirect agonist | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 388 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Natural products",
"Physiology",
"Pharmacodynamics",
"Neurotransmitters",
"Organic compounds",
"Biomolecules",
"Structural biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Proteins",
"Neurochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
14,440,793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20resonance%20spectroscopic%20imaging | Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a noninvasive imaging method that provides spectroscopic information in addition to the image that is generated by MRI alone.
Whereas traditional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generates a black-and-white image in which brightness is determined primarily by the T1 ... | Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 256 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Magnetic resonance imaging",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
14,444,088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium%20hydride | Positronium hydride, or hydrogen positride is an exotic molecule consisting of a hydrogen atom bound to an exotic atom of positronium (that is a combination of an electron and a positron). Its formula is PsH. It was predicted to exist in 1951 by A. Ore, and subsequently studied theoretically, but was not observed until... | Positronium hydride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 871 | [
"Antimatter",
"Molecular physics",
"Exotic atoms",
"Subatomic particles",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Atomic",
"Atoms",
"Matter",
" and optical physics"
] |
14,446,614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%E2%80%93Read%20source | In materials science, a Frank–Read source is a mechanism explaining the generation of multiple dislocations in specific well-spaced slip planes in crystals when they are deformed. When a crystal is deformed, in order for slip to occur, dislocations must be generated in the material. This implies that, during deformatio... | Frank–Read source | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,190 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
14,448,037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DaT%20scan | DaT Scan (DaT scan or Dopamine Transporter Scan) commonly refers to a diagnostic method, based on SPECT imaging, to investigate if there is a loss of dopaminergic neurons in striatum. The term may also refer to a brand name of Ioflupane (123I) tracer used for the study. The scan principle is based on use of the radioph... | DaT scan | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 550 | [
"Radiobiology",
"Radioactivity",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Medical physics"
] |
10,794,057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoporous%20silica | Mesoporous silica is a form of silica that is characterised by its mesoporous structure, that is, having pores that range from 2 nm to 50 nm in diameter. According to IUPAC's terminology, mesoporosity sits between microporous (<2 nm) and macroporous (>50 nm). Mesoporous silica is a relatively recent development in nano... | Mesoporous silica | [
"Materials_science"
] | 1,005 | [
"Mesoporous material",
"Porous media"
] |
10,794,084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinBUGS | WinBUGS is statistical software for Bayesian analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.
It is based on the BUGS (Bayesian inference Using Gibbs Sampling) project started in 1989. It runs under Microsoft Windows, though it can also be run on Linux or Mac using Wine.
It was developed by the BUGS Project, a... | WinBUGS | [
"Mathematics"
] | 210 | [
"Statistical software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
10,795,030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoxin-a | Anatoxin-a, also known as Very Fast Death Factor (VFDF), is a secondary, bicyclic amine alkaloid and cyanotoxin with acute neurotoxicity. It was first discovered in the early 1960s in Canada, and was isolated in 1972. The toxin is produced by multiple genera of cyanobacteria and has been reported in North America, Sout... | Anatoxin-a | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,972 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Natural products",
"Ketones",
"Functional groups",
"Amines",
"Organic compounds",
"Neurochemistry",
"Neurotoxins",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Alkaloids"
] |
10,798,875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlite | Starlite is an intumescent material said to be able to withstand and insulate from extreme heat. It was invented by British hairdresser and amateur chemist Maurice Ward (1933–2011) during the 1970s and 1980s, and received significant publicity after coverage of the material aired in 1990 on the BBC science and technolo... | Starlite | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,284 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Organic polymers",
"Organic compounds",
"Materials",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
10,799,117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion%20design | Fashion design is the art of applying design, aesthetics, clothing construction and natural beauty to clothing and its accessories. It is influenced by culture and different trends and has varied over time and place. "A fashion designer creates clothing, including dresses, suits, pants, and skirts, and accessories like... | Fashion design | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,316 | [
"Design occupations",
"Design",
"Fashion design"
] |
10,799,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS%20and%20hydrology | Geographic information systems (GISs) have become a useful and important tool in the field of hydrology to study and manage Earth's water resources. Climate change and greater demands on water resources require a more knowledgeable disposition of arguably one of our most vital resources. Because water in its occurrence... | GIS and hydrology | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 888 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
10,806,161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20calculator | A medical calculator is a type of medical computer software, whose purpose is to allow easy calculation of various scores and indices, presenting the user with a friendly interface that hides the complexity of the formulas. Most offer further information such as result interpretation guides and medical literature refer... | Medical calculator | [
"Biology"
] | 284 | [
"Medical software",
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
1,517,731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPICS | The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) is a set of software tools and applications used to develop and implement distributed control systems to operate devices such as particle accelerators, telescopes and other large scientific facilities. The tools are designed to help develop systems which of... | EPICS | [
"Physics"
] | 798 | [
"Computational physics",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics",
"Physics software"
] |
1,517,848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Centre%20for%20Diffraction%20Data | The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) maintains a database of powder diffraction patterns, the Powder Diffraction File (PDF), including the d-spacings (related to angle of diffraction) and relative intensities of observable diffraction peaks. Patterns may be experimentally determined, or computed based ... | International Centre for Diffraction Data | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Astronomy"
] | 550 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Diffraction",
"Crystallography",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Crystallography organizations"
] |
1,519,181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaritonics | Polaritonics is an intermediate regime between photonics and sub-microwave electronics (see Fig. 1). In this regime, signals are carried by an admixture of electromagnetic and lattice vibrational waves known as phonon-polaritons, rather than currents or photons. Since phonon-polaritons propagate with frequencies in the... | Polaritonics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,388 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Nanoelectronics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
1,519,267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%E2%80%93copper%28II%29%20sulfate%20electrode | The copper–copper(II) sulfate electrode is a reference electrode of the first kind, based on the redox reaction with participation of the metal (copper) and its salt, copper(II) sulfate.
It is used for measuring electrode potential and is the most commonly used reference electrode for testing cathodic protection corros... | Copper–copper(II) sulfate electrode | [
"Chemistry"
] | 367 | [
"Corrosion prevention",
"Electrodes",
"Corrosion",
"Electrochemistry",
"Electrochemistry stubs",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
1,520,221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20the%20British%20Interplanetary%20Society | The Journal of the British Interplanetary Society (JBIS) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1934. The journal covers research on astronautics and space science and technology, including spacecraft design, nozzle theory, launch vehicle design, mission architecture, space stations, luna... | Journal of the British Interplanetary Society | [
"Engineering"
] | 430 | [
"Planetary engineering"
] |
1,520,619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper%20orthogonal%20decomposition | The proper orthogonal decomposition is a numerical method that enables a reduction in the complexity of computer intensive simulations such as computational fluid dynamics and structural analysis (like crash simulations). Typically in fluid dynamics and turbulences analysis, it is used to replace the Navier–Stokes equa... | Proper orthogonal decomposition | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 680 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Computational electromagnetics",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Structural analysis",
"Classical mechanics",
"Computational physics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
1,521,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy%E2%80%93Ramanujan%E2%80%93Littlewood%20circle%20method | In mathematics, the Hardy–Ramanujan–Littlewood circle method is a technique of analytic number theory. It is named for G. H. Hardy, S. Ramanujan, and J. E. Littlewood, who developed it in a series of papers on Waring's problem.
History
The initial idea is usually attributed to the work of Hardy with Srinivasa Ramanuja... | Hardy–Ramanujan–Littlewood circle method | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,586 | [
"Analytic number theory",
"Number theory"
] |
1,521,726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superquadrics | In mathematics, the superquadrics or super-quadrics (also superquadratics) are a family of geometric shapes defined by formulas that resemble those of ellipsoids and other quadrics, except that the squaring operations are replaced by arbitrary powers. They can be seen as the three-dimensional relatives of the superelli... | Superquadrics | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,087 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Robotics engineering",
"Packaging machinery",
"Geometry",
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Geometry in computer vision",
"Computer vision"
] |
1,521,971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy%27s%20theorem | In Euclidean geometry, Ptolemy's theorem is a relation between the four sides and two diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral whose vertices lie on a common circle). The theorem is named after the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus). Ptolemy used the theorem as an aid to creati... | Ptolemy's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,775 | [
"Articles containing proofs",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Euclidean plane geometry"
] |
1,522,286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schur%27s%20theorem | In discrete mathematics, Schur's theorem is any of several theorems of the mathematician Issai Schur. In differential geometry, Schur's theorem is a theorem of Axel Schur. In functional analysis, Schur's theorem is often called Schur's property, also due to Issai Schur.
Ramsey theory
In Ramsey theory, Schur's theore... | Schur's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 912 | [
"Theorems in differential geometry",
"Theorems in linear algebra",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in combinatorics",
"Discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in algebra",
"Additive combinatorics",
"Computer-assisted proofs",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics",
"... |
1,522,373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll%27s%20paradox | In physics, Carroll's paradox arises when considering the motion of a falling rigid rod that is specially constrained. Considered one way, the angular momentum stays constant; considered in a different way, it changes. It is named after Michael M. Carroll who first published it in 1984.
Explanation
Consider two co... | Carroll's paradox | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 401 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
6,980,269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-making%20resistance | Wave-making resistance is a form of drag that affects surface watercraft, such as boats and ships, and reflects the energy required to push the water out of the way of the hull. This energy goes into creating the wave.
Physics
For small displacement hulls, such as sailboats or rowboats, wave-making resistance is the ... | Wave-making resistance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,708 | [
"Naval architecture",
"Physical phenomena",
"Water waves",
"Chemical engineering",
"Waves",
"Marine engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
6,980,928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20expansion%20valve | A thermal expansion valve or thermostatic expansion valve (often abbreviated as TEV, TXV, or TX valve) is a component in vapor-compression refrigeration and air conditioning systems that controls the amount of refrigerant released into the evaporator and is intended to regulate the superheat of the refrigerant that flo... | Thermal expansion valve | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,175 | [
"Physical systems",
"Valves",
"Hydraulics",
"Piping"
] |
6,988,866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed%20percolation | In statistical physics, directed percolation (DP) refers to a class of models that mimic filtering of fluids through porous materials along a given direction, due to the effect of gravity. Varying the microscopic connectivity of the pores, these models display a phase transition from a macroscopically permeable (percol... | Directed percolation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,024 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Critical phenomena",
"Percolation theory",
"Combinatorics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
6,988,897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense%20physiology | Defense physiology is a term used to refer to the symphony of body function (physiology) changes which occur in response to a stress or threat.
When the body executes the "fight-or-flight" reaction or stress response, the nervous system initiates, coordinates and directs specific changes in how the body is functionin... | Defense physiology | [
"Biology"
] | 602 | [
"Organ systems",
"Endocrine system",
"Physiology"
] |
980,166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20vortex%20cannon | An air vortex cannon is a toy that releases doughnut-shaped air vortices — similar to smoke rings but larger, stronger and invisible. The vortices can ruffle hair, disturb papers or blow out candles after travelling several metres.
An air vortex cannon can be made easily at home, from just a cardboard box.
Air canno... | Air vortex cannon | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 299 | [
"Dynamical systems",
"Vortices",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
981,045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-key%20exposition | In music, the three-key exposition is a particular kind of exposition used in sonata form.
Normally, a sonata form exposition has two main key areas. The first asserts the primary key of the piece, that is, the tonic. The second section moves to a different key, establishes that key firmly, arriving ultimately at a ... | Three-key exposition | [
"Technology"
] | 984 | [
"Components",
"Formal sections in music analysis"
] |
981,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exergonic%20process | An exergonic process is one which there is a positive flow of energy from the system to the surroundings. This is in contrast with an endergonic process. Constant pressure, constant temperature reactions are exergonic if and only if the Gibbs free energy change is negative (∆G < 0). "Exergonic" (from the prefix exo-,... | Exergonic process | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 546 | [
"Chemical thermodynamics",
"Thermodynamic processes",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
981,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure%20mode%20and%20effects%20analysis | Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA; often written with "failure modes" in plural) is the process of reviewing as many components, assemblies, and subsystems as possible to identify potential failure modes in a system and their causes and effects. For each component, the failure modes and their resulting effects on... | Failure mode and effects analysis | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,256 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Reliability analysis",
"Lean manufacturing",
"Reliability engineering"
] |
982,386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20form | In mathematics, the Killing form, named after Wilhelm Killing, is a symmetric bilinear form that plays a basic role in the theories of Lie groups and Lie algebras. Cartan's criteria (criterion of solvability and criterion of semisimplicity) show that Killing form has a close relationship to the semisimplicity of the Li... | Killing form | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,415 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
982,970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mertens%27%20theorems | In analytic number theory, Mertens' theorems are three 1874 results related to the density of prime numbers proved by Franz Mertens.
In the following, let mean all primes not exceeding n.
First theorem
Mertens' first theorem is that
does not exceed 2 in absolute value for any . ()
Second theorem
Mertens' secon... | Mertens' theorems | [
"Mathematics"
] | 819 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Mathematical structures",
"Series (mathematics)",
"Calculus",
"Theorems about prime numbers",
"Theorems in number theory"
] |
983,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/47%20Tucanae | 47 Tucanae or 47 Tuc (also designated as NGC 104 and Caldwell 106) is a globular cluster located in the constellation Tucana. It is about from Earth, and 120 light years in diameter. 47 Tuc can be seen with the naked eye, with an apparent magnitude of 4.1. It appears about 44 arcminutes across including its far outrea... | 47 Tucanae | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,360 | [
"Black holes",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Intermediate-mass black holes",
"Constellations",
"Tucana"
] |
983,601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative%20genomic%20hybridization | Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DN... | Comparative genomic hybridization | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,571 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Molecular genetics",
"Gene tests",
"Molecular biology"
] |
984,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%20the%20Bleep%20Do%20We%20Know%21%3F | What the Bleep Do We Know!? (stylized as What tнē #$*! D̄ө ωΣ (k)πow!? and What the #$*! Do We Know!?) is a 2004 American pseudo-scientific film that posits a spiritual connection between quantum physics and consciousness (as part of a belief system known as quantum mysticism). The plot follows the fictional story of a... | What the Bleep Do We Know!? | [
"Physics"
] | 3,580 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum mysticism"
] |
2,991,011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EL34 | The EL34 is a thermionic vacuum tube of the power pentode type. The EL34 was introduced in 1955 by Mullard, who were owned by Philips. The EL34 has an octal base (indicated by the '3' in the part number) and is found mainly in the final output stages of audio amplification circuits; it was also designed to be suitable ... | EL34 | [
"Physics"
] | 1,025 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
2,991,090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodgkin%E2%80%93Huxley%20model | The Hodgkin–Huxley model, or conductance-based model, is a mathematical model that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated. It is a set of nonlinear differential equations that approximates the electrical engineering characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells. It... | Hodgkin–Huxley model | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,283 | [
"Nonlinear systems",
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,992,378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jena%20Observatory | Astrophysikalisches Institut und Universitäts-Sternwarte Jena (AIU Jena, Astrophysical Institute and University Observatory Jena, or simply Jena Observatory) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Friedrich Schiller University of Jena. It has two main locations in Jena, Germany
and the neighbouring vi... | Jena Observatory | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 303 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Materials science"
] |
2,992,440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody%20opsonization | Antibody opsonization is a process by which a pathogen is marked for phagocytosis through coating of a target cell with antibodies. Immunoglobulins participate in molecular tagging of pathogens which display antigens recognised by their specific paratope. The binding of antibodies enhances pathogen identification and r... | Antibody opsonization | [
"Biology"
] | 718 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
2,992,856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodamine%20B | Rhodamine B is a chemical compound and a dye. It is often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with fluorometers.
Rhodamine B is used in biology as a staining fluorescent dye, sometimes i... | Rhodamine B | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 673 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Staining",
"Salts",
"Microbiology techniques",
"nan",
"Microscopy",
"Cell imaging",
"Histopathology"
] |
2,993,391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globar | A Globar is used as a thermal light source for infrared spectroscopy. The preferred material for making Globar is silicon carbide that is shaped as rods or arches of various sizes. When inserted into a circuit that provides it with electric current, it emits radiation from ~ 2 to 50 micrometres wavelength via the Joule... | Globar | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 310 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
2,993,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Kuiper's theorem (after Nicolaas Kuiper) is a result on the topology of operators on an infinite-dimensional, complex Hilbert space H. It states that the space GL(H) of invertible bounded endomorphisms of H is such that all maps from any finite complex Y to GL(H) are homotopic to a constant, for the nor... | Kuiper's theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,115 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theorems in topology",
"Topology",
"Mathematical problems",
"Hilbert spaces",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
2,993,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%201541 | IEEE 1541-2002 is a standard issued in 2002 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) concerning the use of prefixes for binary multiples of units of measurement related to digital electronics and computing. IEEE 1541-2021 revises and supersedes IEEE 1541–2002, which is 'inactive'.
While the Int... | IEEE 1541 | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 1,072 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Computer standards",
"Quantity",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Units of information",
"IEEE standards",
"Units of measurement"
] |
2,994,458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade%20pitch | Blade pitch or simply pitch refers to the angle of a blade in a fluid. The term has applications in aeronautics, shipping, and other fields.
Aeronautics
In aeronautics, blade pitch refers to the angle of the blades of an aircraft propeller or helicopter rotor. Blade pitch is measured relative to the aircraft body. It... | Blade pitch | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,081 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,994,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20number | In fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, the Lewis number (denoted ) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of thermal diffusivity to mass diffusivity. It is used to characterize fluid flows where there is simultaneous heat and mass transfer. The Lewis number puts the thickness of the thermal boundary layer in rel... | Lewis number | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 254 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Combustion",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,994,664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt%20number | In fluid dynamics, the Schmidt number (denoted ) of a fluid is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of momentum diffusivity (kinematic viscosity) and mass diffusivity, and it is used to characterize fluid flows in which there are simultaneous momentum and mass diffusion convection processes. It was named after G... | Schmidt number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 509 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
7,146,399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietdijk%E2%80%93Putnam%20argument | In philosophy, the Rietdijk–Putnam argument, named after and Hilary Putnam, uses 20th-century findings in physicsspecifically in special relativityto support the philosophical position known as four-dimensionalism.
If special relativity is true, then each observer will have their own plane of simultaneity, which cont... | Rietdijk–Putnam argument | [
"Physics"
] | 631 | [
"Special relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
7,147,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely%20integrable%20function | In mathematics, an absolutely integrable function is a function whose absolute value is integrable, meaning that the integral of the absolute value over the whole domain is finite.
For a real-valued function, since
where
both and must be finite. In Lebesgue integration, this is exactly the requirement for any meas... | Absolutely integrable function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 245 | [
"Integral calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
7,148,738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20Hamiltonian | In atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry, the molecular Hamiltonian is the Hamiltonian operator representing the energy of the electrons and nuclei in a molecule. This operator and the associated Schrödinger equation play a central role in computational chemistry and physics for computing prope... | Molecular Hamiltonian | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 4,292 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Spectroscopy",
" and optical physics"
] |
7,149,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization%20system | In mathematics, it can be shown that every function can be written as the composite of a surjective function followed by an injective function. Factorization systems are a generalization of this situation in category theory.
Definition
A factorization system (E, M) for a category C consists of two classes of morphism... | Factorization system | [
"Mathematics"
] | 708 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical relations",
"Category theory"
] |
7,149,215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%20photometer | A Sun photometer is a type of photometer conceived in such a way that it points at the Sun. Recent sun photometers are automated instruments incorporating a Sun-tracking unit, an appropriate optical system, a spectrally filtering device, a photodetector, and a data acquisition system. The measured quantity is called d... | Sun photometer | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 325 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical devices",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic radiation meters",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
7,149,681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20dihedral%20group | In mathematics, the generalized dihedral groups are a family of groups with algebraic structures similar to that of the dihedral groups. They include the finite dihedral groups, the infinite dihedral group, and the orthogonal group O(2). Dihedral groups play an important role in group theory, geometry, and chemistry.
... | Generalized dihedral group | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,358 | [
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra"
] |
7,149,861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-mode%20chromatography | Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC), or multimodal chromatography, refers to chromatographic methods that utilize more than one form of interaction between the stationary phase and analytes in order to achieve their separation. What is distinct from conventional single-mode chromatography is that the secondary interactions... | Mixed-mode chromatography | [
"Chemistry"
] | 973 | [
"Chromatography",
"Separation processes"
] |
7,150,276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophilic%20interaction%20chromatography | Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, HILIC) is a variant of normal phase liquid chromatography that partly overlaps with other chromatographic applications such as ion chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography. HILIC uses hydrophilic stationary phases... | Hydrophilic interaction chromatography | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,982 | [
"Chromatography",
"Biochemistry methods",
"Separation processes",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
13,284,111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%27s%20method%20of%20characteristic%20set | Wenjun Wu's method is an algorithm for solving multivariate polynomial equations introduced in the late 1970s by the Chinese mathematician Wen-Tsun Wu. This method is based on the mathematical concept of characteristic set introduced in the late 1940s by J.F. Ritt. It is fully independent of the Gröbner basis method, i... | Wu's method of characteristic set | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 1,717 | [
"Polynomials",
"Computer algebra",
"Computational mathematics",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Computer science",
"Algebraic geometry",
"Commutative algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
13,285,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20canrenoate | Potassium canrenoate (INN, JAN) or canrenoate potassium (USAN) (brand names Venactone, Soldactone), also known as aldadiene kalium, the potassium salt of canrenoic acid, is an aldosterone antagonist of the spirolactone group. Like spironolactone, it is a prodrug, and is metabolized to active canrenone in the body.
Pot... | Potassium canrenoate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 229 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Prodrugs"
] |
13,285,821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canrenone | Canrenone, sold under the brand names Contaren, Luvion, Phanurane, and Spiroletan, is a steroidal antimineralocorticoid of the spirolactone group related to spironolactone which is used as a diuretic in Europe, including in Italy and Belgium. It is also an important active metabolite of spironolactone, and partially ac... | Canrenone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 821 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Human drug metabolites",
"Spiro compounds"
] |
13,289,313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souders%E2%80%93Brown%20equation | In chemical engineering, the Souders–Brown equation (named after Mott Souders and George Granger Brown) has been a tool for obtaining the maximum allowable vapor velocity in vapor–liquid separation vessels (variously called flash drums, knockout drums, knockout pots, compressor suction drums and compressor inlet drums)... | Souders–Brown equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 729 | [
"Equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Gas-liquid separation",
"Separation processes by phases"
] |
13,289,588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation%20integrity%20testing | Foundation integrity testing is the non-destructive testing of piled foundations. It was first used in the late 1960s, and has been developed over time by many companies. Three organizations supply a majority of the test equipment in use: CEBTP (Centre Expérimental de Recherches et d'Etudes du Bâtiment et des Travaux P... | Foundation integrity testing | [
"Engineering"
] | 92 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Bridges"
] |
15,964,561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic%20materials%20engineering | Forensic materials engineering, a branch of forensic engineering, focuses on the material evidence from crime or accident scenes, seeking defects in those materials which might explain why an accident occurred, or the source of a specific material to identify a criminal. Many analytical methods used for material ident... | Forensic materials engineering | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,289 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
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